229 lines
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229 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="101e6920-3a47-47b8-b13f-09e665a76df7" ID-PMC="PMC3174444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" ID-PubMed="22171183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576074" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-95" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" checkinTime="1555332277582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H. & Butaud, Jean-Francois" docDate="2011" docId="AC01E93F644F10228C8AA911BCD4BA02" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 95-107" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" docTitle="Ochrosia fatuhivensis Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668141354137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Butaud, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576074</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC01E93F644F10228C8AA911BCD4BA02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC01E93F644F10228C8AA911BCD4BA02" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C32E5FE2-C711-512E-83D8-5A02EED9C136" authority="Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48 (1972)" authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ochrosia fatuhivensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fatuhivensis">Ochrosia fatuhivensis Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48 (1972)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Ochrosia brownii. A inflorescence and open flower and buds showing right-contorted corolla lobes (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Feb. 2003, Butaud unvouchered) B branchlet with apocarpous fruit composed of paired mericarps (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Butaud 8); C, D Ochrosia fatuhivensis. C inflorescence with open flower and buds, Hanativa (Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458) D ripe mericarps, seed showing fibers and germinating seed (Hanativa, Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458)." pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Figs 1C, D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Marquesas Islands</emphasis>
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: Fatu Hiva: Oia [Ouia], c. 800 m, 19 Jan. 1922, F. B. H. Brown 886 (Holotype BISH-500706!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Tree</emphasis>
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10-14 m tall, trunk 15-20 cm in diam., branchlets glabrous, leafy twigs 2.5-7 mm in diam., bark wrinkled when dry, latex white.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
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opposite on smaller branchlets, apparently ternate on larger branchlets; blades elliptic, 5.8-20.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.4-10.1 cm, base narrowly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate, glabrous, discolorous, when fresh dark green above, pale green below, drying brown, margins slightly revolute; secondary veins 9-20 on each side, prominulous on both surfaces, intersecondaries and tertiaries prominulous on both surfaces; petioles 14-36 mm long.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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terminal, tri- or quadrichotomous, branching twice, cymose-corymbiform, 52-88 mm long, axes and flowers glabrous, sessile, with 3 primary branches (6-)20-64
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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c. 2 mm, subquadrangular, bracts ovate-triangular, 1-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.2 mm, ultimate axes with flowers crowded in cymules; flowers with pedicels 2-5 mm long, each with a single bract, calyx cup 2.5 mm long, calyx lobes 5, triangular-ovate, 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 mm, apex obtuse; corollas in bud to 10 mm long; corolla at anthesis white, fragrant, corolla tube 7-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 mm, corolla lobes 5, contorted to the right, 9-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.5 mm; ovary and nectary not seen.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Infructescence</emphasis>
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with peduncle c. 11.5 cm long.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Fruits</emphasis>
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apocarpous, composed of 2 fleshy mericarps, when fresh orange at maturity, ovoid-ellipsoid, 61-78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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32-44
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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30-40 mm, mesocarp c. 7 mm thick; endocarp 54-72
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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27-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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23-34 mm, fibrous without, woody within, single-seeded.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Seed</emphasis>
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2 per fruit, ellipsoid, 29-37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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18-19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Marquesas Islands, Fatu Hiva where originally known only from the type collected in Ouia Valley at 800 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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This species was recently rediscovered in 2009 by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jean-François">Jean-Francois</normalizedToken>
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Butaud and Ravahere Taputuarai following the directions of Joseph Mititai. This population in Hanativa valley, a remote hanging valley north of Ouia, consists of 13 adult plants and numerous juveniles and seedlings at 480 m elevation. It occurs in mesic to wet forest with species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Aleurites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Aleurites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Allophylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Allophylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Urticales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Artocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N.J.Jacquin" authorityYear="1760" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Urticaceae" genus="Boehmeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Urticales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Boehmeria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cerbera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Cerbera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Inocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Macropiper" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Macropiper</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Metrosideros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="troglodytarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Musa troglodytarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">, Pandanus, Phyllanthus, Pipturus argenteus</emphasis>
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(G. Forst.) Wedd.,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Wikstroemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Thymelaeales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Wikstroemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the introduced
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arabica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. and
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Dioscorea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.,and the ferns
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<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Nephrolepis biserrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Sw.) Schott
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">, Pteris comans</emphasis>
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G. Forst., and
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<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Tectaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnolipsida" rank="species" species="jardinii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Tectaria jardinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mett. ex Kuhn) E. D. Br.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fatuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Ochrosia fatuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known only from a single population. When evaluated using the IUCN criteria for endangerment it falls into the Critically Endangered (CR) category, which designates species facing the highest risk of extinction in the wild. IUCN Red List Category:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
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(CR) B1a, b; B2a, B2b (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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): B1, extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2, and B1a, known to exist at only a single location; B1b (i-iii), continuing projected decline in (i) extent of occurrence, (ii) area of occupancy and (iii), area, extent and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="100" start="start">quality</pageBreakToken>
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of habitat; B2, area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10 km2, and B2a, a single population known. B2b (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
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), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fatuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Ochrosia fatuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Fatu Hiva (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">c.</emphasis>
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85 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="specimen examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
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Fatu Hiva: Hanativa, Affluent Sud de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
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, vallon
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<normalizedToken originalValue="perché">perche</normalizedToken>
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, 481 m, 7 Novembre 2009, Butaud, Taputuarai & Mititai 2458 (PAP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
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Fosberg & Sachet (1972) suggested
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fatuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Ochrosia fatuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum" authorityYear="1895" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="compta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Ochrosia compta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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K. Schum. of Hawaii, but no molecular-phylogenetic studies have been carried out involving these two species. The local name is
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ho’ei">ho'ei</normalizedToken>
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in Fatu Hiva, similar to the name holei used for species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Ochrosia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Hawaii (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, WL" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" refId="B14" refString="Wagner, WL, Herbst, DR, Sohmer, SH, 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press" title="Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i." year="1990">Wagner et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). On Fatu Hiva the seeds were eaten in time of famine according to
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<bibRefCitation author="Brown, FBH" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 386" refId="B1" refString="Brown, FBH, 1935. Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 1 - 386" title="Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P." volume="130" year="1935">Brown (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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and several present day inhabitants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |