treatments-xml/data/83/3A/2F/833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A.xml

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<mods:title id="DD8F78C02E47E53E719CA53721295B1A">The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFD3FFC4FF07FE67FE0D56D4" ID-CoL="V3CL" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,519,438,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF07FE67FE0D56D4" bold="true" box="[151,519,438,465]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF07FE67FD7C56D5" bold="true" box="[151,374,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chthonius italicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFD3FFC4FEEDFE67FE0D56D4" author="Beier, M." box="[381,519,438,464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref118007" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Neue Hohlenformen der Gattung Chthonius (Pseudoscorp.). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;, Genova, 55, 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFD3FFC4FF07FE0AFD7156F1" blockId="87.[151,519,438,501]" box="[151,379,475,501]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
(
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FF0FFE0AFD3756F1" box="[159,317,475,501]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 266–273" captionStart-1="FIGURES 274–281" captionStartId-0="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionStartId-1="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1422,189,1651]" captionTargetId-0="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetId-1="figure-16@89.[151,1433,181,1651]" captionTargetPageId-0="88" captionTargetPageId-1="89" captionText-0="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." captionText-1="FIGURES 274–281. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 266–281</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FED8FE0AFD7956F1" box="[328,371,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 410–413" captionStartId="127.[151,264,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,184,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-16@127.[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 410–413. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group. 410, Chthonius caoduroi Callaini, 1987, Chthonius gallettii n. sp., Chthonius inguscioi n. sp., Chthonius marciai n. sp. and Chthonius multidentatus Beier, 1963; 411, Chthonius caprai Gardini, 1977, Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 and Chthonius leoi (Callaini, 1988); 412, Chthonius halberti Kew, 1916, Chthonius nicolosii n. sp., Chthonius ressli Beier, 1956 and Chthonius stammeri Beier, 1942; 413, Chthonius horridus Beier, 1934, Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930 and Chthonius lanai n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979835/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">413</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B83B965FFD3FFC4FF07FDCEFE735533" box="[151,633,543,567]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitation id="8A32B85AFFD3FFC4FF07FDCEFE7F5533" author="Beier, M." box="[151,629,543,567]" page="72" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFD3FFC4FF07FDCEFE7F5533" ID-CoL="V3CL" authority="Beier, 1930: 72" authorityName="Beier" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,629,543,567]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus" subGenus="Chthonius">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF07FDCEFDDA5533" box="[151,464,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chthonius (Chthonius) italicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFD3FFC4FE46FDCEFE7F5533" author="Beier, M." box="[470,629,543,567]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref118007" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Neue Hohlenformen der Gattung Chthonius (Pseudoscorp.). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;, Genova, 55, 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930: 72</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B83B965FFD3FFC4FF07FDEFFE595552" box="[151,595,574,598]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitation id="8A32B85AFFD3FFC4FF07FDEFFE445552" author="Ellingsen, E." box="[151,590,574,598]" page="212" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFD3FFC4FF07FDEFFE445552" ID-CoL="5Z5FG" authority=": Ellingsen 1909: 212" authorityName="Ellingsen" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,590,574,598]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF07FDEFFD785552" box="[151,370,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chthonius cephalotes</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFD3FFC4FEEFFDEFFE445552" author="Ellingsen, E." box="[383,590,574,598]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="205 - 220" refId="ref119338" refString="Ellingsen, E. (1909) Contribution to the knowledge of the Pseudoscorpions from the material belonging to the Museo Civico in Genova. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale, Genova, 44, 205 - 220." type="journal article" year="1909">Ellingsen 1909: 212</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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locality
</emphasis>
: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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Chiusa 
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, subterranean galleries under 
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Certosa 
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(
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, 
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.
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. 
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(Eastern Provence Pre-Alps), 
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(Southern Cottian, Maritimes and Ligurian Alps).
</paragraph>
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Diagnosis (
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<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FEF4FD20FD735408" box="[356,377,753,780]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
An anophthalmic hypogean 
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<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FD49FD21FF46540E" box="[729,844,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chthonius</emphasis>
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that differs from other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFD3FFC4FA9DFD21F996540E" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1293,1436,752,778]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ischnocheles">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FA9DFD21F996540E" box="[1293,1436,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ischnocheles</emphasis>
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group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace with a weak epistome and with 1 preocular microseta on each side; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae and 1 (rarely 2) lateral microseta on each side; chelicerae with 2 (rarely 1) lateral microsetae; chela length 
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; movable chelal finger length 
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; chela 6.25–7.5 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger slightly curved; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 58–83 and 46–53 teeth respectively; fixed and movable chelal fingers at level of 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FE21FC18FDFE54E6" box="[433,500,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">est -ist</emphasis>
and 
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respectively, with 5–9 and 4–7 teeth occupying 
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, distance between successive apices 
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and 
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mm
</quantity>
respectively; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.7–1.85.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4389CDC0FFD3FFC4FF57FBC1FCCB5296" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFD3FFC4FF57FBC1FDBB534A" blockId="87.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF57FBC1FDFA532E" bold="true" box="[199,496,1040,1066]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FE68FBC1FDA7534A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445612" collectingDate="1907-08" collectionCode="R, MSNG" collectorName="Gestro" country="Italy" location="Sotterranei della Certosa di Pesio" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piemonte" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="7384DEDBFFD3FFC4FE68FBC1FE42532E" box="[504,584,1040,1066]" name="Italy" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ITALY</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FDF3FBC1FEC4532E" box="[611,718,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingRegion id="C95750A9FFD3FFC4FDF3FBC1FEC4532E" box="[611,718,1040,1066]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FD4EFBC1FF02532F" box="[734,776,1040,1067]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="D42820E9FFD3FFC4FC88FBC1FF8A532F" box="[792,896,1040,1067]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), “ 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC0DFBC1F910532E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC0DFBC1F910532E" box="[925,1306,1040,1066]" country="Italy" name="Sotterranei della Certosa di Pesio" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Piemonte">Sotterranei della Certosa di Pesio</location>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FAB6FBC1F992532E" box="[1318,1432,1040,1066]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1907-08">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FAB6FBC1F992532E" box="[1318,1432,1040,1066]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1907-08">VIII.1907</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FF07FBE4FCA7534B" box="[151,173,1077,1103]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FF28FBE5FD09534A" box="[184,259,1076,1102]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gestro</collectorName>
leg.” (
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FEDEFBE5FDAF534A" box="[334,421,1076,1102]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">MSNG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFD3FFC4FF57FB89FFC653BE" blockId="87.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FF57FB89FE085376" bold="true" box="[199,514,1112,1138]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FD9DFB89FF585376" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445867" box="[525,850,1112,1138]" collectorName="Alpes-Maritimes" country="France" location="FRANCE" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="7384DEDBFFD3FFC4FD9DFB89FE715376" box="[525,635,1112,1138]" name="France" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FD07FB89FF585376" box="[663,850,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FD07FB89FF585376" box="[663,850,1112,1138]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Alpes-Maritimes</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FCE3FB89FDB05392" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445540" collectingDate="1991-08-11" collectionCode="VIII" collectorName="E. Piva" country="France" elevation="1164" location="Seranon" municipality="Grotte de Rouaine" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FCE3FB89FF975377" box="[883,925,1112,1139]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC3DFB89F8065376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC3DFB89F8065376" box="[941,1036,1112,1138]" country="France" municipality="Grotte de Rouaine" name="Seranon" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Séranon</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FB8AFB89F8FB5377" box="[1050,1265,1112,1139]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grotte de Rouaïne</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FB6FFB89F99D5376" box="[1279,1431,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.164" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1164.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FB6FFB89F95D5377" box="[1279,1367,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.164" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1164.0">1164 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FF07FBADFD215392" box="[151,299,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1991-08-11">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FF07FBADFD215392" box="[151,299,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1991-08-11">
11. 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FF25FBADFCE65392" box="[181,236,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">VIII</collectionCode>
.1991
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FEA6FBACFD8D5392" box="[310,391,1148,1175]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. Piva</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FE56FBADF96A5392" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445906" box="[454,1376,1148,1175]" collectingDate="1980-04-26" collectorName="S. Zoia &amp; A. Torchia" country="France" elevation="800" location="Sospel" municipality="Grotte de Albarea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE56FBADFDE55393" box="[454,495,1148,1175]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FE6DFBADFE405392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FE6DFBADFE405392" box="[509,586,1148,1174]" country="France" municipality="Grotte de Albarea" name="Sospel" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Sospel</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FDC6FBADFF2A5392" box="[598,800,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grotte de Albarea</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FCBAFBADFFA75392" box="[810,941,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="800.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FCBAFBADFF7B5393" box="[810,881,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FC2AFBADF8335392" box="[954,1081,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1980-04-26">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FC2AFBADF8335392" box="[954,1081,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1980-04-26">26.IV.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FBD3FBADF89E5392" box="[1091,1172,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. Zoia</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FB26FBADF9275392" box="[1206,1325,1148,1174]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A. Torchia</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FAFBFBADFFC253BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445914" collectingDate="1930-08-19" collectionCode="VIII, MSNG" collectorName="A. Dodero" country="France" location="Tende" municipality="Grotta della Besta" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FAFBFBADF99F5393" box="[1387,1429,1148,1175]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FF07FB71FCD453BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FF07FB71FCD453BE" box="[151,222,1184,1210]" country="France" municipality="Grotta della Besta" name="Tende" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Tende</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FF79FB71FDB953BF" box="[233,435,1184,1211]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grotta della Besta</collectingMunicipality>
163–H, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FD85FB71FEA353BE" box="[533,681,1184,1210]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1930-08-19">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FD85FB71FEA353BE" box="[533,681,1184,1210]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1930-08-19">
19. 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FDA4FB71FE6053BE" box="[564,618,1184,1210]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">VIII</collectionCode>
.1930
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FD23FB71FF2353BE" box="[691,809,1184,1210]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A. Dodero</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FCF9FB71FFCA53BE" box="[873,960,1184,1210]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">MSNG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFD3FFC4FF57FB15FCCB5296" blockId="87.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FF57FB15FE3753DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445330" box="[199,573,1220,1246]" country="Italy" location="Piedmont" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piemonte">
<collectingCountry id="7384DEDBFFD3FFC4FF57FB15FD1D53DA" box="[199,279,1220,1246]" name="Italy" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ITALY</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FEA2FB15FE3753DA" box="[306,573,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingRegion id="C95750A9FFD3FFC4FEA2FB15FDAA53DA" box="[306,416,1220,1246]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
: Cuneo prov
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FDAEFB14FE4853DA" box="[574,578,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">.</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FDFEFB15FDB35206" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445323" collectingDate="2014-07-11" collectionCode="CN" collectorName="E. Lana" country="Italy" county="Monterosso Grana" elevation="919" location="Pi" municipality="Pozzo l'Angiulin" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piedmont">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FDFEFB15FE9153DB" box="[622,667,1220,1247]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="E24DE6C7FFD3FFC4FD3DFB14FF8F53DA" box="[685,901,1220,1247]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Monterosso Grana</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FC06FB14F85753DA" box="[918,1117,1220,1247]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pozzo l’Angiulin</collectingMunicipality>
1346 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FB3EFB15F8CC53DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FB3EFB15F8CC53DA" box="[1198,1222,1220,1246]" country="Italy" county="Monterosso Grana" municipality="Pozzo l'Angiulin" name="Pi" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Piedmont">Pi</location>
/ 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FB5FFB15F8FD53DA" box="[1231,1271,1220,1246]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CN</collectionCode>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FA98FB15F99D53DA" box="[1288,1431,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.19" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="919.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FA98FB15F95E53DB" box="[1288,1364,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.19" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="919.0">919 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FF07FB39FD285206" box="[151,290,1256,1282]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-07-11">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FF07FB39FD285206" box="[151,290,1256,1282]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-07-11">11.VII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FEBEFB38FD8F5207" box="[302,389,1257,1283]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. Lana</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FE55FB39F9545206" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445480" box="[453,1374,1256,1283]" collectingDate="2014-06-27" collectionCode="CN, VI" collectorName="E. Lana" country="Italy" county="Roaschia" elevation="1100" location="Pi" municipality="Buco del Dre" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Piedmont">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE55FB39FDF85207" box="[453,498,1256,1283]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="E24DE6C7FFD3FFC4FE6FFB39FE635206" box="[511,617,1256,1282]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Roaschia</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FDE4FB38FF005206" box="[628,778,1256,1283]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Buco del Dré</collectingMunicipality>
1006 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FCC1FB39FF635206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FCC1FB39FF635206" box="[849,873,1256,1282]" country="Italy" county="Roaschia" municipality="Buco del Dre" name="Pi" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Piedmont">Pi</location>
/ 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FCE2FB39FF905206" box="[882,922,1256,1282]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CN</collectionCode>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FC36FB39F8325206" box="[934,1080,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FC36FB39FFF15207" box="[934,1019,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FBD5FB39F8CD5206" box="[1093,1223,1256,1282]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-06-27">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FBD5FB39F8CD5206" box="[1093,1223,1256,1282]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-06-27">
27. 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FBF5FB39F88F5206" box="[1125,1157,1256,1282]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">VI</collectionCode>
.2014
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FB43FB38F9215207" box="[1235,1323,1257,1283]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. Lana</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FAFBFB39F93C5222" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445746" collectingDate="2014-09-12" collectionCode="CN" collectorName="E. Lana &amp; M. Chesta" country="Italy" county="Robilante" elevation="1380" location="Moschettieri" municipality="Grotta" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Piedmont">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FAFBFB39F99F5207" box="[1387,1429,1256,1283]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="E24DE6C7FFD3FFC4FF07FADDFD0D5222" box="[151,263,1292,1318]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Robilante</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FE84FADDFD565222" box="[276,348,1292,1318]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grotta</collectingMunicipality>
dei 3 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FE38FADDFE3C5222" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FE38FADDFE3C5222" box="[424,566,1292,1318]" country="Italy" county="Robilante" municipality="Grotta" name="Moschettieri" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Piedmont">Moschettieri</location>
1129 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FD10FADDFE925222" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FD10FADDFE925222" box="[640,664,1292,1318]" country="Italy" county="Robilante" municipality="Grotta" name="Pi" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Piedmont">Pi</location>
/ 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FD31FADDFEC35222" box="[673,713,1292,1318]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CN</collectionCode>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FD46FADDFF665222" box="[726,876,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1380.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FD46FADDFF245223" box="[726,814,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FCEBFADDFFF75222" box="[891,1021,1292,1318]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-09-12">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FCEBFADDFFF75222" box="[891,1021,1292,1318]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014-09-12">12.IX.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FB9BFADCF86F5223" box="[1035,1125,1293,1319]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. Lana</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FB1DFADCF9095222" box="[1165,1283,1292,1319]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">M. Chesta</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FAAFFADCFD3A524E" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingRegion id="C95750A9FFD3FFC4FAAFFADCF99C5222" box="[1343,1430,1293,1318]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Liguria</collectingRegion>
: Imperia prov.
</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FEC3FAE1F926524E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445351" box="[339,1324,1328,1355]" collectingDate="1974-09-22" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Tana Ia du Casa &amp; C. Bonzano" country="Italy" elevation="715" location="Li" municipality="Caravonica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Liguria">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FEC3FAE1FD77524F" box="[339,381,1328,1355]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FE1BFAE1FE07524E" box="[395,525,1328,1354]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Caravonica</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FD89FAE0FEC2524E" box="[537,712,1328,1355]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Tana 
<superScript id="FCE63303FFD3FFC4FDC7FAE0FE6D523A" attach="left" box="[599,615,1328,1355]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ia</superScript>
du Casà
</collectorName>
573 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC92FAE1FF11524E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FC92FAE1FF11524E" box="[770,795,1328,1354]" country="Italy" municipality="Caravonica" name="Li" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Liguria">Li</location>
/ 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FCB4FAE1FF4D524E" box="[804,839,1328,1354]" country="India" name="Indian Museum" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">IM</collectionCode>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FCC4FAE1FFD2524E" box="[852,984,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="715.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FCC4FAE1FF91524F" box="[852,923,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="715.0">715 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FC75FAE1F86D524E" box="[997,1127,1328,1354]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1974-09-22">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FC75FAE1F86D524E" box="[997,1127,1328,1354]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1974-09-22">22.IX.1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FBE3FAE1F8F3524F" box="[1139,1273,1328,1355]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">C. Bonzano</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BBFB9416FFD3FFC4FAA8FAE1F825526A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323445897" collectingDate="2015-03-29" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="A. Pastorelli" country="Italy" county="Pigna" elevation="760" location="Surgentin" municipality="Grotta" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Liguria">
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FAA8FAE1F969524F" box="[1336,1379,1328,1355]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FAFBFAE1F99F524F" box="[1387,1429,1328,1355]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="E24DE6C7FFD3FFC4FF07FA85FCD0526A" box="[151,218,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pigna</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EB480431FFD3FFC4FF74FA85FD26526A" box="[228,300,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grotta</collectingMunicipality>
dei 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FECAFA85FDCC526A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FECAFA85FDCC526A" box="[346,454,1364,1390]" country="Italy" county="Pigna" municipality="Grotta" name="Surgentin" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Liguria">Surgentin</location>
1169 
<location id="0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FD9AFA85FE29526A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833A2F5DFFD3FFC9FF07FE67FF99537A:0E4CC890FFD3FFC4FD9AFA85FE29526A" box="[522,547,1364,1390]" country="Italy" county="Pigna" municipality="Grotta" name="Li" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" stateProvince="Liguria">Li</location>
/ 
<collectionCode id="6D82068EFFD3FFC4FDBCFA85FE45526A" box="[556,591,1364,1390]" country="India" name="Indian Museum" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">IM</collectionCode>
, 
<elevation id="80BE7978FFD3FFC4FDCAFA85FED6526A" box="[602,732,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="760.0">
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FDCAFA85FEAA526B" box="[602,672,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FD78FA85FF62526B" box="[744,872,1364,1391]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2015-03-29">
<collectingDate id="6F694163FFD3FFC4FD78FA85FF62526B" box="[744,872,1364,1391]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2015-03-29">29.III.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A666FB9DFFD3FFC4FCE1FA85FFF7526A" box="[881,1021,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A. Pastorelli</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
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, id., 
<date id="7F2DB88BFFD3FFC4FB0AFA85F902526A" box="[1178,1288,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2016-01-17">17.I.2016</date>
, A. Pastorelli leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4389CDC0FFD3FFC9FF57FA4DF91D5581" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFD3FFC9FF57FA4DFDA656D5" blockId="87.[151,1437,644,2039]" lastBlockId="90.[151,1437,151,1150]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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Description of adults (
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).
</emphasis>
Troglomorphic facies; integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale reddish brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on the base of fixed and movable chelal fingers. Carapace (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FCCAFA35FFB352FB" box="[858,953,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 266–273" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 268</figureCitation>
) 0.9–1.0 times longer than broad, trapezoidal, constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with a weak epistome in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FAFAF9D9FCF55143" captionStart="FIGURES 266–273" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 266–267</figureCitation>
); ocular area as in fig. 268, no eyes or eye-spots; probable standard chaetotaxy m 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FB08F9FDF8CA5143" box="[1176,1216,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
:6:4:2:m 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FA84F9FDF9365143" box="[1300,1340,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
(22), but anterior row also m4 and posterior row also m2, m 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FD70F981FF10516E" box="[736,794,1616,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
or mm 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FCE0F981FFA1516E" box="[880,939,1616,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
; length of anteromedian macrosetae 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFD3FFC4FADFF981FD07518B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.16999999999999998" valueMax="0.185" valueMin="0.155">
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<geoCoordinate id="6EA7F88CFFD3FFC4FA1EF981FCDC518B" degrees="0.185" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="55" value="-0.185">– 0.185</geoCoordinate>
mm
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. Standard chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0, tergite I rarely with 2 or 3, tergite II rarely with 3 setae. Chaetotaxy of sternites 10:(3)8–10(3):(2)7–8(2):8:6:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males flanked by 8 (rarely 9) setae on each side. Chelicerae (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FD6DF96DFF5451D3" box="[765,862,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 266–273" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 269</figureCitation>
) 2.4–2.5 (
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<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FC7AF96DFFF151D2" box="[1002,1019,1724,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 (rarely 1) lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 9–12 teeth and 4–5 proximal microtubercles; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FDF2F8D5FE72501A" box="[610,632,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">di</emphasis>
) situated more proximal with respect to the spinneret, and 9–12 teeth proximally reduced in size; 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFD3FFC4FE5DF8F8FDEC5046" box="[461,486,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">gs</emphasis>
ratio 0.51–0.55; spinneret weakly raised or right angle-shaped in males, more prominent in females (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FEC2F89DFDF95063" box="[338,499,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 266–273" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 269–271</figureCitation>
); rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior with 14–16 and 15–18 blades respectively. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 7–15 coxal spines, coxa III with 4–5 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 6.85–7.7 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE9BF869FD2B50D6" box="[267,289,1976,2002]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 6.6–7.3 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE2AF869FDC650D6" box="[442,460,1976,2002]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5(6):3(4):5(6):1; chela (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFD3FFC4FB64F869F99E50D6" box="[1268,1428,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURES 274–281" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,189,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-16@89.[151,1433,181,1651]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 274–281. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 274, 278</figureCitation>
) 7.05–7.5 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE98F80DFD1450F2" box="[264,286,2012,2038]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 6.25–6.8 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FE2DF80DFDC550F2" box="[445,463,2012,2038]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.2–2.4 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FC44F80DFFE050F2" box="[980,1002,2012,2038]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.95–2.2 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFD3FFC4FB19F80DF89150F2" box="[1161,1179,2012,2038]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as deep, with almost parallel sides in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFDDFFCAFDF5F8B3FF0E5078" box="[613,772,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 266–273" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-32@88.[151,1436,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 266–273. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figs 272–273</figureCitation>
); fixed chelal finger slightly curved, with 58–83 contiguous teeth, cuspidate and inclined backwards in the distal half of the finger, apically rounded and increasingly reduced towards finger base in the proximal half of the finger (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFDDFFCAFD6AF87BF80350C0" box="[762,1033,1961,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 274–281" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,189,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-16@89.[151,1433,181,1651]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 274–281. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figs 275–277, 279–281</figureCitation>
), all teeth with dental canal; base of fixed chelal finger with 4–6 microtubercles; fixed finger at level of 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFC12F81FFFB050E3" box="[898,954,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">est-it</emphasis>
with 5–9 teeth occupying 
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, distance between successive apices 
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mm
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; tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla 
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2
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, distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 46–53 contiguous teeth, scalene triangle-shaped, reclined and apically pointed in the distal third of the finger, apically rounded and increasingly reduced towards finger base, reaching back near 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FEE6FED2FD8E5619" box="[374,388,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">b</emphasis>
(between 
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and 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FDDEFED2FE565619" box="[590,604,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">b</emphasis>
they are mainly recognizable only by the presence of dental canal) (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFDEFFC9FAFAFED2FD7B5645" captionStart="FIGURES 274–281" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,189,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-16@89.[151,1433,181,1651]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 274–281. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs 275–277, 279–281</figureCitation>
); movable finger at level of 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FD2BFEF6FED55644" box="[699,735,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">st-t</emphasis>
with 4–7 teeth occupying 
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, distance between successive apices 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFDEFFC9FE8AFE9AFDD65661" box="[282,476,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.0185" valueMax="0.023" valueMin="0.014">
<geoCoordinate id="6EA7F88CFFDEFFC9FE8AFE9AFD535661" box="[282,345,331,357]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6EA7F88CFFDEFFC9FEC9FE9AFDAF5661" box="[345,421,331,357]" degrees="0.023" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="-0.023">–0.023</geoCoordinate>
mm
</quantity>
; coupled sensilla 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FD34FE9AFEB45660" box="[676,702,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">pc</emphasis>
mainly just distad of 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FC26FE9AFFC55661" box="[950,975,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">sb</emphasis>
; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FF64FEBEFD1C568C" box="[244,278,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">am</emphasis>
<subScript id="97179C0EFFDEFFC9FE8FFE50FD3E568B" attach="right" box="[287,308,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FE8FFE50FD26568B" box="[287,300,385,399]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">1-</emphasis>
2
</subScript>
; trichobothria as in figs 274, 278; ratio 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FC90FEBEFF67568D" box="[768,877,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">sb -st/sb -b</emphasis>
= 1.6–1.8; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 2.1–2.25 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FE9BFE42FD2B56A9" box="[267,289,403,429]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.0–2.2 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FE2AFE42FDC756A9" box="[442,461,403,429]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.0–1.05 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FBA5FE42F84456A9" box="[1077,1102,403,429]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FBDEFE42F85556A9" box="[1102,1119,403,429]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); ratio of pedipalpal femur/ carapace 1.7–1.85 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FEE3FE66FD8656D5" box="[371,396,439,465]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FE1DFE66FD9456D5" box="[397,414,439,465]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FECCEC3FFDCFFCBFF07F899F97450AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4979783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979783/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,264,1864,1888]" targetBox="[165,1432,191,1831]" targetPageId="88">
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDCFFCBFF07F899F97450AC" blockId="88.[151,1437,1864,1960]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDCFFCBFF07F899FD615064" bold="true" box="[151,363,1864,1888]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURES 266–273.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDCFFCBFEE0F899FEAB5064" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[368,673,1864,1888]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDCFFCBFEE0F899FE225064" box="[368,552,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Chthonius italicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFDCFFCBFDBCF899FEAB5064" author="Beier, M." box="[556,673,1864,1888]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref118007" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Neue Hohlenformen der Gattung Chthonius (Pseudoscorp.). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;, Genova, 55, 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia) (unless otherwise stated). 266, male, anterior margin of carapace; 267, female, id.; 268, male, carapace; 269, male, right chelicera; 270, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 271, male (Buco del Dré, Roaschia), id.; 272, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 273, female, id.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5FECCEC3FFDDFFCAFF07F95AF9305037" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4979787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" targetBox="[159,1422,189,1651]" targetPageId="89">
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDDFFCAFF07F95AF9305037" blockId="89.[151,1436,1675,1844]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFF07F95AFD6451A7" bold="true" box="[151,366,1675,1699]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURES 274–281.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDDFFCAFEE3F95AFEA051A0" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[371,682,1675,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFEE3F95AFE2751A7" box="[371,557,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Chthonius italicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFDDFFCAFDA3F95AFEA051A0" author="Beier, M." box="[563,682,1675,1700]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref118007" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Neue Hohlenformen der Gattung Chthonius (Pseudoscorp.). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;, Genova, 55, 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFF07F905FCC051EF" box="[151,202,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">est-it</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFE92F905FD2851EF" box="[258,290,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">st-t</emphasis>
, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFB87F902F82451EF" box="[1047,1070,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">sb</emphasis>
, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFEB0F8CDFD595037" box="[288,339,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">est-it</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFE14F8CDFDAE5037" box="[388,420,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">st-t</emphasis>
, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDDFFCAFB12F8CAF8935037" box="[1154,1177,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">sb</emphasis>
, antiaxial view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDEFFC9FF57FE0AF91D5581" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1150]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.8–2.15 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FD46FE0AFEE656F1" box="[726,748,475,501]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 2.2–2.4 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FCEDFE0AFF9A56F1" box="[893,912,475,501]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Carapace 0.52–0.58 × 0.52–0.60 (0.50–0.575 anteriorly) (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FEB0FE2EFD3C551D" box="[288,310,511,537]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 0.62–0.69 × 0.67–0.68 (0.66–0.67 anteriorly) (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FC18FE2EFF91551D" box="[904,923,511,537]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Chelicerae 0.56–0.64 × 0.23–0.255 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FACCFE2EF978551D" box="[1372,1394,511,537]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 0.675–0.75 × 0.265–0.30 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FE58FDF2FDD15539" box="[456,475,547,573]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); movable finger length 0.28–0.32 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FCE8FDF2FF845539" box="[888,910,547,573]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 0.35–0.39 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FBD3FDF2F85C5539" box="[1091,1110,547,573]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Pedipalp: femur 0.90–1.08 × 0.13–0.14 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FEBFFD96FD4F5565" box="[303,325,583,609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.09–1.27 × 0.15–0.175 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FD04FD96FEAD5565" box="[660,679,583,609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); chela 1.26–1.54 × 0.17–0.205 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FBB1FD96F83D5565" box="[1057,1079,583,609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.50–1.76 × 0.23–0.27 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FAE8FD96F9815565" box="[1400,1419,583,609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); hand length 
<geoCoordinate id="6EA7F88CFFDEFFC9FEB2FDBBFD6B5581" box="[290,353,618,645]" degrees="0.405" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="0.405">0.405</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6EA7F88CFFDEFFC9FEF0FDBBFDA45581" box="[352,430,618,645]" degrees="0.475" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="-0.475">–0.475</geoCoordinate>
(
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FE2EFDBAFDDE5581" box="[446,468,619,645]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 0.47–0.58 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FD14FDBAFE9D5581" box="[644,663,619,645]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); movable finger length 0.86–1.07 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FBBDFDBAF8495581" box="[1069,1091,619,645]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 1.02–1.20 (
<specimenCount id="1D9555C2FFDEFFC9FB64FDBAF90D5581" box="[1268,1287,619,645]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4389CDC0FFDEFFC9FF57FD5EFF99537A" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDEFFC9FF57FD5EFD6B55F5" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1150]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FF57FD5EFD3155AD" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,681]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FDFCFD5EFF7C55AD" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[620,886,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ischnocheles">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FDFCFD5EFF7C55AD" box="[620,886,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Chthonius ischnocheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FC5FFD5EF84955AD" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[975,1091,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FC5FFD5EF84955AD" box="[975,1091,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very close to the subterranean 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FEE4FD62FDC455C9" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[372,462,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FEE4FD62FDC455C9" box="[372,462,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Cottian Alps and, to a lesser degree, to 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FC64FD62F93F55C9" authority="(Simon, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1012,1333,690,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
C. 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB85FD62F88755C9" box="[1045,1165,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">cephalotes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFDEFFC9FB0BFD62F92755C9" author="Simon, E." box="[1179,1325,690,717]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="ccvi - ccvii" refId="ref121085" refString="Simon, E. (1875) [Untitled]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Series 5, 5, ccvi - ccvii." type="journal article" year="1875">Simon, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Provence, 
<collectingCountry id="7384DEDBFFDEFFC9FE9DFD06FD5755F5" box="[269,349,727,753]" name="France" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDEFFC9FF57FD2AF8D85485" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1150]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FF57FD2AFD9C5411" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[199,406,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FF57FD2AFD9C5411" box="[199,406,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Chthonius italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FDA2FD2AFE855411" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[562,655,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FDA2FD2AFE855411" box="[562,655,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following characters: eyes absent (anterior eyes reduced to a smooth cuticular area in 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FE3FFCCEFE01543D" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[431,523,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FE3FFCCEFE01543D" box="[431,523,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); chaetotaxy of tergites I–IV (2–3)4:3–4:4:4 (2:2–3:4: 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFDEFFC9FBFEFCCEF896543D" box="[1134,1180,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FB34FCCEF8F5543D" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1188,1279,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB34FCCEF8F5543D" box="[1188,1279,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); fixed chelal finger slightly curved (straight in 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FD9BFC92FE6E5459" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[523,612,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FD9BFC92FE6E5459" box="[523,612,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); fixed and movable chelal fingers with smaller and more closely-set teeth (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFDEFFC9FF0FFCB6FDA15485" box="[159,427,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 274–281" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,189,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-16@89.[151,1433,181,1651]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 274–281. Chthonius italicus Beier, 1930, Grotta dei Surgentin, 29.III.2015 (Pigna, Imperia). 274, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 275, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 276, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 277, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 278, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 279, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 280, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 281, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979787/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs 275–277, 279–281</figureCitation>
) [with larger and more widely spaced teeth (
<figureCitation id="93A882CEFFDEFFC9FC30FCB6F8365485" box="[928,1084,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 304–308" captionStartId="96.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-32@96.[151,1436,181,1865]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURES 304–308. Chthonius lanai n. sp. 304, female holotype, right chela, antiaxial view; 305, female holotype, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 306, female holotype, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 307, female holotype, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 308, male paratype, right chela, antiaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4979795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4979795/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs 305–307</figureCitation>
) in 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FBF7FCB6F8C85485" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1127,1218,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanai">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FBF7FCB6F8C85485" box="[1127,1218,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. lanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2C9E4BFFDEFFC9FF57FC5AFF99537A" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1150]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FF57FC5AFDB354A1" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[199,441,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FF57FC5AFDB354A1" box="[199,441,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Chthonius cephalotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female that was collected in the cave Grotte des Baux (Les- Baux-de-Provence, 
<collectingCountry id="7384DEDBFFDEFFC9FEE8FC7EFDCC54CD" box="[376,454,943,969]" name="France" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">France</collectingCountry>
) and redescribed by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F02E3BAFFDEFFC9FD28FC7EFFCB54CE" author="Heurtault-Rossi, J." box="[696,961,943,970]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="912 - 922" refId="ref120213" refString="Heurtault-Rossi, J. (1968) Quelques remarques sur deux especes cavernicoles de Chthonius des departements des Bouches - du - Rhone et du Gard: Chthonius (C.) cephalotes (Simon, 1875) et Chthonius mayi sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpions, Chthoniidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 2, 39, 912 - 922." type="journal article" year="1968">Heurtault-Rossi (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. Both 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FB9DFC7EF8A254CD" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1037,1192,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB9DFC7EF8A254CD" box="[1037,1192,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. cephalotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FB72FC7EF95D54CD" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[1250,1367,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB72FC7EF95D54CD" box="[1250,1367,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show corresponding measurements, a reduced epistome, relative position of trichobothria 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FBD5FC02F88454E9" box="[1093,1166,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">esb-ist</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB54FC02F8F654E8" box="[1220,1276,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">est-it</emphasis>
, and the same chelal tooth pattern. They differ in the position of trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FCE1FC26FF805315" box="[881,906,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">sb</emphasis>
(ratio 
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FC44FC26F84A5315" box="[980,1088,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">sb -st/sb -b</emphasis>
= 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFDEFFC9FBCDFC26F8975315" box="[1117,1181,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FB33FC26F9315315" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1187,1339,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FB33FC26F9315315" box="[1187,1339,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. cephalotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="CC6B33AEFFDEFFC9FAD8FC26FCA75331" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="in" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FF24FBCAFD2C5331" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[180,294,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FF24FBCAFD2C5331" box="[180,294,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in the chaetotaxy of the carapace (
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FD75FBCAFF775331" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[741,893,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FD75FBCAFF775331" box="[741,893,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. cephalotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without preocular microsetae and with 2 macrosetae on posterior margin, without lateral microsetae; 
<taxonomicName id="CC93E5C8FFDEFFC9FD7EFBEEFF6A535D" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[750,864,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="39E74259FFDEFFC9FD7EFBEEFF6A535D" box="[750,864,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 1 preocular microseta on each side and with 2 macrosetae and 1 or 2 microsetae on each side on posterior margin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>