233 lines
31 KiB
XML
233 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="FAB5926456B1E19EA3E581B5240079E0" ID-CLB-Dataset="4904" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3857.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1584a70-08c3-4429-b49e-69ae45cb14ba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929981" ID-ZooBank="96CEC1DB-94B8-4E38-88E1-CBA15871C2AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623441269573" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vieira, Leandro M., Jones, Mary Spencer & Taylor, Paul D." docDate="2014" docId="6E0B87BA463B4C3614B5EB7AFAE3FD53" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03857p182.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3857 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Watersipora subtorquata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="9232FFC2463A4C341422EE26FF9BFFA3" masterDocTitle="The identity of the invasive fouling bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny) and some other congeneric species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1699012974352" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A9FF677901236441CD3B813E146A3FEC">
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<mods:title id="F1CE6C4C89C4479BB971E6CFCC9FD033">The identity of the invasive fouling bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny) and some other congeneric species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BDACBF96A5D6E924BACB816CD64F9E6E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CBF5F97CAB96AA5C95163508BE25A1A9">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20BE7C72EE4BFEF26309EB4736BFC671">Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: leandromanzoni @ hotmail. com Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. E-mail: m. spencer-jones @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5076B04C2264827AFAD33E8A00D51EA4">Jones, Mary Spencer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="407A35D49FE99A73F8924862BC2C21EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="180FE54270E40A819ABB7413898A5DD4">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B2B87330ED9F89D5B0C3C0544077655">Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. E-mail: p. taylor @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8FBFC5D09C5E1E9AA40367632767B769">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8B097A7493FC6C1729E650F2FA6E3443">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3948B3A231F74C1A03330D1034996E42">2014-08-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="86408843046705D3C4D58B1A2B23647C">3857</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6E0B87BA463B4C3614B5EB7AFAE3FD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184640155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E0B87BA463B4C3614B5EB7AFAE3FD53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E0B87BA463B4C3614B5EB7AFAE3FD53" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="AEB86527463B4C3514B5EB7AFCAAFAD5" box="[151,817,1371,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E61D36AC463B4C3514B5EB7AFCAAFAD5" blockId="1.[151,817,1371,1398]" box="[151,817,1371,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="BD5581C0463B4C3514B5EB7AFCAAFAD5" bold="true" box="[151,817,1371,1398]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C3514B5EB7AFCAAFAD5" bold="true" box="[151,817,1371,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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Identity of
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C351503EB7DFCAAFAD5" ID-CoL="5BV6H" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[289,817,1371,1398]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subtorquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C351503EB7DFDD1FAD6" bold="true" box="[289,586,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Watersipora subtorquata</emphasis>
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(d’Orbigny, 1852)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEB86527463B4C3614B5EB84FAE3FD53" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E61D36AC463B4C3614B5EB84FEAEFF5B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1442,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1439,151,752]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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Critical to understanding the correct name of the common fouling species of
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C351011EB85FB27FA19" authorityName="Neviani" authorityYear="1896" box="[1075,1212,1443,1466]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C351011EB85FB27FA19" box="[1075,1212,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Watersipora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is establishing the identity of
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C351502EBE1FD2FFA7C" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[288,692,1478,1503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subtorquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C351502EBE1FE4BFA7D" box="[288,464,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">W. subtorquata</emphasis>
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(d’Orbigny, 1852)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Specimens of a bryozoan from
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<collectingRegion id="2466F84E463B4C35106AEBE0FB63FA7C" box="[1096,1272,1478,1503]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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described by d’Orbigny (1842) as
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C3515A6EBCDFCD9F9A0" authority="(Lamouroux, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[388,834,1514,1539]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Escharina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="torquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C3515A6EBCDFDC5F9A1" box="[388,606,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Escharina torquata</emphasis>
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(Lamouroux, 1825)
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</taxonomicName>
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were later renamed by him (d’Orbigny 1852, p. 399) as
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C351499E828FE25F985" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[187,446,1550,1574]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subtorquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C351499E828FE25F985" box="[187,446,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Cellepora subtorquata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, presumably to avoid homonymy with another species he referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C35110EE828FDACF9E8" authority="(Quoy & Gaimard, 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="torquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C35110EE828FF6CF9E9" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Cellepora torquata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C35152EE814FDB4F9E8" author="Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P." box="[268,559,1586,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref19522" refString="Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1827) Observations zoologiques faites a bord de l'Astrolabe, en mai 1826, dans le detroit de Gibraltar. Annales des Sciences Natureles, Series 1, 10, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1827">Quoy & Gaimard, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(see d’Orbigny 1852, p. 403).
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C35179CE815FBFFF9E8" author="Waters, A. W." box="[958,1124,1586,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="28 - 43" refId="ref20432" refString="Waters, A. W. (1879) III. - On the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Naples. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 3, 28 - 43. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908682488" type="journal article" year="1879">Waters (1879)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymised d’Orbigny’s
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C3514B5E870FE00F9CD" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,411,1622,1646]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subtorquata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C3514B5E870FE00F9CD" box="[151,411,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Cellepora subtorquata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C3515CAE870FCC9F9CC" authority="Busk, 1854" authorityName="sensu Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[488,850,1622,1647]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Lepralia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cucullata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C3515CAE870FD25F9CD" box="[488,702,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Lepralia cucullata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C3516EEE870FCC9F9CC" author="Busk, G." box="[716,850,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" refId="ref17512" refString="Busk, G. (1854) Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum, II. Cheilostomata (part). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 54 pp." type="book" year="1854">Busk, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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but inexplicably applied the name of the junior synonym
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<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F463B4C351528E85DFE0FF930" authorityName="sensu Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[266,404,1659,1683]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Lepralia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cucullata">
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<emphasis id="D4D6EABE463B4C351528E85DFE0FF930" box="[266,404,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">L. cucullata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for his specimens from Naples. The first revision of d’Orbigny’s
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<typeStatus id="3919880E463B4C351089E85DFB40F930" box="[1195,1243,1659,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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was undertaken subsequently by
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C35157EE8B9FE64F914" author="Waters, A. W." box="[348,511,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref20485" refString="Waters, A. W. (1905) Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in d'Orbigny's collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1905">Waters (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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who studied d’Orbigny’s material deposited at the
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<collectingRegion id="2466F84E463B4C35107DE8B9FB22F915" box="[1119,1209,1695,1718]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">MNHN</collectingRegion>
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. He noted the high quality of d’Orbigny’s original figures but remarked that, in the original specimens, the projecting lateral wings on each side of the sinus were more developed than those depicted by d’Orbigny (1842).
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C3510A3E8C0FA07F95C" author="Taylor, P. D. & Gordon, D. P." box="[1153,1436,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="533 - 547" refId="ref20159" refString="Taylor, P. D. & Gordon, D. P. (2002) Alcide d'Orbigny's work on Recent and fossil bryozoans. Compte Rendu Palevol, 1, 533 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1631 - 0683 (02) 00067 - 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Taylor & Gordon (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed the bryozoan work of Alcide d’Orbigny (1802–1857), publishing a scanning electron micrograph of d’Orbigny’s
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<typeStatus id="3919880E463B4C35150BE909FEC2F8E4" box="[297,345,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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specimen (
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<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C3515C3E908FD68F8E4" author="Taylor, P. D. & Gordon, D. P." box="[481,755,1838,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="533 - 547" refId="ref20159" refString="Taylor, P. D. & Gordon, D. P. (2002) Alcide d'Orbigny's work on Recent and fossil bryozoans. Compte Rendu Palevol, 1, 533 - 547. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1631 - 0683 (02) 00067 - 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Taylor & Gordon 2002</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1C) in which it is possible to recognize some of the diagnostic features (orifice shape and frontal pseudopores) depicted in the original figures of this species. The
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<typeStatus id="3919880E463B4C35114EE975FA07F8C8" box="[1388,1436,1875,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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specimen of d’Orbigny (
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<collectingRegion id="2466F84E463B4C351596E950FD95F82C" box="[436,526,1910,1935]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">MNHN</collectingRegion>
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, d’Orbigny Collection 13637) (
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<figureCitation id="7E992A29463B4C35175CE950FC7FF82C" box="[894,996,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN, d’Orbigny Collection 13637, holotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, general view of the colony; 2, autozooidal arrangement around the ancestrular area; 3, autozooids; 4, close-up of the ancestrula, showing the orifice with projecting proximo-lateral wings; 5, close-up of orifice with wide sinus and condyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929983/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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) comprises a large colony with some intact opercula (
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<figureCitation id="7E992A29463B4C351571E9BCFE26F810" box="[339,445,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN, d’Orbigny Collection 13637, holotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, general view of the colony; 2, autozooidal arrangement around the ancestrular area; 3, autozooids; 4, close-up of the ancestrula, showing the orifice with projecting proximo-lateral wings; 5, close-up of orifice with wide sinus and condyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929983/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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); the projecting proximolateral wings are well developed in most zooids (
|
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<figureCitation id="7E992A29463B4C351101E9BCFAF0F810" box="[1315,1387,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN, d’Orbigny Collection 13637, holotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, general view of the colony; 2, autozooidal arrangement around the ancestrular area; 3, autozooids; 4, close-up of the ancestrula, showing the orifice with projecting proximo-lateral wings; 5, close-up of orifice with wide sinus and condyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929983/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), as observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D463B4C35150AE999FE51F874" author="Waters, A. W." box="[296,458,1982,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref20485" refString="Waters, A. W. (1905) Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in d'Orbigny's collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1905">Waters (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but with increasing calcification can become obscured, shallow and inconspicuous in frontal views of the orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7E992A2946384C3615F7EEB1FDA7FF13" box="[469,572,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN, d’Orbigny Collection 13637, holotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, general view of the colony; 2, autozooidal arrangement around the ancestrular area; 3, autozooids; 4, close-up of the ancestrula, showing the orifice with projecting proximo-lateral wings; 5, close-up of orifice with wide sinus and condyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 3, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The subcircular orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7E992A2946384C361741EEB1FC3DFF13" box="[867,934,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-133@7.[151,1436,337,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN, d’Orbigny Collection 13637, holotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, general view of the colony; 2, autozooidal arrangement around the ancestrular area; 3, autozooids; 4, close-up of the ancestrula, showing the orifice with projecting proximo-lateral wings; 5, close-up of orifice with wide sinus and condyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) was well figured in d’Orbigny’s plates; the orifice is slightly wider than long, with a U-shaped sinus demarcated by triangular condyles that project distomedially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E61D36AC46384C3614E5EF22FAE3FD53" blockId="2.[151,1439,151,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Comparisons of d’Orbigny’s type specimen and the specimens identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C361007EF22FB5EFEBE" author="Marcus, E." box="[1061,1221,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref18977" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C3610F3EF22FA91FEBE" author="Marcus, E." box="[1233,1290,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref19013" refString="Marcus, E. (1938) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 2. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 2, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EB5763C46384C36117AEF22FA07FEBE" box="[1368,1436,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C36156BEF0EFDDAFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[329,577,296,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C36156BEF0EFDDAFEE3" box="[329,577,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Watersipora cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1948.2.16.18, and uncatalogued specimens deposited at MZUSP) indicate that they represent the same species, as has been suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C3617E9EF6AFBEFFEC6" author="Gordon, D. P." box="[971,1140,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref17948" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1989) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Cheilostomida Ascophorina) from the western South Island continental shelf and slope. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 97, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C36108DEF6AFA03FEC6" author="Ryland, J. S. & de Blauwe, H. & Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A." box="[1199,1432,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref19695" refString="Ryland, J. S., de Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A. (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ryland
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C361125EF6BFAD9FEC7" box="[1287,1346,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C3614B5EF56FEA3FE2B" author="Marcus, E." box="[151,312,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref18977" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 24, fig. 63A, B) showed the orifice to have well-developed proximolateral wings in Brazilian colonies. In addition, the operculum in the Brazilian specimens is characterized by a parallel-sided dark band of two proximal lucidae adjacent to the condyles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C36168FEF91FCDDFE73" author="Marcus, E." box="[685,838,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref18977" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros, 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 24, fig. 63A, B). The same operculum shape and lucidae were observed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2466F84E46384C3615E1EFFAFDF7FE56" box="[451,620,476,501]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens figured by Ramalho
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3617C4EFFBFBB9FE57" box="[998,1058,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009, fig. 3D) in material they named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C3614CCEC26FD9FFDBB" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[238,516,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subovoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3614CCEC26FD9FFDBB" box="[238,516,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Watersipora subovoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C36163AEFD9FC84FDBB" author="Ramalho, L. V. & Muricy, G. & Taylor, P. D." box="[536,799,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="757 - 798" refId="ref19572" refString="Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G. & Taylor, P. D. (2011) Taxonomic revision of some lepraliomorph cheilostome bryozoans (Bryozoa: Lepraliomorpha) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 45, 757 - 798. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2010.535917" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Ramalho
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3616A8EC27FD5AFDBB" box="[650,705,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C3617BEEFD9FB15FDBB" author="Ryland, J. S. & de Blauwe, H. & Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A." box="[924,1166,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref19695" refString="Ryland, J. S., de Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A. (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ryland
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3617DBEC27FBACFDBB" box="[1017,1079,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in using the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C3611A2EC27FE8CFD9F" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subovoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3611A2EC27FE8CFD9F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">W. subovoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for specimens with “triangular, tooth-like condyles, located distomedially [
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C36108CEC03FB56FD9F" box="[1198,1229,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">sic</emphasis>
|
||
], and a strongly pigmented operculum with a parallel-sided dark central band”. All characteristics described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C3610F6EC6FFAE3FDC3" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1236,1400,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subovoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3610F6EC6FFAE3FDC3" box="[1236,1400,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">W. subovoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C3614B5EC4AFEE4FD26" author="Ryland, J. S. & de Blauwe, H. & Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A." box="[151,383,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref19695" refString="Ryland, J. S., de Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A. (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ryland
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3614D2EC4BFEB0FD27" box="[240,299,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest that their specimens actually belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C361788EC4BFBCEFD27" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[938,1109,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subtorquata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C361788EC4BFBCEFD27" box="[938,1109,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">W. subtorquata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and restudy of the material they analyzed (NHMUK 2007.12.14.2–8) confirms this supposition. However, neither figures nor descriptions of Busk’s type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C361591EC92FD18FD6F" authorityName="sensu Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[435,643,692,716]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Lepralia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C361591EC92FD18FD6F" box="[435,643,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Lepralia cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1854.11.15.189), designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C36104DEC92FAE6FD6E" author="Ryland, J. S. & de Blauwe, H. & Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A." box="[1135,1405,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref19695" refString="Ryland, J. S., de Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A. (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ryland
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C3610E4EC93FB64FD6F" box="[1222,1279,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009: 54)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3919880E46384C3614E2ECFEFE83FD53" box="[192,280,728,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A24D2F46384C36151CECFEFDD5FD53" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[318,590,728,752]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Watersiporidae" genus="Watersipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="subovoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C36151CECFEFDD5FD53" box="[318,590,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Watersipora subovoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82334B5D46384C361720ECF1FC7FFD53" author="Ryland, J. S. & de Blauwe, H. & Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A." box="[770,996,727,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref19695" refString="Ryland, J. S., de Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J. A. A. (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ryland
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D6EABE46384C36177AECFFFC0AFD53" box="[856,913,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a situation which we rectify below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |