159 lines
21 KiB
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159 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="B093AAD18575A5D937130F96A706B656" ID-CLB-Dataset="34106" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.21.11155" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46419a79-e698-482d-b706-c1c228b289ca" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-21-47" ID-ZooBank="E6640ED3677047C888AFBA8C4556C4EA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2615-21-47" ModsDocOrigin="Subterranean Biology 21" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of the Pterostichusmacrogenys species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae) discovered in shallow subterranean habitats in northern Honshu, Japan" checkinTime="1485645504972" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sasakawa, Koji & Ito, Hirotaro" docDate="2017" docId="F3B5DCB454F793F23C63159BF83C7CB6" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 21: 47-56" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.21.11155" docTitle="Pterostichus (Nialoe) shinbodakensis Sasakawa & Ito, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="02ED4CC6-0F43-4AAC-A86C-771BC0F8DF78" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="E538FFB3FFBBFFE97C38FFFBFFE2FFD2" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the Pterostichusmacrogenys species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae) discovered in shallow subterranean habitats in northern Honshu, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1701383969736" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7455631B0948F8EAD87E7BC8E0527032" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06F73067ACCD6FDF16E401D0EED43364">
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<mods:title id="79113DAD9472600110F1C1C7A13B8AA8">Two new species of the Pterostichusmacrogenys species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae) discovered in shallow subterranean habitats in northern Honshu, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EAF009EBD5B35F29BA3A2BDADFFE7719" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1FE594ECC93B3DC8E54036C276923035">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4706BB1EA89335632FCCEDE3810DE2C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9155DE943DB501ADB6CA0BD7269B2C5A">Sasakawa, Koji</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7978F26830EE838B46D98137336D4E5F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A72E6DACFEC3BB5A7D1AF5EAC5959B42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44770E7E62A8F8252C78138EFF439B4E">Ito, Hirotaro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DC1FF84EBB219EF58E7828F08681B67E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="624A377140DE4BFD9F87B7AD7B9B17C5">
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<mods:title id="D6C3EB3335165D31FB67E82CA6F8AB3A">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F825395F8A685EED3BC735FB1A0209E5">
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<mods:date id="1215832D2F5C47E9F3FD10108883B300">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CF99FD2E05C7EBC9A0A22B9D243749D6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B08B93DE7BA05E24A343A5CB99EB7627">21</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1C973B7F284B278DA11B941FE27CB7CB">47</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="49AF5A071702EA9016DE2C7A81CDA252">56</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="7364E0CA68B9C7212681005EF9AD874D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.21.11155</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5E644F9C6F40666480F9ECFC0B681872">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7667AD9166F3099BBAA61C01706E3F27" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.21.11155</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84334B8D45D39DF2D69ABB338726EDA7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-21-47</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F3B5DCB454F793F23C63159BF83C7CB6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889621" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02ED4CC6-0F43-4AAC-A86C-771BC0F8DF78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3B5DCB454F793F23C63159BF83C7CB6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="EB16A066277D9EF4EFEF26B05FFD25A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="594D2A216E66872D912CB7E75ACA0A5E" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="87624A5C0A0BA43426C01C63D3927215" ID-CoL="8MM9B" LSID="http://zoobank.org/02ED4CC6-0F43-4AAC-A86C-771BC0F8DF78" authority="Sasakawa & Ito" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Nialoe) shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis" subGenus="Nialoe">
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Pterostichus (Nialoe) shinbodakensis Sasakawa &
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<normalizedToken id="5FB02600F69C528EFC2DCC63C2B381E3" originalValue="Itô">Ito</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DD5CF662B489C2E6D08D7310EF427912" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8, 12-18
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BAEFC9D151355C6BB20BDE91BDE21946" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="3A37E0B115BE59CEFB9BD68147AD8D62" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E76163D562C5CFA2A31F4710772BA3EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Holotype, ♂, Mt. Shinbodake, alt. 540 m, Murakami-shi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate id="84C68F2FDC549275E4EC295F3F789A5E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.355446">38.355444 N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C2116FCB8A6D7975D8A40FBB1640AF56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="139.51622">139.516222 E</geoCoordinate>
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), 6-27.ix.2015,
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<normalizedToken id="3B1706CB6C6BF217F1E347137317240F" originalValue="Hirotarô">Hirotaro</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="0716C7BC243F3FF87B7DD6FC87BE4622" originalValue="Itô">Ito</normalizedToken>
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leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="795BBF37E89D18BE2A5567E42C0A44D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="65E1A93BB1772E2248758A30E8C73150" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C374F81C4C2E2EDFEED9D116C4313F1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Derived from the name of the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72E3EE07CE0D8E8878713423D3DEEC0B" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F9F132C40507A369E21BB7E884AF3800" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20CB12C5F34E74C3C1BB712E2FA70FEA" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="1BF6E1CBAAA6D1D9643A0A4AD0F8C828" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus takadateyamanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takadateyamanus">Pterostichus takadateyamanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2E8DABD6CB833026C4A23C6D5A12189B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus falcispinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcispinus">Pterostichus falcispinus</taxonomicName>
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but distinguished by the shape of right paramere (Figs 16-20;
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<bibRefCitation id="2DEB89245359DBDE29E4C984E8F46FFE" author="Sasakawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" pagination="262 - 269" title="Pterostichusmacrogenys Bates (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and its allied species of northern Japan: descriptions of seven additional species and possible evidence supporting species status." volume="48" year="2009 b">Sasakawa 2009b</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 20) and distinctly sclerotized left pigmented band (in
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<taxonomicName id="2A6F7BFC01FB5EDB1137B94A9319A8D1" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus takadateyamanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takadateyamanus">Pterostichus takadateyamanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9AF20A6E217EB282BE42BA695158384" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus falcispinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcispinus">Pterostichus falcispinus</taxonomicName>
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, only slightly sclerotized). Readily distinguished from sympatrically occurring unidentified species (Fig. 9) by a larger body size and smaller eyes (see Remarks).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D628BCBEC97ADE1B5913DD8FF6563850" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph id="62DD8E2B8203E24BCBDED40A0F35A281" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Figures 8-11. Dorsal view of species of the
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<taxonomicName id="EFB9684BB71B607C456FA703C7554F0A" lsidName="macrogenys" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macrogenys">macrogenys</taxonomicName>
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species group. 8
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<taxonomicName id="AFE4F136638347DE0EEA04E44736318E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male 9 A female of the unidentified species sympatric with
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<taxonomicName id="84E29BBE3D4C521B05107CE4BCCB0E59" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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10
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<taxonomicName id="2C789BFB2A7AEB9D8F76E1591EA0419A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus tateishiyamanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tateishiyamanus">Pterostichus tateishiyamanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male 11
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<taxonomicName id="336D6D779C45AFE526F0BAE414F96C73" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus tateishiyamanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tateishiyamanus">Pterostichus tateishiyamanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype female. All figures are of the same magnification. Scale bar = 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A2B0A32350DEC2F41EB17AF65E1F9338" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph id="8EBB79BB930681F513D29781D37DAB74" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Figures 12-22. Male genitalia of species of the
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<taxonomicName id="67AA3BA93E5603CB9E14A62310356F9B" lsidName="macrogenys" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macrogenys">macrogenys</taxonomicName>
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species group. Left lateral view (12), right lateral view (13), left dorsolateral view (14), and right dorsolateral view (15) of endophallus of
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<taxonomicName id="23AD806148206F2AFAA886A20E80D029" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. Dorsal view of apical part (16), left lateral view (17), and ventral view of apical part (18) of right paramete of
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<taxonomicName id="B774FDD0CC9DEC87798466C5F9E7E440" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. Dorsal view of apical part (19) and left lateral view (20) of right paramete of
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<taxonomicName id="9B86B445C763A62545C6B20B6043E03A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus falcispinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcispinus">Pterostichus falcispinus</taxonomicName>
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from the type locality. Left lateral view (21) and right lateral view (22) of endophallus of
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<taxonomicName id="A1E85CBBD52B8C4472822FF9071432DA" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus tateishiyamanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tateishiyamanus">Pterostichus tateishiyamanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. go: gonopore; lal: left apical lobe; lpb: left pigmented band; lpl: left preapical lobe; rpl: right preapical lobe. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70E860C6751BF69D44F042AEB8F58FB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="49AAF1D583E5F206ABD1BBF7A4B7CA60" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD73A314B4C8316128BA288F47EC1AB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BLm: 16.7 mm; BLl: 14.9 mm; BLc: 14.3 mm; HL/HW: 0.89; PL/PW: 0.64; PAW/PW: 0.89; PPW/PW: 0.77; EL/EW: 1.55.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8F2F76E35EF9DD6DF7A77118D7D35604" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="08431C7E64EFA49A8D322E5A0DA8F249" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F818448E57E1FA815744757002D14E14" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head and pronotum dark brown to blackish; elytra reddish-brown; appendages reddish to dark brown. Dorsal surface almost smooth except for laterobasal impressions of the pronotum, which are slightly punctate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F297043A9EC673243B45D18BE48AE8D" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head large, widest at tempora, which are markedly swollen; width at the widest point larger than pronotal posterior margin width; length from clypeal apex to neck base longer than pronotum length along the median line. Left mandible large and strongly hooked at the apical 1/3; length between mandible apex and posterolateral end on dorsal side over 2.5-fold longer than the anterior width of the clypeus. Eyes small and barely convex, with anterior-posterior length shorter than 1/2 length of the antennal segment 1. Antennal segment 2 with two setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A7A080B03F8835771DBA910283530E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Pronotum cordate, notably flat, widest at apical 1/5. Lateral margins arcuate on apical 2/3, slightly sinuate on basal 1/3; two marginal setae on each lateral side, anterior setae near widest pronotal point, and posterior setae near hind angles. Anterior margin emarginated, with contour arched more strongly than the curvature of apical 2/3 of lateral margins; anterior angles notably produced. Posterior margin emarginated at median area, almost straight at lateral areas; hind angles right-angled. Median line impressed in the middle, not reaching both the anterior and posterior margins; laterobasal impressions single, shallow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="248BC6D9144D7E22B423488358BA2C13" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Elytra almost parallel-sided, less convex; shoulder distinct, but not denticulate; apices rounded; scutellar stria present, not connected to stria 1; 1 setigerous puncture on stria 1 at the level of the posterior end of scutellum; two setigerous punctures on interval 3, anterior one slightly behind the middle and posterior one on apical 1/6, both adjoining stria 2. Hind wings completely atrophied. Male sternum 7 fairly concave.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="80B6C7036AD54A1EC67C949776F9BFE5" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Aedeagus stout, without tubercle. Endophallus short, stout, strongly bent ventrally, with gonopore directed backward; left pigmented band distinctly sclerotized; right preapical lobe stout, as long as left preapical lobe, with apical part bent toward gonopore; left preapical lobe short, stout, directed toward leftward, with apex narrowly rounded; left apical lobe small but stout, strongly bent backward, with surface distinctly sclerotized. Left paramere square. Right paramere bent at approximately 120° at apical 2/5; apical part from dorsal view almost flat, with large, widely rounded right corner; ventral side strongly concave.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="060EBDAE3821CDC65ED67C009D468E6C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="9EA131D40410B4F87C7D08AF7795DCB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5041BBDCB13DC03B9B7DEC97911697C9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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This species is considered most closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="E3AE9AC56210AED3B0E502808608FB32" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus falcispinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcispinus">Pterostichus falcispinus</taxonomicName>
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, because the angle bending (Fig. 17) and the wide apical part (Fig. 16) of the right paramere and the strongly-bent, distinctly sclerotized left preapical lobe (Figs 12-14) are found in only these species among the known
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<taxonomicName id="EC7B1A724E52ABE082B6384F63D22201" lsidName="(Nialoe)" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nialoe">Nialoe</taxonomicName>
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species (i.e., putative synapomorphies). In other consubgeneric species, the right paramere is short, straight with a rounded apical
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<pageBreakToken id="5927BA00ED7BD5311DAF5584FB5CFABE" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" start="start">part</pageBreakToken>
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or slender, arcuate with a narrow apical part (i.e., not bent at an angle and not with a flat apical part), and the left preapical lobe is not distinctly sclerotized.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFD4D1AF5146798FD1DADB86702B2299" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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Although a female of the
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<taxonomicName id="16224BAADBE3414754403AF215782C74" lsidName="macrogenys" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="macrogenys">macrogenys</taxonomicName>
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species was also obtained at the type locality (8-30.viii.2015,
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<normalizedToken id="EFBB80156ABBD8183F16A8B0130E89D8" originalValue="Hirotarô">Hirotaro</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="D654ECE29DF8E169D21353AF8523AC1D" originalValue="Itô">Ito</normalizedToken>
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leg.; Fig. 9), it differs from
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<taxonomicName id="C87DECD703A27544399A4A7F8BD45370" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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in several ways: a smaller body size (BLm: 14.0 mm; BLl: 12.7 mm; BLc: 12.2 mm), a left mandible that is not elongated (length between mandible apex and posterolateral end on dorsal side is ~2.2-fold as long as the anterior width of the clypeus), smaller eyes (anterior-posterior length is longer than one-half the length of the antennal segment 1), and blackish elytra. Considering the characters of the other species in the group (Figs 10, 11; Sasakawa 2005,
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<bibRefCitation id="2819BD9E468B424E5AA28CAA53F369A1" author="Sasakawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" pagination="262 - 269" title="Pterostichusmacrogenys Bates (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and its allied species of northern Japan: descriptions of seven additional species and possible evidence supporting species status." volume="48" year="2009 b">2009b</bibRefCitation>
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) and direct (
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<bibRefCitation id="2DC4364B035B3B1160937D15EA2DD72B" author="Ito, N" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" pagination="271 - 275" title="A new species of macrocephalic carabid from Nagano Prefecture, Japan (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="21" year="2015">Ito and Ogai 2015</bibRefCitation>
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) and indirect (
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<bibRefCitation id="FC01CE0E243C2324E58E6BC34E02C18C" author="Sasakawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" pagination="262 - 269" title="Pterostichusmacrogenys Bates (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and its allied species of northern Japan: descriptions of seven additional species and possible evidence supporting species status." volume="48" year="2009 b">Sasakawa 2009b</bibRefCitation>
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) evidence for sympatric occurrence of large and small species in some localities, the focal morphological differences would be between large (
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<taxonomicName id="4FF7287E764249D546753559244BA60E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus shinbodakensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinbodakensis">Pterostichus shinbodakensis</taxonomicName>
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) and small species (the focal female), rather than between sexes within the same species. To determine its taxonomic status, male specimens need to be investigated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |