534 lines
62 KiB
XML
534 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="28D58C142EA9A3D7C14750F8A9451264">Hidden Brazilian Amazon diversity: four new species, redescription and notes on natural history of Termitozophilus Silvestri, 1901 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D829A6932C5F558D70A4A29A803C4CE8">Silva, Ruan Felipe Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A9B9F29E6D600251366DBC23986D604">Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução. & Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Coordenação de Zoologia. Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="920C831B3006D1A53B1405724B334264">Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494; 04218 - 970, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B59BFF68A38070AFABDA28764DE6F6E">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Coordenação de Zoologia. Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB28FFA95DF0F96BFDC73DEC" ID-CoL="8XQ9M" authority="Silvestri, 1901" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,529,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95DF0F96BFE8C3DED" bold="true" box="[151,346,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95C06F96BFDC73DEC" author="Silvestri, F." box="[353,529,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref12370" refString="Silvestri, F. (1901) Descrizione di nuovi Termitofili e relazioni di essi con gli ospiti: III. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 16 (398), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628" type="journal article" year="1901">Silvestri, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95DF0F92EFEEF3DAF" box="[151,313,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95C21F92EFDD73DAF" author="Silvestri, F." box="[326,513,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref12370" refString="Silvestri, F. (1901) Descrizione di nuovi Termitofili e relazioni di essi con gli ospiti: III. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 16 (398), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628" type="journal article" year="1901">Silvestri, 1901: 7</bibRefCitation>
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species:
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95E49F92EFBCC3DAF" box="[814,1050,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">Termitozophilus laetus</emphasis>
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);
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(redescription);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF10FFEB28FFA95C0CF8CFFDF43C4E" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[363,546,1798,1822]" page="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95C0CF8CFFDF43C4E" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[363,546,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref12328" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1957) A monograph on the termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology, 40, 1 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3797" type="journal article" year="1957">Seevers, 1957: 65</bibRefCitation>
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(redescription);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF10FFEB28FFA95FAAF8CFFC4E3C4E" author="Campbell, J. M." box="[717,920,1798,1822]" page="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95FAAF8CFFC4E3C4E" author="Campbell, J. M." box="[717,920,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="83 - 94" refId="ref11063" refString="Campbell, J. M. (1973) New species and records of Neotropical termitophilous Staphylinidae: I. Subtribe Timeparthenina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 27 (2), 83 - 94." type="journal article" year="1973">Campbell, 1973: 92</bibRefCitation>
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(redescription and key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF10FFEB28FFA959FBF8CFFA4A3C4E" author="Jacobson, H. R. & Kistner, D. H. & Pasteels, J. M." box="[1180,1436,1798,1822]" page="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA959FBF8CFFA4A3C4E" author="Jacobson, H. R. & Kistner, D. H. & Pasteels, J. M." box="[1180,1436,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref11461" refString="Jacobson, H. R., Kistner, D. H. & Pasteels, J. M. (1986) Generic revision, phylogenetic classification, and phylogeny of the termitophilous tribe Corotocini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Sociobiology, 12 (1), 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1986">
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Jacobson
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95867F8CEFAE23C4E" box="[1280,1332,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1986: 18
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(redescription); Zilberman, 2019: 96 (redescription).
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB28FFA95DF0F88AFE333C0B" ID-CoL="8XKKG" authority="Mann, 1923: 346" authorityName="Mann" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,485,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Corymbogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95DF0F88AFEE33C0B" box="[151,309,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">Corymbogaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95C5DF88DFE333C0B" author="Mann, W. M." box="[314,485,1859,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="323 - 366" refId="ref11826" refString="Mann, W. M. (1923) New genera and species of termitophilous Coleoptera from northern South America. Zoologica, 3 (17), 323 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184636" type="journal article" year="1923">Mann, 1923: 346</bibRefCitation>
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(description,
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB28FFA95F93F88AFBBA3C0B" ID-CoL="YQF2" authority="Mann, 1923" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1923" box="[756,1132,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Corymbogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB28FFA95F93F88AFC3B3C0B" box="[756,1005,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="502">Corymbogaster miranda</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA95E95F88DFBBA3C0B" author="Mann, W. M." box="[1010,1132,1859,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="323 - 366" refId="ref11826" refString="Mann, W. M. (1923) New genera and species of termitophilous Coleoptera from northern South America. Zoologica, 3 (17), 323 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184636" type="journal article" year="1923">Mann, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) [synonymized by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF10FFEB28FFA9584CF88AFEF93C2A" author="Borgmeier, T." page="638" pageId="1" pageNumber="502" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB28FFA9584CF88AFEF93C2A" author="Borgmeier, T." pageId="1" pageNumber="502" pagination="625 - 676" refId="ref11016" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1950) Neue Gattungen und Arten termitophiler Staphyliniden aus Brasilien, nesbt einem Katalog aller bisher aus der neotropishen Region beschriebenen Arten (Col. Staph.). Revista de Entomologia, 21 (3), 625 - 676." type="journal article" year="1950">Borgmeier, 1950: 638</bibRefCitation>
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, 640].
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|
||
<caption id="DF316666EB2BFFAA5DF0F896FD853CB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7469359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7469359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7469359/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" startId="2.[151,250,1887,1911]" targetBox="[210,1377,179,1861]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2BFFAA5DF0F896FD853CB4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1887,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5DF0F896FEEB3C27" bold="true" box="[151,317,1887,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">FIGURE 1. A)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5C2EF8A9FD583C28" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[329,654,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5C2EF8A9FDCA3C28" box="[329,540,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Cornitermes pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
Holmgren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest, Peixe-Boi, Pará, Brazil.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5EBCF896FC233C27" bold="true" box="[987,1013,1887,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">B)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5966F8A9FB053C28" box="[1025,1235,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5966F8A9FB053C28" box="[1025,1235,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Cornitermes pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest and collector (1.80m).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5D91F84AFEC73CCB" bold="true" box="[246,273,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">C)</emphasis>
|
||
Opened nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5CDAF84DFDF23CCC" box="[445,548,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5CDAF84DFDF23CCC" box="[445,548,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">C. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5F55F84AFD9B3CCB" bold="true" box="[562,589,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">D)</emphasis>
|
||
Fragment of the nest with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5E00F84DFBDF3CCC" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[871,1033,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5E00F84DFBDF3CCC" box="[871,1033,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with termites (arrow showing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5DF0F861FEEF3C90" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,313,1960,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5DF0F861FEEF3C90" box="[151,313,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5C37F86EFEBF3CEF" bold="true" box="[336,361,1959,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">E)</emphasis>
|
||
Material utilized in nest sorting.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5FA2F86EFD083CEF" bold="true" box="[709,734,1959,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">F)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5F82F861FCB23CEF" authorityName="Wasmann (Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[741,868,1960,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5F82F861FCB23CEF" box="[741,868,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5EFEF861FBED3C90" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[921,1083,1960,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5EFEF861FBED3C90" box="[921,1083,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens under observation in a petri dish (arrow showing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2BFFAA5CC4F805FD933CB4" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[419,581,1996,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2BFFAA5CC4F805FD933CB4" box="[419,581,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546565EB2AFFAB5DF0FF5EFEF33BA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DF0FF5EFEF33BA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5DF0FF5EFE9C3BE1" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,330,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DF0FF5EFE9C3BE1" box="[151,330,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recently redescribed by Zilberman (2019). However, because the four new species revealed in this study more than doubled the number of known species in the genus, a redescription and additional discussion are required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546565EB2AFFAB5DA0FECAFCEC3DED" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DA0FECAFE503869" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DA0FECAFED13A4D" bold="true" box="[199,263,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Head</emphasis>
