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<document id="0ACEE24DEC49C374B04522484E4A559E" ID-CLB-Dataset="45373" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41a0a1cc-4b27-449b-af69-7d2d5d804ccd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250363" ID-ZooBank="FD0A7BBD-0C72-457A-815D-A573C0AF1523" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460444282510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grajales, Alejandro &amp; Rodríguez, Estefanía" docDate="2014" docId="855187F48262D74DFF419997E791FC85" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03826p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3826 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bartholomea annulata Le Sueur 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="7968FF8C827BD753FFD69F12E41EFFB2" masterDocTitle="Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1698333222209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F5F0DFE9CE6109BE83CB7DD405287C05">Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="279432B01D6842D9D92A38C9ED556169">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="855187F48262D74DFF419997E791FC85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140441" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6140441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:855187F48262D74DFF419997E791FC85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/855187F48262D74DFF419997E791FC85" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="45E265698262D74AFF419997E590F972" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF419997E663F92D" blockId="25.[151,637,1669,1728]" box="[151,637,1669,1695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="560F818E8262D74AFF419997E663F92D" bold="true" box="[151,637,1669,1695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF419997E663F92D" ID-CoL="KSN4" authority="Le Sueur, 1817" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,637,1669,1695]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF419997E663F92D" bold="true" box="[151,637,1669,1695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF419997E5B7F92D" bold="true" box="[151,425,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE6E9997E66BF92D" author="Le" box="[440,629,1669,1695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Le Sueur, C. A. (1817) Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures. Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 149 - 154, 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1817">Le Sueur, 1817</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF4199B5E590F972" blockId="25.[151,637,1669,1728]" box="[151,398,1703,1728]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678262D74AFF4999B5E4E4F972" box="[159,250,1703,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
–16, Table 5)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698262D749FF4199F8E647FE9A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF4199F8E5FFF94D" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" box="[151,481,1769,1791]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF4199F8E5FFF94D" ID-CoL="9T5H" authority="Le Sueur, 1817" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,481,1769,1791]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF4199F8E55EF94D" box="[151,320,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Actinia annulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE9099F8E5FFF94D" author="Le" box="[326,481,1769,1791]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Le Sueur, C. A. (1817) Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures. Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 149 - 154, 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1817">Le Sueur, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF41981BE5CBF8AC" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" box="[151,469,1800,1822]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF41981BE5CBF8AC" authority="Le Sueur, 1817" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,469,1800,1822]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solifera">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF41981BE52DF8AC" box="[151,307,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Actinia solifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFEEC981BE5CBF8AC" author="Le" box="[314,469,1800,1822]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Le Sueur, C. A. (1817) Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures. Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 149 - 154, 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1817">Le Sueur, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF419835E5FEF88E" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" box="[151,480,1830,1852]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
Non
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF1F9835E5FEF88E" ID-CoL="9T5H" authority="Gay, 1854" authorityName="Gay" authorityYear="1854" box="[201,480,1830,1852]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF1F9835E56CF88E" box="[201,370,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Actinia annulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFEAE9834E5FEF88E" author="Gay" box="[376,480,1830,1852]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Gay, C. (1854) Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago, Santiago, Chile, 499 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 23317515.91.1" type="book" year="1854">Gay, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF419854E63AF8E9" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" box="[151,548,1861,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF419854E63AF8E9" authority="Milne Edwards 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,548,1861,1883]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Paractis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solifera">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF419854E557F8E9" box="[151,329,1861,1883]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Paractis solifera:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE999857E63AF8E9" author="Milne" box="[335,548,1861,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1857) Historie Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes Proprement Dits, vol 1. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 326 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11396" type="book" year="1857">Milne Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF419877E606F864" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF419877E62CF8C8" authority="Milne Edwards 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,562,1892,1914]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF419877E549F8C8" box="[151,343,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Dysactis annulata:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE8B9876E62CF8C8" author="Milne" box="[349,562,1892,1914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1857) Historie Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes Proprement Dits, vol 1. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 326 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11396" type="book" year="1857">Milne Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF419890E5E8F82A" ID-CoL="BCTP" authority="Duchassaing" authorityName="Duchassaing" box="[151,502,1922,1944]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solifera">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF419890E570F82A" box="[151,366,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Bartholomea solifera</emphasis>
Duchassaing
</taxonomicName>
de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864.
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF4198B3E505F805" ID-CoL="7NQGS" box="[151,283,1953,1975]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF4198B3E505F805" box="[151,283,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Bartholomea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFEFC98B0E558F805" box="[298,326,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">sic</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFE8298B3E5B3F805" box="[340,429,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFE8298B3E5B9F805" ID-CoL="BCTP" box="[340,423,1953,1975]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solifera">Solifera</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Duchassaing 1870
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF4198D3E606F864" ID-CoL="BCTP" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,536,1984,2006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solifera">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF4198D3E556F864" box="[151,328,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Aiptasia solifera:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE9B98D2E5CEF864" author="Andres" box="[333,464,1984,2006]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE0B98D2E60FF864" author="Andres" box="[477,529,1984,2006]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28262D74AFF4198CDE638F846" blockId="25.[151,865,1769,2036]" box="[151,550,2014,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618262D74AFF4198CDE638F846" ID-CoL="BCT4" authority="Andres 1883" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,550,2014,2036]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08262D74AFF4198CDE54AF846" box="[151,340,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="80">Aiptasia annulata:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE8C98CCE5C3F846" author="Andres" box="[346,477,2014,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie (Monografia). Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 460 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35877" type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138262D74AFE3C98CCE601F846" author="Andres" box="[490,543,2014,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="80" refString="Andres, A. (1884) Le Attinie (Monografia). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 459 pp." type="book" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF4B9F8BE61AFF59" blockId="26.[151,601,152,296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FF4B9F8BE630FF1C" ID-CoL="BCTP" authority="Verrill 1907" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1907" box="[157,558,152,174]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="annulata" subSpecies="solifera">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF4B9F8BE5B1FF1C" box="[157,431,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Aiptasia annulata solifera:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138261D749FE629F8AE630FF1C" author="Verrill" box="[436,558,152,174]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. In: Verrill, A. E. (Eds.), Zoology of Bermuda, New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 15 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1907">Verrill 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FF419FA4E629FF7E" ID-CoL="KSN4" authority="Stephenson 1920" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,567,182,204]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419FA4E59AFF7E" box="[151,388,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Bartholomea annulata:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138261D749FE5C9FA4E629FF7E" author="Stephenson" box="[394,567,182,204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1920) On the classification of Actiniaria. I. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 64, 425 - 574." type="journal article" year="1920">Stephenson 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FF7E9FC7E61AFF59" authority="Watzl, 1922" authorityName="Watzl" authorityYear="1922" box="[168,516,213,235]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Carlgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF7E9FC7E59AFF59" box="[168,388,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Carlgreniella robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138261D749FE5C9FC7E61AFF59" author="Watzl" box="[394,516,213,235]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF419FE6E5D4FEB8" blockId="26.[151,601,152,296]" box="[151,458,244,266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FF419FE6E5D4FEB8" ID-CoL="BCT5" authority="Atoda, 1954" authorityName="Atoda" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,458,244,266]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arrulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419FE6E558FEB8" box="[151,326,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Aiptasia arrulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138261D749FE9A9FE6E5D4FEB8" author="Atoda" box="[332,458,244,266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" refString="Atoda, K. (1954) The development of the sea anemone, Diadumene luciae, reproduced by the pedal laceration. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 20 (2), 123 - 129." type="journal article" year="1954">Atoda, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF419E00E647FE9A" blockId="26.[151,601,152,296]" box="[151,601,274,296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FF419E00E647FE9A" ID-CoL="KWDH" authority="Chen et al. 2008" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[151,601,274,296]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Batholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419E00E50FFE9A" box="[151,273,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Batholomea</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FEF69E01E522FE9A" box="[288,316,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">sic</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FE9D9E00E5BBFE9A" box="[331,421,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">annulata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138261D749FE649E00E647FE9A" author="Chen" box="[434,601,274,296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" refString="Chen, C., Soong, K. &amp; Chen, C. A. (2008) The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47 (1), 37 - 45." type="journal article" year="2008">
Chen
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FE389E01E63FFE9A" box="[494,545,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698261D749FF419E42E641FEDB" box="[151,607,336,362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF419E42E641FEDB" blockId="26.[151,1437,336,899]" box="[151,607,336,362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419E42E595FED8" bold="true" box="[151,395,336,362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Material examined.</emphasis>
(See Appendix 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698261D74DFF419E60E162FF66" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF419E60E6B0FD35" blockId="26.[151,1437,336,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419E60E537FE39" bold="true" box="[151,297,370,395]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FEE59E60E5E0FE39" box="[307,510,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">External anatomy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FDC49E60E674FE39" box="[530,618,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
): Pedal disc to
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FCF59E61E768FE38" box="[803,886,371,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
diameter in preserved specimens, only slightly wider than column in living specimens. Column elongate, divisible into scapus and capitulum, to
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FB059E85E13CFE1C" box="[1235,1314,407,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
height and to
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FF629EA9E51CFE60" box="[180,258,443,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
diameter in preserved specimens (to
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FD729EA9E71FFE60" box="[676,769,443,467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
height and
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FC559EA9E7CCFE60" box="[899,978,443,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
diameter in living specimens). Cinclides in 4–5 rows in mid-column (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FE089ECCE62FFE45" box="[478,561,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C). Small, rounded oral stoma. Mesenterial insertions visible. Oral disc to
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FA569ECDE4DDFDA8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
diameter in preserved specimens. Tentacles to 192, tapering toward tips, rather long, all of same length,
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FAB39D10E4DDFD8C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="5.0">5–11 mm</quantity>
in preserved specimens (
<quantity id="CA009B078261D749FE309D34E67DFD8C" box="[486,611,550,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="50.0">50–70 mm</quantity>
length in living specimens). Tentacles not fully retractile, with spiral or incompletely annular raised bands with batteries of microbasic
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FCB39D5EE76DFDD1" box="[869,883,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores and basitrichs (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FB369D58E12DFDD1" box="[1248,1331,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
F); bands from tip to base of each tentacle (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FDD89D7CE677FD35" box="[526,617,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF119D80E002FC31" blockId="26.[151,1437,336,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF119D80E678FD19" box="[199,614,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Internal anatomy and microanatomy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FDA19D80E6D2FD19" box="[631,716,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): Mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle diffuse, short and weak (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FF499DA4E4E8FD7D" box="[159,246,694,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
D). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FC539DA4E7C5FD7D" box="[901,987,694,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A). More mesenteries proximally than distally. Only first cycle perfect. All cycles fertile. including directives. Two pairs of directives each associated with a deep siphonoglyph. Retractor muscles diffuse, strong and long (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FBDC9DECE07DFCA5" box="[1034,1123,766,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A). Parietobasilar muscles differentiated, weak. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FC159C30E005FC89" box="[963,1051,802,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
E). Relatively weak longitudinal ectodermal muscles in distal end of column (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FD4C9C54E6F3FCED" box="[666,749,838,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
C). Basilar muscles well differentiated, distinct, strong, with fibers on long mesogleal pennon (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678261D749FDC29C78E67BFC31" box="[532,613,874,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[260,1313,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Internal anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C – F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
B). Acontia numerous, well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF419CBCE086FBBB" blockId="26.[151,1436,941,1033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF419CBCE515FC77" bold="true" box="[151,267,942,965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Size ranges of the cnidae of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618261D749FD909CBFE726FC77" box="[582,824,941,965]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FD909CBFE726FC77" box="[582,824,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FC9D9CA6E747FC62" bold="true" box="[843,857,948,976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">x</emphasis>
, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, ratio of number of specimens in which each cnida was found to number of specimens examined; N, Total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, rather common; Abbreviations: M, Microbasic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28261D749FF499B36E141F855" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<table id="7FF8C442826128ACFF499B36E141F855" box="[159,1375,1060,2023]" colsContinueFrom="24.[159,1350,446,1409]" colsContinueIn="34.[159,1375,446,1408]" gridcols="5" gridrows="23" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499B36E141FBEB" box="[159,1375,1060,1113]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499B36E59DFBEB" box="[159,387,1060,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Categories</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9B36E7D5FBEB" box="[458,971,1060,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
Range of length and width of
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FCD89B38E702FBF4" bold="true" box="[782,796,1066,1094]" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">x</emphasis>
± SD capsules (µm)
</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9B36E075FBEB" box="[1099,1131,1060,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">S</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169B36E0C4FBEB" box="[1216,1242,1060,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">N</th>
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29B36E141FBEB" box="[1332,1375,1060,1113]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">F</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499B7EE141FB30" box="[159,1375,1132,1154]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499B7EE59DFB30" box="[159,387,1132,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">PEDAL DISC</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499B84E141FB1E" box="[159,1375,1174,1196]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499B84E59DFB1E" box="[159,387,1174,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A9B85E4D7FB1E" box="[188,201,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9B84E7D5FB1E" box="[458,971,1174,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(18.2–25.9) x (3.6–5.2) 22.1±2.2 x 4.5±0.4</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9B84E075FB1E" box="[1099,1131,1174,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169B84E0C4FB1E" box="[1216,1242,1174,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">29</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29B84E141FB1E" box="[1332,1375,1174,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499BADE141FB67" box="[159,1375,1215,1237]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499BADE59DFB67" box="[159,387,1215,1237]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9BADE7D5FB67" box="[458,971,1215,1237]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(10.3–15.7) x (1.8–3.2) 13.1±0.4 x 2.4±0.4</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9BADE075FB67" box="[1099,1131,1215,1237]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169BADE0C4FB67" box="[1216,1242,1215,1237]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">26</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29BADE141FB67" box="[1332,1375,1215,1237]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499BFAE141FB4C" box="[159,1375,1256,1278]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499BFAE59DFB4C" box="[159,387,1256,1278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">COLUMN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499A00E141FA9A" box="[159,1375,1298,1320]" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499A00E59DFA9A" box="[159,387,1298,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A9A01E4D7FA9A" box="[188,201,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9A00E7D5FA9A" box="[458,971,1298,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(20.1–25.7) x (3.8–5.7) 23.2±1.4 x 4.8±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9A00E075FA9A" box="[1099,1131,1298,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169A00E0C4FA9A" box="[1216,1242,1298,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">39</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29A00E141FA9A" box="[1332,1375,1298,1320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499A29E141FAE3" box="[159,1375,1339,1361]" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499A29E59DFAE3" box="[159,387,1339,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9A29E7D5FAE3" box="[458,971,1339,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(10.7–20.2) x (2.6–3.9) 15.9±3.1 x 3.2±0.4</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9A29E075FAE3" box="[1099,1131,1339,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169A29E0C4FAE3" box="[1216,1242,1339,1361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">29</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29A29E141FAE3" box="[1332,1375,1339,1361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499A76E141FAC8" box="[159,1375,1380,1402]" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499A76E59DFAC8" box="[159,387,1380,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A9A76E4D7FAC8" box="[188,201,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9A76E7D5FAC8" box="[458,971,1380,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(18.7–26.8) x (3.4–5.7) 21.5±2.7 x 4.4±0.6</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9A76E075FAC8" box="[1099,1131,1380,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169A76E0C4FAC8" box="[1216,1242,1380,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">23</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29A76E141FAC8" box="[1332,1375,1380,1402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499A9CE141FA16" box="[159,1375,1422,1444]" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499A9CE59DFA16" box="[159,387,1422,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">TENTACLES</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499AA5E141FA7F" box="[159,1375,1463,1485]" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499AA5E59DFA7F" box="[159,387,1463,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A9AAAE4D7FA7F" box="[188,201,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9AA5E7D5FA7F" box="[458,971,1463,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(18.7–43.1) x (2.6–7.7) 37.4±5.2 x 5.5±1.1</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9AA5E075FA7F" box="[1099,1131,1463,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169AA5E0C4FA7F" box="[1216,1242,1463,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">44</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29AA5E141FA7F" box="[1332,1375,1463,1485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499AF2E141FA44" box="[159,1375,1504,1526]" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499AF2E59DFA44" box="[159,387,1504,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9AF2E7D5FA44" box="[458,971,1504,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(17.4–31.2) x (2.2–4.7) 23.1±4.1 x 3.2±0.6</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9AF2E075FA44" box="[1099,1131,1504,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169AF2E0C4FA44" box="[1216,1242,1504,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">43</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29AF2E141FA44" box="[1332,1375,1504,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499918E141F992" box="[159,1375,1546,1568]" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499918E59DF992" box="[159,387,1546,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Spirocysts</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9918E7D5F992" box="[458,971,1546,1568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(12.8–33.3) x (1.7–5.9) 19.8±6.2 x 3.5±1.1</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9918E075F992" box="[1099,1131,1546,1568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169918E0C4F992" box="[1216,1242,1546,1568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">26</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29918E141F992" box="[1332,1375,1546,1568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499921E141F9FB" box="[159,1375,1587,1609]" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499921E59DF9FB" box="[159,387,1587,1609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">ACTINOPHARYNX</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF49994EE141F9C1" box="[159,1375,1628,1651]" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF49994EE59DF9C1" box="[159,387,1628,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A994CE4D7F9C1" box="[188,201,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C994EE7D5F9C1" box="[458,971,1628,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(31.4–40.7) x (3.9–6.6) 36.2±2.3 x 5.1±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D994EE075F9C1" box="[1099,1131,1628,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB16994EE0C4F9C1" box="[1216,1242,1628,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">38</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE2994EE141F9C1" box="[1332,1375,1628,1651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499994E141F92E" box="[159,1375,1670,1692]" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499994E59DF92E" box="[159,387,1670,1692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9994E7D5F92E" box="[458,971,1670,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(9.9–21.5) x (2.3–4.4) 15.7±4.4 x 3.4±0.7</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9994E075F92E" box="[1099,1131,1670,1692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169994E0C4F92E" box="[1216,1242,1670,1692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">34</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29994E141F92E" box="[1332,1375,1670,1692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF4999BDE141F977" box="[159,1375,1711,1733]" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF4999BDE59DF977" box="[159,387,1711,1733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">FILAMENTS</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF4999CAE141F95D" box="[159,1375,1752,1775]" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF4999CAE59DF95D" box="[159,387,1752,1775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A99C8E4D7F95D" box="[188,201,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 1
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C99CAE7D5F95D" box="[458,971,1752,1775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(10.2–16.7) x (2.1–5.1) 12.9±1.3 x 3.2±0.8</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D99CAE075F95D" box="[1099,1131,1752,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB1699CAE0C4F95D" box="[1216,1242,1752,1775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">33</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE299CAE141F95D" box="[1332,1375,1752,1775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499810E141F8AA" box="[159,1375,1794,1816]" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499810E59DF8AA" box="[159,387,1794,1816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A9811E4D7F8AA" box="[188,201,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 2
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9810E7D5F8AA" box="[458,971,1794,1816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(19.4–37.4) x (4.3–6.3) 26.4±8.3 x 5.3±0.8</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9810E075F8AA" box="[1099,1131,1794,1816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169810E0C4F8AA" box="[1216,1242,1794,1816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">34</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29810E141F8AA" box="[1332,1375,1794,1816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499839E141F8F3" box="[159,1375,1835,1857]" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499839E59DF8F3" box="[159,387,1835,1857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C9839E7D5F8F3" box="[458,971,1835,1857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(10.9–14.2) x (2.1–4.9) 12.6±1.1 x 3.4±0.8</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D9839E075F8F3" box="[1099,1131,1835,1857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB169839E0C4F8F3" box="[1216,1242,1835,1857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">31</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE29839E141F8F3" box="[1332,1375,1835,1857]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF499846E141F8D8" box="[159,1375,1876,1898]" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="81" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF499846E59DF8D8" box="[159,387,1876,1898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">ACONTIA</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF49986CE141F826" box="[159,1375,1918,1940]" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF49986CE59DF826" box="[159,387,1918,1940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A986DE4D7F826" box="[188,201,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 1
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C986CE7D5F826" box="[458,971,1918,1940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(14.3–19.2) x (2.2–3.5) 16.2±1.6 x 2.8±0.3</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D986CE075F826" box="[1099,1131,1918,1940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB16986CE0C4F826" box="[1216,1242,1918,1940]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">38</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE2986CE141F826" box="[1332,1375,1918,1940]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF4998B5E141F80F" box="[159,1375,1959,1981]" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF4998B5E59DF80F" box="[159,387,1959,1981]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
M
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08261D749FF6A98BAE4D7F80F" box="[188,201,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores 2
</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C98B5E7D5F80F" box="[458,971,1959,1981]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(60.3–71.6) x (7.7–9.9) 65.6±3.3 x 8.5±0.5</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D98B5E075F80F" box="[1099,1131,1959,1981]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB1698B5E0C4F80F" box="[1216,1242,1959,1981]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">37</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE298B5E141F80F" box="[1332,1375,1959,1981]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3C834A0826128ACFF4998C3E141F855" box="[159,1375,2001,2023]" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">
<th id="F0195DDC826128ACFF4998C3E59DF855" box="[159,387,2001,2023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFE1C98C3E7D5F855" box="[458,971,2001,2023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">(24.4–29.3) x (1.9–3.4) 27.2±1.2 x 2.6±0.4</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB9D98C3E075F855" box="[1099,1131,2001,2023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">2/2</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFB1698C3E0C4F855" box="[1216,1242,2001,2023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">31</td>
<td id="F0195DDC826128ACFAE298C3E141F855" box="[1332,1375,2001,2023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="81">+++</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="5987666A8260D748FF41989BE19AF80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28260D748FF41989BE19AF80C" blockId="27.[151,1436,1929,1982]" pageId="27" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08260D748FF41989BE53DF82C" bold="true" box="[151,291,1929,1951]" pageId="27" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
External anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618260D748FDDD989BE6ECF82D" box="[523,754,1929,1951]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08260D748FDDD989BE6ECF82D" box="[523,754,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="82">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A–C, 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5987666A8267D74FFF41981FE0BBF868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250375/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="83" targetBox="[260,1312,193,1783]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28267D74FFF41981FE0BBF868" blockId="28.[151,1436,1804,2010]" pageId="28" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08267D74FFF41981FE53CF890" bold="true" box="[151,290,1805,1827]" pageId="28" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Internal anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618267D74FFDD6981EE6F9F890" box="[512,743,1804,1826]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08267D74FFDD6981EE6F9F890" box="[512,743,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="83">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (indicated by roman numerals between pairs). B) Detail of a longitudinal section of the proximal end showing the distinct basilar muscles (arrows). C) Cross section through distal column showing the weak ectodermal longitudinal musculature. D) Longitudinal section of the distal column showing weak mesogleal marginal sphincter muscle. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Longitudinal section of the tentacle; notice zooxanthellae in gastrodermis and nematocyst batteries in the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; s, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, C–F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28266D74EFF4199D2E6CDF947" blockId="29.[151,1435,1728,1781]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFF4199D2E53DF967" bold="true" box="[151,291,1728,1750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Cnidae of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618266D74EFE4999D2E696F964" box="[415,648,1728,1750]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFE4999D2E696F964" box="[415,648,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, C, F, I, K, L, N, O) Microbasic
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFBCC99D0E039F965" box="[1050,1063,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores. B, D, G, J, M, P) Basitrichs. E) Microbasic
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFE4999CDE5B2F947" box="[415,428,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">b</emphasis>
-mastigophore. H) Spirocyst.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28266D74EFF119829E59CF856" blockId="29.[151,1436,1851,2020]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFF119829E516F8E6" box="[199,264,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95C32A678266D74EFEC89829E566F8E6" box="[286,376,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
): Living specimens with proximal column translucent whitish, brownish with white dots distally; tentacles brown with distinct white annular bands (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678266D74EFC8C984DE7A5F8C5" box="[858,955,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
A, B). Preserved specimens with whitish column; tentacles dark brown when preserved; annular bands sometimes visible in preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="95C32A678266D74EFAFC9891E165F82E" box="[1322,1403,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[188,1398,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. External anatomy of Bartholomea annulata. A) Oral view of living specimen. B) Detail of tentacular bands (arrow). C) Lateral view of preserved and contracted specimen; notice up to five rows of cinclides. Scale bars: A – C, 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C).
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFF1198B5E537F872" box="[199,297,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Cnidom:</emphasis>
Spirocysts, basitrichs microbasic
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFD6698B5E6A0F872" box="[688,702,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores and
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08266D74EFC7098BAE7AAF80D" box="[934,948,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">p</emphasis>
-amastigophores (Fig. 16). See Table 5 for size and distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4736E28265D74DFF119F85E162FF66" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFF119F85E6A4FF02" bold="true" box="[199,698,151,176]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Geographic and bathymetric distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFD169F85E7A3FF02" box="[704,957,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD169F85E7A3FF02" box="[704,957,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Bartholomea annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported along the entire Caribbean Sea, from
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728265D74DFF029FAEE525FF67" box="[212,315,188,213]" name="Bermuda" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728265D74DFE899FAEE5D7FF67" box="[351,457,188,213]" name="Barbados" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Barbados</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFE019FAEE700FF66" author="Gonzalez-Munoz" box="[471,798,188,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Simoes, N., Sanchez-Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez, E. &amp; Segura-Puertas, L. (2012) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3556, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2012">
González-Muñoz
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD749FAFE6C4FF67" box="[674,730,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). It is a shallow-water species found between
<quantity id="CA009B078265D74DFAF69FAEE166FF66" box="[1312,1400,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="1.0">
1–
<specimenCount id="1BFEFD6B8265D74DFAEF9FAEE166FF66" box="[1337,1400,188,212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45E265698265D74DFF119FCDE791FC85" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D4736E28265D74DFF119FCDE791FC85" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFF119FCDE5DCFF4A" bold="true" box="[199,450,223,248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
Currently,
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFD9A9FCDE6C1FF4A" box="[588,735,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD9A9FCDE6C1FF4A" box="[588,735,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Bartholomea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes four valid species (
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFBED9FCDE0D1FF4A" author="Fautin" box="[1083,1231,223,248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFB319FF3E16EFF4A" box="[1255,1392,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFB319FF3E16EFF4A" box="[1255,1392,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFA529FF3E5B1FEAE" authority="Pax, 1924" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1924" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudotagetes">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFA529FF3E528FEAF" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. pseudotagetes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFEEA9E17E5B1FEAE" author="Pax" box="[316,431,260,284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Pax, F. (1924) Actiniarien, Zoantharien und Ceriantharien von Curacao. Kungliga Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra (Amsterdam), 23, 93 - 122." type="journal article" year="1924">Pax, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFE6C9E17E6A0FEAE" authority="Watzl, 1922" authorityName="Watzl" authorityYear="1922" box="[442,702,260,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFE6C9E17E62EFEAE" box="[442,560,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. werneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFDE19E16E6A0FEAE" author="Watzl" box="[567,702,260,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFD229E17E798FEAE" box="[756,902,261,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD229E17E798FEAE" box="[756,902,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All but
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFC3F9E17E064FEAE" box="[1001,1146,261,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFC3F9E17E064FEAE" box="[1001,1146,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described from the coast of
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728265D74DFF639E3AE4F4FEF2" box="[181,234,296,320]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Peru</collectingCountry>
) are distributed in the Caribbean Sea.
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFD4C9E35E732FEF2" author="Watzl" box="[666,812,295,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl (1922)</bibRefCitation>
provided a relatively detailed description of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFAF39E3BE182FEF2" box="[1317,1436,297,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFAF39E3BE182FEF2" box="[1317,1436,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. werneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differentiated it from
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFE6B9E5FE65CFED7" box="[445,578,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFE6B9E5FE65CFED7" box="[445,578,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the number of tentacles (to
<quantity id="CA009B078265D74DFC279E5EE032FED7" box="[1009,1068,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="96.0">96 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFBE29E5FE0CDFED6" box="[1076,1235,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFBE29E5FE0B2FED6" box="[1076,1196,333,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="werneri">B. werneri</taxonomicName>
vs.
</emphasis>
to 192), shape of tentacular bands (wide but flatter in
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFDE99E63E6A7FE3A" box="[575,697,369,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFDE99E63E6A7FE3A" box="[575,697,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. werneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the relative prominence of the cinclides (not conspicuous externally in
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFEE09E87E5ACFE1E" box="[310,434,405,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFEE09E87E5ACFE1E" box="[310,434,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. werneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). He also provided an account of cnidae sizes and ranges of both species but it is incomplete; the provided ranges do not differ between both species. The cited differences may be due to less developed examined specimens and intraspecific variation. In addition,
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFC009ECEE075FE46" author="Watzl" box="[982,1131,476,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Watzl, O. (1922) Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 14, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1922">Watzl (1922)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously described the genus
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFF099EEDE56CFDAA" box="[223,370,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFF099EEDE56CFDAA" box="[223,370,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Bartholomea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the first cycle of mesenteries sterile. We agree with
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFC2F9EEDE150FDAA" box="[1017,1358,511,536]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Simoes, N., Sanchez-Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez, E. &amp; Segura-Puertas, L. (2012) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3556, 1 - 38." type="journal article">
Gonzalez-Muñoz
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFB159D13E0E2FDAA" box="[1219,1276,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
in that species descriptions for this genus (except for
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFD4C9D37E702FD8F" box="[666,796,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD4C9D37E702FD8F" box="[666,796,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are not complete to modern taxonomic standards and no clear differences distinguish the four putative species. In addition,
<typeStatus id="D24388408265D74DFC499D5AE7D1FDD2" box="[927,975,584,608]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
material is not available for any of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="69694B138265D74DFF219D7EE59BFD36" author="Fautin" box="[247,389,620,645]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm. (3 June 2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
). According to Pax (1926),
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFD699D7FE74FFD36" box="[703,849,621,644]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFD699D7FE74FFD36" box="[703,849,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFC309D7FE074FD37" box="[998,1130,620,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFC309D7FE074FD37" box="[998,1130,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of marginal sphincter muscle, tentacular bands only present distally and lack of zooxanthellae. Based on these differences (although taken with reservations because of the often-challenged taxonomic rigor from Pax) and the different geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFE019DCBE677FD42" box="[471,617,729,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFE019DCBE677FD42" box="[471,617,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we consider, until newly material from the
<typeStatus id="D24388408265D74DFB8E9DCAE096FD42" box="[1112,1160,728,752]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
locality is available, the latter as a valid species. Thus, we currently consider two valid species:
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFC019DEFE043FCA7" box="[983,1117,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFC019DEFE043FCA7" box="[983,1117,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributed along the entire Caribbean Sea and
<taxonomicName id="CAF84D618265D74DFEA69C33E61FFC8A" box="[368,513,801,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bartholomea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="3F8CEAF08265D74DFEA69C33E61FFC8A" box="[368,513,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributed along the coast of
<collectingCountry id="75EF76728265D74DFC859C32E794FC85" box="[851,906,800,823]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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