730 lines
103 KiB
XML
730 lines
103 KiB
XML
<document id="6190DAFB222E908F71B1DE2D212129CE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7710103" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678329528814" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.0969.1–58.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (969)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Telegonus tsongae Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="215B9F1E2A4B727CFFF6C32BFFE3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699461751711" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9BAE1D0A1A8FC31BB76BEA773268B3C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4DACF65482412EECC2ED1C08F10ED6B1">
|
||
<mods:title id="DDB3472EDA68B12E61290251AB338C62">Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D5BD96A1A9C150B572FEAC6413210E80" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D68D23A2FE2907EC5567C0C543965369">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2DF53AB1398167CF43C5FC60DB4658F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D0835CB0FEAE5D57324E592C3F7D7310">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B4AFC50C1BC566028111F2186217CB99">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="543EC69C1EC6AB6AD22FF758FB3BDFD2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="666A47C6DA6CD1044029AB3C038E0F66">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BBF85FC580E0BA822B626D105FD53FF9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8467B831226D3479D8414CBD1B2C2F7A">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="29C6DF1B4E81343721867F2741524EE5">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5EEC275C4D8956EE94C6508566AEE61C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F2140DEDEA8263AC6923DF23300ED0FC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="742A5C680B4BD6BAE29DFE50B8435CE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CB366A04670DE855DEB71E778614AD55">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="54C4EDB0824713E57935FC8CE1419531">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="5329CD19B85DE029F2242857B9750212">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="FF0435C782A18BF0408E2654FE69ED99" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BC6F16995D494E53077B0F173CAB4872">
|
||
<mods:title id="A1A4C148A2D00CA0F51813808EA579D8">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="B31714C2768DC34EEE373A2675FCDD93">
|
||
<mods:date id="F74C127C5FB162B7CA7AFFC5FD4E21BF">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CAE32A1185D68B78CFD3419996E384EF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="ABA7D7D098D469A08E3DFDEB88F3BC66">2023-01-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="07946C054D98E91C36C804495C76B982" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7B24F2260213A10D0B60A418AFAD9C92">2023</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="505A38348AA21EE90EF0C58A01DDE2AF" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="FE56E7F16366AD95AFC39E2B89EA4355">969</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="DF697CBA807B4FE8C0455F73EDC1C1D4" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="51FBA22FC0056935B484D331BCC72DD7">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="FEB130F3917F79D7C512D6B3E3C3AD90">58</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0CA7902DBDC568D14A370AEAECE7F359">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A2B7BB925BC10F075C7BDD0BC2FB6FC1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7710103</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="330F8F27E5BD1BA48A084061DAD1286C" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B49B430413B3F4A43A6E0F4A1A75DB33" type="Zenodo-Dep">7710103</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A59726EFF36C5F2FC44F8AB" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A59726EFF36C5F2FD4EF945" blockId="18.[192,935,1753,1850]" box="[192,685,1753,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="0E3CE11C2A59726EFF36C5F2FD4EF945" box="[192,685,1753,1783]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A59726EFF36C5F2FD4EF945" bold="true" box="[192,685,1753,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A59726EFF36C5F2FDEFF945" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,524,1753,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A59726EFF36C5F2FE42F944" bold="true" box="[192,417,1753,1782]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
Grishin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A59726EFDEEC5F1FD4EF945" box="[536,685,1754,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A59726EFF36C5D5FC44F8AB" blockId="18.[192,935,1753,1850]" box="[192,935,1790,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
https://zoobank.org/
|
||
<uuid id="216D6CA52A59726EFE6BC5D5FC44F8AB" box="[413,935,1790,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">926DF925-40ED-45AF-A379-451262C255D6</uuid>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A59726EFF36C40BFE47F888" box="[192,420,1824,1850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A59726EFF36C40BFE47F888" blockId="18.[192,935,1753,1850]" box="[192,420,1824,1850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A59726EFF3EC40BFEF6F888" box="[200,277,1824,1850]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[192,268,1033,1059]" captionTargetBox="[193,1437,215,991]" captionTargetId="figure-377@17.[192,1440,213,993]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Trees of Telegonus fulgerator complex constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: T. tsongae sp. n. (red), T.misitra (blue), T. catemacoensis (cyan), T. azul (green), T. fulgerator (purple), and T. fulminator (orange) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and paralectotype of T.misitra in olive. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710127/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
part, 11–20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A59726FFF36C461FD8FF944" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A59726FFF36C461FC9AFA48" blockId="18.[192,1441,1866,1927]" lastBlockId="19.[191,1442,831,1530]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A59726EFF36C461FE0DF8D6" bold="true" box="[192,494,1866,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Genomic comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A59726EFCE3C461FC17F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Walch" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[789,1012,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgerator">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A59726EFCE3C461FC17F8D6" box="[789,1012,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Telegonus fulgerator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species reveals that specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A59726EFED0C447FEA9F834" box="[294,330,1900,1926]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
, together with Mexican specimens, form a distinct clade that cannot be associated with any available name and therefore represents a new taxon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A58726FFD43C014FCE0FCEB" box="[693,771,831,857]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[192,268,1033,1059]" captionTargetBox="[193,1437,215,991]" captionTargetId="figure-377@17.[192,1440,213,993]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Trees of Telegonus fulgerator complex constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: T. tsongae sp. n. (red), T.misitra (blue), T. catemacoensis (cyan), T. azul (green), T. fulgerator (purple), and T. fulminator (orange) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and paralectotype of T.misitra in olive. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710127/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
red). It is closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFC1EC06BFB0AFCEB" authority="(Plotz, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1000,1257,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFC1EC06BFBB1FCEB" box="[1000,1106,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">T. misitra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A58726FFB96C014FB03FCEB" author="Plotz C." box="[1120,1248,831,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref33618" refString="Plotz C. 1881. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Eudamus und ihre Arten. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 42 (10 / 12): 500 - 504; 43 (1 / 3): 87 - 101." type="journal article" year="1881">Plötz, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A58726FFB0EC014FAC9FCEB" box="[1272,1322,831,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A58726FFF37C04AFEF5FCC9" box="[193,278,865,891]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A58726FFEDAC04AFE9BFCC9" box="[300,376,865,891]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[192,268,1033,1059]" captionTargetBox="[193,1437,215,991]" captionTargetId="figure-377@17.[192,1440,213,993]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Trees of Telegonus fulgerator complex constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: T. tsongae sp. n. (red), T.misitra (blue), T. catemacoensis (cyan), T. azul (green), T. fulgerator (purple), and T. fulminator (orange) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and paralectotype of T.misitra in olive. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710127/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
blue) and the two taxa are sisters in the mitochondrial genome tree, but their COI barcodes differ by 2.6% (17 bp) and
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A58726FFE25C0A8FE0EFC2F" attach="left" box="[467,493,899,925]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fst</subScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A58726FFE00C0A8FDC6FC2E" attach="left" box="[502,549,899,925]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Gmin</subScript>
|
||
statistics for them are 0.53/0.003 suggesting strong genetic differentiation. The caterpillar patterns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A58726FFE50C08FFDC2FC0C" box="[422,545,932,958]" captionStart-0="Figure 16" captionStart-1="Figure 17" captionStart-2="Figure 18" captionStart-3="Figure 19" captionStart-4="Figure 20" captionStartId-0="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionStartId-1="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionStartId-2="26.[191,267,1866,1892]" captionStartId-3="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionStartId-4="28.[192,268,706,732]" captionTargetBox-0="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetBox-2="[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetBox-3="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@26.[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId-4="figure-531@28.[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionTargetPageId-3="27" captionTargetPageId-4="28" captionText-0="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." captionText-1="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." captionText-2="Figure 18. Late instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–d) 3rd instar, e–h) 4th instar. a) 16-Nov, b, c, d) 18-Nov, e) 19-Nov, h) 20-Nov, f) 23-Nov, g) 28-Nov, i) 3-Dec." captionText-3="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." captionText-4="Figure 20. Ultimate (5th) instar caterpillar of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a) head in anterodorsal view, b) ♂ c) ♀ 8th segment in dorsal view, a pair of orange testes seen through in ♂, d) last segments in dorsal view; a, d) 25-Dec, the same individual; b–c) 30-Dec." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710147" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710151" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7710147/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7710151/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 16–20</figureCitation>
|
||
) and foodplants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A58726FFD1CC08FFCD9FC0C" box="[746,826,932,958]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[192,268,1384,1410]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-230@22.[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007. a, b, d) Karwinskia humboldtiana, a) growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition, b) flowers, c) shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages, d) enlarged leaves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710139/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), both used as characters to differentiate a complex of sympatric species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A58726FFE64C0EDFDBFFC52" author="Hebert PD & Penton EH & Burns JM & Janzen DH & Hallwachs W." box="[402,604,966,992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="14812 - 14817" refId="ref32945" refString="Hebert PD, Penton EH, Burns JM, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2004. Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (41): 14812 - 14817." type="journal article" year="2004">Hebert et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),differ as well. Therefore, the red clade is a new species. Distinguished from its relatives by a combination of blue (not greenish) wing bases and body above, usually 4 nearly equal in size forewing hyaline spots in a row,straight discal band of hyaline spots, narrower than in many other species, spot at the base of cell M
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A58726FFE77C71DFE6AFBF6" attach="right" box="[385,393,1078,1092]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">3</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A58726FFE31C71DFE2CFBF6" attach="left" box="[455,463,1078,1092]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">1</subScript>
|
||
typically small, within the band, spot in cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A58726FFC06C71DFC1BFBF6" attach="right" box="[1008,1016,1078,1092]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">1</subScript>
|
||
-1A+2A also small or missing, aligned with the band or a little offset distad; the body beneath is pale-yellow (specimens reared in the lab) to orangeyellow (most adults collected in the field), the white segment at the base of hindwing near costa barely reaches the middle of costal margin from the base. Caterpillar with pattern distinct from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFB75C7A4FAA0FB1B" box="[1155,1347,1167,1193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFB75C7A4FB0EFB1B" box="[1155,1261,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Telegonus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A58726FFAA6C7A4FEDAFB79" author="Hebert PD & Penton EH & Burns JM & Janzen DH & Hallwachs W." pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="14812 - 14817" refId="ref32945" refString="Hebert PD, Penton EH, Burns JM, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2004. Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (41): 14812 - 14817." type="journal article" year="2004">Hebert et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): each segment is dorsally black with a yellow crossband in distal half, the band narrowing laterally and in the middle, where it may be separated into two spots; there are two white streaks behind each segment of the band, lower half of the body and the head reddish. The yellow bands are deeper in color, different from paleyellow bands in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFE81C63DFE03FA9D" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[375,480,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFE81C63DFE03FA9D" box="[375,480,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">T. misitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are broader than narrow and typically uniform in width bands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFAF6C63DFA8AFA9D" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1280,1385,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFAF6C63DFA8AFA9D" box="[1280,1385,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">T. misitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The caterpillar feeds on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFDC6C61CFC7DFAE3" authority="Zucc." authorityName="Zucc." box="[560,926,1335,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Karwinskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFDC6C61CFD4DFAE3" box="[560,686,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Karwinskia</emphasis>
|
||
Zucc. (Rhamnaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also recorded as a rarely used (in addition to mostly various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFE9BC672FDFDFAC1" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[365,542,1369,1395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae Lindl.</taxonomicName>
|
||
) foodplant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFD4BC671FCCBFAC1" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[701,808,1370,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFD4BC671FCCBFAC1" box="[701,808,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">T. misitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., SENNOV) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A58726FFC1AC672FB58FAC1" author="Hebert PD & Penton EH & Burns JM & Janzen DH & Hallwachs W." box="[1004,1211,1369,1395]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="14812 - 14817" refId="ref32945" refString="Hebert PD, Penton EH, Burns JM, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2004. Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (41): 14812 - 14817." type="journal article" year="2004">Hebert et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Due to known and potentially undiscovered variation in the phenotypic characters, including caterpillar patterns, the new species can be reliably diagnosed by DNA,and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in nuclear genome: aly173.14.1:C1732T, aly1080.27.6:C1648G, aly173.14.1:T1902C, aly383.21.1:C4023T, and aly1080.27.6:A1301T, and COI barcode: A229G, T283C, T292C, T578C, and T596C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A58726FFF49C1DBFAE3FCB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710133" box="[191,1280,752,779]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710133/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" startId="19.[191,267,752,778]" targetBox="[198,1434,237,716]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A58726FFF49C1DBFAE3FCB9" blockId="19.[191,1280,752,779]" box="[191,1280,752,779]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFF49C1DBFED6FCB8" bold="true" box="[191,309,752,778]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFE31C1DBFD69FCB8" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[455,650,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFE31C1DBFD69FCB8" box="[455,650,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFD66C1DBFD2DFCB8" bold="true" box="[656,718,752,778]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A58726FFD66C1DBFD2DFCB8" box="[656,718,752,778]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A58726FFF36C522FD8FF944" blockId="19.[192,1440,1545,1782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFF36C522FDADF991" bold="true" box="[192,590,1545,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Barcode sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A58726FFE16C522FDAAF991" box="[480,585,1545,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sample NVG-3614, GenBank OP762105, 658 base pairs: AACCTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGACTAATTGGAACTTCCTTAAGATTACTTATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAACCCCAGGAT CTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACAGCTCATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGG AGGATTTGGAAATTGACTAGTTCCATTAATAATAGGTGCCCCAGATATGGCTTTCCCCCGTATAAATAACATAAGATTTTGATTATTGC CCCCATCTTTAACCTTATTAATCTCAAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGAGCTGGTACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTTTCATCAAA TATTGCCCATCAAGGAGCATCTGTTGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCCCTTCATCTTGCTGGTATTTCATCAATTCTTGGAGCTATTAATTTTA TTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTATT ATTACTTTCATTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATACTATTAACAGATCGAAATCTAAATACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGG AGGAGATCCAATCTTATACCAACACTTATTT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A587269FF36C42CFB0DFA8C" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A587269FF36C42CFB5CFAA6" blockId="19.[192,1443,1799,1928]" lastBlockId="21.[191,1440,1001,1302]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFF36C42CFE8FF893" bold="true" box="[192,364,1799,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A587268FE83C42CFEC5F90F" collectingDate="2015-06-14" collectionCode="DC, USNM, V" collectorName="Qian Cong & Nick & Grishin" country="United States of America" county="Starr Co." lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" latitude="26.40472" location="National Museum of Natural History" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.01859" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A58726FFE83C42CFE0AF893" bold="true" box="[373,489,1799,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A58726FFE83C42CFE07F893" box="[373,484,1799,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A58726FFE05C422FDEBF896" box="[499,520,1801,1828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A58726FFD23C42CFB9CF893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A58726FFD23C42CFB9CF893" box="[725,1151,1799,1826]" country="United States of America" county="Starr Co." latitude="26.40472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.01859" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A58726FFB7AC42CFA7FF893" box="[1164,1436,1799,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Smithsonian Institution</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A58726FFF36C402FEAAF8F1" box="[192,329,1833,1859]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A58726FFEA0C402FE63F8F1" box="[342,384,1833,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">DC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A58726FFE7BC402FE21F8F1" box="[397,450,1833,1859]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A58726FFE24C402FDC4F8F1" box="[466,551,1833,1859]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A58726FFD20C402FCC6F8F1" box="[726,805,1833,1859]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[191,267,752,778]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,237,716]" captionTargetId="figure-503@19.[192,1440,234,722]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Holotype of Telegonus tsongae sp. n. dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710133/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears the following three rectangular labels, two white: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A58726FFF25C460FEE8F8D7" box="[211,267,1867,1893]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A58726FFEEEC460FE93F8D7" box="[280,368,1867,1893]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A58726FFE8BC460FE05F8D7" box="[381,486,1867,1893]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Starr Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, | Roma, near International | Bridge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A58726FFC6FC461FBE3F8D6" box="[921,1024,1866,1892]" degrees="26.40472" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="26.40472">26.40472</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A58726FFBF8C461FB60F8D7" box="[1038,1155,1866,1893]" degrees="99.01859" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-99.01859">−99.01859</geoCoordinate>
|
||
|
|
||
<date id="217570B02A58726FFB6BC461FAC9F8D7" box="[1181,1322,1866,1893]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" value="2015-06-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A58726FFB6BC461FAC9F8D7" box="[1181,1322,1866,1893]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" value="2015-06-14">14-Jun-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A58726FFA9EC461FF1EF834" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Qian Cong</collectorName>
|
||
], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-3614 | c/o
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A58726FFD5DC447FD03F834" box="[683,736,1900,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Nick</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A58726FFD13C446FD1BF835" box="[741,760,1901,1927]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A58726FFCF7C447FCB4F834" box="[769,855,1900,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
], and one red [
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A58726FFBFFC447FB79F834" box="[1033,1178,1900,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A58726FFB56C446FB56F83A" box="[1184,1205,1901,1928]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A58726FFB3EC447FADBF834" box="[1224,1336,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telegonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A587268FABDC446FEF5F90E" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae">tsongae Grishin</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7268FEC7C588FA7FF96C" collectingDate="2004-04-17" collectionCode="TMMC" collectorName="Tony Gallucci" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde Co." latitude="29.912" location="Dolan Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-100.9841" municipality="Devil's River State Natural Area" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="52" specimenCount-female="21" specimenCount-male="31" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FEC7C588FE48F90F" bold="true" box="[305,427,1699,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A5F7268FEC7C588FE45F90F" box="[305,422,1699,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FE46C588FE16F90D" box="[432,501,1699,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">30♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FDDCC588FDB9F90D" box="[554,602,1699,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="female">21♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A5F7268FD96C588FD76F90F" box="[608,661,1699,1725]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5F7268FD57C588FD01F90F" box="[673,738,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FD1DC588FCEEF90D" box="[747,781,1699,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
11-BOA-15610C09
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A5F7268FC19C589FB6AF90F" box="[1007,1161,1698,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Val Verde Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A5F7268FB64C589FEFEF96C" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Devil’s River State Natural Area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 3rd side canyon off
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5F7268FDFEC5EFFD79F96C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5F7268FDFEC5EFFD79F96C" box="[520,666,1732,1758]" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde Co." latitude="29.912" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-100.9841" municipality="Devil's River State Natural Area" name="Dolan Creek" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Texas">Dolan Creek</location>
|
||
, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5F7268FD2BC5EFFCD4F96C" box="[733,823,1732,1758]" degrees="29.9120" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="29.912">29.9120</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5F7268FCB4C5EFFC5AF96C" box="[834,953,1732,1758]" degrees="100.9841" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="-100.9841">−100.9841</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5F7268FC35C5EFFBB7F96C" box="[963,1108,1732,1758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2004-04-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5F7268FC35C5EFFBB7F96C" box="[963,1108,1732,1758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2004-04-17">17-Apr-2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5F7268FB96C5EEFB18F96C" box="[1120,1275,1732,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Tony Gallucci</collectorName>
|
||
leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5F7268FACEC5EFFA75F96C" box="[1336,1430,1732,1758]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7268FF37C5CDFEB9F893" collectingDate="1985-05-02" collectionCode="TMMC" collectorName="C. J. Durden" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." location="Upper Stillhouse Hollow" municipality="Austin" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FF37C5CDFF01F8B0" box="[193,226,1766,1794]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
11-BOA-15610C10
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A5F7268FE38C5CDFDA5F8B2" box="[462,582,1766,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Travis Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A5F7268FDA3C5CDFD41F8B2" box="[597,674,1766,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Austin</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5F7268FD47C5CDFC2EF8B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5F7268FD47C5CDFC2EF8B2" box="[689,973,1766,1792]" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." municipality="Austin" name="Upper Stillhouse Hollow" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Upper Stillhouse Hollow</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5F7268FC29C5CDFBBFF8B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5F7268FC29C5CDFBBFF8B2" box="[991,1116,1766,1792]" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." municipality="Austin" name="Wild Park" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Wild Park</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5F7268FB84C5CEFB1FF8B2" box="[1138,1276,1765,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="1985-05-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5F7268FB84C5CEFB1FF8B2" box="[1138,1276,1765,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="1985-05-02">2-May-1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5F7268FAFDC5CDFA43F8B2" box="[1291,1440,1766,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">C. J. Durden</collectorName>
|
||
leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5F7268FF00C42CFEB7F893" box="[246,340,1799,1825]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7268FE9FC42CFD1FF8F1" collectingDate="2015-05-30" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" county="Cameron Co." location="2.5 mi SW of Sebastian" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FE9FC42CFE7DF896" box="[361,414,1799,1828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3422 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5F7268FDC4C42CFD60F893" box="[562,643,1799,1825]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[192,268,888,914]" captionTargetBox="[204,1423,244,837]" captionTargetId="figure-426@21.[192,1440,235,849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Genitalia of Telegonus tsongae sp. n. paratype NVG-3422 (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) left posterolateral, c) dorsal, d) ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710137/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), NVG-3427,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FCD2C42CFCA5F896" box="[804,838,1799,1828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3426 (latter
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A5F7268FBE9C42CFBAFF893" box="[1055,1100,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
copula)
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A5F7268FB47C42CFAA8F893" box="[1201,1355,1799,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Cameron Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5F7268FAACC42CFE63F8F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5F7268FAACC42CFE63F8F1" country="United States of America" county="Cameron Co." name="2.5 mi SW of Sebastian" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A5F7268FAACC42CFA41F893" box="[1370,1442,1799,1826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="mi" value="2.5">2.5 mi</quantity>
|
||
SW of Sebastian
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5F7268FE7DC402FDC0F8F6" box="[395,547,1833,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-05-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5F7268FE7DC402FDC0F8F6" box="[395,547,1833,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-05-30">30-May-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5F7268FDA3C402FD8BF8F1" box="[597,616,1833,1859]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5F7268FD82C402FD29F8F1" box="[628,714,1833,1859]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7268FCFCC402FC4EF8D7" collectingDate="2015-05-31" collectorName="Denise Tan" country="United States of America" county="Starr Co." latitude="26.4048" location="Roma" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0185" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A5F7268FCFCC402FC91F8F1" box="[778,882,1833,1859]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Starr Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5F7268FC76C402FC26F8F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5F7268FC76C402FC26F8F1" box="[896,965,1833,1859]" country="United States of America" county="Starr Co." latitude="26.4048" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0185" name="Roma" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Roma</location>
|
||
, by the international bridge, GPS around
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5F7268FF36C461FEFAF8D6" box="[192,281,1866,1892]" degrees="26.4048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="26.4048">26.4048</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5F7268FEDEC461FE72F8D7" box="[296,401,1866,1893]" degrees="99.0185" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="-99.0185">−99.0185</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5F7268FE69C461FDDBF8D7" box="[415,568,1866,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-05-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5F7268FE69C461FDDBF8D7" box="[415,568,1866,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-05-31">31-May-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5F7268FDB3C461FD24F8D7" box="[581,711,1866,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Denise Tan</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FCF4C460FCC6F8D5" box="[770,805,1867,1895]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3456
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7268FC4CC460FD9AF834" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5F7268FC16C460FC10F8D7" box="[992,1011,1867,1893]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5F7268FBF6C461FBB5F8D6" box="[1024,1110,1866,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FB61C461FB2DF8D5" box="[1175,1230,1866,1895]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">6♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3453,-3455, -3457, -3458, -3459, -3460 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5F7268FE06C447FD92F834" box="[496,625,1900,1926]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[191,267,1409,1435]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-139@20.[192,1440,213,1379]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Telegonus tsongaesp. n. in nature,USA:Texas.a–d) iNaturalist observations.a–b) Hidalgo Co.,Bentsen- Rio Grande Valley State Park: 108107791♂ 27-Oct-2008 © John Rosford and 110234060♀ 25-Dec-2014 © Mark + Holly Salvato, respectively; c) 2090814 ♀ Uvalde Co.,Cooks Slough Nature Park, 12-Sep-2015 © Diana-Terry Hibbitts; d) 787547♀ Williamson Co., Liberty Hill, 16-Jul-2014 © Goolsbygirl. Some images were color-corrected and are available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e–m) paratype ♂ NVG-3460 at the type locality, perching in various poses under varying (natural) lighting, 31-May-2015 © Nick V. Grishin, m) overall view of the perch with the paratype in the middle of the image, pose magnified in l)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710135/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12e–m</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FD75C447FD45F83A" box="[643,678,1900,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3613
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5F7268FCDAC447FC59F835" box="[812,954,1900,1927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-06-14">14-Jun-2015</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5F7269FC35C446FBF4FB97" country="United States of America" county="Jul" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="20" location="Aug" municipality="Aug" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
ex larvae, eclosed in 2015:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5F7268FB11C447FAFCF83A" box="[1255,1311,1900,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-4191 18-Jul, NVG-4374 2-Aug, NVG-4372 3-Aug, NVG-4568 24-Aug and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FC35C0C2FC18FBB4" box="[963,1019,1001,1030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">6♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-4206 18-
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A5E7269FB53C0C2FB2BFBB1" box="[1189,1224,1001,1027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Jul</collectingCounty>
|
||
, NVG-4373 2-
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A5E7269FA9FC0C1FA7FFBB6" box="[1385,1436,1002,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Aug</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, NVG-4391 6-
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FEA3C720FE6BFB97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FEA3C720FE6BFB97" box="[341,392,1035,1061]" country="United States of America" county="Jul" municipality="Aug" name="Aug" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Aug</location>
|
||
, NVG-4392 7-
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FDD0C727FDBAFB94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FDD0C727FDBAFB94" box="[550,601,1036,1062]" country="United States of America" county="Jul" municipality="Aug" name="Aug" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Aug</location>
|
||
, NVG-4471 13-
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FCF2C727FCDBFB94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FCF2C727FCDBFB94" box="[772,824,1036,1062]" country="United States of America" county="Jul" municipality="Aug" name="Aug" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Aug</location>
|
||
, NVG-4518 16-
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FC12C720FBF4FB97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FC12C720FBF4FB97" box="[996,1047,1035,1061]" country="United States of America" county="Jul" municipality="Aug" name="Aug" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Aug</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FBD6C727FC39FBFA" collectingDate="2015-06-28" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" latitude="26.4148" location="Roma" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0224" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FBD6C727FB86FB94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FBD6C727FB86FB94" box="[1056,1125,1036,1062]" country="United States of America" latitude="26.4148" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0224" name="Roma" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Roma</location>
|
||
, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FB50C720FB1CFB97" box="[1190,1279,1035,1061]" degrees="26.4148" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="26.4148">26.4148</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FAF1C727FA92FB94" box="[1287,1393,1036,1062]" degrees="99.0224" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-99.0224">−99.0224</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FA8DC727FECBFBFA" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2015-06-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FA8DC727FECBFBFA" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2015-06-28">28- Jun-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5E7269FEA5C705FE85FBFA" box="[339,358,1070,1096]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5E7269FE98C706FE27FBF5" box="[366,452,1069,1095]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FE0AC705FDD0FBF8" box="[508,563,1070,1098]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3831, -3834 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FCC2C705FCB4FBF8" box="[820,855,1070,1098]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3833
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FC15C705FBEAFBDB" collectingDate="2008-01-03" collectingDateMax="2008-01-06" collectingDateMin="2008-01-03" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" latitude="26.4222" location="Roma Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0307" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FC15C705FB93FBF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FC15C705FB93FBF5" box="[995,1136,1069,1096]" country="United States of America" latitude="26.4222" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0307" name="Roma Creek" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Roma Creek</location>
|
||
, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FB46C706FAE9FBF5" box="[1200,1290,1069,1095]" degrees="26.4222" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="26.4222">26.4222</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FAE5C705FA9FFBFA" box="[1299,1404,1070,1096]" degrees="99.0307" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-99.0307">−99.0307</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ex larvae, N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5E7269FEC4C77BFEA6FBD8" box="[306,325,1104,1130]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5E7269FEB9C764FE46FBDB" box="[335,421,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg., eclosed:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FDC8C77BFD83FBDE" box="[574,608,1104,1132]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-511
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FD2DC77BFCBBFBD8" box="[731,856,1104,1130]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FD2DC77BFCBBFBD8" box="[731,856,1104,1130]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-03">3-Jan-2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FC95C77BFC66FBDE" box="[867,901,1104,1132]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FC7AC764FBEAFBDB" box="[908,1033,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FC7AC764FBEAFBDB" box="[908,1033,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-06">6-Jan-2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FBE2C77BFB2BFBD8" box="[1044,1224,1104,1132]" collectingDate="2008-01-20" collectingDateMax="2008-01-06" collectingDateMin="2008-01-03" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="26.4222" location="Roma Creek" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-99.0307" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FBE2C77BFBD5FBDE" box="[1044,1078,1104,1132]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FBCBC77BFB2BFBD8" box="[1085,1224,1104,1130]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FBCBC77BFB2BFBD8" box="[1085,1224,1104,1130]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-20">20-Jan-2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; Falcon Heights, ex
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FF36C758FF36FB3C" box="[192,213,1139,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
M. Reid leg., ex ova, eclosed:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FDE9C759FDB5FB3C" box="[543,598,1138,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">8♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: 8-, NVG-514 11-, 15-, 16-, 17-, 17-, 21-,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FBD4C759FB48FB3E" box="[1058,1195,1138,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-23">23-Jan-2008</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FB17C759FAC5FB3C" box="[1249,1318,1138,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">11♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: NVG-512 9-, NVG-513 11-, 13-, 15-, 16-, 18-, 20-, NVG-517 21-, 24-, 26-,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FC7EC7BFFBF0FB1C" box="[904,1043,1172,1198]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2008-01-27">27-Jan-2008</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FBEBC7B8FA92FB62" collectingDate="1977-08-19" collectionCode="TMMC" collectorName="C. J. Durden" country="Mexico" latitude="25.36854" location="Cola de Caballo" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.1571" municipality="Santiago" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A5E7269FBEBC7B8FB93FB1F" box="[1053,1136,1171,1197]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FB8AC7BFFAEBFB1C" box="[1148,1288,1172,1198]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FAE4C7BFFAD7FB02" box="[1298,1332,1172,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
11-BOA- 15610D01
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A5E7269FECDC79EFE7FFB7D" box="[315,412,1205,1231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Santiago</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FE5DC79EFD80FB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FE5DC79EFD80FB7D" box="[427,611,1205,1231]" country="Mexico" latitude="25.36854" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.1571" municipality="Santiago" name="Cola de Caballo" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon">Cola de Caballo</location>
|
||
, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FD5FC79EFCF3FB62" box="[681,784,1205,1232]" degrees="25.36854" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="25.36854">25.36854</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FCEAC79EFC70FB62" box="[796,915,1205,1232]" degrees="100.1571" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-100.1571">−100.1571</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FC6BC79DFBD1FB62" box="[925,1074,1206,1232]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1977-08-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FC6BC79DFBD1FB62" box="[925,1074,1206,1232]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1977-08-19">19-Aug-1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5E7269FBC9C79DFB2CFB7D" box="[1087,1231,1205,1232]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">C. J. Durden</collectorName>
|
||
leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5E7269FAFBC79DFA88FB62" box="[1293,1387,1206,1232]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FA76C79DFA7FFB40" collectingDate="1980-10-13" collectionCode="TMMC" collectorName="J. Robb" country="United States of America" location="Cumbres de Monterrey National Park" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FA76C79DFA43FB60" box="[1408,1440,1206,1234]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17113A11
|
||
<locationDeviation id="44C64F522A5E7269FE8BC7FCFDB8FB40" box="[381,603,1239,1266]" location="Monterrey" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A5E7269FE8BC7FCFE58FB40" box="[381,443,1239,1266]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="60.0">60 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE Monterrey
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FD93C7F3FBE9FB40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FD93C7F3FBE9FB40" box="[613,1034,1240,1266]" country="United States of America" name="Cumbres de Monterrey National Park" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Cumbres de Monterrey National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FBE2C7F3FB47FB40" box="[1044,1188,1240,1266]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1980-10-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FBE2C7F3FB47FB40" box="[1044,1188,1240,1266]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1980-10-13">13-Oct-1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5E7269FB59C7F3FB1CFB40" box="[1199,1279,1240,1266]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">J. Robb</collectorName>
|
||
leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5E7269FACEC7F3FA75FB40" box="[1336,1430,1240,1266]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A5E7269FF49C7D1FB58FAA6" box="[191,1211,1273,1302]" collectingDate="1981-07-28" collectionCode="TMMC" collectorName="C. J. Durden" country="United States of America" location="El Salto" municipality="Maiz" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A5E7269FF49C7D1FF01FAA4" box="[191,226,1274,1302]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-15610C12
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FE53C7D1FDB2FAA6" box="[421,593,1274,1300]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">San Luis Potosi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A5E7269FDAAC7D1FD75FAA6" box="[604,662,1274,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Maiz</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A5E7269FD56C7D1FD14FAA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A597260FF36C5F2FA6FFC04:501400AB2A5E7269FD56C7D1FD14FAA6" box="[672,759,1274,1300]" country="United States of America" municipality="Maiz" name="El Salto" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi">El Salto</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A5E7269FCF7C7D1FC65FAA6" box="[769,902,1274,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1981-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A5E7269FCF7C7D1FC65FAA6" box="[769,902,1274,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="1981-07-28">28-Jul-1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A5E7269FC66C7D1FBFFFAA6" box="[912,1052,1274,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">C. J. Durden</collectorName>
|
||
leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A5E7269FBA0C7D1FB57FAA6" box="[1110,1204,1274,1300]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A5F7268FF49C6AAFB4DF9D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710135/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" startId="20.[191,267,1409,1435]" targetBox="[192,1440,213,1379]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5F7268FF49C6AAFB4DF9D7" blockId="20.[191,1440,1409,1637]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FF49C6AAFED2FA29" bold="true" box="[191,305,1409,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5F7268FEC1C6AAFE16FA29" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[311,501,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FEC1C6AAFE16FA29" box="[311,501,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FE0EC6AAFDD0FA29" bold="true" box="[504,563,1409,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A5F7268FE0EC6AAFDD0FA29" box="[504,563,1409,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in nature,USA:Texas.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FCDDC6AAFC83FA29" bold="true" box="[811,864,1409,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">a–d)</emphasis>
|
||
iNaturalist observations.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FB82C6AAFB4BFA29" bold="true" box="[1140,1192,1409,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">a–b)</emphasis>
|
||
Hidalgo Co.,BentsenRio Grande Valley State Park: 108107791♂ 27-Oct-2008 © John Rosford and 110234060♀ 25-Dec-2014 © Mark + Holly Salvato, respectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FE1CC6EFFE1CFA6C" bold="true" box="[490,511,1476,1502]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">c)</emphasis>
|
||
2090814 ♀ Uvalde Co.,Cooks Slough Nature Park, 12-Sep-2015 © Diana-Terry Hibbitts;
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FF0DC6CDFEF7F9B2" bold="true" box="[251,276,1510,1536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">d)</emphasis>
|
||
787547 ♀ Williamson Co., Liberty Hill, 16-Jul-2014 © Goolsbygirl. Some images were color-corrected and are available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/;
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FB95C52CFB7DF993" bold="true" box="[1123,1182,1543,1569]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">e–m)</emphasis>
|
||
paratype ♂ NVG-3460 at the type locality, perching in various poses under varying (natural) lighting, 31-May-2015 © Nick V. Grishin,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FA88C502FA7CF9F1" bold="true" box="[1406,1439,1577,1603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">m)</emphasis>
|
||
overall view of the perch with the paratype in the middle of the image, pose magnified in
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5F7268FB61C561FB4BF9D6" bold="true" box="[1175,1192,1610,1636]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">l)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A5E7269FF36C053FD73FC06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710137/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" startId="21.[192,268,888,914]" targetBox="[204,1423,244,837]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C053FD73FC06" blockId="21.[191,1440,888,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C053FED6FC21" bold="true" box="[192,309,888,915]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5E7269FE36C052FD61FC21" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[448,642,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FE36C052FD61FC21" box="[448,642,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FD71C052FD27FC21" bold="true" box="[647,708,889,915]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A5E7269FD71C052FD27FC21" box="[647,708,889,915]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype NVG-3422 (data in text) in different views.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FAF9C053FAC6FC20" bold="true" box="[1295,1317,888,914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">a)</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF49C0B1FF34FC06" bold="true" box="[191,215,922,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">b)</emphasis>
|
||
left posterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FE58C0B1FE20FC06" bold="true" box="[430,451,922,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">c)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FDEAC0B1FDD6FC06" bold="true" box="[540,565,922,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">d)</emphasis>
|
||
ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C60FFB0DFA8C" blockId="21.[192,1262,1315,1342]" box="[192,1262,1315,1342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C60FFEB8FA8F" bold="true" box="[192,347,1315,1342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A5E7269FF36C60FFF1AFA8C" box="[192,249,1316,1342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A5E7269FE97C60FFE7AFA8C" box="[353,409,1316,1342]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FE55C60FFE07FA8C" box="[419,484,1316,1342]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Starr Co., Roma, by the international bridge, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FBEAC60FFB96FA8C" box="[1052,1141,1316,1342]" degrees="26.4047" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="26.4047">26.4047</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A5E7269FB89C60FFB09FA8C" box="[1151,1258,1316,1342]" degrees="99.0186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-99.0186">−99.0186</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A5E7269FF36C665FCB7F9A8" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C665FE0CFA42" blockId="21.[192,1441,1358,1520]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C665FEA7FADA" bold="true" box="[192,324,1358,1384]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name honors the collector of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A5E7269FD02C665FCBBFADA" box="[756,856,1358,1384]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Qian Cong (pronounced as Tsien Tsong, hence the spelling of the species name), who pioneered genomic sequencing in our lab and developed unique protocols to obtain whole genome shotgun datasets of historical specimens in collections regardless of their age. Without her contributions, this and all other genomics studies by our group would have been simply impossible. The name is a noun in the genitive case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C6D4FCB7F9A8" blockId="21.[192,852,1535,1562]" box="[192,852,1535,1562]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C6D4FE85F9A8" bold="true" box="[192,358,1535,1562]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">English name.</emphasis>
|
||
Qian’s flasher, pronounced as Tsien’s flasher.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A5E7260FF36C501FA6FFC04" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C501FA42F9F6" blockId="21.[192,1441,1578,1604]" box="[192,1441,1578,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C501FEB8F9F6" bold="true" box="[192,347,1578,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern Texas and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A5E7269FDB5C501FD7BF9F6" box="[579,664,1578,1604]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, currently confirmed in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FBC7C501FB59F9F6" box="[1073,1210,1578,1604]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FB06C501FA7FF9F6" box="[1264,1436,1578,1604]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">San Luis Potosí</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C57FFE8FF966" blockId="21.[191,1442,1620,1748]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C57FFDB3F9DC" bold="true" box="[192,592,1620,1646]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Caterpillar foodplant and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A5E7269FD8EC57FFD5AF9DC" box="[632,697,1620,1646]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we are aware of a single caterpillar foodplant, which is Coyotillo:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5E7269FF37C55DFCCFF922" authority="(Schult.) Zucc." authorityName="Zucc." baseAuthorityName="Schult." box="[193,812,1654,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Karwinskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF37C55DFE3CF922" box="[193,479,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Karwinskia humboldtiana</emphasis>
|
||
(Schult.) Zucc. (Rhamnaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FCCCC55DFC25F922" box="[826,966,1654,1680]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[192,268,1384,1410]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-230@22.[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007. a, b, d) Karwinskia humboldtiana, a) growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition, b) flowers, c) shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages, d) enlarged leaves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710139/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14a,b, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plants growing in the open are not widely utilized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FED7C5B3FE9FF900" box="[289,380,1688,1714]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[192,268,1384,1410]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-230@22.[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007. a, b, d) Karwinskia humboldtiana, a) growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition, b) flowers, c) shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages, d) enlarged leaves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710139/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
) and plants in the shaded areas, frequently on the slopes and near water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FB46C5B3FAE8F900" box="[1200,1291,1688,1714]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[192,268,1384,1410]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-230@22.[192,1440,213,1357]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007. a, b, d) Karwinskia humboldtiana, a) growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition, b) flowers, c) shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages, d) enlarged leaves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710139/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
), are selected for oviposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5E7269FF36C5CFFC9BF834" blockId="21.[192,1441,1764,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FF36C5CFFE38F94C" bold="true" box="[192,475,1764,1790]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Life history and rearing.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs are glued singly or in small numbers to the underside of fully opened leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5E7269FA71C5CEFEB8F892" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Karwinskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5E7269FA71C5CEFEB8F892" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">K. humboldtiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in the shade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FDACC42DFD31F892" box="[602,722,1798,1824]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 16b, d</figureCitation>
|
||
), both on small plants near the ground, or on older plants above 2 meters. Caterpillars go through five instars and live in shelters they build from leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FB51C403FB14F8F0" box="[1191,1271,1832,1858]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5E7269FAF2C403FAC9F8F0" box="[1284,1322,1832,1858]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">19j</figureCitation>
|
||
), in which they pupate. We have found all caterpillar instars and pupal exuviae in nature, but to document the life history, we reared this species from oviposition by females in captivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A5D726AFF36C643FA83FA77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710139/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" startId="22.[192,268,1384,1410]" targetBox="[192,1440,213,1357]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5D726AFF36C643FA83FA77" blockId="22.[192,1441,1384,1478]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFF36C643FED4FA30" bold="true" box="[192,311,1384,1410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5D726AFD20C643FC79FA30" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[726,922,1384,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFD20C643FC79FA30" box="[726,922,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFC57C643FC3DFA30" bold="true" box="[929,990,1384,1410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A5D726AFC57C643FC3DFA30" box="[929,990,1384,1410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFECDC6A1FEABFA16" bold="true" box="[315,328,1418,1444]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFEA2C6A1FE80FA16" bold="true" box="[340,355,1418,1444]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFE99C6A2FE6AFA11" bold="true" box="[367,393,1417,1443]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">d)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5D726AFE78C6A1FD4EFA16" box="[398,685,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Karwinskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFE78C6A1FD4EFA16" box="[398,685,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Karwinskia humboldtiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFD4FC6A2FD33FA11" bold="true" box="[697,720,1417,1443]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">a)</emphasis>
|
||
growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFADCC6A2FAA0FA11" bold="true" box="[1322,1347,1417,1443]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">b)</emphasis>
|
||
flowers,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFF36C680FF36FA77" bold="true" box="[192,213,1451,1477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">c)</emphasis>
|
||
shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5D726AFB67C680FB48FA77" bold="true" box="[1169,1195,1451,1477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">d)</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5D726AFEF6C6D1FE7FF834" blockId="22.[191,1442,1530,1926]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Coyotillo branches with cut ends wrapped into moist paper towel and covered with foil to prevent evaporation were secured with scotch tape near the bottom of a plastic transparent container in a manner to create enough space for the female to move around but block it from freely reaching the bottom. When this container is turned over (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5D726AFE9AC574FE2AF9C8" box="[364,457,1631,1658]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[191,267,760,786]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetId="figure-605@23.[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Inducing oviposition in a captive female of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co. a) a plastic container with a female on the caterpillar foodplant Karwinskia humboldtiana, 27-Oct-2007, b) many eggs obtained and c) the female feeding on sugar solution, 4-Nov-2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Fig. 15a</figureCitation>
|
||
), the female typically ends up sitting on the leaves after each brief flight. Placed under a lamp to emulate bright day conditions and provide heat, the female failed to oviposit after several days. However, many eggs were obtained (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5D726AFE1CC589FDA4F90F" box="[490,583,1698,1725]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[191,267,760,786]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetId="figure-605@23.[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Inducing oviposition in a captive female of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co. a) a plastic container with a female on the caterpillar foodplant Karwinskia humboldtiana, 27-Oct-2007, b) many eggs obtained and c) the female feeding on sugar solution, 4-Nov-2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Fig. 15b</figureCitation>
|
||
) when the container with the female was moved for an hour (checked every 15 min to prevent overheating) into a car parked outside, partly in the shade provided by trees. The temperature inside the car nevertheless reached 110°F and possibly beyond. This procedure was repeated daily for a week, and the female fed every other day with a diluted sugar (sucrose) solution absorbed by a piece of paper towel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5D726AFA82C42CFF08F8F6" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[191,267,760,786]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetId="figure-605@23.[194,1442,213,730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Inducing oviposition in a captive female of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co. a) a plastic container with a female on the caterpillar foodplant Karwinskia humboldtiana, 27-Oct-2007, b) many eggs obtained and c) the female feeding on sugar solution, 4-Nov-2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Fig. 15c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proboscis needed to be uncoiled by an insect pin (female held by wings) and dipped into the moist towel to initiate feeding. After this forced initiation, a grip on the female wings was released and she continued to feed for several minutes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A5C726BFF49C1D3FC6BFCE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710141/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" startId="23.[191,267,760,786]" targetBox="[194,1442,213,730]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C726BFF49C1D3FC6BFCE4" blockId="23.[191,1440,760,854]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFF49C1D3FED6FCA0" bold="true" box="[191,309,760,786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Inducing oviposition in a captive female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5C726BFCE8C1D3FC03FCA0" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[798,992,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsongae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFCE8C1D3FC03FCA0" box="[798,992,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Telegonus tsongae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFC11C1D3FBC6FCA0" bold="true" box="[999,1061,760,786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A5C726BFC11C1D3FBC6FCA0" box="[999,1061,760,786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, USA: Texas, Starr Co.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFADEC1D3FADCFCA0" bold="true" box="[1320,1343,760,786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">a)</emphasis>
|
||
a plastic container with a female on the caterpillar foodplant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A5C726BFCE7C031FBD3FC86" box="[785,1072,794,820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Karwinskia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFCE7C031FBD3FC86" box="[785,1072,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Karwinskia humboldtiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 27-Oct-2007,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFB2DC032FB10FC81" bold="true" box="[1243,1267,793,819]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">b)</emphasis>
|
||
many eggs obtained and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A5C726BFECBC010FEB1FCE7" bold="true" box="[317,338,827,853]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">c)</emphasis>
|
||
the female feeding on sugar solution, 4-Nov-2007.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C726BFEF6C0A0FE55FB6B" blockId="23.[191,1443,906,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Eggs are white, dome-shaped, nearly spherical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFCF8C0A1FC6BFC16" box="[782,904,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
), develop 5-7 days, and turn orange-brown (caterpillar head and body showing through the transparent shell) before hatching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFBC5C086FB6CFC75" box="[1075,1167,941,967]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hatched caterpillar is yellow with brown-orange head and black collar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFCF1C0E4FC60FC5B" box="[775,899,975,1001]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A5C726BFCCCC0E4FC87FC5B" box="[826,868,975,1001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); it crawls to a leaf edge and starts feeding. Caterpillar becomes greenish-yellow upon feeding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFD29C0DAFCAFFBB9" box="[735,844,1009,1035]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17i, j</figureCitation>
|
||
) and starts building a shelter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFB53C0DAFAE6FBB9" box="[1189,1285,1009,1035]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17k</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two narrow cuts are chewed out from the leaf with a leaf segment between them several times wider than a caterpillar. Then, a silk pad is made at the base of this segment between the two cuts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFC46C71DFBECFBE2" box="[944,1039,1078,1104]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16h</figureCitation>
|
||
). As silk threads contract with time, they folds the leaf segment (with the caterpillar on it) over and place it on top of the rest of the leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFADCC773FF2AFB26" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16e, f, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). When the tip of the segment comes close to the leaf surface, the caterpillar secures it to the leaf with silk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFA82C751FF07FB04" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[192,268,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[254,1377,213,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-15@24.[254,1377,210,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b’) and d’); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710143/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16j</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow 2). All shelters we observed were folded over the upper surface of the leaf, with lower surface of the leaf segment exposed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C726BFEF6C7CAFDF1F9BF" blockId="23.[191,1443,906,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The second-instar caterpillar is darker, olive-green, with yellow-green dots in rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFB6FC7CAFAF1FB49" box="[1177,1298,1249,1275]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-93@25.[235,1397,218,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710145/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17q–z</figureCitation>
|
||
). By the next molt, a central yellow crossband on each segment develops in addition to the dots, and this band is clearly defined in the third instar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFE67C60EFDE8FA8D" box="[401,523,1317,1343]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[191,267,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-15@26.[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Late instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–d) 3rd instar, e–h) 4th instar. a) 16-Nov, b, c, d) 18-Nov, e) 19-Nov, h) 20-Nov, f) 23-Nov, g) 28-Nov, i) 3-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710147/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides the yellow band, the growing third instar gains a narrow white crossband on each segment and loses yellow-green dots. The ventral side and the distal part of the last abdominal segment become red. The fourth instar is black above, red beneath, and each segment with yellow and white bands, mostly narrower or broken in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFDBEC6A7FD27FA14" box="[584,708,1420,1446]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[191,267,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-15@26.[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Late instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–d) 3rd instar, e–h) 4th instar. a) 16-Nov, b, c, d) 18-Nov, e) 19-Nov, h) 20-Nov, f) 23-Nov, g) 28-Nov, i) 3-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710147/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18e–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head brown-red, covered with setae. The fifth and final instar is similar, but setae on the head more extensive and longer, and the head is larger comparatively to the body, which is covered in sparse white very fine setae (Fig. 119a–i). Head darker in the middle and with 3 paler longitudinal stripes on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFE5EC6D8FDE5F9BF" box="[424,518,1523,1549]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[192,268,706,732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetId="figure-531@28.[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Ultimate (5th) instar caterpillar of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a) head in anterodorsal view, b) ♂ c) ♀ 8th segment in dorsal view, a pair of orange testes seen through in ♂, d) last segments in dorsal view; a, d) 25-Dec, the same individual; b–c) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710151/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C726BFEF6C53DFBFAF90B" blockId="23.[191,1443,906,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Out of several dozen caterpillars, both wild-collected and reared from eggs, only this color morph was observed, without variation, although the width of yellow bands in the last two instars varied somewhat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFA81C513FEEBF9C6" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[191,267,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-15@26.[221,1408,218,1836]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Late instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–d) 3rd instar, e–h) 4th instar. a) 16-Nov, b, c, d) 18-Nov, e) 19-Nov, h) 20-Nov, f) 23-Nov, g) 28-Nov, i) 3-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710147/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18e–h</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFEE7C571FEB0F9C6" box="[273,339,1626,1652]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">19a–i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male caterpillars can be distinguished from females by testes seen through the skin of the 8
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A5C726BFAA8C571FA8FF9DA" attach="left" box="[1374,1388,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">th</superScript>
|
||
segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFEF1C557FE85F924" box="[263,358,1660,1686]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[192,268,706,732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetId="figure-531@28.[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Ultimate (5th) instar caterpillar of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a) head in anterodorsal view, b) ♂ c) ♀ 8th segment in dorsal view, a pair of orange testes seen through in ♂, d) last segments in dorsal view; a, d) 25-Dec, the same individual; b–c) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710151/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The testes appear as a doublet of orange-red oval bodies in the middle of the segment. In females, the middle area of the 8
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A5C726BFE3EC5B5FE35F91E" attach="left" box="[456,470,1694,1708]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">th</superScript>
|
||
segment around the yellow band is black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFC59C5B5FBEFF90B" box="[943,1036,1694,1721]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[192,268,706,732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetId="figure-531@28.[192,1440,213,676]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Ultimate (5th) instar caterpillar of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a) head in anterodorsal view, b) ♂ c) ♀ 8th segment in dorsal view, a pair of orange testes seen through in ♂, d) last segments in dorsal view; a, d) 25-Dec, the same individual; b–c) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710151/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C726BFEF6C5EAFC5AF8D6" blockId="23.[191,1443,906,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The prepupal caterpillar builds a roomy shelter for pupation, with extra space needed for the wing cases to expand significantly in the pupa for it to form properly. A Y-shaped girdle supports the prepupa resting on it and hooked by the last pair of legs to the silk pad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFD47C42EFCEBF8AD" box="[689,776,1797,1823]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19j</figureCitation>
|
||
). It appears that the lack of contact with the leaf in a prepupa suspended this way is important for pupation and proper expansion of wing cases, because damage to the girdle sometimes resulted in asymmetrical pupae with reduced wing cases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A5C7260FEF6C447FA6FFC04" blockId="23.[191,1443,906,1927]" lastBlockId="28.[191,1440,853,950]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The freshly formed pupa turns brown with orange dorsal stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A5C726BFC27C447FBCEF834" box="[977,1069,1900,1926]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19k</figureCitation>
|
||
) that partly fade within a day and the pupa develops white bloom covering its entire surface except around the spiracles and some joints (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A577260FACAC07EFA70FCDD" box="[1340,1427,853,879]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[258,1374,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Ultimate instar caterpillars and pupa of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–i) 5th instar caterpillar, j) prepupa, k) pupa within an hour of molting of the caterpillar shown in j), l) the same pupa with developed white bloom several hours after molting; a–c) 28-Nov, the same individual, d) 3-Dec, e, i. 9-Dec, the same individual, f) 16-Dec, j) 17-Dec, k) 18-Dec, g, l) 19 Dec; h) 30-Dec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710149/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Fig. 19l</figureCitation>
|
||
). This bloom is a very fine powder that can be rubbed off the pupa upon the slightest touch. Removal of the bloom, typical of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A577260FE84C0B7FE12FC04" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[370,497,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eudaminae">Eudaminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupae, did not affect pupal development in captivity. Pupae eclosed in 15–17 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |