1379 lines
201 KiB
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1379 lines
201 KiB
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<document id="845E56E3B331DD876CDD7BBCBF3EE9C5" ID-CLB-Dataset="99303" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.830.1865" ID-GBIF-Dataset="deb635f8-c685-4637-b2a0-d028b1cba0ab" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839847" ID-ZooBank="C1F47AD9-ECF6-4F0F-9928-55A45332FF4B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657891195425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kolesnichenko, Kirill A. & Kotlobay, Anatoly A." docDate="2022" docId="EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-830_1-60.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 830 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/c1f47ad9-ecf6-4f0f-9928-55a45332ff4b" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Melitaea shahvarica Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="295892C7-2C50-471F-A36B-CE1F69FA8E8C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="177B8B48FFD7B323931AFF82FFD2FF6B" masterDocTitle="Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1699360064085" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4EF6E827D325640E10C60F80BB8F0FE6">Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7D433CFFBC8C6ECF9166D7ACF3AD282">Kolesnichenko, Kirill A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="860E914196242E174B33870F08DD9726">Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory I / 12, Moscow 119991, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F8BA6AF2098D3EC196A1044876FBB71" type="email">kkolesnichenko@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4290801C4C4ADC04DDD890F5EA7555B2">Kotlobay, Anatoly A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88623A6D7B37F2C080CB08695386A0A5">Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory I / 12, Moscow 119991, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="239A30510689DF083419AA7CB6F1157D" type="email">an_kotlobay@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FF483F8EE453F6EDDE484A66328E7C46">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6855862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197817566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6855862" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:295892C7-2C50-471F-A36B-CE1F69FA8E8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="381CF54AFFC8B33C9174FCA2FC14FC50" box="[622,966,800,827]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C9174FCA2FCB7FC50" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[622,869,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C9174FCA2FCB7FC50" bold="true" box="[622,869,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFC8B33C9076FCA3FC14FC50" box="[876,966,801,827]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFC8B33C92ACFCE5FBACFCEA" box="[438,1150,870,897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C92ACFCE5FBACFCEA" blockId="31.[369,1218,800,897]" box="[438,1150,870,897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C92ACFCE5FDE8FCEA" box="[438,570,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[195,1390,272,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[189,1398,266,1738]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Female genitalia (without the anal papillae, copulatory bursa, and anterior and posterior apophyses). A–D. M. shahvarica sp. nov., Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. E. M. lutko Evans, 1932, Chitral Gol National Park, Chitral, Pakistan, alt. 2700 m. F–I. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. G–H. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. I. Central Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839857/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figs 4A
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<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C9109FCE5FDF0FCEB" box="[531,546,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
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D
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</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C915CFCE5FDB4FCEA" box="[582,614,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,910,936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,267,872]" captionTargetId="figure-261@23.[189,1398,267,872]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution of Melitaea timandra timandra Coutsis & van Oorschot, 2014, M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. and M. shahvarica sp. nov. For a description of the points by letters, see Fig. 30. = Melitaea timandra timandra; = Melitaea timandra binaludica subsp. nov.; = Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov.;? = unconfirmed finds of Melitaea timandra; = Melitaea timandra with uncertain subspecies status." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839881/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C9168FCE5FD1BFCEA" box="[626,713,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[311,1284,274,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[296,1292,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 16. Male genitalia (without aedeagus) in dorsal projection. A–C. Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. D–H. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. I. M. lutko Evans, 1932. A–C. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. D. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. E. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., 10 km S of Bamian t., Hushkak v. vicinity, alt, 2700– 2800 m. F. Central Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m. G. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. H. Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 16 km E of Changcharan, Bandi-Ali v. vicinity, alt. 2400 m. I. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini CGNP [Chitral Gol National Park], alt. 2700 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839885/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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16A
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<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C91BEFCE5FD61FCEB" box="[676,691,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
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C
|
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</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C91CFFCE5FCFFFCEA" box="[725,813,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[192,1398,690,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-132@27.[189,1398,684,1814]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 18. Male genitalia and harpe. A–C. Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. D–E. M. lutko Evans, 1932. F–I. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. A–C. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. D–E. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini, CGNP [Chitral Gol National Park], alt. 2700 m. F–G. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km. NE Varas v., alt. 2400 m. H–I. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Panjub Distr., 10 km. NE Varas vil., alt. 2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839891/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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18A
|
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<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C9012FCE5FCC5FCEB" box="[776,791,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
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C
|
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C9023FCE5FC57FCEA" box="[825,901,871,897]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStart-7="Fig" captionStartId-0="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionStartId-1="33.[189,232,1959,1985]" captionStartId-2="35.[189,232,1959,1985]" captionStartId-3="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionStartId-4="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionStartId-5="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionStartId-6="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionStartId-7="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1394,948,1916]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,658,1922]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetBox-4="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetBox-5="[417,1201,269,1876]" captionTargetBox-6="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetBox-7="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId-0="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetId-1="figure-273@33.[189,1398,945,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-100@35.[189,1399,658,1922]" captionTargetId-3="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetId-4="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetId-5="figure-12@39.[378,1209,265,1883]" captionTargetId-6="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId-7="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionTargetPageId-3="37" captionTargetPageId-4="38" captionTargetPageId-5="39" captionTargetPageId-6="42" captionTargetPageId-7="43" captionText-0="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." captionText-1="Fig. 22. Male genitalia of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = valva; b = aedeagus). Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m." captionText-2="Fig. 23. Eggs of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov., Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. A–C. Lateral view. D–F. View from above. G–I. Micropile area." captionText-3="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." captionText-4="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." captionText-5="Fig. 26. V–VI instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. Fifth instar caterpillar. B. Sixth instar caterpillar. C. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view. D. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view." captionText-6="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." captionText-7="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839899" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839901" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6839899/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6839901/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">21–28</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C908BFCE5FC14FCEA" box="[913,966,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[189,232,1750,1776]" captionTargetBox="[273,1315,270,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[270,1317,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig.29.Differencesinthestructureofvalvaandaedeagusofthelutko speciesgroup.A.Melitaeashahvarica sp. nov. B, D, H. M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. C–E. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. M. lutko Evans, 1932. G. M. timandra timandra Coutsis &van Oorschot, 2014. A. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. B. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m. C. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. D. Afghanistan, Band-i-Amir, Hazarajat. E. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. F. Pakistan, Chitral, Gol National Park, alt. 2700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Sary-Yazy, alt. 700 m. H. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839915/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C90C8FCE5FC21FCEA" box="[978,1011,871,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1039,1065]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,269,992]" captionTargetId="figure-11@51.[189,1398,269,992]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 30 (continued on next page). Distribution of the lutko species group fritillaries in combination with the distribution of known and suspected species of host plants from the genus Phlomoides Blume. = Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932; = M. timandra timandra Coutsis & Oorschot, 2014; = M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov.; = M. shahvarica sp. nov.; = M. mimetica mimetica Higgins, 1940; = M. mimetica delerei Heidemann, 1954;? = unconfirmed findings of M. timandra; = M. timandra with an unclear subspecies status; = Phlomoides regeliana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides boissieriana (Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides laciniata (L.) Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides labiosiformis (Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides loasifolia (Benth.) Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki; = Phlomoides acaulis(Beck ex Rech.f.) Salmaki; = Phlomoides labiosa(Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm. A. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini CGNP, alt. 2700–3000 m. B. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Drosh. C. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Keon Nullah. D. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand. E. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Birmoglasht. F. Turkmenistan, Badkhyz, Kepeli, alt. 700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Badkhyz, Kyzyl-Jar, alt. 700 m. H. Turkmenistan, Kushka, alt. 700 m. I. Turkmenistan, Murgab river, Sary-Yazy, alt. 300 m. J. Turkmenistan, 30 km E of BairamAli, Zahmet, alt. 240 m. K. Turkmenistan, Bairam-Ali, alt. 230 m. L. Turkmenistan, Kara-Kum desert, 30 km W of Mary, alt. 200 m.M. Turkmenistan, Dushak, alt. 250 m.N. Turkmenistan, Chaacha, alt. 400 m. O. Turkmenistan, Bakharden, alt. 200 m. P. Iran, Khorossan Razavi, Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Qadamgah area, Gerina, alt. 2000 m. Q. Iran, Khorasan Razavi, Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, 15 km SW of Zoshk, alt. 2300– 2500 m. R. Iran, S Khorosan, 75 km N of Birjant, Sedeh, alt. 1500 m. S. Iran, S Khorosan, 35 km N of Birjant, alt. 1500 m. T. Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Dzhudoi-Kvak Gorge, alt. 3200 m. U. Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Hazarajat, alt. 3000–3200 m. V. Afghanistan, Bamian, Koh-iBaba Mts, Joshanak, alt. 2800 m. W. Afghanistan, Heart, Qala-i-Naw, Kashka pass. X. Iran, Semnan, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2500 m. Y. Turkmenistan, Kara-Kala, Monjukly Ridge, 300–700 m. Z. Iran, Golestan, E Maraveh Tappeh, N Ghazan Ghayeh, Palizan Mts. A”. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2500 m. B”. Pakistan, Balochistan, Ziarat, alt. 2500 m. C”. Pakistan, Balochistan, Khojak, alt. 1700 m. D”. Pakistan, Balochistan, Zaghum, alt. 1600 m; E”. Pakistan, Punjab, Gawar, alt. 500 m. F”. Pakistan, Balochistan, Sheik Wazil, alt. 1600 m. G”. Afghanistan, Bamian, Hushkak, alt. 2700– 2800 m. H”. Afghanistan, Bamian, Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas, alt. 2400 m. I”. Afghanistan, Ghor, 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m. J”. Afghanistan, Ghor, Bayan Range, 15 km S of Changcharan, Kindival valley, alt. 2700 m. K”. Afghanistan, Bamiyan, Kohi-Baba Mts, Panjao, alt. 3000 m. Afghanistan, Bamiyan, Koh-i-Baba Mts, Shah-tu-Kotal, alt. 4000 m. L”. Afghanistan, Kapisa, Pandshir valley, alt. 2200–2800 m. M”. Afghanistan, Kabul. N”. Iran, Tehran, Elburz Ridge, Demavend Mt., Ask, alt. 1800 m. O”. Iran, Semnan, Foulad Mohaleh, alt. 2200 m. P”. Pakistan, Punjab, Murree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6841901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6841901/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFC8B33C90E4FCE5FBACFCEA" box="[1022,1150,870,897]" captionStart-0="Table 4" captionStart-1="Table 5" captionStartId-0="35.[189,259,265,291]" captionStartId-1="36.[190,260,265,291]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionText-0="Table 4. Measurements of the egg of M. shahvarica sp. nov." captionText-1="Table 5. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" tableUuid-0="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" tableUuid-1="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F">Tables 4–5</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFC8B33C93A7FC2AFD63FAFC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93A7FC2AFE1BFCA9" blockId="31.[189,457,936,962]" box="[189,457,936,962]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<heading id="381CF54AFFC8B33C93A7FC2AFE1BFCA9" bold="true" box="[189,457,936,962]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93A7FC2AFE1BFCA9" bold="true" box="[189,457,936,962]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93A7FC55FD63FAFC" blockId="31.[189,1401,983,1432]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C93A7FC55FE62FC9A" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,432,983,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93A7FC55FE62FC9A" box="[189,432,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFC8B33C92A3FC55FDC7FC9A" box="[441,533,983,1009]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs well from the close species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C90A1FC55FB9DFC9A" baseAuthorityName="van Oorschot & Coutsis" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[955,1103,983,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C90A1FC55FB9DFC9A" box="[955,1103,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M. timandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C927FFC79FD52FB7F" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[357,640,1018,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C927FFC79FD52FB7F" box="[357,640,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFC8B33C9190FC78FCC2FB7F" box="[650,784,1018,1044]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have a wingspan of more than
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFC8B33C9795FC78FB2FFB7F" box="[1167,1277,1018,1045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, while the wingspan of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C9243FB9CFDD1FB5C" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[345,515,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C9243FB9CFDD1FB5C" box="[345,515,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is on average
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFC8B33C91ABFB9FFCCDFB5C" box="[689,799,1053,1080]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a noticeable reduction in the black pattern of the UPS (absence of submarginal lunules, weak development of black basal darkening and complete or partial absence UPH discal spots), absence of developed deposition of UNH dark scales, presence of UPF fused costal black dots of the submarginal and postdiscal rows centered by pale-orange spot. For the male genitalia, a characteristic feature is the presence of a noticeable protrusion of the ventral side, due to which the valva is visually noticeably expanded in the central part, so the length of the valva is only 1.5 times as great as the width. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFC8B33C919FFB73FCC5FA61" baseAuthorityName="van Oorschot & Coutsis" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[645,791,1264,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C919FFB73FCC5FA61" box="[645,791,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M. timandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ventral protrusion of the valva is smoothed and the length of the valva is at least 2 times as great as the width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C90BDFA91FBD2FA45" box="[935,1024,1299,1326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[189,232,1750,1776]" captionTargetBox="[273,1315,270,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[270,1317,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig.29.Differencesinthestructureofvalvaandaedeagusofthelutko speciesgroup.A.Melitaeashahvarica sp. nov. B, D, H. M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. C–E. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. M. lutko Evans, 1932. G. M. timandra timandra Coutsis &van Oorschot, 2014. A. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. B. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m. C. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. D. Afghanistan, Band-i-Amir, Hazarajat. E. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. F. Pakistan, Chitral, Gol National Park, alt. 2700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Sary-Yazy, alt. 700 m. H. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839915/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aedeagus is characterized by the absence of a noticeable protrusion on the ventral side at the junction of the anterior and posterior parts so both parts of the aedeagus are approximately on the same straight line. The female genitalia are characterized by an oval postvaginal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFC8B33C93A7FA3DFEB4F941" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93A7FA3DFE96FAB2" blockId="31.[189,324,1471,1497]" box="[189,324,1471,1497]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<heading id="381CF54AFFC8B33C93A7FA3DFE96FAB2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1471,1497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93A7FA3DFE96FAB2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1471,1497]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93A7FA6FFEB4F941" blockId="31.[189,1399,1517,1579]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The name is toponymic and denotes the name of the mountain on the slopes of which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFC8B33C97E2FA6CFAF9F963" box="[1272,1323,1518,1544]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFC8B30393A7F9D0FBFDFE2D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93A7F9D0FEBEF900" blockId="31.[189,364,1617,1644]" box="[189,364,1617,1644]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<heading id="381CF54AFFC8B33C93A7F9D0FEBEF900" bold="true" box="[189,364,1617,1644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93A7F9D0FEBEF900" bold="true" box="[189,364,1617,1644]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93F0F902FDB6F98A" blockId="31.[189,1399,1664,1761]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFC8B33C93F0F902FDB2F98A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902314" collectingDate="2018-05-05" collectingDateMax="2018-05-06" collectingDateMin="2018-05-05" collectionCode="SDM" collectorName="K. Kolesnichenko" country="Iran" elevation="2300" location="Shahvar Mt." municipality="Shahrud" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Semnan Prov." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93F0F902FE8EF9F1" bold="true" box="[234,348,1664,1690]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFC8B33C93F0F902FE8EF9F1" box="[234,348,1664,1690]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C9276F902FE3CF9F1" box="[364,494,1664,1690]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 21A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1BFC02B6FFC8B33C93A7F926FED7F9D5" box="[189,261,1700,1726]" name="Iran" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">IRAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C9239F926FEEEF9D5" box="[291,316,1700,1726]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFC8B33C9251F926FE26F9D5" box="[331,500,1700,1726]" country="Iran" name="Semnan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Semnan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8330D85CFFC8B33C9118F921FDB6F9D6" box="[514,612,1699,1725]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shahrud</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
area, S macroslope of
|
||
<location id="663414FDFFC8B33C9065F921FBC4F9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2:663414FDFFC8B33C9065F921FBC4F9D5" box="[895,1046,1699,1726]" country="Iran" municipality="Shahrud" name="Shahvar Mt." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Semnan Prov.">Shahvar Mt.</location>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFC8B33C9749F926FB29F9D5" box="[1107,1275,1700,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2300.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E8C6A515FFC8B33C9749F926FB29F9D5" box="[1107,1275,1700,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2300.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200–2400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFC8B33C9611F921FF29F98A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2018-05-05" valueMax="2018-05-06" valueMin="2018-05-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="07119D0EFFC8B33C9611F921FF29F98A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2018-05-05" valueMax="2018-05-06" valueMin="2018-05-05">5–6 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="CE1E27F0FFC8B33C921DF945FE09F98A" box="[263,475,1735,1761]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K. Kolesnichenko</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="05FADAE3FFC8B33C9107F945FDB2F98A" box="[541,608,1735,1761]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gw1v-bpc3" name="Stroud and District Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SDM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B33C93F0F88AFD94F849" blockId="31.[189,1399,1800,1967]" box="[234,582,1800,1826]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C93F0F88AFEB5F849" bold="true" box="[234,359,1800,1826]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFC8B33C93F0F88AFEB5F849" box="[234,359,1800,1826]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFC8B33C9262F88AFDECF849" box="[376,574,1800,1826]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 21B–H, J–P</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFC8B30393A7F8A9FBFDFE2D" blockId="31.[189,1399,1800,1967]" lastBlockId="32.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFC8B33C93A7F8A9FEF6F802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902344" collectingDate="2018-05-05" collectingDateMax="2018-05-06" collectingDateMin="2018-05-05" collectionCode="EDMSU" collectorName="K. Kolesnichenko" country="Iran" elevation="2300" location="Shahvar Mt." municipality="Shahrud" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="42" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="34" stateProvince="Semnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1BFC02B6FFC8B33C93A7F8A9FED7F82E" box="[189,261,1835,1861]" name="Iran" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">IRAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFC8B33C9204F8A9FE18F82E" bold="true" box="[286,458,1835,1861]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFC8B33C9204F8A9FE18F82E" box="[286,458,1835,1861]" country="Iran" name="Semnan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Semnan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C92F8F8A9FDE3F82D" box="[482,561,1835,1862]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">34 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(10 dissected),
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C91FCF8A9FCF5F82D" box="[742,807,1835,1862]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(4 dissected); same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="05FADAE3FFC8B33C93A7F8CDFEF6F802" box="[189,292,1871,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EDMSU</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFC8B33C9221F8CDFA91F802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902350" box="[315,1347,1870,1897]" collectingDate="2017-05-18" collectingDateMax="2017-05-19" collectingDateMin="2017-05-18" collectionCode="EDMSU" collectorName="K. Kolesnichenko" country="Iran" elevation="2300" location="Shahvar Mt." municipality="Shahrud" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Semnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C9221F8CDFEAEF802" box="[315,380,1871,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(all dissected); same collection data as for holotype but
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFC8B33C971DF8CDFB02F802" box="[1031,1232,1871,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2017-05-18" valueMax="2017-05-19" valueMin="2017-05-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="07119D0EFFC8B33C971DF8CDFB02F802" box="[1031,1232,1871,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2017-05-18" valueMax="2017-05-19" valueMin="2017-05-18">18–19 May 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="05FADAE3FFC8B33C97C6F8CDFA91F802" box="[1244,1347,1871,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EDMSU</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFC8B33C9643F8CCFCD3F8C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902305" collectingDate="2009-05-07" collectingDateMax="2009-05-08" collectingDateMin="2009-05-07" collectionCode="EDMSU" collectorName="K. Kolesnichenko" country="Iran" county="Shahrud area" location="Tohar" municipality="Shahvar Mts" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Semnan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C9643F8CCFF3BF8E7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">16 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(10 dissected),
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C92B8F8F3FE36F8E7" box="[418,484,1905,1932]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(all dissected);
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8A353AAAFFC8B33C9184F8F0FCE9F8E7" box="[670,827,1906,1932]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shahrud area</collectingCounty>
|
||
, S macroslope of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8330D85CFFC8B33C9711F8F0FB71F8E7" box="[1035,1187,1906,1932]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shahvar Mts</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="663414FDFFC8B33C97B4F8F0FB20F8E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2:663414FDFFC8B33C97B4F8F0FB20F8E7" box="[1198,1266,1906,1932]" country="Iran" county="Shahrud area" municipality="Shahvar Mts" name="Tohar" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Semnan">Tohar</location>
|
||
v. vicinity;
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFC8B33C93A7F817FEA2F8C4" box="[189,368,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2009-05-07" valueMax="2009-05-08" valueMin="2009-05-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="07119D0EFFC8B33C93A7F817FEA2F8C4" box="[189,368,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2009-05-07" valueMax="2009-05-08" valueMin="2009-05-07">7–8 May 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="CE1E27F0FFC8B33C9264F817FD86F8C4" box="[382,596,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K. Kolesnichenko</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="05FADAE3FFC8B33C9180F817FCD3F8C4" box="[666,769,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EDMSU</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFC8B3039004F817FAC5FE48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902311" collectingDate="2018-05-06" collectingDateMax="2018-05-07" collectingDateMin="2018-05-06" collectorName="A. A. Kotlobay" country="Iran" elevation="2200" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" location="Shahvar Mt." municipality="Ridge" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="41" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="32" stateProvince="Gerdab. Elburs Ridge">
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C9004F817FCA3F8C4" box="[798,881,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">32 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(3 dissected),
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFC8B33C9739F817FBB5F8C4" box="[1059,1127,1941,1967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(2 dissected),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFC8B3039603F817FE8BFE48" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gerdab. Elburs Ridge</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="663414FDFFF7B3039279FE8BFE24FE48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB42F330FFC8B30E9174FCA2FAA5F8D2:663414FDFFF7B3039279FE8BFE24FE48" box="[355,502,265,291]" municipality="Ridge" name="Shahvar Mt." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Gerdab. Elburs Ridge">Shahvar Mt.</location>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF7B3039136FE8BFD55FE48" box="[556,647,265,291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="2200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E8C6A515FFF7B3039136FE8BFD55FE48" box="[556,647,265,291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFF7B3039188FE8BFCECFE48" box="[658,830,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2018-05-06" valueMax="2018-05-07" valueMin="2018-05-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="07119D0EFFF7B3039188FE8BFCECFE48" box="[658,830,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2018-05-06" valueMax="2018-05-07" valueMin="2018-05-06">6–7 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="CE1E27F0FFF7B303905DFE8BFC21FE48" box="[839,1011,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A.A. Kotlobay</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="CE1E27F0FFF7B3039771FE8BFAC5FE48" box="[1131,1303,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A.A. Kotlobay</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D383487BFFF7B3039637FE8BFBFDFE2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863902336" collectingDate="2019-05-09" collectingDateMax="2018-05-07" collectingDateMin="2018-05-06" collectorName="A. A. Kotlobay." elevation="2200" location="Shahvar Mt." municipality="Ridge" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Alborz">
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFF7B3039637FE8BFAA3FE48" box="[1325,1393,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding but
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFF7B30391BFFEAEFCE4FE2D" box="[677,822,300,327]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2019-05-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="07119D0EFFF7B30391BFFEAEFCE4FE2D" box="[677,822,300,327]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2019-05-09">9 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="CE1E27F0FFF7B3039061FEAEFBFDFE2D" box="[891,1071,300,326]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A.A. Kotlobay.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFF7B30B93A7FEEFFAE9F8A3" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF7B30393A7FEEFFE9CFEEC" blockId="32.[189,334,365,391]" box="[189,334,365,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<heading id="381CF54AFFF7B30393A7FEEFFE9CFEEC" bold="true" box="[189,334,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30393A7FEEFFE9CFEEC" bold="true" box="[189,334,365,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF7B30393F0FE1EFDD8FEDD" blockId="32.[187,1400,412,720]" box="[234,522,412,438]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30393F0FE1EFEF8FEDD" bold="true" box="[234,298,412,438]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF7B3039220FE1EFDD0FEDD" box="[314,514,412,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 21A–D, I–L</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF7B30293A7FE42FBADFD72" blockId="32.[187,1400,412,720]" lastBlockId="33.[188,1400,265,538]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
WINGS. FW length is
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF7B30392A6FE3DFDEDFEB1" box="[444,575,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFF7B3039162FE3DFD0DFEB2" box="[632,735,447,473]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF7B303901EFE3DFC89FEB1" box="[772,859,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
. UPS ground color is bright orange-red. UPS black pattern reduced; UPS thin black marginal border with well-defined small marginal spots along the outer edge of the wings; UPF submarginal row usually represented by black dots or strokes. UPH submarginal row is absent or reduced. A characteristic feature for most specimens of the new species is the UPF black macule located between veins Sc and R5 and formed by the fused submarginal and postdiscal costal dots centered with orange or pale spot; UPF discal row represented by small black spots not fused with each other, UPH discal row absent or formed by small black spots reduced closer to the costa; UPF postdiscal pale-yellowish area, located behind the black discal spots, is weakly expressed or expressed only at the costal edge: usually, only 2–3 yellowish macules situated near the costa; UPF paleyellowish macule in the distal part of the discoidal cell weakly expressed; UPH basal black suffusion covers less than ¼ of the wing surface; UNF pale area along the outer edge of the wing between the veins Sc and M2 is well developed; UPH discal macules are either absent or expressed only as a row of dots between the veins A2–M3, in rare cases UPH discal row developed and formed by small and delicate macules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF6B302922AFE3BFE4CFEB8" box="[304,414,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
); UNF pale macules in the postdiscal area are not pronounced; white UNH ground color with a slight admixture of dark scales; UNH lunules forming the proximal edge of submarginal orange fascia outwardly concave and sharply pointed between veins M3 and Cu2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF7B30393A7F955FB42F8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" targetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF7B30393A7F955FB42F8AE" blockId="32.[189,1399,1751,1989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30393A7F955FEC8F99A" bold="true" box="[189,282,1751,1777]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF7B303928FF95AFD55F999" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[405,647,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303928FF95AFD55F999" box="[405,647,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF7B3039194F95AFD3AF999" box="[654,744,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30391F4F955FCFBF99A" bold="true" box="[750,809,1751,1777]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A–H</emphasis>
|
||
. UPS.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B3039066F95AFC7AF999" bold="true" box="[892,936,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
I
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303909DF95AFC44F999" bold="true" box="[903,918,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
P
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. UNS.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30390E5F955FBFFF999" bold="true" box="[1023,1069,1751,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A, I</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype, ♂ (SDM).
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303962CF95AFABDF999" bold="true" box="[1334,1391,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B–H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30393A7F979FF3FF87E" bold="true" box="[189,237,1787,1813]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J–P</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratypes (EDMSU).
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303911EF978FDE9F87F" bold="true" box="[516,571,1786,1812]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30392BEF89CFE6BF853" bold="true" box="[420,441,1822,1848]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF7B3039678F89DFECAF830" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" variety="vicinity">v. vicinity</taxonomicName>
|
||
, alt. 2200 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30392B4F8C3FE3BF830" bold="true" box="[430,489,1857,1884]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
E
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B30392D9F8C0FE00F837" bold="true" box="[451,466,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
H
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303923EF8E7FE84F814" bold="true" box="[292,342,1893,1919]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
I
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303922AF8E7FEEDF814" bold="true" box="[304,319,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
K
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B303962DF8E7FA99F814" bold="true" box="[1335,1355,1893,1919]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF7B30390E5F80AFBA6F8C9" box="[1023,1140,1928,1954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" variety="vicinity">v. vicinity</taxonomicName>
|
||
, alt. 2200 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B3039614F80AFA99F8C9" bold="true" box="[1294,1355,1928,1954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
M
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF7B3039631F80AFAE8F8C9" bold="true" box="[1323,1338,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
P
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF6B30293A7FDC3FDF0FC45" blockId="33.[188,1401,577,814]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
MALE GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF6B302929CFDC3FDCAFD30" box="[390,536,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[311,1284,274,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[296,1292,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 16. Male genitalia (without aedeagus) in dorsal projection. A–C. Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. D–H. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. I. M. lutko Evans, 1932. A–C. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. D. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. E. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., 10 km S of Bamian t., Hushkak v. vicinity, alt, 2700– 2800 m. F. Central Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m. G. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. H. Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 16 km E of Changcharan, Bandi-Ali v. vicinity, alt. 2400 m. I. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini CGNP [Chitral Gol National Park], alt. 2700 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839885/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
FigS 16A
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF6B30292E9FDC6FDD0FD31" box="[499,514,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF6B302913FFDC3FDAEFD30" box="[549,636,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[192,1398,690,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-132@27.[189,1398,684,1814]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 18. Male genitalia and harpe. A–C. Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. D–E. M. lutko Evans, 1932. F–I. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. A–C. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. D–E. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini, CGNP [Chitral Gol National Park], alt. 2700 m. F–G. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km. NE Varas v., alt. 2400 m. H–I. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Panjub Distr., 10 km. NE Varas vil., alt. 2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839891/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
18A
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF6B302914DFDC6FDB4FD31" box="[599,614,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF6B3029193FDC3FD7BFD30" box="[649,681,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1959,1985]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,948,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-273@33.[189,1398,945,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 22. Male genitalia of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = valva; b = aedeagus). Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839899/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF6B30291AFFDC3FD3AFD30" box="[693,744,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[189,232,1750,1776]" captionTargetBox="[273,1315,270,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[270,1317,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig.29.Differencesinthestructureofvalvaandaedeagusofthelutko speciesgroup.A.Melitaeashahvarica sp. nov. B, D, H. M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. C–E. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. M. lutko Evans, 1932. G. M. timandra timandra Coutsis &van Oorschot, 2014. A. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. B. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m. C. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. D. Afghanistan, Band-i-Amir, Hazarajat. E. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. F. Pakistan, Chitral, Gol National Park, alt. 2700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Sary-Yazy, alt. 700 m. H. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839915/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">29A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A broad valva with a wide and elongated distal caudal process with 2–3 small spines on the dorsal surface. The relatively short harpe is expanded in the central part with a small number of separately spaced or fused teeth on the inner surface. Curved aedeagus with a rounded convex dorsal edge. There is a smooth bend on the ventral surface of the aedeagus at the junction of the anterior and posterior parts, as a result of which the aedeagus looks S-shaped. Saccus is thin, its length is 2 times as great as its width. In some specimens the saccus is deeply divided into relatively wide rounded lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF6B30293A7F825FC77F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839899/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[189,232,1959,1985]" targetBox="[190,1394,948,1916]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF6B30293A7F825FC77F88E" blockId="33.[189,1398,1959,2021]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF6B30293A7F825FEC9F8AA" bold="true" box="[189,283,1959,1985]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF6B30292EEF825FD34F8AA" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[500,742,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF6B30292EEF825FD34F8AA" box="[500,742,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF6B30291F4F825FC98F8AA" box="[750,842,1959,1985]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(a = valva; b
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF6B30290F7F82AFBD3F8AA" box="[1005,1025,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">=</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus). Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193F0FE8BFDE3FE48" blockId="34.[189,1400,264,467]" box="[234,561,264,291]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193F0FE8BFE97FE48" bold="true" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B301924CFE8AFDFBFE48" box="[342,553,264,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 21E–H, M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FEAEFCE9FEB9" blockId="34.[189,1400,264,467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
WINGS. FW length is
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF5B30192A0FEAEFDEFFE2D" box="[442,573,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. UPS ground color is bright orange; UPF postdiscal pale area is more pronounced than in the male; there is a distinct pale macule in the distal part of discoidal cell; UPH submarginal and discal rows are usually reduced, but in some specimens well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B30197E6FEF0FABBFEE7" box="[1276,1385,370,396]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1751,1777]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,813,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-190@32.[189,1398,810,1713]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Adults of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A–H. UPS. I–P. UNS. A, I. Holotype, ♂ (SDM). B–H, J–P. Paratypes (EDMSU). A–C. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m. D. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. E–H. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200– 2400 m. I–K. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., 2200–2400 m. L. ♂. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, Tohar v. vicinity, alt. 2200 m. M–P. ♀. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839897/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
); UNH discal row usually represented by 2–4 black spots near the costa; UNS pattern is generally similar to that of the males, but the main color is bright white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FE78FCBDFD31" blockId="34.[188,1399,506,602]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
FEMALE GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B3019281FE78FDCFFD7F" box="[411,541,506,532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[195,1390,272,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[189,1398,266,1738]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Female genitalia (without the anal papillae, copulatory bursa, and anterior and posterior apophyses). A–D. M. shahvarica sp. nov., Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. E. M. lutko Evans, 1932, Chitral Gol National Park, Chitral, Pakistan, alt. 2700 m. F–I. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. G–H. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. I. Central Afghanistan, Ghor Prov., 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839857/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The postvaginal plate is oval or wide-oval, in rare cases-oval-triangular. The antevaginal plate is narrow in the dorsoventral direction, its outer edge does not extend beyond the boundaries of the bend of the postvaginal plate (auricules).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193F0FD03FCD2FDF6" blockId="34.[189,1398,641,774]" box="[234,768,641,669]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193F0FD03FE07FDF7" bold="true" box="[234,469,641,668]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Preimaginal stages</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B30192FFFD00FDBFFDF7" box="[485,621,642,668]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="35.[189,232,1959,1985]" captionStartId-1="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionStartId-2="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionStartId-3="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,658,1922]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetBox-2="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetBox-3="[417,1201,269,1876]" captionTargetId-0="figure-100@35.[189,1399,658,1922]" captionTargetId-1="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@39.[378,1209,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionTargetPageId-2="38" captionTargetPageId-3="39" captionText-0="Fig. 23. Eggs of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov., Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. A–C. Lateral view. D–F. View from above. G–I. Micropile area." captionText-1="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." captionText-2="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." captionText-3="Fig. 26. V–VI instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. Fifth instar caterpillar. B. Sixth instar caterpillar. C. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view. D. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839901" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6839901/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 23–26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B3019162FD00FD2AFDF6" box="[632,760,642,669]" captionStart-0="Table 4" captionStart-1="Table 5" captionStartId-0="35.[189,259,265,291]" captionStartId-1="36.[190,260,265,291]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionText-0="Table 4. Measurements of the egg of M. shahvarica sp. nov." captionText-1="Table 5. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid-0="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" tableUuid-1="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F">Tables 4–5</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193F0FD27FE3CFDD4" blockId="34.[189,1398,641,774]" box="[234,494,677,703]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193F0FD27FEC9FDD4" bold="true" box="[234,283,677,703]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Egg</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B3019231FD27FE50FDD4" box="[299,386,677,703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1959,1985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,658,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-100@35.[189,1399,658,1922]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 23. Eggs of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov., Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. A–C. Lateral view. D–F. View from above. G–I. Micropile area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839901/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B3019294FD27FE34FDD4" box="[398,486,677,703]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="35.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of the egg of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FD4AFDE4FC6D" blockId="34.[189,1398,641,774]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Material examined:
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFF5B30192B4FD4AFDD9FD88" box="[430,523,712,739]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="egg">26 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
from three clutches:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1BFC02B6FFF5B3019014FD4BFC92FD88" box="[782,832,713,739]" name="Iran" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFF5B3019055FD4AFC25FD88" box="[847,1015,712,739]" country="Iran" name="Semnan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Semnan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt.
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF5B3019297FD69FDE0FC6D" box="[397,562,747,774]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2300.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200–2400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FCAFFEC1FB0B" blockId="34.[189,1399,813,1120]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The egg has a well-defined pear shape. The height of the egg is from 699.4 µm to 700.6 µm, the width is from 606.5 µm to 610.0 µm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B301912CFCD2FD41FC01" box="[566,659,848,874]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="35.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Table 4. Measurements of the egg of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The sculpture of the micropile region is formed from four to five rows of penta-hexahedral cells of various lengths and widths. The diameter of the micropile rosette in the widest part varies from 41.0 µm to 54.4 µm. The micropile rosette is formed by 7–8 primary quadra-pentahedral cells with width from 7.0 µm to 17.6 µm and length from 10.0 µm to 25.0 µm. The micropile is rounded in shape, with an average diameter of 5.1 µm. There are 24–26 lateral longitudinal ribs in the micropilar region which fall to ⅓ of the egg surface. The transverse ribs are often not or weakly expressed. Below the lateral ribs, the chorion has a cellular structure. The freshly laid eggs are yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FB0AFE64FA39" blockId="34.[188,1399,1160,1362]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B301927FFB0BFDADFBC9" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[357,639,1160,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B301927FFB0BFDADFBC9" box="[357,639,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF5B301919CFB0AFCDCFBC9" box="[646,782,1160,1186]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whose eggs are oval with a slight narrowing in the apical region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFF5B3019272FB29FD27FBAE" author="Kolesnichenko K. A. & Kotlobay A. A." box="[360,757,1195,1221]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="566 - 574" refId="ref30158" refString="Kolesnichenko K. A. & Kotlobay A. A. 2020. Early stages and biology of Melitaea timandra Coutsis et Oorschot, 2014 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) under the conditions of Kuh-e-Binalud Mountain (Iran). Zootaxa 4729 (4): 566 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4729.4.7" type="journal article" year="2020">Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B3019082FB2EFB90FBAE" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[920,1090,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B3019082FB2EFB90FBAE" box="[920,1090,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF5B3019750FB2EFB74FBAD" box="[1098,1190,1196,1222]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are characterized by a pear shape. In addition, the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B3019187FB4DFC67FB83" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[669,949,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B3019187FB4DFC67FB83" box="[669,949,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are on average larger, their maximum height is about 850.0 µm, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B301911FFB70FD7FFA60" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[517,685,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B301911FFB70FD7FFA60" box="[517,685,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the egg height is on average about 700.0 µm. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30197C6FB70FABCFA60" baseAuthorityName="van Oorschot & Coutsis" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1244,1390,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30197C6FB70FABCFA60" box="[1244,1390,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the micropile rosette is formed by 9–10 primary cells, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B301909AFA97FBFAFA44" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[896,1064,1301,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B301909AFA97FBFAFA44" box="[896,1064,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the micropile is surrounded by 7–8 primary cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193F0FAFBFCE9FAFF" blockId="34.[187,1400,1401,1745]" box="[234,827,1401,1428]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193F0FAFBFDD3FAF8" bold="true" box="[234,513,1401,1427]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">First instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B301910BFAFBFDBEFAF8" box="[529,620,1401,1427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B3019162FAFBFD02FAFF" box="[632,720,1401,1428]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B30191C1FAFBFCE0FAFF" box="[731,818,1401,1428]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="36.[190,260,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Table 5. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7FA1EFAAAF9BA" blockId="34.[187,1400,1401,1745]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The body length of a caterpillar recently hatched from an egg is about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF5B30190C7FA1FFBCDFADC" box="[989,1055,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1976.4 ± 2.2 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B30197E5FA1EFF1CFAB1" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 24E– F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B30193C1FA3DFEC0FAB1" box="[219,274,1471,1498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The body length of a caterpillar of the first instar before molting is about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF5B3019797FA42FB00FAB1" box="[1165,1234,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B30197F8FA42FA82FAB1" box="[1250,1360,1471,1498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A caterpillar hatched from an egg is light green with a black head, covered with long hairs. The width of the head capsule is 412.5 ± 0.2 µm, the height is 322.5 ± 0.7 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B301909EF984FC23F94B" box="[900,1009,1542,1568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
). From the side, the head capsule is triangular, expanding to the area of the oral organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF5B3019059F9ABFC07F928" box="[835,981,1577,1603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,527,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-74@37.[189,1398,526,1920]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 24. First instar caterpillar of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. A. Head, bottom view. B. Head, front view. C–D. Head, lateral view. E–F. Caterpillar, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 24C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distance in the widest part of this triangle between the labrum and the base of the head is 240.0± 1.4 µm. The eyes are approximately the same size, their location is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30191EEF9F2FBD9F9E1" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[756,1035,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30191EEF9F2FBD9F9E1" box="[756,1035,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF5B3019709F9F2FB45F9E1" box="[1043,1175,1648,1674]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFF5B30197BCF9F2FEA1F9C6" author="Kolesnichenko K. A. & Kotlobay A. A." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="566 - 574" refId="ref30158" refString="Kolesnichenko K. A. & Kotlobay A. A. 2020. Early stages and biology of Melitaea timandra Coutsis et Oorschot, 2014 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) under the conditions of Kuh-e-Binalud Mountain (Iran). Zootaxa 4729 (4): 566 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4729.4.7" type="journal article" year="2020">Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The labrum with a width of 134.4± 0.4 µm is divided into 2 blades. The arrangement of the bristles on the head capsule is conservative. The distance between the bristles is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B3019600F934FAA0F9BA" box="[1306,1394,1718,1745]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="36.[190,260,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Table 5. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF5B30193A7F97AFE37F88E" blockId="34.[189,1399,1783,2021]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
We compared the distances between the bristles located on the lateral part of the head capsule of the first-instar caterpillars
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30192E1F899FD7AF85E" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[507,680,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30192E1F899FD7AF85E" box="[507,680,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF5B30191A9F899FCC3F85E" box="[691,785,1819,1845]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B3019038F899FCADF85E" box="[802,895,1818,1845]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="36.[190,260,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Table 5. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. shahvarica sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30190D2F899FB37F85E" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[968,1253,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30190D2F899FB37F85E" box="[968,1253,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF5B30197EAF899FAA5F85E" box="[1264,1399,1819,1845]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="2E69779DFFF5B30193DFF8BCFEF2F833" box="[197,288,1854,1880]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="40.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Table 6. Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). The location of the bristles and the distance between them on the head capsule are relatively stable for each species. Differences in the distance between the bristles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B3019736F8E0FA96F810" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1068,1348,1889,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B3019736F8E0FA96F810" box="[1068,1348,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30193A4F807FEBBF8F5" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[190,361,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193A4F807FEBBF8F5" box="[190,361,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are observed between L1–O1 (about 111.0 µm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30190CEF807FBADF8F5" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[980,1151,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30190CEF807FBADF8F5" box="[980,1151,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and about 113.0 µm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30193F3F82AFDD6F8AA" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[233,516,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193F3F82AFDD6F8AA" box="[233,516,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and L1–O3 (about 122.0 µm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30190BCF82AFB80F8AA" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[934,1106,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30190BCF82AFB80F8AA" box="[934,1106,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and about 127.0 µm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF5B30193A5F849FE06F88E" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[191,468,1995,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF5B30193A5F849FE06F88E" box="[191,468,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" ID-Table-UUID="379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" box="[189,898,265,292]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[189,259,265,291]" targetBox="[201,1378,357,567]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF4B30093A7FE8BFC50FE4F" blockId="35.[189,898,265,292]" box="[189,898,265,292]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B30093A7FE8BFEF2FE48" bold="true" box="[189,288,265,291]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of the egg of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF4B300916DFE88FCF2FE48" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[631,800,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300916DFE88FCF2FE48" box="[631,800,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF4B300903DFE88FC50FE4F" box="[807,898,266,292]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF4B300926CFEE7FAFDFD7F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="11EBB086FFF44CDC93D3FEE7FAB0FD5C" box="[201,1378,357,567]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF44CDC93D3FEE7FAB0FECB" box="[201,1378,357,416]" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC926CFEE7FE22FECB" box="[374,496,357,416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300926CFEE7FE1DFEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Egg height (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC911CFEE7FDA8FECB" box="[518,634,357,416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300911CFEE7FD8EFEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Egg width (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9189FEE7FC86FECB" box="[659,852,357,416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B3009189FEE7FC97FEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Micropile rosette diameter (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9070FEE7FBDCFECB" box="[874,1038,357,416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300909EFEE7FBDCFEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Micropile diameter (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC973DFEE7FB67FECB" box="[1063,1205,357,416]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300973DFEE7FB7FFEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Primary cell width (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC97CEFEE7FAB0FECB" box="[1236,1378,357,416]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B30097CEFEE7FA8CFEF4" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Primary cell length (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF44CDC93D3FE3AFAB0FEBA" box="[201,1378,440,465]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC93D3FE3AFEB0FEBA" box="[201,354,440,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Average value</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC926CFE3AFE22FEBA" box="[374,496,440,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">700.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC911CFE3AFDA8FEBA" box="[518,634,440,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">608.0</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9189FE3AFC86FEBA" box="[659,852,440,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">46.5</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9070FE3AFBDCFEBA" box="[874,1038,440,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC973DFE3AFB67FEBA" box="[1063,1205,440,465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC97CEFE3AFAB0FEBA" box="[1236,1378,440,465]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">21.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF44CDC93D3FE7EFAB0FD5C" box="[201,1378,508,567]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC93D3FE7EFEB0FD5C" box="[201,354,508,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Standard deviation</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC926CFE7EFE22FD5C" box="[374,496,508,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC911CFE7EFDA8FD5C" box="[518,634,508,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9189FE7EFC86FD5C" box="[659,852,508,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC9070FE7EFBDCFD5C" box="[874,1038,508,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC973DFE7EFB67FD5C" box="[1063,1205,508,567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF44CDC97CEFE7EFAB0FD5C" box="[1236,1378,508,567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">7.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF4B30093A7F825FAE5F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839901/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[189,232,1959,1985]" targetBox="[189,1398,658,1922]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF4B30093A7F825FAE5F88E" blockId="35.[189,1398,1959,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B30093A7F825FECCF8AA" bold="true" box="[189,286,1959,1985]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF4B3009289F825FD5AF8AA" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[403,648,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B3009289F825FD5AF8AA" box="[403,648,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF4B300918EF82AFD27F8A9" box="[660,757,1960,1986]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B3009124F848FDA5F88F" bold="true" box="[574,631,1994,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300903FF849FC89F88E" bold="true" box="[805,859,1995,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
. View from above.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF4B300975EF848FBA7F88F" bold="true" box="[1092,1141,1994,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
. Micropile area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" ID-Table-UUID="379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" box="[190,1183,265,292]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/379412AEFFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[190,260,265,291]" targetBox="[200,1307,358,1327]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793A4FE8BFB4DFE4F" blockId="36.[190,1183,265,292]" box="[190,1183,265,292]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B30793A4FE8BFEF3FE48" bold="true" box="[190,289,265,291]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF3B307908EFE88FBEFFE48" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[916,1085,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B307908EFE88FBEFFE48" box="[916,1085,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF3B307975EFE88FB4DFE4F" box="[1092,1183,266,292]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793D2FEE4FB67FA45" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<table id="11EBB086FFF34CDC93D2FEE4FAC9FA44" box="[200,1307,358,1327]" colsContinueIn="40.[200,1328,357,778]" gridcols="3" gridrows="19" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FEE4FAC9FEEA" box="[200,1307,358,385]" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FEE4FEEDFEEA" box="[200,319,358,385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B30793D2FEE4FEF4FEEB" bold="true" box="[200,294,358,384]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bristles</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FEE4FCA2FEEA" box="[601,880,358,385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B3079143FEE4FCA2FEEB" bold="true" box="[601,880,358,385]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Average distance (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FEE4FAC9FEEA" box="[1066,1307,358,385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B3079730FEE4FAC9FEEB" bold="true" box="[1066,1307,358,384]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Standard deviation</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FE1AFAC9FED8" box="[200,1307,408,435]" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FE1AFEEDFED8" box="[200,319,408,435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P1–P1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FE1AFCA2FED8" box="[601,880,408,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">198.4</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FE1AFAC9FED8" box="[1066,1307,408,435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FE4BFAC9FE8F" box="[200,1307,457,484]" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FE4BFEEDFE8F" box="[200,319,457,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P2–P2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FE4BFCA2FE8F" box="[601,880,457,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">202.0</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FE4BFAC9FE8F" box="[1066,1307,457,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FE79FAC9FD7E" box="[200,1307,507,533]" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FE79FEEDFD7E" box="[200,319,507,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">AF1–AF1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FE79FCA2FD7E" box="[601,880,507,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">87.7</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FE79FAC9FD7E" box="[1066,1307,507,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FDAEFAC9FD2D" box="[200,1307,556,582]" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FDAEFEEDFD2D" box="[200,319,556,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">AF2–AF2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FDAEFCA2FD2D" box="[601,880,556,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">34.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FDAEFAC9FD2D" box="[1066,1307,556,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FDDFFAC9FD1C" box="[200,1307,605,631]" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FDDFFEEDFD1C" box="[200,319,605,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">AF2–AF2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FDDFFCA2FD1C" box="[601,880,605,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">34.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FDDFFAC9FD1C" box="[1066,1307,605,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FD0CFAC9FDC3" box="[200,1307,654,680]" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FD0CFEEDFDC3" box="[200,319,654,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A1–A1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FD0CFCA2FDC3" box="[601,880,654,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">267.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FD0CFAC9FDC3" box="[1066,1307,654,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FD3DFAC9FDB2" box="[200,1307,703,729]" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FD3DFEEDFDB2" box="[200,319,703,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A2–A2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FD3DFCA2FDB2" box="[601,880,703,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">242.3</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FD3DFAC9FDB2" box="[1066,1307,703,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FD72FAC9FC60" box="[200,1307,752,779]" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FD72FEEDFC60" box="[200,319,752,779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A3–A3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FD72FCA2FC60" box="[601,880,752,779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">360.5</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FD72FAC9FC60" box="[1066,1307,752,779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FCA3FAC9FC50" box="[200,1307,801,827]" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FCA3FEEDFC50" box="[200,319,801,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">F1–F1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FCA3FCA2FC50" box="[601,880,801,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">70.0</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FCA3FAC9FC50" box="[1066,1307,801,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FCD1FAC9FC06" box="[200,1307,851,877]" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FCD1FEEDFC06" box="[200,319,851,877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C1–C1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FCD1FCA2FC06" box="[601,880,851,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">89.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FCD1FAC9FC06" box="[1066,1307,851,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FC01FAC9FCF5" box="[200,1307,899,926]" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FC01FEEDFCF5" box="[200,319,899,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C2–C2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FC01FCA2FCF5" box="[601,880,899,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">166.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FC01FAC9FCF5" box="[1066,1307,899,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FC37FAC9FCA4" box="[200,1307,949,975]" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FC37FEEDFCA4" box="[200,319,949,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">L1–O1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FC37FCA2FCA4" box="[601,880,949,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">111.0</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FC37FAC9FCA4" box="[1066,1307,949,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FC64FAC9FB6A" box="[200,1307,998,1025]" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FC64FEEDFB6A" box="[200,319,998,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">L1–O2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FC64FCA2FB6A" box="[601,880,998,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">56.2</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FC64FAC9FB6A" box="[1066,1307,998,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FB95FAC9FB5A" box="[200,1307,1047,1073]" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FB95FEEDFB5A" box="[200,319,1047,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">L1–O3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FB95FCA2FB5A" box="[601,880,1047,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">121.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FB95FAC9FB5A" box="[1066,1307,1047,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FBCAFAC9FB08" box="[200,1307,1096,1123]" gridrow="15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FBCAFEEDFB08" box="[200,319,1096,1123]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">O1–O2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FBCAFCA2FB08" box="[601,880,1096,1123]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">64.3</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FBCAFAC9FB08" box="[1066,1307,1096,1123]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FBFBFAC9FBF8" box="[200,1307,1145,1171]" gridrow="16" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FBFBFEEDFBF8" box="[200,319,1145,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">O2–O3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FBFBFCA2FBF8" box="[601,880,1145,1171]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">64.7</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FBFBFAC9FBF8" box="[1066,1307,1145,1171]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FB30FAC9FB9D" box="[200,1307,1202,1270]" gridrow="17" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FB30FEEDFB9D" box="[200,319,1202,1270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">O1–O3 O3–SO2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FB30FCA2FB9D" box="[601,880,1202,1270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">90.3 79.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FB30FAC9FB9D" box="[1066,1307,1202,1270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.1 0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFF34CDC93D2FA96FAC9FA44" box="[200,1307,1300,1327]" gridrow="18" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC93D2FA96FEEDFA44" box="[200,319,1300,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">O1–SO2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9143FA96FCA2FA44" box="[601,880,1300,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">65.6</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFF34CDC9730FA96FAC9FA44" box="[1066,1307,1300,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793F0FAF1FD72FAE5" blockId="36.[188,1398,1395,1492]" box="[234,672,1395,1422]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B30793F0FAF1FDCCFAE6" bold="true" box="[234,542,1395,1421]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Second instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF3B3079135FAF1FD4AFAE5" box="[559,664,1395,1422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793A7FA14FB08FAB8" blockId="36.[188,1398,1395,1492]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The body length is about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF3B30792FEFA14FD92FADA" box="[484,576,1430,1457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The main color is brown, the head and the scoli are black, the bases of the scoli are flesh-colored. The main lines of the body are expressed due to a darker color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793F0FA79FD43F97D" blockId="36.[188,1399,1531,1698]" box="[234,657,1531,1558]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B30793F0FA79FDDCF97E" bold="true" box="[234,526,1531,1557]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Third instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF3B3079105FA79FD5BF97D" box="[543,649,1531,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793A7F99CFAC3F9C9" blockId="36.[188,1399,1531,1698]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The body length is about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF3B30792F1F99CFDB4F952" box="[491,614,1566,1593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The main color is brown with flesh-colored specks. The head, the scoli and the tops of the legs are black. The black outgrowths of the linea dorsalis are located on a brown background and are present only on the abdominal segments. The bases of the scoli of the subdorsal stripe are bright yellow. The bases of the scoli of the dorsal and other stripes are flesh-colored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30793F0F94BFD5FF98F" blockId="36.[187,1399,1737,1975]" box="[234,653,1737,1764]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF3B30793F0F94BFDDFF988" bold="true" box="[234,525,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Forth instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF3B3079107F94BFD57F98F" box="[541,645,1737,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[189,1398,543,1874]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 25. I–IV instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. First instar caterpillar after hatching. B. First instar caterpillar before molting. C. Second instar caterpillar. D. Third instar caterpillar. E. Fourth instar caterpillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF3B30693A7F96EFDBAFE2C" blockId="36.[187,1399,1737,1975]" lastBlockId="37.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The body length is about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF3B30792C7F96EFD9CF86C" box="[477,590,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The head capsule is black. The body pattern is formed by a black main background with light orange or flesh-colored small specks. The scoli are light orange or flesh-colored. The segments of the thoracic part are characterized by the absence of yellow or flesh-colored scoli on the unpaired linea dorsalis. The paired linea subdorsalis is marked with flesh-colored scoli at their base. The linea epistigmalis paired stripe above the spiracles is black. Bright yellow scoli are located on each segment. The stigma pair (linea stigmata) is of the base color as well. The linea hypostigmalis is black with flesh-colored scoli located on each segment. Linea basalis and linea subbasalis are black with a flesh-colored scoli on each segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF2B30693F0FEEFFD55FEEC" blockId="37.[188,1398,365,463]" box="[234,647,365,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B30693F0FEEFFDD6FEEC" bold="true" box="[234,516,365,391]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fifth instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFF2B306910EFEECFDADFEEC" box="[532,639,365,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[417,1201,269,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-12@39.[378,1209,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 26. V–VI instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. Fifth instar caterpillar. B. Sixth instar caterpillar. C. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view. D. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF2B30B93A7FE13FD9BFB2F" blockId="37.[188,1398,365,463]" lastBlockId="40.[188,1400,854,1092]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The body length is
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFF2B3069280FE13FDC9FEC0" box="[410,539,401,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The head capsule is black. The body pattern is formed by bright yellow or flesh-colored scoli and a background color that varies from dark brown to black with pronounced fleshcolored specks. Unpaired linea dorsalis is marked with several bright yellow scoli with a dark (black or dark brown) base. However, there are no such outgrowths on the thoracic segments. The subdorsal (linea subdorsalis) and suprastigmal (linea epistigmalis) paired stripes located on the dorsal side and above the spiracles have a complete set of bright yellow scoli located on each segment of the body, with the exception of XII. Moreover, the scoli marking linea subdorsalis have a bright yellow base. The paired stigmata stripe (linea stigmata) has a background color. On each segment of the body (with the exception of the middle-thoracic, posterior-thoracic and last segments of the abdomen) in the middle of this stripe, under the base of the outgrowths, there are black spiracles bordered with yellow. The poststigmal line (linea hypostigmalis) is marked with a bright yellow scoli. Linea basalis and linea subbasalis (at the very bases of the legs) are located close to each other so that they practically form a single stripe with bright yellow scoli placed near each other. Poststigmal as well as basal and subbasal outgrowths are absent on the last segment of the body. The legs of the thoracic segments are black, the false legs are brown, with a flesh-colored border at the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF2B30693A7F827FC59F888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839905/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[189,232,1957,1983]" targetBox="[189,1398,527,1918]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF2B30693A7F827FC59F888" blockId="37.[189,1400,1957,2019]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B30693A7F827FECEF8D4" bold="true" box="[189,284,1957,1983]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24.</emphasis>
|
||
First instar caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF2B3069148F827FC96F8D4" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[594,836,1957,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B3069148F827FC96F8D4" box="[594,836,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF2B3069055F824FC7EF8AB" box="[847,940,1958,1984]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B30690AFF827FC1AF8D4" bold="true" box="[949,968,1957,1983]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, bottom view.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B30697D7F824FB0DF8AB" bold="true" box="[1229,1247,1958,1984]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, front view.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B3069219F84AFEEEF889" bold="true" box="[259,316,1992,2018]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF2B3069137F84BFDB3F888" bold="true" box="[557,609,1993,2019]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Caterpillar, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF1B30593A6F8F9FC65F8B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839907/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[188,231,1915,1941]" targetBox="[209,1392,555,1866]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF1B30593A6F8F9FC65F8B7" blockId="38.[188,1399,1915,2012]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B30593A6F8F9FEC8F8FE" bold="true" box="[188,282,1915,1941]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 25.</emphasis>
|
||
I–IV instar caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF1B3059157F8F9FCEDF8FE" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[589,831,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B3059157F8F9FCEDF8FE" box="[589,831,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF1B305905CF8FEFC72F8FD" box="[838,928,1916,1942]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(a = view from above; b = lateral view).
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B30593A6F81CFF03F8D3" bold="true" box="[188,209,1950,1976]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
. First instar caterpillar after hatching.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B30591B5F81DFD11F8D2" bold="true" box="[687,707,1951,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
|
||
. First instar caterpillar before molting.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B30597B1F81CFB12F8D3" bold="true" box="[1195,1216,1950,1976]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Second instar caterpillar.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B305925BF840FE84F8B7" bold="true" box="[321,342,1986,2012]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Third instar caterpillar.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF1B3059163F840FD5FF8B7" bold="true" box="[633,653,1986,2012]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Fourth instar caterpillar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFF0B30493A7F802FCFAF88A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" targetBox="[417,1201,269,1876]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFF0B30493A7F802FCFAF88A" blockId="39.[188,1399,1920,2017]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B30493A7F802FECBF8F1" bold="true" box="[189,281,1920,1946]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 26.</emphasis>
|
||
V–VI instar caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFF0B304914FF802FC94F8F1" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[597,838,1920,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B304914FF802FC94F8F1" box="[597,838,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFF0B3049051F803FC77F8F0" box="[843,933,1921,1947]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(a = view from above; b = lateral view).
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B30493A6F821FF03F8D6" bold="true" box="[188,209,1955,1981]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Fifth instar caterpillar.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B30492F6F826FDD2F8D5" bold="true" box="[492,512,1956,1982]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Sixth instar caterpillar.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B3049004F821FCE1F8D6" bold="true" box="[798,819,1955,1981]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFF0B30493A7F845FF00F88A" bold="true" box="[189,210,1991,2017]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFFFB30B93A7FE8BFAE4FE4F" box="[189,1334,265,292]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[189,259,265,291]" targetBox="[200,1328,357,778]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93A7FE8BFAE4FE4F" blockId="40.[189,1334,265,292]" box="[189,1334,265,292]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B93A7FE8BFEF2FE48" bold="true" box="[189,288,265,291]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Distance between the bristles on the head capsule of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFFB30B908EFE88FB79FE48" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[916,1195,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B908EFE88FB79FE48" box="[916,1195,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFFB30B97A8FE8BFAE4FE4F" box="[1202,1334,265,292]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93D2FEE7FB18FC62" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<table id="11EBB086FFFF4CDC93D2FEE7FAE2FC61" box="[200,1328,357,778]" colsContinueFrom="36.[200,1307,358,1327]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FEE7FAE2FEEB" box="[200,1328,357,384]" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FEE7FEFCFEEB" box="[200,302,357,384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B93D2FEE7FEF5FE14" bold="true" box="[200,295,357,383]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bristles</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFEE7FC65FEEB" box="[672,951,357,384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B91BAFEE7FC65FE14" bold="true" box="[672,951,357,384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Average distance (μm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FEE7FAE2FEEB" box="[1087,1328,357,384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B9725FEE7FAE2FE14" bold="true" box="[1087,1328,357,383]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Standard deviation</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FE15FAE2FED9" box="[200,1328,407,434]" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FE15FEFCFED9" box="[200,302,407,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L1–O1</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFE15FC65FED9" box="[672,951,407,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">112.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FE15FAE2FED9" box="[1087,1328,407,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FE4AFAE2FE88" box="[200,1328,456,483]" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FE4AFEFCFE88" box="[200,302,456,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L1–O2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFE4AFC65FE88" box="[672,951,456,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">63.0</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FE4AFAE2FE88" box="[1087,1328,456,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FE7BFAE2FD7F" box="[200,1328,505,532]" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FE7BFEFCFD7F" box="[200,302,505,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L1–O3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFE7BFC65FD7F" box="[672,951,505,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">126.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FE7BFAE2FD7F" box="[1087,1328,505,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FDA9FAE2FD2E" box="[200,1328,555,581]" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FDA9FEFCFD2E" box="[200,302,555,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">O1–O2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFDA9FC65FD2E" box="[672,951,555,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">72.4</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FDA9FAE2FD2E" box="[1087,1328,555,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FDD9FAE2FD1D" box="[200,1328,603,630]" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FDD9FEFCFD1D" box="[200,302,603,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">O2–O3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFDD9FC65FD1D" box="[672,951,603,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">62.6</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FDD9FAE2FD1D" box="[1087,1328,603,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FD0FFAE2FDCC" box="[200,1328,653,679]" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FD0FFEFCFDCC" box="[200,302,653,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">O1–O3</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFD0FFC65FDCC" box="[672,951,653,679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">96.7</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FD0FFAE2FDCC" box="[1087,1328,653,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FD3CFAE2FDB3" box="[200,1328,702,728]" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FD3CFEFCFDB3" box="[200,302,702,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">O3–SO2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFD3CFC65FDB3" box="[672,951,702,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">88.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FD3CFAE2FDB3" box="[1087,1328,702,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDDB4064FFFF4CDC93D2FD6DFAE2FC61" box="[200,1328,751,778]" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC93D2FD6DFEFCFC61" box="[200,302,751,778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">O1–SO2</th>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC91BAFD6DFC65FC61" box="[672,951,751,778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">65.4</td>
|
||
<td id="9E0A2918FFFF4CDC9725FD6DFAE2FC61" box="[1087,1328,751,778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93A7FBEEFCF9FB84" blockId="40.[189,1400,1131,1263]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">It should be noted that the color described above is characteristic of some of the caterpillars that have passed into the fifth instar. For some of the caterpillars of the fifth instar, the black color of the main background and the presence of black scoli are characteristic, with the exception of the paired linea subdorsalis, whose scoli are painted in bright yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93F0FA94FD78FA5B" blockId="40.[188,1401,1302,1927]" box="[234,682,1302,1328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFFB30B93F0FA94FDD4FA5B" bold="true" box="[234,518,1302,1328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sixth instar caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFFB30B910CFA94FD70FA5B" box="[534,674,1302,1328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[417,1201,269,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-12@39.[378,1209,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 26. V–VI instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. Fifth instar caterpillar. B. Sixth instar caterpillar. C. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view. D. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93A7FABBFE77F8EC" blockId="40.[188,1401,1302,1927]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The body length is
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFFB30B9285FAB8FDF3FA3F" box="[415,545,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The head capsule is black,
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFFB30B9072FAB8FC10FA3F" box="[872,962,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFFB30B9721FAB8FB60FA3F" box="[1083,1202,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.0">2–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFFB30B97E4FABBFABBFA38" box="[1278,1385,1337,1363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[417,1201,269,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-12@39.[378,1209,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 26. V–VI instar caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. (a = view from above; b = lateral view). A. Fifth instar caterpillar. B. Sixth instar caterpillar. C. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, front view. D. Sixth instar caterpillar, head capsule, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839909/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||
), covered with black hairs. The area of simple eyes is black. The eyes are approximately the same size, four of them are located closer to the epicranial suture, and two are closer to the occipital region. The forehead, the platypus, the frontal sclerites of the frontal sutures and the area of the epicranial suture are painted black. The body pattern (the 2
|
||
<superScript id="949EEF6EFFFFB30B91B2FA44FD6BFABF" attach="left" box="[680,697,1478,1492]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="949EEF6EFFFFB30B901BFA44FCDDFABF" attach="left" box="[769,783,1478,1492]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">rd</superScript>
|
||
thoracic and all abdominal segments) is formed due to bright yellow scoli and the background black color. The unpaired linea dorsalis bears black scoli, there are no such outgrowths on the thoracic segments. The paired linea subdorsalis is marked with bright yellow scoli with a bright yellow base. The paired linea epistigmalis located above the spiracles has a complete set of black scoli located on each segment of the body, with the exception of XII. On the last segment, only the black dorsal and bright yellow subdorsal outgrowths are well developed. The paired linea stigmata has a background color. On each segment of the body (except for the middlethoracic, posterior-thoracic and last segments of the abdomen), black spiracles are located in the middle of this stripe under the base of the outgrowths. The linea hypostigmalis is formed by black scoli. The linea basalis and subbasalis (at the very bases of the legs) are located close to each other so that they practically form a single stripe with black scoli placed near each other. Poststigmal, as well as basal and subbasal outgrowths are absent on the last segment of the body. The false legs and legs of the thoracic segments are black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFFB30B93A7F82CFAE9F8A3" blockId="40.[189,1339,1966,1993]" box="[189,1339,1966,1993]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">The described pattern refers to the caterpillars of the sixth instar, passing into the estivation mode.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFFEB30E93A7FE8BFE1AFB4F" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFEB30A93A7FE8BFE1AFE48" blockId="41.[189,456,265,291]" box="[189,456,265,291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A93A7FE8BFEF2FE48" bold="true" box="[189,288,265,291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A922BFE8BFE6DFE48" box="[305,447,265,291]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionStartId-1="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox-0="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId-0="42" captionTargetPageId-1="43" captionText-0="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." captionText-1="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 27–28</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFEB30A93A7FEB5FEFEFD69" blockId="41.[187,1398,311,514]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Observations in nature on the behavior and biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9061FEBAFBE2FE3A" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[891,1072,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9061FEBAFBE2FE3A" box="[891,1072,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFEB30A9721FEBAFB4FFE39" box="[1083,1181,312,338]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were carried out in
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFEB30A93C5FED9FE8CFE1E" box="[223,350,347,373]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2018-05">May 2018</date>
|
||
and 2019 and in the first half of
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFEB30A901DFED9FC50FE1E" box="[775,898,347,373]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-07">
|
||
July
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A905FFED9FC50FE1E" box="[837,898,347,373]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the vicinity of the village of Gerdab on the southern macroslope of the Shahvar Mountain on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFEB30A90A5FEFCFBDDFEF3" box="[959,1039,382,408]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Elburs</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="06DF24E1FFFEB30A976CFEFEFB38FEF3" box="[1142,1258,380,408]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="36.516666">36°31′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="06DF24E1FFFEB30A97E0FEFEFABAFEF3" box="[1274,1384,380,408]" degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="54.716667">54°43′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Observations on the development of eggs and caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9080FE20FB98FED0" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[922,1098,417,443]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9080FE20FB98FED0" box="[922,1098,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFEB30A9748FE20FB7DFED7" box="[1106,1199,418,444]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were performed from
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFEB30A921BFE47FDE3FEB5" box="[257,561,452,479]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2018-05" valueMax="2018-09-31" valueMin="2018-05-00">May to September 2018</date>
|
||
and from
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFEB30A91A3FE47FCEAFEB5" box="[697,824,452,479]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-05">May 2019</date>
|
||
to
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFEB30A9079FE46FC3EFEB5" box="[867,1004,452,478]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2020-04">April 2020</date>
|
||
under laboratory conditions in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFEB30A93A7FE6AFEFAFD69" box="[189,296,488,514]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moscow</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFEB30A93A7FDABFE86FB5B" blockId="41.[188,1400,553,1072]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Within the surveyed territory (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A912DFDABFD78FD28" box="[567,682,553,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A91DBFDA8FCA1FD28" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[705,883,553,579]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A91DBFDA8FCA1FD28" box="[705,883,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFEB30A9061FDABFC08FD28" box="[891,986,553,579]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
forms small but very dense local populations, strictly tied to the places of growth of the host plant. We found two populations at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A928FFDEDFD90FDE1" box="[405,578,623,650]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2175.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
and one at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A908FFDEDFC27FDE1" box="[917,1013,623,650]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, separated by
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A93A7FD11FECBFDC7" box="[189,281,658,685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 km</quantity>
|
||
from each other. The flight of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A918CFD11FC95FDC7" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[662,839,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A918CFD11FC95FDC7" box="[662,839,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
imago at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A9777FD10FAC4FDC6" box="[1133,1302,658,685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2175.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
begins, depending on weather conditions, at the beginning of the first or second decade of May and continues throughout the month.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9143FD5BFC8AFD98" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,856,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9143FD5BFC8AFD98" box="[601,856,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the earliest species of fritillaries and one of the earliest, in terms of departure, species of butterflies on Shahvar Mt. At an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A9606FD7EFAA4FC7C" box="[1308,1398,764,791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
the flight starts 2 weeks later than at an altitude
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A903AFC9DFC1CFC51" box="[800,974,799,826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2175.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
. The males fly out first, 5–7 days earlier than the females. Butterflies fly in the morning in sunny weather. Males patrol the bottoms of inter-ridge valleys in search of females. The butterfly rises to the top of the valley, passes over the ridge and descends across the neighboring valley, repeating the cycles of ascents and descents many times. At the most intensive flight period, up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFEB30A904BFC2EFC6CFCAD" box="[849,958,940,966]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">30 males</specimenCount>
|
||
flying in one direction are recorded in one place per hour. Fresh-born unfertilized females stay in the bottoms of valleys, sit on plants or make short flights. Fertilized females climb the slopes of the ridges to the places where the host plants grow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFEB30A93A7FBD5FB99F9AC" blockId="41.[188,1399,1111,1736]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9288FBDAFD91FB1A" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[402,579,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9288FBDAFD91FB1A" box="[402,579,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFEB30A9151FBDAFD7BFB19" box="[587,681,1112,1138]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A91D1FBD5FB35FB1A" authority="(Bunge) Salmaki" authorityName="Salmaki" baseAuthorityName="Bunge" box="[715,1255,1111,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A91D1FBD5FBC2FB1A" box="[715,1040,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Phlomoides molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Bunge) Salmaki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A97EDFBD5FABAFB1A" box="[1271,1384,1111,1137]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A93A6FBF8FDD4FBFF" box="[188,518,1146,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A93A6FBF8FDD4FBFF" box="[188,518,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Phlomoides molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is occasionally found in dense beds consisting of several plants on crushed stone dumps along the banks of dry riverbeds at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A9751FB1CFB78FBD3" box="[1099,1194,1182,1208]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level in a wide intermountain valley at the foot of the Shahvar mountain. But neither the imago nor the caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A92BEFB67FD8AFB95" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[420,600,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A92BEFB67FD8AFB95" box="[420,600,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found at this station. At an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A9760FB66FAF6FB94" box="[1146,1316,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.325" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2325.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2500 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9226FA85FDC8FA4A" box="[316,538,1287,1313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9226FA85FDC8FA4A" box="[316,538,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs outlying spurs of the southern macroslope of Mount Shahvar on the upper third of the slopes of the western, northwestern and northern exposure, as well as on the tops of the ridges. It should be noted that the form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A90CBFACFFB60FA0C" box="[977,1202,1357,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A90CBFACFFB60FA0C" box="[977,1202,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in the described conditions is characterized by its miniature size. The height of the peduncle is usually only
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A921AFA16FEBDFAC4" box="[256,367,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
, and even in the largest specimens does not exceed
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A971DFA16FB8BFAC4" box="[1031,1113,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The growth station of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A93A7FA35FE4BFABA" box="[189,409,1463,1489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A93A7FA35FE4BFABA" box="[189,409,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFEB30A917FFA35FCDEFAB9" box="[613,780,1463,1490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.325" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2325.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2500 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level consists of steep rubble-clay scree and clay-rubble areas occupied by sparse friganoid communities of acantholimons (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A97D0FA58FF21F973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" genus="Acantholimon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A97D0FA58FAA5FA9F" box="[1226,1399,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Acantholimon</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), esparcetes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A92B8FA7FFDA1F973" box="[418,627,1533,1560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Onobrychis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A92B8FA7FFDE3F97C" box="[418,561,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), astragalus (
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9005FA7FFC77F97C" box="[799,933,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Astragalus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.) and cushion-shaped sagebrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A93DDF9A3FEA9F950" box="[199,379,1569,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A93DDF9A3FEEDF950" box="[199,319,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Artemisia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with the latter dominating (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A91C5F9A3FC83F950" box="[735,849,1569,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A907DF9A3FB7EF950" box="[871,1196,1569,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A907DF9A3FB7EF950" box="[871,1196,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Phlomoides molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in single plants or in small groups of 2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFEB30A9152F9C6FD32F935" box="[584,736,1604,1630]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
almost across the specified territory, but sometimes forms very sparse (the distance between individual plants is from several to one and a half dozen meters) associations consisting of dozens to hundreds of plants and occupying a significant area. It is in such places that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A92FEF92CFD44F9AC" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[484,662,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A92FEF92CFD44F9AC" box="[484,662,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lays eggs and caterpillars develop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFEB30E93A7F96DFDF0FE2D" blockId="41.[188,1399,1775,2013]" lastBlockId="45.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The fertilized female, sitting on the edge of the leaf of the host plant, feels the soil under the leaf rosette with the ovipositor for several minutes, choosing the optimal characteristics of the substrate for laying (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A9256F8B7FE10F83B" box="[332,450,1845,1872]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@42.[214,1374,266,1877]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 27.Biotope, host plant, and adult of Melitaea shahvaricasp. nov. in nature. A. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge. B. Biotope with Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host plant Ph. molucelloides. D. Female on Ph. molucelloides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fourteen fresh clutches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A902BF8B4FC34F824" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[817,998,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A902BF8B4FC34F824" box="[817,998,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFEB30A90EBF8B4FB80F83B" box="[1009,1106,1846,1872]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were found during the observation of egg-laying females and the examination of 38 plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFEB30A9739F8DBFAD2F818" box="[1059,1280,1881,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFEB30A9739F8DBFAD2F818" box="[1059,1280,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The size of clutches ranged from 24 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFEB30A9135F8FEFD73F8FD" box="[559,673,1916,1942]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="egg">146 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
. The clutches were placed directly on the ground or rubble under the leaves of the basal rosette (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFEB30A918AF81DFCFBF8D2" box="[656,809,1951,1977]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). All the clutches were found under host plants that had not yet begun to develop a peduncle. A total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFEB30A9061F840FC08F8B6" box="[891,986,1986,2013]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="egg">79 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected in nature in order to further monitor the development of the preimaginal stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F90F6FE88FB4DFE48" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1004,1183,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F90F6FE88FB4DFE48" box="[1004,1183,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under laboratory conditions. The female, placed in a small plastic cage with a host plant, laid
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFBB30F9786FEAEFADFFE2C" box="[1180,1293,300,327]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="egg">162 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
in three batches, with an interval of 1–2 days. Freshly laid eggs are light yellow greenish in color, less than
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFBB30F93E0FEF1FEECFEE6" box="[250,318,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The hatching of the first caterpillars from the eggs begins after 3 days, and the mass release occurs on 7–9 days after egg laying. Of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="75ED89AFFFFBB30F90A8FE14FBF3FEDB" box="[946,1057,406,432]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="egg">241 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(79 collected in nature and 162 obtained from the female in the laboratory) available to us, 233 caterpillars were born (96.7% yield). The day before the release, the part of the egg, where the head capsule of the caterpillar is located, darkens. Fresh-born caterpillars are about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFBB30F9045FD82FC74FD71" box="[863,934,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, light yellow-greenish in color, covered with long light hairs. The head capsule is dark brown. Immediately after emerging, the caterpillars partially eat the chorion and fall into a stupor for several hours. After coming out of the stupor, they gather in groups on the upper side of the leaf of the host plant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFBB30F97EFFDEBFABBFDE8" box="[1269,1385,617,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
|
||
). First, they scrape the surface, then gnaw through the leaf, leaving the veins intact. After 2–4 days after leaving the eggs, the caterpillars molt and pass into the second instar. Immediately after molting, the head capsule is pale green, after a few hours it turns black. The surface of the body of caterpillars of the second instar darkens, but instead of hairs, outgrowths of a light green color appear with a bunch of spines on top. The caterpillars actively feed and keep together in communities. In the second instar, the caterpillars spend 3–4 days and molt into the third instar. Caterpillars of the third instar are about
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFBB30F91A5FCE2FD2EFC11" box="[703,764,864,890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, black, the head capsule is black. Dorsal and lateral outgrowths on the body are light yellow with a bunch of black spines on the top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFBB30F97E0FC00FAB9FCF6" box="[1274,1387,898,925]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The III instar lasts 5–7 days. The caterpillars of the IV instar do not differ in color from the caterpillars of the III instar. After passing into the IV instar, the caterpillars leave the groups and move on to an individual lifestyle. After another 5–7 days, the caterpillars pass into the V instar. In the vast majority of V instar caterpillars, the color of the lateral outgrowths changes from yellow to black, they stop feeding, seek shelter and fall into a stupor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFBB30F90C5FBB0FB82FB26" box="[991,1104,1074,1101]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[189,1398,266,1761]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
|
||
). A total of 17 V instar caterpillars did not change color and continued to feed. The cessation of feeding and the change in color occurred in these caterpillars a week after the transition to the VI instar. Changes in the behavior and appearance of the caterpillars clearly indicate a state of diapause. The transition to the diapause of caterpillars of III–V instars for many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F90F1FB3DFB8AFBB2" box="[1003,1112,1215,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F90F1FB3DFB8AFBB2" box="[1003,1112,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Melitaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an obligate stage of the development cycle (Walberg
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F914CFB61FD5FFB97" box="[598,653,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001). Of the 233 caterpillars, 210 (90.1%) survived to the diapause stage. The larvae died mainly from the last batch of eggs laid by the female in the cage. The caterpillars from this group were smaller in size and somewhat slower in development. The main cause of death was a violation of the molting process, caused, apparently, by birth defects of development. The caterpillars collected in nature at the beginning of July and fed further in the laboratory also passed to diapause at V instar. Of the 23 caterpillars of instars III–IV collected in nature, 21 (91.3%) survived to diapause. Thus, the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F9752FA35FB2CFABB" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1096,1278,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F9752FA35FB2CFABB" box="[1096,1278,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the moment of egg laying to the departure of the caterpillars into diapause lasts, on average, about a month. In nature, in the conditions of the Shahvar Mountain, the vegetation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F9783FA7EFAAAF97D" box="[1177,1400,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F9783FA7EFAAAF97D" box="[1177,1400,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFBB30F9291F99DFDE7F951" box="[395,565,1567,1594]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2175.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2150.0">2150–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
ends in mid-June. The vegetative and generative parts of the plant completely dry out and the caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F91D3F9C1FCAEF937" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[713,892,1602,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F91D3F9C1FCAEF937" box="[713,892,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not observed on them. At an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="A413EFC3FFFBB30F93FAF9E4FEEDF9EB" box="[224,319,1638,1665]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
, the vegetation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F913CF9E4FCD1F9EB" box="[550,771,1638,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F913CF9E4FCD1F9EB" box="[550,771,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continues until the first decade of July, and at this time, we still found caterpillars of III–IV instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F9051F908FC2DF9C8" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[843,1023,1673,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F9051F908FC2DF9C8" box="[843,1023,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the host plants. According to observations in nature, the caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F901CF92FFC6FF9AD" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[774,957,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F901CF92FFC6FF9AD" box="[774,957,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actively feed in the morning and before sunset, the rest of the day they are sedentary, sitting on the underside of the leaf or on the soil under the leaves of the host plant. It should be noted that almost all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F978CF970FAA5F867" box="[1174,1399,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F978CF970FAA5F867" box="[1174,1399,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants have completely sclerotized leaves by the end of the growing season. This indicates a mass feeding of caterpillars and a high density of local populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F90C1F8B8FB5EF838" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[987,1164,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F90C1F8B8FB5EF838" box="[987,1164,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F93A7F8DFFEBDF81D" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,367,1884,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F93A7F8DFFEBDF81D" box="[189,367,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are strict oligophages. Under laboratory conditions, we used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F9769F8DEFEF3F8F2" authority="Moench" authorityName="Moench" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F9769F8DEFAAAF81D" box="[1139,1400,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phlomoides tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
Moench
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host plant, which is systematically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F90BAF8FDFB50F8F2" box="[928,1154,1919,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F90BAF8FDFB50F8F2" box="[928,1154,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and grows wild in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1BFC02B6FFFBB30F9203F820FEBDF8D7" box="[281,367,1954,1980]" name="Russia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F9179F821FCC6F8D7" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[611,788,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F9179F821FCC6F8D7" box="[611,788,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rejected the proposed fresh leaves of other plants known as host for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F912BF844FC16F88B" authority="(Kolesnichenko 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Kolesnichenko" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[561,964,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F912BF844FD4CF88B" box="[561,670,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Melitaea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFFBB30F91A8F844FC69F88B" author="Kolesnichenko K. A." box="[690,955,1990,2016]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref30104" refString="Kolesnichenko K. A. 2006. Fritillary Butterflies of the Genus Melitaea Fabricius (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) of Russia and neighboring Countries (Taxonomy, Ecology and eographical Distribution). PhD thesis, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Russia. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2006">Kolesnichenko 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as plantain (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFBB30F97AFF844FAB5F88B" box="[1205,1383,1990,2016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFBB30F97AFF844FAF4F88B" box="[1205,1318,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plantago</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), veronica (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9227FE88FDE3FE48" box="[317,561,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9227FE88FDE3FE48" box="[317,561,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Veronica officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), wormwood (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E900EFE8BFC1FFE48" box="[788,973,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E900EFE8BFC5EFE48" box="[788,908,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Artemisia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E97E8FE8BFAA4FE48" box="[1266,1398,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E93DDFEAFFEB4FE2D" box="[199,358,301,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lamium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E93DDFEAFFEF9FE2D" box="[199,299,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lamium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E926DFEAEFDDDFE2D" box="[375,527,300,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Mentha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E926DFEAEFE06FE2D" box="[375,468,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mentha</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFFDB30993A7F8F9FDEEF8B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839911/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[189,232,1915,1941]" targetBox="[214,1374,266,1877]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFDB30993A7F8F9FDEEF8B7" blockId="42.[187,1399,1915,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB30993A7F8F9FECAF8FE" bold="true" box="[189,280,1915,1941]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 27.</emphasis>
|
||
Biotope, host plant, and adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFDB3099195F8F9FC53F8FE" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[655,897,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB3099195F8F9FC53F8FE" box="[655,897,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFDB309909EF8FEFC0FF8FD" box="[900,989,1916,1942]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in nature.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB3099749F8F9FBBAF8FE" bold="true" box="[1107,1128,1915,1941]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Shahvar Mt., E Elburs Ridge.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB3099209F81DFEF5F8D2" bold="true" box="[275,295,1951,1977]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Biotope with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFDB30992C1F81CFB9DF8D2" authority="(Bunge) Salmaki. C. Host" baseAuthorityName="Bunge" box="[475,1103,1950,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB30992C1F81CFCC0F8D3" box="[475,786,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phlomoides molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Bunge) Salmaki.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB30990E8F81CFBD5F8D3" bold="true" box="[1010,1031,1950,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Host
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFDB3099787F81CFABDF8D3" box="[1181,1391,1950,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB3099787F81CFABDF8D3" box="[1181,1391,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB30993A7F840FF00F8B7" bold="true" box="[189,210,1986,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Female on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFDB3099279F840FDE7F8B7" box="[355,565,1986,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFDB3099279F840FDE7F8B7" box="[355,565,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ph. molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="379412AEFFFCB30893A7F894FCF8F8D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839913/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[189,232,1814,1840]" targetBox="[189,1398,266,1761]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFCB30893A7F894FCF8F8D5" blockId="43.[189,1398,1814,1982]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB30893A7F894FECAF85B" bold="true" box="[189,280,1814,1840]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs and caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFCB3089131F894FCC8F85B" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[555,794,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB3089131F894FCC8F85B" box="[555,794,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Melitaea shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFCB3089004F895FCABF85A" box="[798,889,1815,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in nature and in the laboratory.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB30897C2F894FAC2F85B" bold="true" box="[1240,1296,1814,1840]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB3089784F8BBFB05F838" bold="true" box="[1182,1239,1849,1875]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFCB30891B6F8DFFB62F81C" authority="(Bunge) Salmaki" authorityName="Salmaki" baseAuthorityName="Bunge" box="[684,1200,1885,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molucelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB30891B6F8DFFC33F81C" box="[684,993,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phlomoides molucelloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Bunge) Salmaki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB30892E5F802FDC1F8F1" bold="true" box="[511,531,1920,1946]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E</emphasis>
|
||
. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFCB30897F3F802FB29F8F1" bold="true" box="[1257,1275,1920,1946]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">F</emphasis>
|
||
. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFAB30E93A7FEECFE1AFB4F" blockId="45.[188,1400,366,1060]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
We assumed that the caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9175FEECFCF3FEE3" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[623,801,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9175FEECFCF3FEE3" box="[623,801,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFAB30E9033FEECFC5EFEE3" box="[809,908,366,392]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, like that of most other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E920AFE13FEAFFEC0" baseAuthorityName="Kolesnichenko" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[272,381,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E920AFE13FEAFFEC0" box="[272,381,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Melitaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, goes through seven instars in its development and must continue feeding after diapause and go through 1–2 more instars before pupation. Given the weather conditions on the Shahvar mountain, the output of the caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E904EFE5AFBDBFE9A" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[852,1033,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E904EFE5AFBDBFE9A" box="[852,1033,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from diapause should occur no earlier than the end of April. Unfortunately, we were not able to determine the factor that interrupts the diapause of the caterpillars and complete the development cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E97DFFD9CFAA4FD53" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1221,1398,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E97DFFD9CFAA4FD53" box="[1221,1398,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the laboratory. The caterpillars taken out of the refrigerator in March, April, and May did not respond to changes in light conditions, temperature, and humidity, to mechanical stimulation, or to the fresh host plant leaves. They did not show motor activity and soon died. Certain questions are also raised by the contradiction between observations of the development cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E97DFFD29FAA4FDAF" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1221,1398,682,708]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E97DFFD29FAA4FDAF" box="[1221,1398,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in nature and in the laboratory. In nature, the emergence of the imago occurs in early May almost simultaneously with the beginning of the vegetation of the host plant. Obviously, in this case, the butterflies are born from overwintered pupae. Otherwise, the need for further nutrition for the caterpillar that has emerged from the diapause, two more instars and pupation would have shifted the appearance of the imago 2–3 weeks later, to the second half of May. In addition, we did not find in the first half of May any overwintered caterpillars or signs of their vital activity (leaf gnawing, droppings) despite a thorough examination of many host plants. The final answer to the question about the duration and stage of diapause in the development cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E97DEFC47FAA5FCB5" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1220,1399,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E97DEFC47FAA5FCB5" box="[1220,1399,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be given by further observations of the development of preimaginal stages both in nature and in the laboratory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2BF111ADFFFAB30E93A7FBCEFAA5F8D2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFAB30E93A7FBCEFE01FB0D" blockId="45.[189,467,1100,1126]" box="[189,467,1100,1126]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E93A7FBCEFE8CFB0D" bold="true" box="[189,350,1100,1126]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBD05EA3FFFAB30E926AFBCEFE18FB0D" box="[368,458,1100,1126]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,910,936]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,267,872]" captionTargetId="figure-261@23.[189,1398,267,872]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution of Melitaea timandra timandra Coutsis & van Oorschot, 2014, M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. and M. shahvarica sp. nov. For a description of the points by letters, see Fig. 30. = Melitaea timandra timandra; = Melitaea timandra binaludica subsp. nov.; = Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov.;? = unconfirmed finds of Melitaea timandra; = Melitaea timandra with uncertain subspecies status." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6839881/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFAB30E93A7FBF9FD99FBFE" blockId="45.[189,587,1146,1173]" box="[189,587,1146,1173]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1BFC02B6FFFAB30E93A7FBF9FF20FBFE" box="[189,242,1147,1173]" name="Iran" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFAB30E93E5FBF8FE9DFBFF" box="[255,335,1146,1172]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Elburs</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge, Shahvar Mt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63544226FFFAB30E93A7FB3EFAA5F8D2" blockId="45.[188,1401,1212,1978]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Of undoubted interest are the data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFFAB30E916AFB3EFC4DFBBD" author="Tshikolovets V. & Naderi A. & Eckweiler W." box="[624,927,1212,1238]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref30958" refString="Tshikolovets V., Naderi A. & Eckweiler W. 2014. The Butterflies of Iran and Iraq. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Tshikolovets
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9002FB3FFC84FBBD" box="[792,854,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFFAB30E90B6FB3EFAC9FBBD" author="Van Oorschot H. & Coutsis J. G." box="[940,1307,1212,1238]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref31081" refString="Van Oorschot H. & Coutsis J. G. 2014. The Genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae). Taxonomy and Systematics with Special Reference to the Male Genitalia. Tshikolovets publication, Pardubice." type="book" year="2014">van Oorschot & Coutsis 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on the findings of butterflies from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9155FB5DFD5FFB92" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1932" box="[591,653,1247,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutko">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9155FB5DFD5FFB92" box="[591,653,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">lutko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E91EAFB62FC01FB92" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1940" box="[752,979,1247,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lutko" subSpecies="mimetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E91EAFB62FC01FB92" box="[752,979,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. lutko mimetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the authors’ understanding) to the west and north of the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E919EFA81FCEAFA77" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[644,824,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E919EFA81FCEAFA77" box="[644,824,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFAB30E905AFA81FC72FA76" box="[832,928,1283,1309]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
– on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFAB30E9700FA80FBB8FA77" box="[1050,1130,1282,1308]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Elburs</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge in the vicinity of Demavend Mt. (label:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFAB30E92E1FAA7FD81FA54" box="[507,595,1317,1343]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tehran</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFAB30E917BFAA7FD64FA54" box="[609,694,1317,1343]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Elburz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Demavend, Ask, Lucien leg.) and on the Palyzan Ridge in the northwestern tip of the Turkmen-Khorosan Mountains (label:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A12F8CC4FFFAB30E9710FACBFBA9FA08" box="[1034,1147,1353,1379]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Golestan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, E Maraveh Tappeh, N Ghazan Ghayeh, Palizan Mts). In the first case, it is about a single male, caught on
|
||
<date id="175564E6FFFAB30E9601FAEEFF2FFAC2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1967-06-28">28 Jun. 1967</date>
|
||
, which, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A3FD7FFFAB30E9119FA12FC57FAC2" author="Van Oorschot H. & Coutsis J. G." box="[515,901,1423,1450]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref31081" refString="Van Oorschot H. & Coutsis J. G. 2014. The Genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae). Taxonomy and Systematics with Special Reference to the Male Genitalia. Tshikolovets publication, Pardubice." type="book" year="2014">van Oorschot & Coutsis (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is characterized by a “transitional”
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFFAB30E9658FA12FAA4FAC1" box="[1346,1398,1424,1450]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of the genitalia. However, the same authors expressed doubts about the correct labeling of this specimen on the grounds that for almost 50 years of active collecting of butterflies in the vicinity of Demavend Mt. there are no finds confirming the presence of representatives of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9617FA7BFAA5F978" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1932" box="[1293,1399,1529,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutko">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9617FA7BFAF7F979" box="[1293,1317,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9623FA7BFAA5F978" box="[1337,1399,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">lutko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in this area. The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E919CF99FFCF1F95D" baseAuthorityName="van Oorschot & Coutsis" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[646,803,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E919CF99FFCF1F95D" box="[646,803,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. timandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the Palyzan Ridge, in our opinion, is more realistic, despite the cardinal differences in the natural and climatic conditions of this area. It is not possible to say anything with certainty about the systematic status of these specimens since the authors of both these publications do not provide images of imago or genitalia. However, based on the characteristics of the habitat and the set of species of potential host plants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E97BAF92BFD42F98D" authority="(Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm." authorityName="Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm." baseAuthorityName="Popov" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="labiosiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E97BAF92BFAA4F9A8" box="[1184,1398,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ph. labiosiformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9186F94EFAECF98D" authority="(Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm." authorityName="Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm." baseAuthorityName="Regel" box="[668,1342,1740,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9186F94EFCB5F98D" box="[668,871,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ph. boissieriana</emphasis>
|
||
(Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), we believe that systematically the butterflies from Meraveh Tappeh should most likely be closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E93A7F891FE3BF847" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,489,1810,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E93A7F891FE3BF847" box="[189,489,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFAB30E92EEF890FD53F846" box="[500,641,1810,1837]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
despite the apparent proximity of the Palyzan Ridge to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BC50FC84FFFAB30E93A7F8B4FF20F83B" box="[189,242,1846,1872]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9299F8B4FDE4F824" authority="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[387,566,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9299F8B4FDE4F824" box="[387,566,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAC234FFFFAB30E9124F8B4FD4FF83B" box="[574,669,1846,1872]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Our assumption is supported by the absence of significant barriers for the spread of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E911EF8DBFCFEF818" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[516,812,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="timandra" subSpecies="binaludica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E911EF8DBFCFEF818" box="[516,812,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. timandra binaludica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the west, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EB39A5FFFAB30E9739F8DBFB07F818" authorityName="Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay" authorityYear="2022" box="[1059,1237,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shahvarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="519F9E34FFFAB30E9739F8DBFB07F818" box="[1059,1237,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M. shahvarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lives on the slopes of Shahvar Mt, is separated from the northwestern part of the Turkmen-Khorosan Mountains by a high ridge, the northern slopes of which are covered with very moist dense forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |