treatments-xml/data/F1/B9/9D/F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="871ae7d8-51c7-4943-a73c-b7aa0ca4708c" ID-PMC="PMC8671718" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-186-53" ID-Pensoft-UUID="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" ID-PubMed="34975275" ModsDocID="1314-2003-186-53" checkinTime="1638850649788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko &amp; Dorr, Laurence J." docDate="2021" docId="F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 186: 53-72" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 186" docPubDate="2021-12-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" docTitle="Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" masterDocTitle="Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668140540311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-0707</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco - UNIVASF, Colegiado de Ciencias Biologicas, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56300 - 990, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Ciencias Florestais, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jef.sobrinho@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes - UMC, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia, Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, 08780 - 911, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-363X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number>186</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445</mods:url>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="F1B99D7C-E4C5-5693-8EE9-9E9A874181BF" authority="Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." authorityName="Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Epitype of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (US barcode 00636701)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachira species A P. aquatica fruit B P. duckei fruit C P. endecaphylla leaves and flower D P. glabra leaves and flower E P. retusa habit F P. retusa leaves and fruit. Photographs A, D J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho B C. E. Zartman C B. A. S. Pereira E M. C. Machado F L. P. Queiroz." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617644" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">, 2A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea princeps" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="princeps">Carolinea princeps</taxonomicName>
L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 314. 1782 [1781], nom. illeg. superfl. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinea">Pachira carolinea</taxonomicName>
Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 1, 3: 84. 1802, nom. illeg. superfl. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax aquaticum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquaticum">Bombax aquaticum</taxonomicName>
(Aubl.) K. Schum., in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea pompalis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pompalis">Carolinea pompalis</taxonomicName>
Moc. &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
ex DC., Prodr. 1: 478. 1824, nom. nud., pro syn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Pachira grandiflora</taxonomicName>
Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 12, tt. 3, 4. 1827. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Carolinea grandiflora</taxonomicName>
(Tussac) Spach, Hist. Nat. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vég">Veg</normalizedToken>
. 14: 206. 1847 [1848]. Type: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Antilles.”">&quot;Antilles.&quot;</normalizedToken>
Lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
: Tussac (1827, t. 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Carolinea macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
Schltdl. &amp; Cham., Linnaea 6: 423. 1831. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Pachira macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
(Schltdl. &amp; Cham.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1(2): 329. 1842. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira longifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">Pachira longifolia</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Mag., ser. 3, 6: t. 4549. 1850, nom. illeg. superfl. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax macrocarpum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Bombax macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
(Schltdl. &amp; Cham.) K. Schum., in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895. Type: Mexico. Veracruz, Papantla, Feb 1829 (lf, fl bud), F. Deppe &amp; C.J.W. Schiede 1312 (lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
: BM barcode 000645670 [s.n.]; isolectotypes: HAL barcode 0098398, HAL barcode 0128027 (2 sheets), HAL barcode 0128028 [s.n.] (2 sheets), LE n.v., W n.v.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea lovisa-carolina" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lovisa-carolina">Carolinea lovisa-carolina</taxonomicName>
L. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Linn. Herb.: 52. 1912, nom. nud.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-10-18" collectorName="F. Aublet, S. A. Mori" country="US" elevation="5" latitude="4.7933335" location="French Guiana. Tour de l'Ile River" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.37722" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
French Guiana. Cayenne, 1775 (lf), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName>F. Aublet</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotype,”">
&quot; 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
,&quot;
</normalizedToken>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns 1963</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 238, 242: BM barcode 000645671). Epitype: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF:68A6FF2A71B0B03830767CDBC7295C3B" country="US" latitude="4.7933335" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.37722" name="French Guiana. Tour de l'Ile River">
French Guiana. Tour de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ile">l'Ile</normalizedToken>
River
</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0-10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="4.7933335">04°47' 36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="052" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-52.37722">052°22' 38&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-10-18">18 Oct 1991</collectingDate>
(lf, fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName>S.A. Mori</collectorName>
</emphasis>
et al. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">22126</emphasis>
(epitype, designated here: 
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
barcode 00636701; isoepitypes: CAY barcode 155330, NY barcode 402480)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
typified several names that are synonyms of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but omitted mention of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomina nuda</emphasis>
. Despite their lack of nomenclatural standing, these 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomina nuda</emphasis>
associated with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do appear in standard indices (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation author="IPNI" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="https://www.ipni.org" refId="B21" refString="IPNI, 2021. International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org" title="International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens." url="https://www.ipni.org" year="2021">IPNI 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tropicos" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="Tropicos.org" refId="B39" refString="Tropicos, 2021. . Tropicos.org" title="." url="Tropicos.org" year="2021">Tropicos 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and we include them to clarify their identification. Likewise, we discuss two names typified by 
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
in order to clarify their synonymies and bibliographic citations that are confused in standard indices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
The lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists solely of detached leaflets and a sterile twig. Consequently, a flowering collection from French Guiana is designated here as an epitype (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Epitype of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (US barcode 00636701)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5762128" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Epitype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Aubl. (US barcode 00636701).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
&quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea pompalis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pompalis">Carolinea pompalis</taxonomicName>
fl. mex. ic. ined.
</emphasis>
&quot; was cited originally as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">C. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sims (≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira minor" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sims) Hemsl.). 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns (1963)</bibRefCitation>
did not agree with this interpretation and placed the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomen nudum</emphasis>
among his &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Species dubiae incertae sedis</emphasis>
.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation author="McVaugh, R" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B24" refString="McVaugh, R, 2000. Botanical results of the Sesse &amp; Mocino Expedition (1787-1803) VII. A guide to relevant scientific names of plants. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh." title="Botanical results of the Sesse &amp; Mocino Expedition (1787 - 1803) VII. A guide to relevant scientific names of plants. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh." year="2000">McVaugh (2000</bibRefCitation>
, p. 88) discussed the sources of the material that 
<bibRefCitation author="De Candolle, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B10" refString="De Candolle, A, 1824. Bombaceae. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel &amp; Wuertz, Parisiis [Paris], 475-480." title="Bombaceae. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel &amp; Wuertz, Parisiis [Paris], 475 - 480." year="1824">de Candolle (1824)</bibRefCitation>
examined, which included a plate in G (see F neg. no. 30513) and presumably another illustration now in the Torner Collection (Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation accession No. 6331.0864; see also No. 6331.1977). These images depict 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs in Mexico and South America. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira minor" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to South America, which was not visited by the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mociño">Mocino</normalizedToken>
Expedition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Several indices (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation author="IPNI" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="https://www.ipni.org" refId="B21" refString="IPNI, 2021. International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org" title="International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens." url="https://www.ipni.org" year="2021">IPNI 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tropicos" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="Tropicos.org" refId="B39" refString="Tropicos, 2021. . Tropicos.org" title="." url="Tropicos.org" year="2021">Tropicos 2021</bibRefCitation>
) state incorrectly that the combination 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tussac) Spach was made in 1834, but 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" author="Spach, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B32" refString="Spach, E, 1834. Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 3. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" title="Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 3. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" year="1834">Spach (1834</bibRefCitation>
, p. 426) did not then definitely associate the epithet &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">grandiflora</emphasis>
&quot; with the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stating simply 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Carolinéa">&quot;Carolinea</normalizedToken>
de Tussac. - 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tussac&quot; (see 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B40" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Art. 35.2). The combination was made in 1847 in an index to the larger work when 
<bibRefCitation author="Spach, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B33" refString="Spach, E, 1847. [1848] Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 14. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="[1848] Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 14. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." year="1847">Spach (1847</bibRefCitation>
, p. 206) wrote &quot;[
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carolinea</taxonomicName>
] 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Carolinea grandiflora</taxonomicName>
, Tuss. .. [Vol.] 3 [Pag.] 426&quot;: the volume and page numbers providing an indirect reference to the basionym (see 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B40" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Art. 41.3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Mexican material cultivated in Berlin. The protologue gives the type locality as &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Ad ripas fluminum et rivulorum Papantlensium et Tecolutensium</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName genus="Papantlae" lsidName="Papantlae" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Papantlae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns (1963</bibRefCitation>
, p. 239) selected &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Schiede</emphasis>
et 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Deppe</emphasis>
1312&quot; as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“typus”">&quot;typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
and he cited specimens at BM, LE and W, but not HAL. The labels on the HAL specimens, however, suggest the collecting combination may have been &quot;Deppe &amp; Schiede&quot; and not &quot;Schiede &amp; Deppe.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira longifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira longifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a superfluous name for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. macrocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The epithet of this superfluous name is often miscited as &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">longiflora</emphasis>
&quot; (see e.g., 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns 1963</bibRefCitation>
; Alverson in 
<bibRefCitation author="Berry, PE" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B3" refString="Berry, PE, Yatskievych, K, Holst, BK [Eds], 1997. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 3. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis." title="Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 3." volumeTitle="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis." year="1997">Berry et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
), which is perhaps understandable given that 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B20" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1850. Pachira longifolia. Botanical Magazine, ser. 3, 6: t. 4549." title="Pachira longifolia. Botanical Magazine, ser. 3, 6: t. 4549." year="1850">Hooker (1850)</bibRefCitation>
called it the &quot;Long-flowered 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>