1076 lines
95 KiB
XML
1076 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a8bdd92-7bf8-44fb-8e8e-5c300df51a20" ID-PMC="PMC7960689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1022-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" ID-PubMed="33762866" ID-ZooBank="C0A606CC48EC43CBA7F30D62D8125F13" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1022-13" checkinTime="1615237465398" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hazzi, Nicolas A. & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2021" docId="75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1022: 13-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1022" docPubDate="2021-03-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571" docTitle="Phoneutria boliviensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668149867820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hazzi, Nicolas A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20052, USA & Fundacion Ecotonos, Cra 72 No. 13 ª- 56, Cali, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nicolashazzi@gwu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20052, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-03-08</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1022</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>50</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1022-13</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C0A606CC48EC43CBA7F30D62D8125F13</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180301621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="75AE4976-01C5-5301-9B20-17C8CBEFC593" authority="(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 9A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Ctenus boliviensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897: 80, pl. 3, (female
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Madre de Dios,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, fig. 3a-c (male), The Natural History Museum, London not found; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus nigriventroides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventroides">Ctenus nigriventroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1907: 426 (female
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Museum
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="für">fuer</normalizedToken>
|
||
Natur und Umwelt der Hansestadt,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lübeck">Luebeck</normalizedToken>
|
||
presumed lost; see Eickstedt 1979: 111, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638352" collectingDate="1907-03-14" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="Sara, W. & J. Steinbach & Sara & Dpto. Sta. Cruz de la Sierra & Steinbach" country="Bolivia" elevation="60" location="Bolivia" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valdehirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdehirsutulus">Ctenus valdehirsutulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1910: 318 (
|
||
<typeStatus>syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: female from
|
||
<collectorName>Sara, W.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1907-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1907-03-14">14 March 1907</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>J. Steinbach</collectorName>
|
||
leg., in
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ZMB30615">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
30615
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
; female from
|
||
<collectorName>Sara</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Dpto. Sta. Cruz de la Sierra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Steinbach</collectorName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ZMB30616">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
30616
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus nigriventoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventoides">Ctenus nigriventoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 475 (only citation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Strand, E" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="422 - 431" refId="B84" refString="Strand, E, 1907. Ueber drei Clubioniden und eine Pisauride vom Sorata in den Cordilleren (Guenther leg., Museum Luebeck). Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaften 79: 422 - 431" title="Ueber drei Clubioniden und eine Pisauride vom Sorata in den Cordilleren (Guenther leg., Museum Luebeck)." volume="79" year="1907">Strand 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 735.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638301" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="O. Hohenemser" country="Chile" location="Chile" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">Ctenus chilesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1915: 128 (female
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1902,
|
||
<collectorName>O. Hohenemser</collectorName>
|
||
leg., in SMF-4557)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Phoneutria boliviensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Schmidt, 1954: 414; 1956: 28;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bücherl">Buecherl</normalizedToken>
|
||
1968: 188; 1969a: 49;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31, 33-38 (redescription male and female).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria nigriventroides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventroides">Phoneutria nigriventroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bonnet, 1958: 3621 (in part, only material from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
); Eickstedt 1979: 111.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="neotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus>Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
(herein designated; see comments below).
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638302" collectingDate="2019-09-20" collectorName="N. Hazzi" country="Peru" county="Male" elevation="260" latitude="-12.2259" location="Finca Las Piedras" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.1142" municipality="Puerto Maldonado" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 54118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Male</collectingCounty>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Puerto Maldonado</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:9EFAF980175C8302401ED70158E4F144" country="Peru" county="Male" latitude="-12.2259" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.1142" municipality="Puerto Maldonado" name="Finca Las Piedras" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Finca Las Piedras</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.2259" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-12.2259">12.2259°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69.1142" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.1142">69.1142°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="2019-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-09-20">20.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
coll. (
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 54118</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="justification of the neotype designation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Justification of the
|
||
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638322" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="ICZN" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" location="Natural History Museum" municipality="The" specimenCode="ICZN 1999" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
We have designated a
|
||
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in accordance with Article 75 of the
|
||
<collectingCounty>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="ICZN">ICZN 1999</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered lost after examination of the spider material at the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:6E8996FE675317B75412681E2F2A1CE8" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Natural History Museum" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:4C5BCAC6596E9B4EC262C34F846D91A6" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="London" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">London</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:8AD4E4C8129BA545821F9DCA648358FC" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The</location>
|
||
epigynum of the
|
||
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
female was reported to be damaged by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:D681A2956AD58B32377F2764DCEC7A7F" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="In" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">In</location>
|
||
absence of type material, we consider necessary to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to clarify the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:E8F76697637209CC9B304560EF639882" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Although" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Although</location>
|
||
the original type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B97947E3E41E0A7D8CED0804AAA352AF" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Madre de Dios" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</location>
|
||
area of
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(F.O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" author="Pickard Cambridge, FO" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="52 - 106" refId="B68" refString="Pickard Cambridge, FO, 1897. VII.- On cteniform spiders from the Lower Amazons and other regions of North and South America, with list of all known species of these groups hitherto recorded from the New World. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 19 (109): 52 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" title="VII. - On cteniform spiders from the Lower Amazons and other regions of North and South America, with list of all known species of these groups hitherto recorded from the New World." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" volume="19" year="1897">Pickard-Cambridge 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the locality of the
|
||
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
) belongs to the same region.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:DE9C4D515D6DE2B951C0A80B3ECE9A3C" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The region" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The region</location>
|
||
takes its name from the
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
river, which is part of the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B2CDCA3077A57264009D519D3FF5AB59" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Amazon river" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Amazon river</location>
|
||
watershed.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F5F6762EF69FFBBC8C8599C42F7BE8C4" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
basin spreads across
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:06A05541F5DD9C9BFF656A97C35C77A2" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="This area" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">This area</location>
|
||
is called
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:654DD7BA922BF61B5549798F38843310" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Inambari" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Inambari</location>
|
||
and is considered as a single biogeographic area because of its unique composition of species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" author="Da Silva, JMC" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="689 - 694" refId="B27" refString="Da Silva, JMC, Rylands, AB, Da Fonseca, GAB, 2005. The fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism. Conservation Biology 19 (3): 689 - 694, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" title="The fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" volume="19" year="2005">Da Silva et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:04F5C5BA0077CCCEFBB7FAC24BCA6000" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="In" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">In</location>
|
||
addition, the
|
||
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is very close to the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F3CA8CC6F3B5412345383AEA3B397355" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Bolivian" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Bolivian</location>
|
||
border (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
in linear distance)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus>syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valderhirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderhirsutulus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus valderhirsutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and this species was deemed to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valderhirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderhirsutulus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus valderhirsutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the Sara Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
) are within the distribution area of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which corroborates the synonymy proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from an undisclosed locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and was deemed to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
are of introductions of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zapfe, H" journalOrPublisher="Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 136" refId="B102" refString="Zapfe, H, 1963. Aranas tropicales en nuestro pais. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 7: 133 - 136" title="Aranas tropicales en nuestro pais." volume="7" year="1963">Zapfe 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" author="Canals, LM" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B20" refString="Canals, LM, Casanueva, CME, Aguilera, AM, 2004. ¿Cuales son las especies de aranas peligrosas en Chile? Revista Medica de Chile 132(6): 773-776. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" title="¿ Cuales son las especies de aranas peligrosas en Chile? Revista Medica de Chile 132 (6): 773 - 776." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" year="2004">Canals et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although we have no reason to question the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was based on the examination of type specimens, future work should revise the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We suspect that the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an introduction of an already described species (as suggested by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Brescovit) or the result of labeling error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638313" collectingDate="2019-07-30" collectorName="Florencia & N. Hazzi & L. Martinez & E. Across-Valencia" country="Colombia" elevation="240" latitude="1.4998" location="Universidad de la Amazonia" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6632" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caqueta">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Caqueta">Caqueta</collectingRegion>
|
||
: two males,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:47ADFEE1844D4D3E235019D73EFCE352" country="Colombia" latitude="1.4998" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6632" name="Universidad de la Amazonia" stateProvince="Caqueta">Universidad de la Amazonia</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.4998" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="1.4998">1.4998°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75.6632" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.6632">75.6632°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName>Florencia</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2019-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-07-30">30.VII.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName>E. Across-Valencia</collectorName>
|
||
(MUSENUV)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638310" collectingDate="2005-10-03" collectionCode="MPUJ" country="Colombia" elevation="70" latitude="4.1128" location="Comunidad Monifue Amena" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.9311" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:AB3F0A8E2A83E829BF5EB3251BB659B7" country="Colombia" latitude="4.1128" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.9311" name="Comunidad Monifue Amena" stateProvince="Amazonas">Comunidad Monifue Amena</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.1128" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.1128">4.1128°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69.9311" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.9311">69.9311°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<date value="2005-10-03">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2005-10-03">03.X.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode>MPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638308" collectingDate="2019-09-02" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Iquitos & N. Hazzi & E. Vargas & G. Gagliardi" country="Peru" elevation="120" latitude="-3.9663" location="Biological Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.4368" municipality="Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Loreto">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
: two males and two females,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F7702980712C9A983B2345759D191315" country="Peru" latitude="-3.9663" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.4368" municipality="Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana" name="Biological Station" stateProvince="Loreto">Biological Station</location>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“José">"Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
Alvarez Alonso" (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.9663" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.9663">3.9663°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.4368" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.4368">73.4368°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName>Iquitos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2019-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-09-02">02.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>G. Gagliardi</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162185">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162185
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638341" collectingDate="2019-09-01" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Puerto Almendras & Iquitos & N. Hazzi & E. Vargas" country="Peru" elevation="110" latitude="-3.8466" location="Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.3671" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female and one male,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:8FA5B8F424BFE29EF945372753DE7874" country="Peru" latitude="-3.8466" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.3671" name="Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana">Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.8466" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.8466">3.8466°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.3671" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.3671">73.3671°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="110.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName>Puerto Almendras</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Iquitos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2019-09-01">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-09-01">01.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162186">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162186
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
?)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638318" collectingDate="2019-09-04" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="N. Hazzi & E. Vargas" country="Peru" elevation="90" latitude="-3.5617" location="San Rafael" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.1191" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:29A456F0DDA4505BF41A3340B6DB8758" country="Peru" latitude="-3.5617" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.1191" name="San Rafael">San Rafael</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.5617" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.5617">3.5617°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.1191" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.1191">73.1191°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="2019-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-09-04">04.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162187">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162187
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
?)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638306" collectingDate="1988-07-09" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Fernandez & P. Hocking" country="Peru" elevation="150" latitude="-7.1158" location="Cerros Orullana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2709" municipality="Inahuaya" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511187" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Inahuaya</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:147D75389BEAF2961C347F5BE470CA74" country="Peru" latitude="-7.1158" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2709" municipality="Inahuaya" name="Cerros Orullana">Cerros Orullana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.1158" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1158">7.1158°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75.2709" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.2709">75.2709°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1988-07-09">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1988-07-09">9.VII.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Fernandez</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>P. Hocking</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511187</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638316" collectingDate="2019-04-15" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="N. Hazzi" country="Peru" elevation="220" latitude="-9.6137" location="Panguana Biological Research Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.9352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ucayali">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Ucayali">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
: four females and four males,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:7F034A0BE84EA2F7A70DC4163865B535" country="Peru" latitude="-9.6137" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.9352" name="Panguana Biological Research Station" stateProvince="Ucayali">Panguana Biological Research Station</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.6137" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.6137">9.6137°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74.9352" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.9352">74.9352°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="220.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="2019-04-15">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-04-15">15.IV.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162188">
|
||
<collectionCode country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162188
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638314" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="ICZN" country="Peru" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" location="Natural History Museum" municipality="The" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 054122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one female, same data as neotype (
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 054122</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638328" collectingDate="1987-10-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. Silva & J. Coddington" country="Peru" elevation="250" latitude="-11.96" location="Zona Reservada de Manu" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:5BE0BEC886D2ED26EC7C08304384CE53" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" name="Zona Reservada de Manu">Zona Reservada de Manu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.96" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-11.96">11.96°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.30" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-71.3">71.30°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1987-10-01">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-10-01">01.X.1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>D. Silva</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>J. Coddington</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638334" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Peru" elevation="290" latitude="-12.83" location="Zona Reservada Tambopata" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-69.283" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 507653, 507657, 507658" specimenCount="1">
|
||
three females and one male,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:54605BB53EB9788F94E4FF116CED65C8" country="Peru" latitude="-12.83" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-69.283" name="Zona Reservada Tambopata">Zona Reservada Tambopata</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.83" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-12.83">12.83°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69.283" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-69.283">69.283°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="m" value="290.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 507653</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">507657</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">507658</specimenCode>
|
||
and 507659)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638311" collectingDate="1987-05-26" collectionCode="V" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" location="Zona Reservada Pakitza" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509196" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:825EE9F2651EFE5D16EC10C0DED155EB" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" name="Zona Reservada Pakitza">Zona Reservada Pakitza</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.96" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-11.96">11.96°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.30" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-71.3">71.30°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1987-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-05-26">
|
||
26.
|
||
<collectionCode country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509196</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638349" collectingDate="2009-06-19" collectionCode="VI" country="Peru" latitude="-12.8455" location="Explorers Inn" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.2942" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 500807" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one male,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:5FC0D3804FD263C200E6EF930C5FB380" country="Peru" latitude="-12.8455" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.2942" name="Explorers Inn">Explorers Inn</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.8455" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-12.8455">12.8455°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69.2942" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.2942">69.2942°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="2009-06-19">
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-06-19">
|
||
19.
|
||
<collectionCode country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.2009
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 500807</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638329" collectingDate="1987-06-27" collectionCode="VI, V" collectorName="Morales" country="Peru" latitude="-12.042" location="Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-71.7248" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:2FD295AB326708D6D04C9F89537B4914" country="Peru" latitude="-12.042" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-71.7248" name="Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath">Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.042" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-12.042">12.042°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.7248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-71.7248">71.7248°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1987-06-27">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-06-27">
|
||
27.
|
||
<collectionCode country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName>Morales</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509147</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638344" collectingDate="1987-05-18" collectionCode="V" collectorName="SW Puerto Inca" country="Peru" elevation="270" latitude="-9.633" location="Dantas la Molina" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-75.0" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 507582, 511349" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huanuco">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Huanuco">Huanuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
: one female and one male,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:78FB5B2B0830CD8BBAFF98C5F63DA10E" country="Peru" latitude="-9.633" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-75.0" name="Dantas la Molina" stateProvince="Huanuco">Dantas la Molina</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.633" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-9.633">9.633°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="-75.0">75°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="270.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName>SW Puerto Inca</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1987-05-18">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-05-18">
|
||
18.
|
||
<collectionCode country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 507582</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">511349</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638305" collectingDate="1998-08-16" country="Peru" elevation="350" latitude="-7.1669" location="Juanji" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-76.7395" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511348" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="San Martin">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one female,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:DAD6149AEC999E8D25D8D14A8EB2E6EC" country="Peru" latitude="-7.1669" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-76.7395" name="Juanji" stateProvince="San Martin">Juanji</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.1669" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1669">7.1669°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="76.7395" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.7395">76.7395°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1998-08-16">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-08-16">16.VIII.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511348</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638324" collectingDate="1998-03-08" collectorName="P. Hocking" country="Peru" latitude="-9.9369" location="Rio Palcazu" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2471" municipality="Santa Maria" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511043" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one male,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Santa Maria</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:31040117FA35AB4095EC40E7BA76507B" country="Peru" latitude="-9.9369" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2471" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Rio Palcazu" stateProvince="Pasco">Rio Palcazu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.9369" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.9369">9.9369°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75.2471" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.2471">75.2471°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1998-03-08">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-03-08">8.III.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>P. Hocking</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511043</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638304" collectingDate="1994-07-18" collectorName="M. Ortega" country="Peru" latitude="-4.59841" location="Condorcanqui" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-77.8599" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509062" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one male,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B2752338DD21AB964B349FE0D7789642" country="Peru" latitude="-4.59841" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-77.8599" name="Condorcanqui" stateProvince="Amazonas">Condorcanqui</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.59841" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.59841">4.59841°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77.8599" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.8599">77.8599°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date value="1994-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate value="1994-07-18">18.VII.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>M. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509062</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the truncated apex of the RTA (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but differ by the smaller tegulum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), round median apophysis enlarged at the base (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), locking lobes located posteriorly (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast with the narrow base of the median apophysis and pronounced lateral locking lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and embolus without internal bulge (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the general configuration of the epigynum but differ by the wider area of the EMF (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and reduced spermatheca heads (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast with the less sclerotized copulatory ducts and larger spermatheca heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, both females and males can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remaining Amazonian species (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. perty" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="perty">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. perty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area of the carapace which are also absent in all other congeneric species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
), left male palp
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
prolateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
), female genitalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
epigynum, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca,
|
||
<collectionCode country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
= posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Puerto Maldonado, Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode>MUSM-ENT</collectionCode>
|
||
54118). Coloration (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Carapace brown with a longitudinal black line, transversal black stripes and two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area. Ocular area with dark black-blue setae and back oblique band from PLE to anterior dorsal shield of prosoma edge. Chelicerae brown. Sternum, endites and labium yellowish-brown. Dorsal abdomen yellow-brown, with a longitudinal black line reaching to the median region; ventrally dark brown with four series of pale brown dots. Total length 20.93. Carapace 10.91 long and 13.18 wide, eye diameters: AME 0.41, ALE 0.23, PME 0.72, PLE 0.46. Clypeal height 0.26, sternum 4.57 long, 4.00 wide; labium 1.31 long, 0.84 wide. Leg measurements: I: femur 12.20, patella 4.20, tibia 13.52, metatarsus 17.98, tarsus 5.00, total 52.90; II: 17.60, 7.49, 18.81, 13.65, 3.94, total 61.49; III, 14.09, 6.62, 12.42, 8.18, 2.43, total 43.74; IV 11.79, 4.42, 10.8, 12.58, 3.42, total 43.01. Leg spination: I tibia v2-2-2-2-2, d1-1-1, p0-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-0-0 r1-0-0, II tibia v-2-2-2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-0-0 r1-0-0, III v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, IV tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Palp. RTA small and truncated at the apex (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
); embolus curve without internal bulge (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); cup-shaped median apophysis constrained at the base (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); conductor membranous, hyaline and C-shaped (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegulum with probasal rounded projection (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Puerto Maldonado, Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode>MUSM-ENT</collectionCode>
|
||
054122). Coloration (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Carapace brown with a longitudinal black line and two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area. Ocular area with dark brown setae and back oblique band from PLE to anterior dorsal shield of prosoma edge. Chelicerae brown with red setae. Sternum, endites and labium yellowish-brown. Dorsal abdomen yellow-brown, with a yellow dot; ventrally dark brown with four series of pale brown dots. Total length 20.19. Carapace 9.70 long and 7.57 wide, eye diameter: AME 0.45, ALE 0.29, PME 0.46, PLE 0.53. Clypeal height 0.44, sternum long 3.94 and 3.55 wide, endites 3.89 long and 2.50 wide, labium 1.43 long and 1.25 wide. Leg measurements: I: femur 9.06, patella 3.98, tibia 9.93, metatarsus 8.01, tarsus 2.33, total 33.31; II, 8.45, 4.19, 8.67, 6.90, 2.27, total 30.48; III 6.92, 3.20, 5.97, 5.46, 1.59, total 23.14; IV 8.66, 3.51, 8.06, 9.00, 1.58, total 30.81. Leg spination: tibia I-II v2-2-2-2-2, metatarsus I-II v2-2-2-2-2; III tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0; metatarsus v2-2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Epigynum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
): middle field convex with straight edges, anteriorly divergent and posteriorly convergent; lateral field with lateral apophysis. Vulva (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
): copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized and reduced spermatheca heads, fertilization ducts small and posteriorly located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Males (n = 6): Total length 9.70-10.60, carapace 4.86-5.90, femur I 5.90-6.72. Females (n = 5): Total length 12.22-15.22, carapace 6.33-6.97, femur I 5.20-5.86.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Lowland tropical rain forests of the Amazon (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1000 m</quantity>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Occurrence records of P. boliviensis and P. depilata obtained from LIFIMU database (A) and iNaturalist (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517666" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">11</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution models A, B binary model (5 % threshold) of P. depilata and P. boliviensis, respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517668" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest species of the genus and it inhabits in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reidyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="reidyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. reidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" author="Torres-Sanchez, MP" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="433 - 440" refId="B88" refString="Torres-Sanchez, MP, Gasnier, TR, 2010. Patterns of abundance, habitat use and body size structure of Phoneutria reidyi and P. fera (Araneae: Ctenidae) in a Central Amazonian rainforest. The Journal of Arachnology 38 (3): 433 - 440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" title="Patterns of abundance, habitat use and body size structure of Phoneutria reidyi and P. fera (Araneae: Ctenidae) in a Central Amazonian rainforest." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" volume="38" year="2010">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Torres-Sánchez">Torres-Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Gasnier (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be restricted to periodically indudated forests because they have never been detected in "terra firme" forests. In
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species was also very common in swamp forests (aguajales) dominated by the large, dioecious palm
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mauritia flexuosa" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Mauritia flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we also found that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not exclusive to inundated forests but also can be found in "terra firme" forests and even in the Amazonian foothills in
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Caqueta">Caqueta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In these non-inundated ecosystems,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in secondary forests and forest edges. This species lives in the leaf litter and low vegetation. It is interesting to highlight that in the Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we always found
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but never with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reidyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="reidyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. reidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |