379 lines
48 KiB
XML
379 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="513C0C6DB9CE031A1EDD628F3ACEE44D">The genus Litophyton Forskal, 1775 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) in the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BFC47600820BCF20407F414DC3A5233">van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="293292B39DA56C80067AADD41D7D1384">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="643BB2776E50ABF901B584B11A17B844">567</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6ACB4AA22B18BD2EC3CF0E6614115B42">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="286A2F6F63794799ED9ABCFEBF61C119" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.567.7212</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C63BBAC0A3AFDAF30FEA1E35B0AAA4EE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C63BBAC0A3AFDAF30FEA1E35B0AAA4EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C63BBAC0A3AFDAF30FEA1E35B0AAA4EE" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="37AFAABE9FAD50FDAF25CC0D38F92CB0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7976FEC697CCFF7B3D7986F68153788A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Nephtheidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1906B1360BF6D2768C49C80157D39D8F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="2A17C714939645BA987E7EEB0B08D4FC" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="877EAC9A85A99DD89BA9846B9EBC8D4D" ID-CoL="3VMDF" authority="May, 1898" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1898" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis (May, 1898)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1F, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0DD06495695638C21B3C04910B14C18F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="11C0D441A4E7B8FE3166D10C1301DAC8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4D2078F579218FFDD8F884F7D2742D6C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Ammothea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammothea viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Ammothea viridis</taxonomicName>
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May, 1898: 33 (Muemba Island; East Africa);
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<bibRefCitation id="8FDFCE74E9FF6D3893B8D1CCD3AA9434" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jenaischen Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaft" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 180" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen." volume="33" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 139, pl. 2 fig. 23, pl. 5 figs 11
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||
<normalizedToken id="C06754684E338BD320DC8A00D8859EE1" originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="354899BF9DF7D17D40EF005DFD874EAE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B8274EC41057842743F090781EA3263" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viridis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophytum viridis</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="1E1937632D702407C9127742B38F9845" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
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||
<normalizedToken id="83665B9E9662BB8643CED545AEFE479C" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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||
1903
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 115 (May's, type + Baui Island; East Africa).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="784EB68DFF2B184F47109DEDF4F211AC" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="22CEFD6A9D9366BE37BFF45D52B4DA87" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C12D93B5D4176DD1AE28026B561F41C" author="Ofwegen, LP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 154" title="Notes on Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from Tanzania." volume="66" year="1992">Ofwegen and Benayahu 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 140 (Tanzania).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0D7913073CE6BF53B3E0042E4EA94C81" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F1E925988CAED45C9202D783B1DAE1C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
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Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="776709011071D69BC59974DE830116D0" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viride" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viride">Litophytum viride</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6652A7E9983AF3054EAA024738B773BE" author="Roule, L" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="161 - 194" title="Alcyonaires d'Amboine." volume="16" year="1908">Roule 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 172 (Ambon);
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<bibRefCitation id="5B046337322F42AFC0F2A6355BD27385" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Leiden" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 75" title="Illustrated trilingual glossary of morphological and anatomical terms applied to Octocorallia" year="1983">Bayer et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 17 fig. 121 (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D4D37CEB89FE0EA4CAE031D8702BD94" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton arboreum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">Litophyton arboreum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="A70BFA872ACEF61A1A77E408E9CA7B41" originalValue="Forskål">Forskal</normalizedToken>
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||
, 1775).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7DB9D64E90BF26B24E7AE18BB3D8A706" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="706256586FE888EC51C2DC53B3C8D71F" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3830E9F6FBA2B915FB86040828BF0E4C" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viridis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophytum viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="ADE0CAE3A55B97400E36BB8DC298404D" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Siboga Expedition monographs" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 227" title="The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea." volume="13 d" year="1931">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 70 (Indonesia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E8FDB256F7909D30A6F68E4AF586D27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F81337C11B262243BD94E2D5D27D144F" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28BABE5AA24908B682D813A767E27C7A" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC7CA379E92B1023111D650ABA9AC490" author="Tursch, B" journalOrPublisher="Pure & Applied Chemistry" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" title="Some recent developments in the chemistry of alcyonaceans." url="10.1351/pac197648010001" volume="48" year="1976">Tursch 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2 (Indonesia, Moluccas, Leti island);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A95E1DCCFBACB9281E71A6BB244B87A" author="Bortolotto, M" journalOrPublisher="Steroids" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="159 - 164" title="Chemical studies of marine inverteberates. XXIX. 4 a-methyl- 3 b, 8 b-dihydrxy- 5 a-ergost- 24 (28) - en- 23 - one, a novel polyoxygenated sterol from the soft coral Litophytonviridis (Coelenterata, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)." url="10.1016/0039-128X(77)90077-0" volume="30" year="1977">Bortolotto et al. 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 159 (Indonesia, Sunda islands).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F27D1B3DA9FC8CBE74E586FD63EDFD5E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9A099AB8D0E171799B57DF5D73D4A7" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Ammothea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammothea stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Ammothea stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
May, 1898: 34 (East-Africa);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB301EA97BDF103805C9CBFEFB56E116" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jenaischen Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaft" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 180" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen." volume="33" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 140, pl. 3 fig. 25.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940FADC5CC434C8F9B211167A2C610AD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48A486490B2882B04B04EE175C07E3DA" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum stuhlmanni" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophytum stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="010781003A02A734467E62285AA2417F" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87E14793D0246D17E24CA9478768A5E5" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
1903
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 116 (re-examination of May's, types).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="19E16A624A9BDD9761616DA30814FAE0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86454EF522168447A2A101651FC5AFE3" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF5EA232B5032FFBF0A7043159284361" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum stuhlmanni" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophytum stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CFF4297CE881261E033C312E7D8E6D51" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Siboga Expedition monographs" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 227" title="The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea." volume="13 d" year="1931">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 70, pl. 23 fig. 9 (Indonesia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D1FFAB46892FA4596A61981B49CF07D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4630B3EB1C068C6F3F86849AAE9CEAB8" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC9869976990D0DCFE2304D4BDE6B49B" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BEF13152259F3F8104C8E901F2CE57C0" author="Tixier-Durivault, A" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers du Pacifique" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="115 - 236" title="Les octocoralliaires de Nha-Trang (Viet-Nam)." volume="14" year="1970 a">Tixier-Durivault 1970a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223 (Vietnam).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="64E91F859E93525F5F1A272A9AD53FA4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF4D480144C0B643420893C8EBD77424" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Ammothea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammothea sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Ammothea sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
May, 1899: 141, pl. 3 fig. 26, pl. 5 fig. 12 (Zanzibar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8323DA5E0CC85DED3EFC458477D2FD45" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C3D2C50993F0F18193E402933E3FB4B" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum sanderi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophytum sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8282777C542A896170F223234C201331" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="054DF4B94C13C29D7F5685196209E372" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
1903
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 119 (re-examination of May's, type).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20CA4CE0E403A7C9BF578E056B1B121D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCB4719E424B76550F0429C34FF8AEA" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophyton sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Verseveldt and Benayahu 1983: 4 (Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, 40-45 m, leg. Ch. Lewinsohn; listed only).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E84558C7AC92A66667620D7C7CE25DC" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FA94EA71AF547A709CA98424DD8D5CF" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum crosslandi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophytum crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thomson & McQueen, 1908: 56 (Red Sea, Coral reef of Khor Delaweb, 3-4 feet).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DBBE4B57FB2EBCB4908BF6A1EB3C3DE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C7524CC2527D76A87BC0B6DDD0B9B13" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum acutifolium" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophytum acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E568B3AEF49AA8FADCF8DC3258E1849D" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1913: 12, fig. 1, pl. 1 fig. 1 (Egyptian Red Sea coast, Berenice);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="85BDED86AD7F31DFFA00BE1AF72E67CD" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in the cnidarian sub-class Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">McFadden et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70710BDAF0F7B548BE593F6654FB9AE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18646557A007E926DBB2FB25C419AFFE" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C685234A06F32AE67E38F617FF545ABE" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59D2EE30F3787E726F092E930144ED3C" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" title="Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from the Red Sea, with a discussion of a new Sinularia species from Ceylon." volume="23" year="1974 b">Verseveldt 1974b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25, figs 19-18 (Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA2291AF94D96BDCDC1BCAA7E084FC4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acuticonicum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuticonicum">Litophyton acuticonicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9B868882A95BE3E65DD4924F5372DF5" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="303 - 307" title="On two new Sinularia species (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Moluccas." volume="50" year="1977 b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 303 (Gunung Api, Banda Is., Indonesia; 1978: 50 (Palau).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22E2DCEBED083ED490DF736BD2CFB0E7" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4C0D86B0B1908663177B5523470B6F1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3EAE458C3B2B01244E61F8ADBDB2241" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
ZMH C2396, syntype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA90E60320F441D4F11FA9E3D7F28F8E" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viridis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophytum viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Stuhlmann Id. 1889;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B951FB1011170417790471104101380D" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" title="Die von Dr. Stuhlmann im Jahre 1889 gesammelten ostafrikanischen Alcyonaceen des Hamburger Museums." volume="15" year="1898">May 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1EFA66EEE3B3D7435564D0A2C66E0563" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1902; Sansibar, Insel Baui; ZMH C2397, syntype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A5F83744443E218D21F62BF9DEA0B14" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viridis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophytum viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Stuhlmann Id. 1889;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="046C4795E3C1D302FDE63BAF34754B66" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" title="Die von Dr. Stuhlmann im Jahre 1889 gesammelten ostafrikanischen Alcyonaceen des Hamburger Museums." volume="15" year="1898">May 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA9ED880B0629BFA10AAF4E34496DE0D" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1902; Sansibar, Insel Muemba; ZMB 6709, 6710, syntypes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7A93FF8A4524E7C4436D0B4A7BF9D6B" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum viridis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophytum viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(May), Sansibar, Stuhlmann leg.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C00EF7FCE2C96AC8C6A1223FFAFD7B1" originalValue="Kükth">Kuekth</normalizedToken>
|
||
det. 1902, Breslau, not registered as type material (see remarks); ZMH C2391, syntype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4044DB399A33DCABD9354EBC3C265E8" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Ammothea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammothea stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Ammothea stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ZMH C2390, holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61D811124B806FEFE96BAA25BAD00AD8" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Ammothea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammothea sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Ammothea sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BM 1933.3.13.193, holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ED770557946B4D556849B2833C5EDC9" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum crosslandi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophytum crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; NHMW C2347, part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="662DF883905B0C4F8E0D9841A27062EB" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum acutifolium" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophytum acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ZMB 6682, part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B93528678B2EE09BFA0B7DEC59A6BB87" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum acutifolium" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophytum acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ZMB 6683, part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5B6DEBCA1EFF24275CA3F2563924A73" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum acutifolium" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophytum acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
; RMNH 18916, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4A2DE7778161860E351C6552B52E556" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Ofwegen and Benayahu, 1992, Tanzania, off Dar es Salaam, Funguyasini Island, leeward slope, coll. J.N. Nyanda; ZMTAU NS 1711, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Dahab, coll. L. Fishelson, 13 September 1967; ZMTAU Co 25968, Red Sea, South tip Sinai Ras um Sud Temple, 26 March 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26107 3131, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Tawilla Is., depth 6-10 m, 24 September 1989, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26193, Red Sea, Tiran Isl., depth 4 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 15 March 1981; ZMTAU Co 26196, Red Sea, Tiran Island, depth 4 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 15 March 1981; ZMTAU Co 26197, Red Sea, Gulf of Eilat
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5EB0FC372B2C34637A87A281DCB10216" originalValue="“Fjord”">"Fjord"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, depth 2-3 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 16 April 1979; ZMTAU Co 26199, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Dahab southern oasis, depth 4 m, 4 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26204, Red Sea, Strait of Tiran, South of Ras Nazrani, 7 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26222, Red Sea, Marsa Murach, south of Eilat, 23 July 1968, coll. L. Fishelson; ZMTAU Co 26241, Red Sea, Tiran Is. Favel bay lagoon, depth 1-2 m, 22 September 1981, coll. Kerman; ZMTAU Co 26242, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, south Muqeibla, coll. Y. Benayahu, 30 March 1976; ZMTAU Co 34114 Red Sea, Gulf of
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CC569C32B1A8384B60E09FE642D0A5D8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Aqaba</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Elat,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E063AA2822F482A7B4721E716DCC9751" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.502333">29°30.14'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C941B40905C4B14459EB186B9AA14C56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="34.917915">34°55.075'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth 10.7-12.2 m, 24 July 2007, coll. Y. Benayahu;?ZMTAU Co 26243, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez Ras Gahra, 27 September 1974, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 28591 (E220), Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, Madut, depth 3 m, 16 October 1993, coll. Y. Benayahu;?ZMTAU 32941, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, between Nocra Is. and Dahlak Is., southern entrance to the channel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B5E55E025251308766AA5B4BF42E40E1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.689333">15°41.36'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="606CA7A882E9BBBE0584B87586E7C639" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="39.934666">39°56.08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth 0-5 m, 14 February 2005, coll. Y. Benayahu;?ZMTAU Co 33091, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Elat, marine lab, IUI reef, May 2005, coll. Y. Benayahu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4167C7C21B3F17A0F9674181CFE4EDBA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="removed from the species">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC497174B565F07AA6BC7713539C72EC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Removed from the species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE40F7CDB9FE2303129B7FD4F09D93F0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
RMNH 11835, identified by Verseveldt as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10E944EECFDBEBBAEB0B00E46BB6F0CA" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Banda Isl., depth 10 m; RMNH 12836, identified by Verseveldt as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF3D86470773C980DEAB0D687F6947C1" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Palau Isl, depth 15 ft; RMNH 12839, identified by Verseveldt as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96687D2A794A58A6AB65FF2269044EFF" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Palau Isl.; RMNH Coel. 11940, identified by Verseveldt as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEEA91DF7D0C6D46812BCEAEF3A65435" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Indonesia, Moluccas, S of Obi, Poelau Gomumu,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AAFA126E546E0A9C850C190C1E3EE63" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.8333333">1°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CB3C3D9F94FACF3205D5721F4F5A253A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.5125">127°30'45"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth 3 m, 30 May 1975, coll. A.G. Humes, 1990 R/V "Alpha Helix".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09D182DF1BD187B4758ABF397A5AB563" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DEBB2E9F82EC12DCE0467CEF822930DB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D4EFEA4F50FA93D0AC114F7AE9E257D4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colonies flabby, end lobes finger-like. Polyps with irregularly arranged, smooth rodlets adaxially and spiny rodlets abaxially; these rodlets are up to 0.1 mm long. Sometimes a few spindles are also present in the polyp stalk; sometimes the polyps are unarmed. Surface base of stalk with radiates, derivatives of these, and unilateral spinose spindles, the latter up to 0.5 mm long; many with side branches. Interior base of stalk with spindles up to 1 mm long; they can have side branches.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="641BB255DD44CA2175B0A85D997D3CC7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="re-description of syntype zmh c2396">
|
||
<paragraph id="506A24BC75F77D87687778177298C50E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Re-description of syntype ZMH C2396.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A98386EA726A7F71A4E7F97708F8F57" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colony flabby, 10.5 cm long and 7 cm wide (Figure 83A). Catkins finger-like.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94206F2E842E82B0AC57310133709994" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Polyps and branches. Without sclerites (Figure 87A).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4898BB59547F3F55A13678A676D58F7D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Surface layer top of stalk. Capstans, spindles and unilateral spinose spindles; all with closely set tubercles; length up to 0.15 mm (Figure 87B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD2C926544CC76091A04074E35A6EA85" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Surface layer base of stalk. Capstans, spindles and branched spindles; the spindles up to 0.85 mm long (Figure 87C).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="873EE527FD97918F6ADBF6BC7BBC4C62" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Interior base of stalk. Spindles with widely placed simple tubercles (Figure 87D); the spindles can be branched or have side branches.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B2AF6E2402AC26C380DE1812665BD0E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colour of colony. Cream.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="74304C12EAF0420E8D04C70614D2B555" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D67B2A00062FEEFC9DBA54E589631EDD" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C576018BA2D8B0023DB6E7EBCDFB2BD" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Red Sea, East Africa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF8354044FB0245E88900BD8E4875F90" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4FA5898A9BEF73094BE4C8BD2C11A00F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56EC1F2E78D432E25AD5BD236489EB2C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Syntype ZMH C2397 (Figures 83B, 88) shows more cone-shaped catkins, in all other characters it agrees with ZMH C2396.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4DCEF89B2AB9C3F4450577CE6913A6BA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DEEC8FCAD47599BC831034467A94458C" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" title="Die von Dr. Stuhlmann im Jahre 1889 gesammelten ostafrikanischen Alcyonaceen des Hamburger Museums." volume="15" year="1898">May (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned three specimens. Only two are present in the ZMH, ZMB 6709 and ZMB 6710 probably represent the missing ZMH specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC16A5F65AD5426B3E87A4FE13397A20" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC42BFA3AE149D9B611F2395FEAD8D10" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1903)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined one of May's, specimens and a specimen collected by Voeltzkow from the Island Baui. As the labels of the ZMB material mention Stuhlmann leg., the same as May's, material I assume I am here dealing with May's, material. ZMB 6709 and ZMB 6710 are not registered as type material and therefore they were not photographed, although a fragment of the top of ZMB 6710 was re-examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05804D4658800F354C8BEACFF2EAA6D1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="140A044D0330A6A14C1592AE659CF482" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7B7DC3F235D09DA18D5B2A90485B8D8" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4300158E9E7DE07450C586E1C27DE4E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C3B5AC68DB5B85DFE6A78FBBB5865E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophyton crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D65DF8C95E4932119A2A532D68C6AC7" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophyton sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF235E1A2F1C42CB85188DF44F12D11F" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only based on the polyps, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3001BD5627E87DDBFECE9B19E82A709A" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
having no sclerites at all, while the other four species have few sclerites in the polyps. I regard the polyps without sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D665E5320AA67C3071B1C6D55FBD2C5" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
an extreme case of a species with a few sclerites in the polyps and synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C801C68B542CE41CAA45F9B838EE7219" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="883F095DA5D25F2351A5EEE30DFA197A" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophyton crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA397EA6BB90118B18D415BC5F2F4793" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophyton sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D398C4EA862BE81D59061BF88991D" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A7AF25D1E214C80A34667465CFD7D05" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="541D569E2E10E2F32B99EDEE33D9B579" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A84E4B8E9357A28161683A400BD375D" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" title="Die von Dr. Stuhlmann im Jahre 1889 gesammelten ostafrikanischen Alcyonaceen des Hamburger Museums." volume="15" year="1898">May (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A30BBBF31D6157FEE0F02A177B76A2E4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the specimen examined, ZMH C2391 (Figures 84, 89) is different from the one depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57BD861FD7288D4F211DBD190BBA3E0F" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jenaischen Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaft" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 180" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen." volume="33" year="1899">May (1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 3 fig. 25).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="111324CCA5C17129201AB262BB99C57A" author="May, W" journalOrPublisher="Jenaischen Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaft" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 180" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen." volume="33" year="1899">May (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F637524F36E4C4AFBD9E5FFF799EBD2" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E53FA0A4A62B06AC3857D149FBA1BB8" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1903)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who re-examined May's, material, described the polyps as being devoid of sclerites. I assume that both missed the polyp sclerites hidden in detritus inside the polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3537C5E64FE783A56F7B802DD832C72F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Apart from being much smaller (Figure 83C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB2FD628F6F056B27F563198A8967B83" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophyton sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12D0DCE2234D833F35190B3E46BA8F64" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E38E4A19FDD392CC98948AD52A754864" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5399A7C7648EBFE9AE1EB06C1CFA645E" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1903)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already recognized this close resemblance but kept the species separate because he could not find any sclerites in the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2039A3C6B923849234456453EC3D9330" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For comparison the sclerites of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="262EEA01A1E87B3B84E0DAA03412D6AC" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton sanderi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanderi">Litophyton sanderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are depicted (Figures 90-91). The small sclerite differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EE308A8FB05101F57B36CAB821AED35" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton stuhlmanni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">Litophyton stuhlmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
I consider to be intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37FD5BE842D7E3DEB1544BE365CF24BA" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The colony fragment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A12638414EEB826C70B854DA296A01BF" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton crosslandi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophyton crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in the Natural History Museum (BM 1933.3.13.193) is only part of the colony originally described. The total length of the fragment is 5.3 cm (Figure 83D; notes of Verseveldt) while Thomson and McQueen mentioned branches up to 13 cm long. The two microscope slides examined only show sclerites found in the top of their colony (Figure 92). Some polyps of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319CA9F0D6F5099BA542DB3C796F773D" genus="Litophytum" lsidName="Litophytum crosslandi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="crosslandi">Litophytum crosslandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
also show the "ring of slerites in the tentacle basis" mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6505A53B047D60DDDE6D74ABB676E250" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 33" title="Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres. Expeditionen S. M. Schiff " Pola " in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse 29." volume="89" year="1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="363E5EB54711EE035F62C8EF41EAF01D" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1913)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74746D6F8BD8D2D2BF2B870CF291CABD" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="708F791DEFA35A8515062863E1519034" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0247E171484F832775706DBAA215291" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEC663C3F8ECAE84ECAE1249016BBDA7" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1913: pl. 1 fig. 1) was cut into pieces, and these are now stored as ZMB 6682, ZMB 6683 (Figure 85B), and NHMW C2347 (Figure 85A). For comparison the sclerites of ZMB 6683 and some of those of NHMW C2347 are depicted (Figures 93-95). The small sclerite differences noted are considered to be intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB93B58EF5CDFB839433A9147544AF3A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
ZMTAU Co 32941 and 33091 are only fragments of the top of colonies, the flabby nature of the fragments together with the sclerites matching those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1AA6DBE11017ED8D8F3511EAC1397C2" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
made me identify them as this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33FF75FF184E25DD33781FA27B54458F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
ZMTAU Co 34114 (previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA08AA67A989E8C7254A57CEBA4E750" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
by me) has been used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A58F9DF95CEA04F77BB1CFD2C5035A01" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in the cnidarian sub-class Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">McFadden et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for their molecular study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE8221B95016E8028534D70B379F006E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ZMTAU 26193 (Figure 86) is used for presenting SEM images of sclerites (Figures 96-97).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63BE4B6812EBFBD446CABED3641B4D36" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2994667B12C11DC98D9B24C2F5F52ADE" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton maldivensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maldivensis">Litophyton maldivensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA7B1EEE00283E4B89305EA1688B3B4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acuticonicum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuticonicum">Litophyton acuticonicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
both also have polyps with limited amount of sclerites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47C638CB1F009D2880D77CC9F3249CA7" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acuticonicum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuticonicum">Litophyton acuticonicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42CB3F1FC50BB0512BE43A3D5F30D50C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having much larger interior stalk sclerites (up to 2 mm long).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2B54A8AFACBBE2A1A05ABAD5003D82A" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton maldivensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maldivensis">Litophyton maldivensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has overall much smaller interior stalk sclerites which mostly have blunt ends.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93886060F354C13006D8F8CACB1240DE" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton striatum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatum">Litophyton striatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has similar looking sclerites in the interior of the base of the stalk as ZMTAU 26193 but in that species the polyps are much stronger armed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |