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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762456" ID-ZooBank="057285E1-92C9-4D76-921A-CE3C85D0D3B1" checkinTime="1679558471249" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Neethling, J. A. &amp; Neethling, C." docDate="2023" docId="EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.6.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum Neethling &amp; Neethling 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="533" masterDocId="17092729B518F677FF89FF81FFD1FF85" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of the South African Gymnobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="543" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1679591149964" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A systematic revision of the South African Gymnobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neethling, J. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1702-9566</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Terrestrial Invertebrates Department, National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. ja. neethling @ nasmus. co. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1702 - 9566</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ja.neethling@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neethling, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0009-0003-6492-4798</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Research Quality and Support, Clinglobal Limited, P. O. Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa. carmen. neethling @ clinglobal. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0003 - 6492 - 4798</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">carmen.neethling@clinglobal.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>501</mods:start>
<mods:end>543</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7762456</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">057285E1-92C9-4D76-921A-CE3C85D0D3B1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<subSubSection box="[151,654,618,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,654,618,681]" box="[151,654,618,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,654,618,645]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,654,618,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,553,618,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,553,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[560,654,619,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,277,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,654,618,681]" box="[151,277,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<figureCitation box="[151,277,655,681]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="29.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,924,1544]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId-0="figure-73@29.[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure-381@30.[151,1436,921,1544]" captionTargetId-2="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762524" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762528" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7762524/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7762528/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Figs 2123</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-10-11" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="Leaf &amp; J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" elevation="1088" latitude="-32.683334" location="Afromontane forest" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="NMBAP 00343" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,727,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<typeStatus box="[151,264,727,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[280,301,727,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="female"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry box="[318,526,727,753]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[540,694,727,753]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty box="[708,866,727,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fort Beaufort</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[880,1218,727,753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1233,1324,728,755]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="925" value="-32.683334">32°41S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1339,1431,728,755]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="925" value="26.5">26°30E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation box="[151,290,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0879999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="1088.0">
<quantity box="[151,229,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0879999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="1088.0">1088m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB504F66BFEA4FD7AFDDDFC90" box="[301,524,763,789]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" latitude="-32.683334" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[535,586,763,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Leaf</collectorName>
litter sifting, leg.
<collectorName box="[787,952,763,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
,
<date box="[963,1080,762,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="2015-10-11">
<collectingDate box="[963,1080,762,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="2015-10-11">11.X.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[1095,1277,763,789]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">NMBAP 00343</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" box="[199,893,799,827]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<materialsCitation box="[199,889,799,827]" collectingDate="2015-10-11" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="Leaf &amp; J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" elevation="1088" latitude="-32.683334" location="Afromontane forest" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="NMBAP 00344" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,799,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<typeStatus box="[199,323,799,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[335,372,799,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 2♂, Same data as holotype (
<specimenCode box="[699,881,799,825]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">NMBAP 00344</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,335,835,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is a compound of the ancient Greek word
<emphasis box="[1018,1125,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">prionotós</emphasis>
, meaning jagged or serrate, and
<emphasis box="[198,312,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">gladiatum</emphasis>
, derived from the Latin word
<emphasis box="[648,730,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">gladius</emphasis>
meaning sword. The name refers to the multi-toothed structure found at the tip of the fixed chelal finger, which in this species contains a row of six small and highly sclerotized teeth, thus giving it the appearance of a serrated blade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,978,1004]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Moderately sized species (chela length
<specimenCount box="[793,814,979,1005]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity box="[825,994,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.585" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="1.585" valueMax="1.61" valueMin="1.56">1.561.61 mm</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1091,978,1007]" degrees="1.52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="555" value="-1.52">
<quantity box="[1042,1091,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="1.54" valueMax="1.56" valueMin="1.52">1.52</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
1.56 mm), with chelae more bulbous in females than in males (chela ratio
<specimenCount box="[652,673,1015,1041]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="female"></specimenCount>
3.283.32 versus
<geoCoordinate box="[875,951,1015,1043]" degrees="3.80" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="555" value="-3.8">♂ 3.80</geoCoordinate>
3.90 times longer than broad); fixed finger multi-toothed structure with eight strongly sclerotized teeth; cheliceral hand with five setae; galea with six to seven rami; rallum with eight to nine blades, sub-distal blade sometimes with an apical split. Differs from all congeners, except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1947" box="[230,568,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octoflagellatum">
<emphasis box="[230,568,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Gymnobisium octoflagellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by having eight teeth on the fixed finger multi-toothed structure; differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,361,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octoflagellatum">
<emphasis box="[151,361,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">G. octoflagellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having seven rami, while the latter has a minimum of eight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" box="[199,337,1194,1220]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1194,1220]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis box="[199,319,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Carapace:</emphasis>
Somewhat broader than long in both sexes, subquadrate, overall smooth and without furrow. Brown in females, darker in males. Two pairs of eyes located dorso-laterally at the front. Small seta located on the dorsoanterior margin of each of the posterior eyes. Carapace of both sexes with 20 setae, arranged 4: 4: 4: 2: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,727,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis box="[199,314,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergites and sternites smooth, undivided and uniseriate, brown in females and darker in males (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-73@29.[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 21. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762524/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 21A, C</figureCitation>
). In both sexes the lateral and posterior edges of tergites IXI are distinctly lighter in colour, tergite XII uniformly brown. The tergal setae are located on the posterior edge of each tergite, within the lighter coloured band. Sternites III tan in females, with sternites IIIXI light brown, becoming slightly darker towards the posterior edge of the abdomen. Male sternites III tan; IIIIX light brown; XII dark brown (
<figureCitation box="[1043,1183,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-73@29.[151,1436,309,1956]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 21. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov., Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Dorsal view; B, D. Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762524/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 21B, D</figureCitation>
). Sternites I and II are fused and hardly distinguishable. Female operculum with nine setae, loosely grouped in the centre along the fuse line of sternites I and II. Males with 16 setae at the operculum cluster, five located along the posterior margin of sternite II at the genital opening, 11 additional setae located anteriorly next to these, loosely grouped in the centre of sternite II. Male sternite III with nine setae located on the anterior margin of the sternite, at the genital opening. Pleural membrane cream to light yellow in colour, faintly papillate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1426,1735,1797]" box="[151,1348,1735,1761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Tergal chaetotaxy: 6(6): 10(8): 9(8): 11(9): 12(10): 12(11): 12(11): 12(10): 11(9): 9(9): 12(11): 2(2).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1426,1735,1797]" box="[151,1426,1770,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Sternal chaetotaxy: 9(16):?(?): 24(18): 18(16): 15(17): 13(15): 13(14): 14(15): 14(11): 11(9): 12(11): 2(2).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,1843,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis box="[199,300,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Pedipalp</emphasis>
: All segments smooth and bright orange-brown in colour in both sexes. Trochanter cone-shaped and rounded anteriorly, curved slightly posteriorly. Base narrow, widening distally. Setae present on the anterior surface. Femur very slender, 3.794.05 (
<specimenCount box="[506,524,1915,1941]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="female"></specimenCount>
) to 4.144.45 (♂) times longer than wide, somewhat constricted basally, widening just distal of base. Deep disto-prolateral excavation present. Setae absent from base, though distributed evenly over rest of surface. Patella constricted and slightly angled at base, widening markedly distal at around a third segment length, 2.682.73 (
<specimenCount box="[363,381,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" type="female"></specimenCount>
) to 3.003.26 (♂) times longer than wide. Several small lyriform fissures present on the dorsal surface, just distal of base. Two larger lyriform fissures present latero-dorsally from these, where the segment starts to widen. Deep disto-prolateral excavation present. Setae sparse at base, more numerous on wide part of patella (
<figureCitation box="[159,263,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762524/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" startId="29.[151,250,1979,2003]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1956]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1436,1979,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
Digital microscope photographs of
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[649,986,1979,2003]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[649,986,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[991,1071,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[991,1071,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Female (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1173,1191,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1203,1220,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">B</emphasis>
) and Male (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1360,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1373,1391,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1979,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,176,2015,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">C.</emphasis>
Dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[319,336,2015,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[348,373,2015,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">D.</emphasis>
Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis box="[199,266,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Chela</emphasis>
: In both sexes smooth and uniformly bright orange-brown, fingers may be slightly darker. Female hand larger and slightly more bulbous, strongly convex on the prolateral edge, slightly less so on the retrolateral edge (
<figureCitation box="[159,295,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,924,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-381@30.[151,1436,921,1544]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 22. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762528/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 22A, B</figureCitation>
). Male hand smaller, less convex prolaterally (
<figureCitation box="[820,957,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,924,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-381@30.[151,1436,921,1544]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 22. Digital microscope photographs of Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. right chela: Female (A, B) and Male (C, D). A, C. Retrolateral view; B, D. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762528/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 22C, D</figureCitation>
). Pedicel regular in both sexes, retrolateral condyle small but distinct and rounded. Fingers narrow, longer than hand (without pedicel) and curved slightly prolaterally. Fixed and movable chelal fingers with eight and four trichobothria respectively (
<figureCitation box="[1196,1301,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
Terminal multi-toothed structure extends well beyond venom tooth of movable finger in both sexes, curving downward. Female structure slightly more curved than male (
<figureCitation box="[858,961,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
). In both sexes the structure consists of a large terminal tooth preceded by a row of six smaller, highly sclerotized teeth that remain constant in size. This row is situated slightly prolaterally behind the terminal tooth. Located retrolaterally at the base of the smaller teeth is another larger tooth.A single accessory tooth may also be present in some males, located above the six smaller teeth, and just distal of the basal large tooth (
<figureCitation box="[587,687,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
). Both fingers with rounded, juxtadentate teeth situated on flexible lamellae. Lamella on female fixed finger originating roughly one quarter finger length from base, on movable finger at mid finger length. Lamella on male fixed finger originating roughly one third finger length from base, on movable originating just basal of finger midpoint. Female fixed finger with 5760 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 11 13 proximal to lamella base, together with eight strongly sclerotized teeth on distal structure. Male fixed finger with 5658 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 1214 proximal to lamella base, together with eight strongly sclerotized teeth on distal structure. Female movable finger with 5658 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 2223 proximal to lamella base, 3334 on lamella, and one small, lightly sclerotized tooth at the posterior base of the venom tooth. Male movable finger with 5456 lightly sclerotized, juxtadentate teeth, 1819 proximal to lamella base, 3536 on lamella, and one small, lightly sclerotized tooth at the posterior base of the venom tooth. Two thickened, spine-like setae present on distal end of movable finger in both sexes.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762528/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" startId="30.[151,250,1567,1591]" targetBox="[151,1434,924,1544]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1436,1567,1628]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1567,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
Digital microscope photographs of
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[647,983,1567,1591]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[647,983,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[989,1068,1568,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[989,1068,1568,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
right chela: Female (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1281,1299,1567,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1328,1568,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">B</emphasis>
) and Male (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,178,1603,1627]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,209,1604,1628]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[230,248,1603,1627]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,285,1603,1627]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">C.</emphasis>
Retrolateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[480,497,1604,1628]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[510,535,1604,1628]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">D.</emphasis>
Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1674,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis box="[199,309,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Chelicera</emphasis>
: Hand with five long and acuminate setae,
<emphasis box="[802,825,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">es</emphasis>
shorter (
<figureCitation box="[927,1031,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
). Female fixed finger with 12 teeth, male with 11. Female moveable finger with nine teeth, male with ten. Galea of females divided into six rami (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
), seven in males (
<figureCitation box="[412,519,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23G</figureCitation>
). Female rallum with nine long, acuminate blades, subdistal blade with a small, finger-like, protuberance at terminal (
<figureCitation box="[573,679,1782,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23H</figureCitation>
). Male rallum with eight long, acuminate blades (
<figureCitation box="[1237,1331,1782,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-183@31.[170,1418,561,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum sp. nov. A. Female right chela, retrolateral view; B. Female right pedipalp, dorsal view; C. Female left chelicera, dorsal view; D. Female galea; E. Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view; F. Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view; G. Male galea; H. Female rallum; I. Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Fig. 23I</figureCitation>
). Lamina exterior absent in both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1674,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis box="[199,373,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Coxae and legs</emphasis>
: Pedipalpal coxae same colour, or slightly lighter than rest of pedipalps. Coxae IIV tan. Legs IIV light brown to tan in colour. All legs diplotarsate with subterminal tarsal setae dentate distally; claws simple; arolium shorter than claws.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1674,2026]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,455,1961,1988]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531">Measurements (mm):</emphasis>
Body length
<specimenCount box="[607,628,1962,1988]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" type="female"></specimenCount>
1.86
<geoCoordinate box="[697,775,1962,1990]" degrees="2.26" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" precision="555" value="-2.26">2.26 ♂</geoCoordinate>
1.881.98; Carapace
<specimenCount box="[1019,1040,1962,1988]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.660.68 x 0.770.80 (0.850.86)
<geoCoordinate box="[151,231,1997,2026]" degrees="0.59" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" precision="555" value="-0.59">♂ 0.59</geoCoordinate>
0.62 x 0.620.66 (0.940.95); Chelicera
<specimenCount box="[712,733,1998,2024]" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.540.56 x 0.260.28 (2.002.08)
<geoCoordinate box="[1149,1228,1997,2026]" degrees="0.46" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="531" precision="555" value="-0.46">♂ 0.46</geoCoordinate>
0.50 x 0.250.26 (1.841.92), movable finger length
<specimenCount box="[558,579,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.33
<geoCoordinate box="[651,730,151,179]" degrees="0.34" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.34">0.34 ♂</geoCoordinate>
0.290.30; Pedipalps: femur
<specimenCount box="[1069,1090,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.890.91 x 0.220.24 (3.79 4.05)
<geoCoordinate box="[217,295,187,215]" degrees="0.89" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.89">♂ 0.89</geoCoordinate>
0.91 x 0.200.22 (4.144.45), patella
<specimenCount box="[731,752,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.710.75 x 0.260.28 (2.682.73)
<geoCoordinate box="[1156,1233,186,215]" degrees="0.75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.75">♂ 0.75</geoCoordinate>
0.78 x 0.230.26 (3.003.26), chela
<specimenCount box="[364,385,223,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
1.561.61 x 0.470.49 (3.283.32)
<geoCoordinate box="[795,873,222,251]" degrees="1.52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-1.52">♂ 1.52</geoCoordinate>
1.56 x 0.390.41 (3.803.90), hand
<specimenCount box="[1295,1316,223,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.770.82 x 0.470.49 (1.631.67)
<geoCoordinate box="[435,513,259,287]" degrees="0.76" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.76">♂ 0.76</geoCoordinate>
0.79 x 0.390.41 (1.931.95), movable finger length
<specimenCount box="[1136,1157,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.74
<geoCoordinate box="[1229,1307,259,287]" degrees="0.76" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.76">0.76 ♂</geoCoordinate>
0.710.75; Leg I: femur
<specimenCount box="[297,318,295,321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.410.43 x 0.110.12 (3.583.73)
<geoCoordinate box="[716,793,295,323]" degrees="0.39" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.39">♂ 0.39</geoCoordinate>
0.41 x 0.110.12 (3.423.54), patella
<specimenCount box="[1223,1244,295,321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.310.32 x 0.11 (2.822.91)
<geoCoordinate box="[290,368,331,359]" degrees="0.28" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.28">♂ 0.28</geoCoordinate>
0.29 x 0.11 (2.542.64), tibia
<specimenCount box="[722,743,331,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.340.36 x 0.090.10 (3.603.78)
<geoCoordinate box="[1153,1230,331,359]" degrees="0.33" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.33">♂ 0.33</geoCoordinate>
0.34 x 0.070.08 (4.714.25), metatarsus
<specimenCount box="[424,445,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.190.20 x 0.08 (2.372.50)
<geoCoordinate box="[788,866,367,395]" degrees="0.17" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.17">♂ 0.17</geoCoordinate>
0.18 x 0.060.07 (2.572.83), tarsus
<specimenCount box="[1295,1316,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.220.23 x 0.07 (3.143.28)
<geoCoordinate box="[367,442,403,431]" degrees="0.21" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.21">♂ 0.21</geoCoordinate>
0.22 x 0.06 (3.503.67); Leg IV femoropatella
<specimenCount box="[989,1010,403,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.810.86 x 0.200.21 (4.054.09)
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.80" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.8">♂ 0.80</geoCoordinate>
0.83 x 0.190.21 (3.954.21), tibia
<specimenCount box="[603,624,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.670.71 x 0.12 (5.585.92)
<geoCoordinate box="[956,1031,438,467]" degrees="0.65" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.65">♂ 0.65</geoCoordinate>
0.67 x 0.13 (5.005.15), metatarsus
<specimenCount box="[151,172,475,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.290.31 x 0.08 (3.623.87)
<geoCoordinate box="[507,583,475,503]" degrees="0.27" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.27">♂ 0.27</geoCoordinate>
0.29 x 0.08 (3.373.62), tarsus
<specimenCount box="[941,962,475,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" type="female"></specimenCount>
0.350.37 x 0.08 (4.374.62)
<geoCoordinate box="[1298,1373,474,503]" degrees="0.34" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" precision="555" value="-0.34">♂ 0.34</geoCoordinate>
0.35 x 0.08 (4.254.37).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762530/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" startId="31.[151,250,1905,1929]" targetBox="[188,1402,576,1864]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,1905,2037]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,284,1905,1929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[300,639,1905,1929]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[300,639,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">Gymnobisium prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[648,766,1905,1929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[648,732,1905,1929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Female right chela, retrolateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1170,1193,1905,1929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">B.</emphasis>
Female right pedipalp, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[280,305,1941,1965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">C.</emphasis>
Female left chelicera, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[663,687,1941,1965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">D.</emphasis>
Female galea;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,862,1941,1965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">E.</emphasis>
Female chelal fingers, anterior retrolateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1359,1378,1941,1965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">F.</emphasis>
Male fixed chelal finger, anterior retrolateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[616,642,1977,2001]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">G.</emphasis>
Male galea;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[775,801,1977,2001]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">H.</emphasis>
Female rallum;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,985,1977,2001]" pageId="31" pageNumber="532">I.</emphasis>
Male rallum. Scale bars: A, B: 0.50 mm; C, E, F: 0.20 mm; D, GI: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,611]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although geographically close to both
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[741,1010,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[741,1010,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Gymnobisium cuneatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1102,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1015,1102,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1151,1338,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogsbackense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1151,1338,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">G. hogsbackense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1429,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1342,1429,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, the latter are isolated in the indigenous Afromontane forest patches of their
<typeStatus box="[978,1026,187,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">type</typeStatus>
locality, while
<taxonomicName authority="Neethling &amp; Neethling, 2023" authorityName="Neethling &amp; Neethling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1194,1436,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionotogladiatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1194,1214,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1226,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">prionotogladiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,244,223,249]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,244,223,249]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
occurs over a larger geographic area in both indigenous Afromontane forest patches as well as coastal bushland. The first specimens of this species were collected in 1945, but were misidentified as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tullgren" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1215,1429,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Gymnobisiidae" genus="Gymnobisium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosum">
<emphasis box="[1215,1429,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">G. quadrispinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,611]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,561,294,321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-11-30" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling &amp; C. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" elevation="1092" latitude="-32.683334" location="Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Beaufort" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="NMBAP 00325" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[566,777,294,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<collectingCountry box="[566,777,294,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis box="[790,942,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">
<collectingRegion box="[790,942,295,321]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 5
<collectingCounty box="[974,1121,295,321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Tritonymphs</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1130,1283,295,321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Fort Beaufort</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FA85FEA6FE98FEE0" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-32.683334" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Beaufort" name="Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[343,434,332,359]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-32.683334">32°41S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[448,540,332,359]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="26.5">26°30E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation box="[554,695,331,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1092.0">
<quantity box="[554,632,331,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1092.0">1092m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FD4DFECAFC74FEE0" box="[708,933,331,357]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-32.683334" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Fort Beaufort" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[946,997,331,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Leaf</collectorName>
litter sifting, leg.
<collectorName box="[1206,1370,331,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName pageId="32" pageNumber="533">C. Neethling</collectorName>
,
<date box="[278,405,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2012-11-30">
<collectingDate box="[278,405,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2012-11-30">30.XI.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[422,606,366,393]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">NMBAP 00325</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-11-30" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="Vegetation &amp; C. R. Haddad" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymph" elevation="1090" latitude="-32.683334" location="Afromontane forest" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Same" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="NMBAP 00324" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<specimenCount box="[628,664,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 1♂, 1
<collectingCounty box="[752,888,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Tritonymph</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[901,963,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Same</collectingMunicipality>
location,
<geoCoordinate box="[1079,1170,368,395]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-32.683334">32°41S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1184,1276,368,395]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="26.5">26°30E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation box="[1290,1431,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1090.0">
<quantity box="[1290,1368,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FF1EFE12FEA4FE28" box="[151,373,403,429]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymph" latitude="-32.683334" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Same" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[382,502,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Vegetation</collectorName>
beating, leg.
<collectorName box="[648,795,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">C.R. Haddad</collectorName>
,
<date box="[805,933,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2013-11-30">
<collectingDate box="[805,933,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2013-11-30">30.XI.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[945,1126,403,429]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">NMBAP 00324</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-10-11" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="Leaf &amp; J. A. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" elevation="1092" latitude="-32.683334" location="Afromontane forest" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Same" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="NMBAP 00326" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<specimenCount box="[1144,1180,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 10♂, 49
<collectingCounty box="[1285,1432,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Tritonymphs</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,213,439,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Same</collectingMunicipality>
location,
<geoCoordinate box="[321,412,440,467]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-32.683334">32°41S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[422,515,440,467]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="26.5">26°30E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation box="[525,662,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1092.0">
<quantity box="[525,603,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1092.0">1092m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FD16FE36FCADFE54" box="[671,892,439,465]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-32.683334" longLatPrecision="1209" longitude="26.5" municipality="Same" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[901,952,439,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Leaf</collectorName>
litter sifting, leg.
<collectorName box="[1146,1309,439,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1319,1436,438,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2015-10-11">
<collectingDate box="[1319,1436,438,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2015-10-11">11.X.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[159,345,475,501]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">NMBAP 00326</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-12-01" collectionCode="NMBAP" collectorName="J. A. Neethling &amp; C. Neethling" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" elevation="1244" latitude="-32.466667" location="Katberg" longLatPrecision="1210" longitude="26.666666" municipality="Fort Beaufort" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="NMBAP 00333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
7
<collectingCounty box="[392,539,475,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Tritonymphs</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[553,712,475,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Fort Beaufort</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FD5FFE5AFCE2FE70" box="[726,819,475,501]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-32.466667" longLatPrecision="1210" longitude="26.666666" municipality="Fort Beaufort" name="Katberg" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Katberg</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[834,925,476,503]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-32.466667">32°28S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[940,1033,476,503]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="26.666666">26°40E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation box="[1049,1191,475,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.244" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1244.0">
<quantity box="[1049,1127,475,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.244" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="1244.0">1244m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FB3CFE5AFA49FE70" box="[1205,1432,475,501]" country="South Africa" county="Tritonymphs" latitude="-32.466667" longLatPrecision="1210" longitude="26.666666" municipality="Fort Beaufort" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[151,202,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Leaf</collectorName>
litter sifting, leg.
<collectorName box="[408,571,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">J.A. Neethling</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[610,757,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">C. Neethling</collectorName>
,
<date box="[769,892,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2012-12-01">
<collectingDate box="[769,892,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="2012-12-01">1.XII.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[908,1092,511,537]" collectionCode="NMBAP" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">NMBAP 00333</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1961-01" collectionCode="RMCA" collectorName="Leaf &amp; N. Leleup" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.466667" location="Afromontane forest" longLatPrecision="1210" longitude="26.666666" municipality="Same" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="RMCA 127851" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<specimenCount box="[1112,1147,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1162,1224,511,537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Same</collectingMunicipality>
location [
<geoCoordinate box="[1338,1431,512,539]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-32.466667">32°28S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[151,247,548,575]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="26.666666">26°40E</geoCoordinate>
],
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FE81FDA2FE36FDB8" box="[264,487,547,573]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.466667" longLatPrecision="1210" longitude="26.666666" municipality="Same" name="Afromontane forest" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Afromontane forest</location>
,
<collectorName box="[498,549,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Leaf</collectorName>
litter sifting, leg.
<collectorName box="[751,866,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">N. Leleup</collectorName>
,
<date box="[877,950,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="1961-01">
<collectingDate box="[877,950,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="1961-01">I.1961</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[964,1141,546,573]" collectionCode="RMCA" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ee3x-fpgk" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="Museum">RMCA 127851</specimenCode>
, previously ZA 64)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1945-07" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Coastal &amp; R. F. Lawrence" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.6" location="Port St. Johns" longLatPrecision="1215" longitude="29.533333" municipality="Tritonymph" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="NMSA 680" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<specimenCount box="[1373,1409,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 1
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,287,583,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Tritonymph</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB305F51B504F657FF1EFDEBFAE5FDE4:6646B89CB538F657FEA3FDC6FE14FDE4" box="[298,453,583,609]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.6" longLatPrecision="1215" longitude="29.533333" municipality="Tritonymph" name="Port St. Johns" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Port St. Johns</location>
[
<geoCoordinate box="[467,560,584,611]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="-31.6">31°36S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[572,667,584,611]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" precision="925" value="29.533333">29°32E</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectorName box="[686,770,583,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">Coastal</collectorName>
bush, leg.
<collectorName box="[892,1058,583,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533">R.F. Lawrence</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1069,1171,582,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="1945-07">
<collectingDate box="[1069,1171,582,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" value="1945-07">VII.1945</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[1185,1320,583,609]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="533" type="Museum">NMSA 680</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>