113 lines
18 KiB
XML
113 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="DEE3F9237A40F2ADEE7362199E8CC079" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e1adf209-6be2-429d-a679-45663c3f0cac" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781333163" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="86DB6B55AD31686B76C242D18946B85C" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_fallax_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole dentata Mayr" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="283" masterDocId="A91F8D984DB0B911B8B6DFE9067AB44B" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="282" updateTime="1701311087258" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="BBF088952C1A15B38BA5F03F709047B7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="39AEA5A2649FAC068FA85754304EF94D">
|
|
<mods:title id="327C876093229A58B5DFD5B120EAABEF">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="3C566A3CBE602633E9ACB344E2C9CA88" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="2F2C48AEB3BC91A6FCF94C24101C8F44">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4E76FE006DE4333E81801BFF0D60F06E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="DD2C8F7E5A6C28A88D36C14C6B69A91F">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="D7A6D78BD41E73942A63225F8AD24CE8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:originInfo id="CB04F5775DFDE9B1F43E39D38B0A430B">
|
|
<mods:dateIssued id="461EB40AE948E1E4E91B92F8F144DAE3">2003</mods:dateIssued>
|
|
<mods:publisher id="2C239027B6ECF20ACB762A23DE076884">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
|
|
<mods:place id="456127F6333F61E08386380C1A2B7DCA">
|
|
<mods:placeTerm id="C6E4A27780F130F9D3096AB4BE71E152">Cambridge, MA</mods:placeTerm>
|
|
</mods:place>
|
|
</mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:location id="2DE20E7C4680AEC455733166BB19DA0E">
|
|
<mods:url id="B81DCF4FB7B0AD1636C70CC80F07C381">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="F6BAECA1C2C746B943B247311074A3C4">book</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="75328271BF8E0CF3F5B81495C336A9E8" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="86DB6B55AD31686B76C242D18946B85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274787" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86DB6B55AD31686B76C242D18946B85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86DB6B55AD31686B76C242D18946B85C" lastPageNumber="283" pageNumber="282">
|
|
<subSubSection id="60AA208CC8EC1CA5D55940B2271A9AA0" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="466FB32E6444F39BD54FE48708450545" pageNumber="282">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2F0BB065A28FB1758AE18ABC2556864C" ID-CoL="76X79" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33704" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Pheidole dentata Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="412D469B1CA0BDFB98C90424EE7413AD" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="5945D938059659506876DAC5C487B04C" pageNumber="282">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3A3E46CD62AFC55C218DB19561F57614" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142240" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole morrisi var. dentata" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole morrisi var. dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="morrisi" variety="dentata">Pheidole morrisi var. dentata Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
1886d: 457, raised to species level by Forel 1901j: 351. Syn.:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A1FF42961F21D4D6B9A240121BD69630" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142239" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole commutata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole commutata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commutata">Pheidole commutata Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
1886d: 459, synonymy by Creighton 1950a: 178;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BAAD626E04F490F2B547AAC024B6206E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata var. faisonica" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata var. faisonica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="dentata" variety="faisonica">Pheidole dentata var. faisonica</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel 190lj: 352, synonymy by Creighton 1950a: 178;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A1AEC21BE3E2E6B37349399139D3A2BD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142682" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptothorax tennesseensis Cole" lsidName-HNS="Leptothorax tennesseensis Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">Leptothorax tennesseensis Cole</taxonomicName>
|
|
1938a: 238, synonymized under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD7A5D056F3B8CDE1B46AD2763E4F1DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142239" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole commutata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole commutata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commutata">commutata</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Cole 1948: 82.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DB237F4E9BCC939B8879B400B463AC28" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="4CADEF5386CC4EABC9CD4088285B477D" pageNumber="282">TYPES Naturhist. Mus. Wien.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8121B0862EC88B50103CC10919B7BB5C" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="4F6880BA879C42D124657A83E81B1819" pageNumber="282">
|
|
etymology L
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CEC70C8B2653AA2BC6F8768C23A9C3A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33704" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, toothed, presumably referring to the propodeal spines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C8F8399E628243374B2F3B38B8B718F7" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="C5DF2EAEB88C0671218DEC0A8383B6DD" pageNumber="282">
|
|
diagnosis A member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="48E8EEC41C6496B7FB3462EBA2C86B98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33735" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole fallax Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole fallax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">fallax</taxonomicName>
|
|
group similar in various characters to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9F93442DF302FAF4F837432C44BB1DB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33614" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bergi Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bergi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">bergi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1165B8AE6DD99DFFBD80A796605476" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181722" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole chiapasana Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole chiapasana Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapasana">chiapasana</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A774C7E820FFE0643B86E09A71595D85" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33685" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cordiceps Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cordiceps Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiceps">cordiceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EAF722CE73F4F2BB49E79DC807B7ACC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181727" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dione Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dione Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dione">dione</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9751663B6719E1AC7AE00194537A682E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181737" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole humeridens Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole humeridens Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeridens">humeridens</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F726C5BCD221C1A198BAB0501723153" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181791" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole industa Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole industa Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="industa">industa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8F294EFDBBD7ABDCEC5442D466F5B67" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33820" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole laevivertex Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole laevivertex Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevivertex">laevivertex</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="438D806D0139EA1EF66B014A446B4806" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole madrensis Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole madrensis Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madrensis">madrensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EA4CEB57DFCF8E80123784DD0E06245" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole maja Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole maja Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">maja</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBCE56D4A3B0746390AB8D1F77CEE6E4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33896" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole nitidula Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole nitidula Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidula">nitidula</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B35081D766F609992764FDC9D5058A2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181827" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole tetroides Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole tetroides Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetroides">tetroides</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and distinguished as follows.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="FAAA95B438F67D1671890DE766B2F1B3" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="60874D75ACE1C75AB89916E4540BA35F" pageNumber="282">Major: rugoreticulum of head placed next to antennal fossa in advance of eye level; carinulae of frontal lobes mostly limited to margins of the lobes and extending posteriorly to the level of the eyes only by an Eye Length; occipital margin in full-face view deeply concave; occipital corners smoothly rounded, almost semicircular; humerus and mesonotal convexity low and smooth, rounded in profde; apex of petiolar node in side view strongly tapered; postpetiole from above elliptical, with bluntly angular lateral margins; promesonotal dorsum completely smooth.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BB52BB410FE4ABE1BD70F699B35674C0" pageNumber="282">Minor: propodeal spines reduced almost to denticles; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes in side view very low; occipital margin in full-face view very feebly concave.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DF20F9AF1F0AD6D82E9724B0561B51A6" pageNumber="282">Measurements (mm) Major (Wakulla Springs State Park, Florida): HW 1.14, HL 1.26, SL 0.84, EL 0.22, PW 0.60. Minor (Wakulla Springs State Park): HW 0.58, HL 0.66, SL 0.74, EL 0.14, PW 0.38.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E9C4D121A8F9D5719C416B5D328E9AA0" lastPageNumber="283" pageNumber="282">
|
|
Color Coloration and size vary greatly, as described by Naves (1985) in Florida: "I have found colonies of small dark specimens in wooded areas around Gainesville and large specimens that nest in sandy soil on beaches in south Florida and the Florida Keys. I also found a yellowish variant that inhabits the marshlands of the Keys and another variant with quite large majors that vary in color from reddish to very dark brown nesting in open areas around Gainesville." Naves believes that all of the variation is of a single species. On the other hand, Stefan Cover has provided the following suggestive observations that may point toward multiple sibling species: "Variation similar to that reported by Naves in Florida is present throughout much of dentata's range. In many places in the southeastern United States, there are lighter colored open-ground forms and darker forest-inhabiting forms. In at least one case there are associated life-history differences. The typical dark, forest-inhabiting form common in the southeast produces monogynous colonies containing several hundred individuals. In Calvert Co., Maryland, at the northeastern extremity of its range, only a light colored open-ground form is present. It forms polygynous colonies often containing over 5,000 ants. This strongly suggests
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A6BC0640783AF8E0557E85EED93B072A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33704" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be a sibling species cluster like the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0BE078D39E852BF532ADB833E834AAF9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaenogaster rudis Enzmann" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster rudis Enzmann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">Aphaenogaster rudis</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="87DFF4046A0FAC6326345FD7E4C42F6F" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="1B74D1088DE0D8A2AC80C09124A19239" pageNumber="283">Range This very adaptable and abundant ant is known to occur from Calvert County, Maryland, south to the Florida Keys, west to Illinois, Kansas, El Paso and the Davis Mountains of Texas, thence south to northern Mexico (Monterrey, Nuevo Leon).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7669CD1F4626837B74428C48AFA6FA03" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="9155B40D81987E35D7F6E80843157261" pageNumber="283">
|
|
Biology In the southeastern United States, where I have observed the species (or complex of sibling species) over many years, colonies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7D26BFDF58CD4A6801ABEEECDF539FC9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33704" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
occur in a wide range of habitats, from relatively thick coniferous and deciduous woodland to beaches and even city streets. They prefer to nest in rotting logs and stumps, but also readily occupy soil beneath pieces of rotting wood and in open ground. In Pensacola, Florida, I found them one of the commonest ants in and around concrete sidewalks. Similar versatility has been reported elsewhere in Florida by Naves (1985) and in western Texas by Moody and Francke (1982). I have found
|
|
<taxonomicName id="616ACF2B5CA62473D20FF3E38931BCC4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33704" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole dentata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole dentata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be an easily collected and managed species for laboratory studies, having used colonies to demonstrate enemy specification in alarm-defense communication (Wilson 1975d, 1976a) and the fixed nature of major-minor ratios even in the face of intense predator pressure (Johnston and Wilson 1985). Laboratory colonies feed voraciously and thrive on insects and sugar, growing to maturity within a year or so. G. C. and J. Wheeler (1953b) have provided a description of the larvae of all castes and instars.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E260D29E84B3D795E3C0035927B67135" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="67C51305C69E0CAD43DF65CBA76854C9">Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. FLORIDA: Wakulla Springs State Park, Wakulla Co. (E. O. Wilson). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |