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<document id="C4B414497646A82BC9637C16BF101118" ID-CLB-Dataset="28082" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6462b796-ce0d-40ed-83ff-e69e9f290f8e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606326" ID-ZooBank="1B0BEDBC-9409-41D7-B752-81D9843BACAA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553584617957" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Somavilla, Alexandre, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz, Andena, Sergio Ricardo &amp; Carpenter, James Michael" docDate="2018" docId="03A787E7FFFE9421B38D9B12FC79FF39" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polistes (Epicnemius) actaeon Haliday 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="323" masterDocId="FF9EFF9FFFEA9437B31A9C67FF8EFFEC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas for male genitalia of the New World Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae: Polistinae)" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="321" updateTime="1698712753970" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="270A87AA0777C3FCB2CFA0576754B549">An illustrated atlas for male genitalia of the New World Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae: Polistinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="400477E7E58CCC10F841D8931CD9A291">Somavilla, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="262369EC9B8FEA3F0FEB1AA08BB45047">Oliveira, Marcio Luiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F43BDBD929947EE777E1E707092741F">Andena, Sergio Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8B0665F8E62E02B81B1CBDB8E4CEE67">Carpenter, James Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CF884AF794B7AAA10B484BE352F6721D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A787E7FFFE9421B38D9B12FC79FF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996090" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787E7FFFE9421B38D9B12FC79FF39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787E7FFFE9421B38D9B12FC79FF39" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<subSubSection id="C314657AFFFE9422B38D9B12FA0CFDF4" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFE9423B38D9B12FDE0F87C" blockId="20.[151,622,1909,1936]" box="[151,622,1909,1936]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<heading id="D0F9819DFFFE9423B38D9B12FDE0F87C" bold="true" box="[151,622,1909,1936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFE9423B38D9B12FDE0F87C" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,622,1909,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actaeon" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFE9423B38D9B12FDE0F87C" bold="true" box="[151,622,1909,1936]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFE9423B38D9B12FF7AF863" bold="true" box="[151,244,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFE9423B21E9B12FE1DF863" bold="true" box="[260,403,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Epicnemius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFE9423B2BF9B12FD8DF863" bold="true" box="[421,515,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">actaeon</emphasis>
Haliday
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFE9422B38D9BD1FA0CFDF4" blockId="20.[151,1436,1974,2035]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFE9423B38D9BD1FE18F823" bold="true" box="[151,406,1974,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Paramere (
<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFE9423B2069BD1FE09F823" box="[284,391,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[245,1375,1346,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[201,1391,1332,1973]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) actaeon—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606376/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
(1) about three times longer than wide at the middle; (2) lateral groove deep; (3) parameral spine very long (about 1/5 the total length of paramere), pointed apically with long and dense bristles; (4) paramere lobe developed and widely rounded; (5) inferior portion of paramere narrow, about half the width at the middle portion.
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B3EF9CDBFD81FF39" bold="true" box="[245,527,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFF9422B26C9CDBFE71FF39" box="[374,511,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[245,1375,1346,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[201,1391,1332,1973]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) actaeon—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606376/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 23B, C</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
slender; (1) apical portion with fine and serrated denticulation, extended the apex of the apical portion to the median expansion, lateral margin straight; (2) penis valve weakly dilated and with a slight central entrance (about 1/3 of the total length of apical portion); (3) median expansion developed and rounded apex; (4) lateral apodeme directed forward and shorter than the ventral process, (5) ventral process rounded and slightly expanded in apex; (6) inferior portion of aedeagus weakly curved, almost straight in lateral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B3C79D08FE4DFE64" bold="true" box="[221,451,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Digitus (
<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFF9422B25C9D08FE3BFE64" box="[326,437,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[245,1375,1346,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[201,1391,1332,1973]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) actaeon—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606376/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
slender; (1) apical process developed, about twice longer than the digitus base, and slightly expanded at the apex, (2) apex rounded; (3) anteroventral lobe short and rounded apically; (4) punctation larger on the side of the base; (5) long and dense bristles in the base and short and sparse in the apical process.
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B38D9DBBFEF8FE19" bold="true" box="[151,374,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Cuspis (
<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFF9422B3E19DBBFEE9FE19" box="[251,359,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[245,1375,1346,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[201,1391,1332,1973]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) actaeon—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606376/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
slender; (1) apex pointed and tapering abruptly to the end; (2) long and sparse bristles on cuspis, more on the lateral margin; (3) punctation restricted on the lateral lobe; (4) lower part weakly developed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF716679FFFF9422B38D98BFFB2DFAE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606374/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" startId="21.[151,250,1240,1262]" targetBox="[230,1387,591,1220]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFF9422B38D98BFFB2DFAE1" blockId="21.[151,1435,1240,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B38D98BFFEADFB01" bold="true" box="[151,291,1240,1262]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFF9422B2F698BFFD7BFB02" authority="" box="[492,757,1240,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B2F698BFFDB2FB02" box="[492,572,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B15598BFFD65FB02" box="[591,747,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Aphanilopterus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B1E498BFFC17FB02" box="[766,921,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">xanthogaster—</emphasis>
A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF716679FFFF9422B38D9BD8FBCEF818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606376/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" startId="21.[151,250,1983,2005]" targetBox="[245,1375,1346,1962]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFF9422B38D9BD8FBCEF818" blockId="21.[151,1435,1983,2036]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B38D9BD8FEACF838" bold="true" box="[151,290,1983,2005]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFF9422B2FD9BD8FD48F839" authority="" box="[487,710,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B2FD9BD8FDB9F839" box="[487,567,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B1529BA7FD30F839" box="[584,702,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Epicnemius</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFF9422B1CA9BA7FCB8F839" box="[720,822,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">actaeon—</emphasis>
A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C314657AFFFC9421B3DD9CF0FC79FF39" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFC9421B3DD9CF0FA12FF43" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,213]" box="[199,1436,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B3DD9CF0FEB5FF5C" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B00FFFC9421B25E9CF0FDFEFF5C" author="Richards, O. W." box="[324,624,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refId="ref24573" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas (excluding the Uespinae). British Museum of Natural History, London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978: 550551)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the male genitalia of this species, but he pointed out
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFC9421B38D9CDBFC79FF39" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,213]" box="[151,1015,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
“Both sexes structurally similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B1069CDAFD13FF38" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[540,669,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B1069CDAFD13FF38" box="[540,669,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the male genitalia”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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