|
||
elongate to subquadrate; gula subtriangular, widest at base, fused to mentum; foramen magnum short with vertex bearing four to six bristles and with a strong V-shaped impression in front, between the eye.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB59BAFEEFFA923A10" bold="true" box="[1245,1348,294,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
with 11 antennomeres, antennomeres shape varying among species, interarticular membrane between antennomeres II and III largely exposed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5C1AFEA6FE373AD9" bold="true" box="[381,481,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Labrum</emphasis>
|
||
more than twice wider than long; five main bristles on each lateral half, distributed in two pairs in diagonal rows and one with variable position.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E2FFE5BFC6D3AFC" bold="true" box="[840,955,402,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
symmetrical, internal margin with a mesal broad tooth; with pores on surface of mesal region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5F97FE7FFC9A3A80" bold="true" box="[752,844,438,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
with stipe almost as wide as long, a long bristle at apex, close to first palpomere, and four short bristles close to galea; lacina subquadrate to elongate, covered with bristles of different length at margins; galea narrow, about as long as lacina; surface covered with some moderately long bristles; maxillary palpus densely setose and with four palpomeres with different degree of sclerotization: palpomere I short and subquadrate, palpomeres II–IV elongate; only palpomeres II and III covered with long bristles; palpomeres I–III porose and with a scaled surface, gradually increasing from I to III; palpomere IV not scaled and with sensilla.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5C5EFD47FE4E39F8" bold="true" box="[313,408,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
with epipharynx covered with pores and with short bristles; lateral lobes of epipharynx developed, with a row of bristles on each side; labial palpus setose, 3-articulated; palpomeres I–II subquadrate; last palpomere elongate and narrow; ligula narrowed at base, with rounded or bifid apex, almost variating in shape among species; mentum and submentum distinct or not; preapical and proximal bristles always present and apical bristle present or not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DA0FC8BFDE63F2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DA0FC8BFE95380C" bold="true" box="[199,323,834,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Inner and outer paratergites fused or not to a single sclerite by secondary sclerotization; paratergites fused or not to tergites or sternites; each inner and outer paratergite with two rows of three to six bristles; tergite VII from subquadrate to about twice as wide as long, with or without bristles; when present, distributed in two rows of long bristles, medial region with two bristles and posterior region with six bristles, short bristles covering entire surface, glandular structure present, continuous along its length (not separated).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5909FC1BFB3F38BC" bold="true" box="[1134,1257,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
|
||
Paramere welldeveloped, with two to four bristles on apical lobe and velar sac well developed extending to apical lobe; median lobe with rounded bulbus and with subquadrate tubus apex, with sclerites of the internal sac well developed, variable among species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5C2DFBF7FE393F08" bold="true" box="[330,495,1086,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Spermatheca.</emphasis>
|
||
Capsule large and sclerotized; chamber and duct fused, curved, with duct placed in posterior region, weakly sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DA0FB4FFA5C3E29" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DA0FB4FFE973FF0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1158,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Oviparity.</emphasis>
|
||
Knowledge about the reproductive biology of the species in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5901FB4EFB083FF1" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[1126,1246,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
or even in other termitophilous taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5CF0FB62FDE73F95" box="[407,561,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly known.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5F98FB62FC633F95" author="Emerson, A. E." box="[767,949,1194,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="369 - 395" refId="ref11318" refString="Emerson, A. E. (1935) Termitophile distribution and quantitative characters as indicators of physiological speciation in British Guiana termites (Isoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 28 (3), 369 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 28.3.369" type="journal article" year="1935">Emerson (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a curious case of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB586FFB62FE543FB9" authority="(Holmgren)" baseAuthorityName="Holmgren" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB586FFB62FF203FB8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Nasutitermes guyanae</emphasis>
|
||
(Holmgren)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest with four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5FC4FB06FCC93FB9" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[675,799,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5E4EFB06FB9B3FB9" authority="Mann" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1923" box="[809,1101,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E4EFB06FBD43FB8" box="[809,1026,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Thyreoxenus major</emphasis>
|
||
Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB593FFB06FA4A3FB9" authority="Mann" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1923" box="[1112,1436,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eburniola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB593FFB06FA823FB9" box="[1112,1364,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Eburniola leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both Corotocina),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5C17FB3AFCF13E5D" authority="Mann (Abrotelina)" box="[368,807,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5C17FB3AFD9C3E5C" box="[368,586,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitophya amica</emphasis>
|
||
Mann (Abrotelina)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5E06FB3AFA9D3E5D" authority="Mann (Termitogastrina)" box="[865,1355,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xenopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E06FB3AFBE43E5C" box="[865,1074,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Xenopelta cornuta</emphasis>
|
||
Mann (Termitogastrina)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where two kinds of larvae were found, as well as three different kinds of eggs, often found among termite eggs. One of the egg kinds was elongate (supposedly belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5F8DFAF2FC9C3E04" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1923" box="[746,842,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5F8DFAF2FD2C3E04" box="[746,762,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E60FAF2FC9C3E04" box="[775,842,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the other two were less elongate, with one kind being even smaller than a termite egg, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5FF2FA96FC9C3E29" author="Emerson, A. E." box="[661,842,1374,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="369 - 395" refId="ref11318" refString="Emerson, A. E. (1935) Termitophile distribution and quantitative characters as indicators of physiological speciation in British Guiana termites (Isoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 28 (3), 369 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 28.3.369" type="journal article" year="1935">Emerson (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supposedly attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5902FA96FAD13E29" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1923" box="[1125,1287,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eburniola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5902FA96FAD13E29" box="[1125,1287,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">E. leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DA0FA4AFCEC3DED" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Eight spherical eggs were found in a dissected female abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5ED9FA4AFB133ECD" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[958,1221,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5ED9FA4AFB133ECD" box="[958,1221,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophillus laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
housed at MZSUP (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A6BEB2AFFAB5DF8FA6EFEFF3E91" box="[159,297,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-113@4.[151,1436,381,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Termitozophilus laetus Silvestri, 1901, female. A) Habitus, dorsal view. B) Abdomen with removed tergites, dorsal view. C) Egg. D) Detail of egg surface. Scales: A–B = 400 µm; C = 80 µm; D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7469363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7469363/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Figs. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5CB4FA6EFD363E91" box="[467,736,1447,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5CB4FA6EFD503E91" box="[467,646,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs or larvae have been found in termite nests, we presume this genus is oviparous based on the number and size of eggs reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5EA2FA02FBF33EB5" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[965,1061,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5EA2FA02FC033EB4" box="[965,981,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E85FA02FBF33EB5" box="[994,1061,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most complete reproductive biology data about a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5CE4FA26FE2D3D59" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[387,507,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is now available for viviparous species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB59C1FA26FAAD3D59" authority="Schiodte" authorityName="Schiodte" box="[1190,1403,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Corotoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB59C1FA26FAD93D59" box="[1190,1295,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Corotoca</emphasis>
|
||
Schiødte
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which females carry three very large eggs in the abdomen with embryos that grow asynchronously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB598FF9DAFF023D01" author="Zilberman, B. & Pires-Silva, C. M. & Moreira, I. E. & Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12608" refString="Zilberman, B., Pires-Silva, C. M., Moreira, I. E., Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A. (2019) State of knowledge of viviparity in Staphylinidae and the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon in Corotoca Schiodte, 1853. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / 1807 - 0205 / 2019.59.19" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Zilberman
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5802F9DAFA4B3D7D" box="[1381,1437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5C5EF9FEFE223D01" box="[313,500,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophillus</emphasis>
|
||
, spermatheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5FD3F9FEFCCB3D01" box="[692,797,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Corotoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5FD3F9FEFCCB3D01" box="[692,797,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Corotoca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reduced, though the relationship between spermatheca loss or reduction and viviparity, if any, is unclear (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5FB2F992FC6E3D25" author="Oliveira, M. H. & Vieira, R. V. S. & Moreira, I. E. & Pires-Silva, C. M. & Lima, H. V. G. & Andrade, M. R. L. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A." box="[725,952,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="531 - 533" refId="ref11950" refString="Oliveira, M. H., Vieira, R. V. S., Moreira, I. E., Pires-Silva, C. M., Lima, H. V. G., Andrade, M. R. L. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A. (2018) " The road to reproduction ": foraging trails of Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) as maternities for Staphylinidae beetles. Sociobiology, 65 (3), 531 - 533. https: // doi. org / 10.13102 / sociobiology. v 65 i 3.2902" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E5CF992FCA23D25" box="[827,884,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pisno
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB596CF992FB933D25" box="[1035,1093,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB59F2F992FA473D25" author="Zilberman, B. & Pires-Silva, C. M. & Moreira, I. E. & Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A." box="[1173,1425,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12608" refString="Zilberman, B., Pires-Silva, C. M., Moreira, I. E., Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A. (2019) State of knowledge of viviparity in Staphylinidae and the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon in Corotoca Schiodte, 1853. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / 1807 - 0205 / 2019.59.19" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Zilberman
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5875F992FA9A3D25" box="[1298,1356,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5C6FF9B6FE563DC9" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[264,384,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
biology is little understood, oviparity has been the most documented strategy in genera of this tribe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5DBEF96AFE563DED" author="Emerson, A. E." box="[217,384,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="369 - 395" refId="ref11318" refString="Emerson, A. E. (1935) Termitophile distribution and quantitative characters as indicators of physiological speciation in British Guiana termites (Isoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 28 (3), 369 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 28.3.369" type="journal article" year="1935">Emerson 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5CECF96AFDF23DED" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[395,548,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref12328" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1957) A monograph on the termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology, 40, 1 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3797" type="journal article" year="1957">Seevers 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2AFFAB5F48F96AFCF83DED" author="Zilberman, B. & Pires-Silva, C. M. & Moreira, I. E. & Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A." box="[559,814,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12608" refString="Zilberman, B., Pires-Silva, C. M., Moreira, I. E., Pisno, R. M. & Bezerra-Gusmao, M. A. (2019) State of knowledge of viviparity in Staphylinidae and the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon in Corotoca Schiodte, 1853. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / 1807 - 0205 / 2019.59.19" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Zilberman
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5FCCF96AFD353DED" box="[683,739,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546565EB2AFFAD5DA0F90FFE103B85" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAB5DA0F90FFEB83CC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DA0F90FFD233DB0" bold="true" box="[199,757,1734,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Geographic distribution and host relationship.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5E1FF90EFBFD3DB1" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[888,1067,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5E1FF90EFBFD3DB1" box="[888,1067,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found only in the Neotropical Region, from the northernmost areas of South America (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359767EEB2AFFAB5E62F922FC893C55" box="[773,863,1771,1797]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359767EEB2AFFAB5EE0F922FC203C55" box="[903,1014,1771,1797]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359767EEB2AFFAB594CF922FB453C55" box="[1067,1171,1771,1797]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Zilberman 2019). This distribution is directly related to the distribution of termite hosts (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5EE0F8C6FBC53C79" authorityName="Wasmann (Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[903,1043,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5EE0F8C6FBC53C79" box="[903,1043,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB59CDF8C6FAE03C79" authorityName="Wasmann (Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1194,1334,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB59CDF8C6FAE03C79" box="[1194,1334,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 14 valid species, although only six of them have been shown to harbor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5EAFF8FAFB0B3C1D" box="[968,1245,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5EAFF8FAFBAD3C1D" box="[968,1147,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
As a result, new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5DF0F89EFE743C21" box="[151,418,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DF0F89EFE9C3C21" box="[151,330,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are expected as nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5FD5F89EFC433C21" box="[690,917,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5FD5F89EFCE83C21" box="[690,830,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have not been screened for termitophilous beetles are studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2AFFAC5DA0F856FDEB3BA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5DA0F856FE103CE9" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[199,454,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5DA0F856FE103CE9" box="[199,454,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Termitozophilus laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widely distributed species, appearing in a variety of biomes, including the Amazon Rainforest, where it is associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2AFFAB5FC8F80AFC5D3C8D" authority="Emerson" authorityName="Emerson" authorityYear="1952" box="[687,907,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5FC8F80AFD143C8D" box="[687,706,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2AFFAB5FB7F80AFCC83C8C" box="[720,798,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">incisus</emphasis>
|
||
Emerson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation), and southern grasslands, where it is associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5EEFFF5EFBA93BE1" authority="(Kollar)" baseAuthorityName="Kollar" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[904,1151,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5EEFFF5EFC4D3BE1" box="[904,923,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5ECBFF5EFBC13BE1" box="[940,1047,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">cumulans</emphasis>
|
||
(Kollar)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC59EAFF5EFAA23BE1" authority="Emerson" authorityName="Emerson" authorityYear="1952" box="[1165,1396,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snyderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC59EAFF5EFB763BE1" box="[1165,1184,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC59D6FF5EFAD53BE1" box="[1201,1283,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">snyderi</emphasis>
|
||
Emerson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC58E4FF5EFEB93B85" authority="Emerson" authorityName="Emerson" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC58E4FF5EFA403BE1" box="[1411,1430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DF0FF72FED43B85" box="[151,258,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">bequaerti</emphasis>
|
||
Emerson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5CC0FF72FDE53B85" authorityName="Wasmann (Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[423,563,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5CC0FF72FDE53B85" box="[423,563,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5FE6FF72FD013B85" authorityName="Emerson" authorityYear="1952" box="[641,727,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5FE6FF72FD013B85" box="[641,727,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. The polyxenic condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5949FF72FB583B85" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[1070,1166,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5949FF72FB583B85" box="[1070,1166,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">T. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely one of the key reasons for its widespread dispersion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2DFFAC5DA0FECAFCE03A35" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F5884CEB2DFFAC5C49FECAFE883A4D" box="[302,350,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series collected in the Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359767EEB2DFFAC5FB9FECAFCEE3A4D" box="[734,824,259,285]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5E25FECAFBB03A4D" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[834,1126,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5E25FECAFBB03A4D" box="[834,1126,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Termitozophilus mirandus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC58E4FECAFF3F3A10" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="532" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
C.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DF0FEEEFF3F3A10" box="[151,233,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a widely distributed species in the Amazon region, is known. In this sense, as it occurs with its termite host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5DB3FE82FE8F3A35" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[212,345,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DB3FE82FE8F3A35" box="[212,345,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">T. mirandus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be widely distributed in the Amazon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316666EB2DFFAC5DF0F91CFBC63C42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7469363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7469363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7469363/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" startId="4.[151,250,1749,1773]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1726]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2DFFAC5DF0F91CFBC63C42" blockId="4.[151,1436,1749,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DF0F91CFEC43DBD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5C7FF91CFD4E3DBD" authority="Silvestri, 1901" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[280,664,1749,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5C7FF91CFE2B3DBD" box="[280,509,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Termitozophilus laetus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2DFFAC5F65F91CFD4E3DBD" author="Silvestri, F." box="[514,664,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref12370" refString="Silvestri, F. (1901) Descrizione di nuovi Termitofili e relazioni di essi con gli ospiti: III. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 16 (398), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628" type="journal article" year="1901">Silvestri, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5F94F91CFCDB3DBD" bold="true" box="[755,781,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">A)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5E74F91CFCB53DBD" box="[787,867,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5E89F91CFBDE3DBD" bold="true" box="[1006,1032,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">B)</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen with removed tergites, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DB4F930FF383C41" bold="true" box="[211,238,1785,1809]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C)</emphasis>
|
||
Egg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5C4DF930FE923C41" bold="true" box="[298,324,1785,1809]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D)</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of egg surface. Scales: A–B = 400 µm; C = 80 µm; D = 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2DFFAC5DA0F8F6FE8F3CBA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1855,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5DA0F8F6FE033C09" authorityName="Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,469,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5DA0F8F6FE033C09" box="[199,469,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Termitozophilus belleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F5884CEB2DFFAC5F91F889FCF03C0A" box="[758,806,1856,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series collected in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation) in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF80CEB2DFFAC5CDAF8ADFD843C2D" box="[445,594,1891,1918]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5F1CF8ADFD233C2D" box="[635,757,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5F1CF8ADFD233C2D" box="[635,757,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C. silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests. It is, however, a widely distributed host, found across the Cerrado biome and sections of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2DFFAC5EFAF84EFBA73CF1" author="Constantino, R." box="[925,1137,1927,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" pagination="355 - 365" refId="ref11219" refString="Constantino, R. (2002) The pest termites of South America: taxonomy, distribution and status. Journal of Applied Entomology, 126 (7 - 8), 355 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1439 - 0418.2002.00670. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Constantino, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zilberman, 2019). Hence, there is a chance that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2DFFAC5CF0F865FDDF3C95" authorityName="Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[407,521,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Termitozophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5CF0F865FE713C95" box="[407,423,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2DFFAC5CDFF862FDDF3C95" box="[440,521,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">belleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution will extend, as additional collecting efforts are made in previously unsampled areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2CFFAD5DA0FF5EFE103B85" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
The four species described in this study were found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5E4EFF5EFC633BE1" authorityName="Wasmann (Zilberman" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,949,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD5E4EFF5EFC633BE1" box="[809,949,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Cornitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests in pastures in the Brazilian Amazon’s northernmost state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF80CEB2CFFAD5CEBFF72FE173B85" box="[396,449,187,213]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546565EB2CFFAD5DA0FF16FD003845" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2CFFAD5DA0FF16FD183A35" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD5DA0FF16FEED3BA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The description of four new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5FE9FF16FC4D3BA9" box="[654,923,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD5FE9FF16FC973BA9" box="[654,833,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this study, as well as a review of existing data from descriptions, photographs, and mounted slides of previously reported species, allowed us to expand the generic diagnosis and redescription. Scanning electron microscope images also aided in the advancement of the morphological research by revealing new features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2CFFAD5DA0FEA6FA403AA5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5D95FEA6FE2B3AD9" box="[242,509,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD5D95FEA6FE733AD9" box="[242,421,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Termitozophilus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have articular membranes that are largely exposed between antennomeres II-III, as well as pores across the major sclerotized region of sternites. The previously sparse descriptions of the aedeagus and spermatheca are now expanded to include information regarding chaetotaxy of the paramere, velar sac, median lobe, inner sac sclerites (all aspects of male genitalia), and the morphology of the chamber and duct of the spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2CFFAD5DA0FE36FBEF39D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
In the internal view, the anteromedial border of the elytra is scaled, a condition initially identified in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5DF0FDEAFDC5396D" box="[151,531,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD5DF0FDEAFE92396D" box="[151,324,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Termitomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Wasmann species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5F44FDEAFD69396D" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[547,703,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aleocharinae">Aleocharinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5FADFDEAFC90396D" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[714,838,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Termitogastrina) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1FEB2CFFAD597CFDEAFB3E396D" author="Caron, E. & Bortoluzzi, S. & Rosa, C. S." box="[1051,1256,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" pagination="566 - 578" refId="ref11100" refString="Caron, E., Bortoluzzi, S. & Rosa, C. S. (2018) Two new species of obligatory termitophilous rove beetles from Brazil (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Termitomorpha Wasmann). Zootaxa, 4413 (3), 566 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4413.3.10" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Caron
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAFCEB2CFFAD590DFDEAFB75396D" box="[1130,1187,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discovery of the same structure in a separate subtribe emphasizes the need for more inquiry as well as a potential hypothesis of primary homology in a larger sense, maybe extending to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6DEB2CFFAD5E12FDA2FC3B39D5" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1918" box="[885,1005,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Corotocini">Corotocini</taxonomicName>
|
||
tribes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136EEEB2CFFAD5DA0FD46FD003845" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">The condition of the paratergites, which can be united to sternites or not, demonstrates significant plasticity in the evolution of abdominal sclerites. The shape and arrangement of abdominal sclerites identified in stenogastric specimens may aid in understanding the evolution of abdominal sclerites. Furthermore, the arrangement of paratergites is also useful for species identification.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |