treatments-xml/data/03/85/99/0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8.xml

<document id="0D683A74D3CD8F2601F16E607BD7167D" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. &amp; Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Andronymus caesar subsp. philander Hopffer 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="769882E9DC28061549AB1AB9290E70FD">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A32C681817C8A7C29DD56B7F0B49A994">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="17ABB73C93870B1FE408092B96F5AA3A">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4462366484F7EB5D1D979D92452FCAE0">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="446BDFD1359E59E3C8C85DFBB9D1CF12">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BFDFEDDFD62BB26" ID-CoL="98QMT" authority="Hopffer, 1855" authorityName="Hopffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,695,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="philander">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BFDFEDDFDD0BB26" bold="true" box="[151,517,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Andronymus caesar philander</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39966FEDDFD62BB26" author="Hopffer" box="[524,695,332,358]" firstAuthor="Hopffer" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="636 - 660" refId="ref43376" refString="Hopffer, C. (1855) Lepidoptera diurna. In: Peters, [W. C. H.] Reisewerke uber Mossambique. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1855, 636 - 660." type="journal article" year="1855">Hopffer, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDFE03FC07B81F" blockId="35.[151,1437,402,607]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B442201FF9DFFC39BFDFE03FC1BB81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897581303" collectionCode="MJWC" country="Kenya" county="Kitovu Forest" elevation="1600" location="The" municipality="In" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC39BFDFE03FF16BBEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC39BFDFE03FF16BBEB" box="[151,195,402,427]" country="Kenya" county="Kitovu Forest" municipality="In" name="The" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">The</location>
central, 
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC39A4DFE02FE82BBEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC39A4DFE02FE82BBEA" box="[295,343,403,426]" country="Kenya" county="Kitovu Forest" municipality="In" name="East" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">East</location>
and 
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC39AFBFE03FD97BBEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC39AFBFE03FD97BBEB" box="[401,578,402,427]" country="Kenya" county="Kitovu Forest" municipality="In" name="southern Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">southern Africa</location>
subspecies, 
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC399B8FE03FCEBBBEB" box="[722,830,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">philander</emphasis>
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, occurs in most damp forests in 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9DFFC39FDCFE02FAD7BBEB" box="[1206,1282,403,427]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, but does not seem to extend much above 
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<elevation id="0001CF6FFF9DFFC39ABFFE27FDF2BB8F" box="[469,551,438,463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600m</elevation>
</quantity>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC3995AFE27FCDEBB8F" author="Sevastopulo" box="[560,779,438,463]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref45528" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo (1974)</bibRefCitation>
considered it fairly common in 
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, 
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC39E2CFE27FF05BBB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC39E2CFE27FF05BBB3" country="Kenya" county="Kitovu Forest" municipality="In" name="Shimba Hills" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Shimba Hills</location>
, throughout the year. 
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9DFFC39A92FE4BFD88BBB3" box="[504,605,474,499]" name="Tanzania" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
this is a woodland butterfly up to 
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, apparently absent from the northern highlands (Keilland 1990), although 
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found it at 
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on the Kenya-Tanzania border. Adults are only seen occasionally, but the caterpillars are readily found on flush growth of seedlings along paths and in clearings, where several individuals often occur on the same shoot
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.
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BFDFD18FE99B8E2" box="[151,332,649,674]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Adult behaviour</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDFD3CFE55B971" blockId="35.[151,1437,649,818]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B442201FF9DFFC39BFDFD3CFC7DB94E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897581301" collectingDate="1990-12-10" collectionCode="MJWC" location="This" municipality="Diani Beach" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3DB099FF9DFFC39BFDFD3CFF3DB886" box="[151,232,685,710]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MJWC</collectionCode>
observed an adult laying eggs on a sapling of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39868FD3CFC23B886" box="[770,1014,685,710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39868FD3CFC23B886" box="[770,1014,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Deinbollia borbonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the middle of a shady track at the edge of the forest behind 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7B226FF9DFFC39AD0FD40FD9CB8AA" box="[442,585,721,746]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diani Beach</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFD6F774FF9DFFC3993EFD40FD3CB8AA" box="[596,745,721,746]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1990-12-10">10 Dec 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC3999EFD40FCF3B8AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC3999EFD40FCF3B8AA" box="[756,806,721,746]" municipality="Diani Beach" name="This" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">This</location>
was obviously a favoured site as quite a number of ova and hatched ova were present, although no caterpillars could be found
</materialsCitation>
. 
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<collectionCode id="ED3DB099FF9DFFC398D8FD64FBD6B94E" box="[946,1027,757,782]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MJWC</collectionCode>
has caught adults coming to flowers in 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF9DFFC39BDEFC88FEFEB972" box="[180,299,793,818]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EF37E87FF9DFFC39A58FC8BFEA9B971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF9DFFC99BFDFEDDFC1ABAB8:8EF37E87FF9DFFC39A58FC8BFEA9B971" box="[306,380,794,817]" name="Forest" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Kakamega">Forest</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDFCF0FECBB93A" blockId="35.[151,1435,865,962]" box="[151,286,865,890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BFDFCF0FECBB93A" box="[151,286,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Food plants</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDFC14FB81B982" blockId="35.[151,1435,865,962]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39BFDFC14FEB7B9DE" author="Aurivillius" box="[151,354,901,926]" firstAuthor="Aurivillius" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="505 - 588" refId="ref41210" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1925) 9. Familie: Hesperidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-schmetterlinge. In Verbindung mit namhaftesten Fachmannern herausgegeben. Die Africanischen Tagfelter. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 505 - 588." type="book chapter" year="1925">Aurivillius (1925)</bibRefCitation>
provides brief notes on the caterpillar and pupa, but does not give a food plant. Early records of recorded food plants include 
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and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC399CAFC38FC35B982" authority="(Caesalpinioideae)" baseAuthorityName="Caesalpinioideae" box="[672,992,937,962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6AE1DE7FF9DFFC39885FC38FB96B982" box="[1007,1091,937,962]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="35.[151,241,1009,1032]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="TABLE 1. Published food plant records of Andronymus caesar philander from the literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5378D4FF9DFFC39BFDFC60FBA2BE48" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF5378D4FF9DFFC39BFDFC60FBA2BE48">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDFC60FBA2BE48" blockId="35.[151,1143,1009,1032]" box="[151,1143,1009,1032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BFDFC60FED9BE48" bold="true" box="[151,268,1009,1032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Published food plant records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC3990CFC60FC72BE48" authorityName="Hopffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[614,935,1009,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="philander">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC3990CFC60FC72BE48" box="[614,935,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Andronymus caesar philander</emphasis>
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from the literature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BCFFBB8FA9CBCE0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFFBB8FE33BE7F" box="[165,486,1065,1087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BCFFBB8FE33BE7F" bold="true" box="[165,486,1065,1087]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Food plant family and species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FBB8FD1ABE7F" box="[539,719,1065,1087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39971FBB8FDAEBE7F" bold="true" box="[539,635,1065,1087]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Location</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FBB8FA56BE7F" box="[765,1411,1065,1087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39997FBB8FC9DBE7F" bold="true" box="[765,840,1065,1087]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Source</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFFBC4FA56BEEE" box="[165,1411,1109,1198]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFFBC4FE33BEEE" box="[165,486,1109,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BCFFBC4FEF6BE2B" box="[165,291,1109,1131]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BC6FBE6FE88BECD" box="[172,349,1143,1165]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Blighia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unijugata">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BC6FBE6FE88BECD" box="[172,349,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Blighia unijugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FBC4FD1ABEEE" box="[539,719,1109,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">East Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FBC4FA56BEEE" box="[765,1411,1109,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997FBE6FC4DBECD" author="Le Pelley" box="[765,920,1143,1165]" firstAuthor="Le Pelley" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref44149" refString="Le Pelley, R. H. (1959) Agricultural insects of East Africa. Nairobi, Kenya; East Africa High Commission, 307 pp." type="book" year="1959">Le Pelley 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398C9FBE6FB8FBECD" author="Sevastopulo" box="[931,1114,1143,1165]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref45528" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F0EFBE6FB4CBECD" author="Sevastopulo, D. G." bookContentInfo="34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." box="[1124,1177,1143,1165]" editor="Sevastopulo, D. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 132" part="34" refId="ref45556" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." title="Hesperiidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
, unpublished, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39E46FBE6FCE7BEEE" author="Kielland" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39856FB08FC6FBEEE" author="Larsen" box="[828,954,1176,1198]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC3988EFB09FBFABEEE" box="[996,1071,1176,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Blighia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC3988EFB09FBFABEEE" box="[996,1071,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Blighia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFFB55FA56BEBB" box="[165,1411,1220,1275]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FB55FD1ABEBB" box="[539,719,1220,1275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">? Southern Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FB55FA56BEBB" box="[765,1411,1220,1275]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997FB55FBD2BE9A" author="Henning &amp; Henning" box="[765,1031,1220,1242]" firstAuthor="Henning" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43033" refString="Henning, S. F. &amp; Henning, G. A. (1989) South African red data book butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158. Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientifc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 175 pp." type="book" year="1989">Henning &amp; Henning 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F7BFB55FB1ABE9A" author="Pringle" box="[1041,1231,1220,1242]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pringle" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref45070" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. &amp; Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
Pringle 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39F0BFB54FB59BE9A" box="[1121,1164,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FB3FB55FCE7BEBB" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39E5CFB54FAB7BE9A" box="[1334,1378,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39856FB74FC38BEBB" author="Heath" box="[828,1005,1253,1275]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39815FB77FC7EBEBB" box="[895,939,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC3989DFB74FB41BEBB" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[1015,1172,1253,1275]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFFA80FA56BF09" box="[165,1411,1297,1353]" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFFA80FE33BF09" box="[165,486,1297,1353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BC6FA80FEEEBF67" box="[172,315,1297,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BC6FA80FECDBF67" box="[172,280,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Deinbollia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FA80FD1ABF09" box="[539,719,1297,1353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FA80FA56BF09" box="[765,1411,1297,1353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997FA80FC61BF67" author="Sevastopulo" box="[765,948,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref45528" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398D4FA80FC26BF67" author="Sevastopulo, D. G." bookContentInfo="34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." box="[958,1011,1297,1319]" editor="Sevastopulo, D. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 132" part="34" refId="ref45556" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." title="Hesperiidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39897FA80FB45BF67" author="Kielland" box="[1021,1168,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FF0FA83FACFBF67" author="Larsen" box="[1178,1306,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39E4EFA80FC87BF09" author="Heath" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39E0DFA83FCC4BF09" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39836FAA2FC2CBF09" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[860,1017,1331,1353]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFFACDFA56BFF8" box="[165,1411,1372,1464]" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFFACDFE33BFF8" box="[165,486,1372,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BDEFACEFE68BF35" box="[180,445,1375,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Phialodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zambesiacus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BDEFACEFE68BF35" box="[180,445,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phialodiscus zambesiacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’1
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FACDFD1ABFF8" box="[539,719,1372,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">East Africa? Southern Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FACDFA56BFF8" box="[765,1411,1372,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997FACEFC16BF35" author="Van Someren" box="[765,963,1375,1397]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="315 - 331" refId="ref46242" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398A7FACEFB57BF35" author="Sevastopulo, D. G." bookContentInfo="34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." box="[973,1154,1375,1397]" editor="Sevastopulo, D. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 132" part="34" refId="ref45556" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." title="Hesperiidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" year="1975">Sevastopulo 1975</bibRefCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39FC6FACEFAFABF35" authorityName="Radlkofer" authorityYear="1879" box="[1196,1327,1375,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Phialodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39FC6FACEFAFABF35" box="[1196,1327,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phialodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Sevastopulo unpublished, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F6DFA11FB4FBFD6" author="Kielland" box="[1031,1178,1408,1430]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FCEFA10FAF7BFD6" author="Larsen" box="[1188,1314,1408,1430]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39997FA33FC55BFF8" authorityName="Radlkofer" authorityYear="1879" box="[765,896,1442,1464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Phialodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39997FA33FC55BFF8" box="[765,896,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phialodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398FFFA33FB4ABFF8" author="Henning &amp; Henning" box="[917,1183,1442,1464]" firstAuthor="Henning" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43033" refString="Henning, S. F. &amp; Henning, G. A. (1989) South African red data book butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158. Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientifc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 175 pp." type="book" year="1989">Henning &amp; Henning 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FC3FA33FAA7BFF8" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[1193,1394,1442,1464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39E6CFA32FAE6BFF8" box="[1286,1331,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFFA5CFA56BC66" box="[165,1411,1485,1574]" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFFA5CFE33BC66" box="[165,486,1485,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BCFFA5CFE1DBFA3" authority="(Caesalpinioideae)" baseAuthorityName="Caesalpinioideae" box="[165,456,1485,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BC6FA7EFE73BC45" box="[172,422,1519,1541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macrolobium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BC6FA7EFE73BC45" box="[172,422,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Macrolobium coeruleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971FA5CFD1ABC66" box="[539,719,1485,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">East Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997FA5CFA56BC66" box="[765,1411,1485,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997FA7EFC61BC45" author="Sevastopulo, D. G." bookContentInfo="34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." box="[765,948,1519,1541]" editor="Sevastopulo, D. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 132" part="34" refId="ref45556" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." title="Hesperiidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society" year="1975">Sevastopulo 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398D4FA7EFB85BC45" author="Kielland" box="[958,1104,1519,1541]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F31FA7EFB0CBC45" author="Larsen" box="[1115,1241,1519,1541]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39997F981FC52BC66" box="[765,903,1552,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macrolobium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39997F981FC52BC66" box="[765,903,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Macrolobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398F6F981FBB0BC66" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[924,1125,1552,1574]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39893F980FBF0BC66" box="[1017,1061,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFF9ADFA56BC33" box="[165,1411,1596,1651]" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFF9ADFE33BC33" box="[165,486,1596,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BC6F9ADFE4EBC12" box="[172,411,1596,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Julbernardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globiflora">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BC6F9ADFE4EBC12" box="[172,411,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Julbernardia globiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971F9ADFD1ABC33" box="[539,719,1596,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Southern Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997F9ADFA56BC33" box="[765,1411,1596,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997F9ADFBD2BC12" author="Henning &amp; Henning" box="[765,1031,1596,1618]" firstAuthor="Henning" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref43033" refString="Henning, S. F. &amp; Henning, G. A. (1989) South African red data book butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158. Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientifc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 175 pp." type="book" year="1989">Henning &amp; Henning 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F7BF9ADFB1ABC12" author="Pringle" box="[1041,1231,1596,1618]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pringle" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref45070" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. &amp; Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
Pringle 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39F0BF9ACFB59BC12" box="[1121,1164,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FB3F9ADFCE7BC33" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39E5CF9ACFAB7BC12" box="[1334,1378,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39856F9CCFC3EBC33" author="Heath" box="[828,1003,1629,1651]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39815F9CFFC7EBC33" box="[895,939,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351C2A1EFF9D001F9BCFF91BFA56BCE0" box="[165,1411,1674,1696]" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76CD4362FF9D001F9BCFF91BFE33BCE0" box="[165,486,1674,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BC6F91AFE5CBCE0" box="[172,393,1674,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angolensis">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BC6F91AFE5CBCE0" box="[172,393,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pericopsis angolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9971F91BFD1ABCE0" box="[539,719,1674,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Southern Africa</td>
<td id="76CD4362FF9D001F9997F91BFA56BCE0" box="[765,1411,1674,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39997F91BFC6FBCE0" author="Pringle" box="[765,954,1674,1696]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pringle" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref45070" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. &amp; Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
Pringle 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39826F91AFCACBCE0" box="[844,889,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC398AEF91BFB45BCE0" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[964,1168,1674,1696]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39F48F91AFB9ABCE0" box="[1058,1103,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39FF0F91BFA9CBCE0" author="Heath" box="[1178,1353,1674,1696]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39FB7F91AFADCBCE0" box="[1245,1289,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC39BFDF92CFD97BCB4" blockId="35.[151,1435,1725,1780]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<tableNote id="76CA29D2FF9DFFC39BFDF92CFD97BCB4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[165,1411,1065,1696]" targetPageId="35">
<superScript id="7C598514FF9DFFC39BFDF92CFF4BBC89" attach="none" box="[151,158,1725,1737]" fontSize="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1</superScript>
‘ 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39BCCF951FE6DBC96" box="[166,440,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39BCCF951FEFCBC96" authorityName="Radlkofer" authorityYear="1879" box="[166,297,1728,1750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Phialodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phialodiscus</taxonomicName>
zambesiacus’
</emphasis>
is an unresolved plant name (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39986F951FC6FBC96" author="The Plant List" box="[748,954,1728,1750]" firstAuthor="The Plant List" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref45851" refString="The Plant List (2012) The plant list a working list of all plant species. Available from: http: // www. theplantlist. org / (Accessed 2 Sept. 2013)" type="url" year="2012">The Plant List 2012</bibRefCitation>
) that has been treated as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39E3BF951FD97BCB4" authority="(Davies &amp; Verdcourt 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Verdcourt" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Blighia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unijugata">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39E3BF951FEFDBCB4" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Blighia unijugata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39A5FF94FFDEEBCB4" author="Davies &amp; Verdcourt" box="[309,571,1758,1780]" firstAuthor="Davies" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref41912" refString="Davies, F. G. &amp; Verdcourt, B. (1998) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Sapindaceae. A. A. Balkena, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 112 pp." type="book" year="1998">Davies &amp; Verdcourt 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9DFFC49BADF8B3FE5CBA95" blockId="35.[151,1436,1825,2030]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9DFFC39B83F8B3FEE0BD7A" box="[233,309,1826,1850]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, MJWC found eggs and caterpillars on small plants (0.5–3.0m) of the tree 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39FCCF8B0FEE3BD1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39FCCF8B0FA49BD7A" box="[1190,1436,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Deinbollia borbonica</emphasis>
(Sapindaceae)
</taxonomicName>
at Diani Beach and Kitovu Forest (91/03), and in Lower 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF9DFFC398D4F8D7FC2EBD1D" box="[958,1019,1862,1885]" country="Kenya" name="Meru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Meru</collectingRegion>
Forest (90/32) on tree saplings of an unidentified species tentatively placed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39905F8F8FD37BDC2" box="[623,738,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
(MJWC #86). Since only two species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39FD5F8F8FAE2BDC2" box="[1215,1335,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39FD5F8F8FAE2BDC2" box="[1215,1335,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Deinbollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9DFFC39BFDF81FFF36BDE6" box="[151,227,1934,1958]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, and the second, 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39AABF81FFD60BDE6" box="[449,693,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39AABF81FFD65BDE6" box="[449,688,1933,1958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilimandscharica">D. kilimandscharica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
only occurs above 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF9DFFC398C7F81CFC2EBDE6" box="[941,1019,1933,1958]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39F7BF81CFB66BDE6" author="Beentje" box="[1041,1203,1933,1958]" firstAuthor="Beentje" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref41273" refString="Beentje, H. (1994) Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, 722 pp." type="book" year="1994">Beentje 1994</bibRefCitation>
), we conclude that Sevastopulo’s records from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39AB3F820FDAFBD89" box="[473,634,1969,1994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39AB3F820FD84BD8A" box="[473,593,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Deinbollia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF9DFFC399CEF823FD38BD8A" box="[676,749,1970,1994]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF9DFFC39994F820FC18BD8A" author="Sevastopulo" box="[766,973,1969,1994]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref45528" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1974) Butterflies of the Shimba Hills. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 86, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="1974">Sevastopulo 1974</bibRefCitation>
, and subsequent sources in 
<tableCitation id="C6AE1DE7FF9DFFC39E7BF820FAB0BD8A" box="[1297,1381,1969,1994]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="35.[151,241,1009,1032]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="TABLE 1. Published food plant records of Andronymus caesar philander from the literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5378D4FF9DFFC39BFDFC60FBA2BE48" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF5378D4FF9DFFC39BFDFC60FBA2BE48">Table 1</tableCitation>
) are referable to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC39A4DF847FE14BDAE" box="[295,449,2005,2030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39A4DF847FE14BDAE" box="[295,449,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. borbonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, there are parasitized remains (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9DFFC398A3F844FBE2BDAE" box="[969,1079,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC398A3F844FBE2BDAE" box="[969,1079,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9DFFC39F27F844FBB8BDAE" box="[1101,1133,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">s.l.</emphasis>
) sp.) associated with this species in ABRI that were collected as a caterpillar on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9AFFC4986EFF06FBA7BAF0" box="[772,1138,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lecaniodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9AFFC4986EFF06FC71BAF0" box="[772,932,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lecaniodiscus</emphasis>
sp. (Sapindaceae)
</taxonomicName>
at 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF9AFFC49FFFFF06FAD8BAF0" box="[1173,1293,151,176]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
Forest (S.C. Collins pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF9AFFC49BFDF80CFE5FBDB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267920/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,249,1949,1971]" targetBox="[153,1436,265,1931]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9AFFC49BFDF80CFE5FBDB0" blockId="36.[151,1436,1949,2032]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9AFFC49BFDF80CFEF3BDF3" bold="true" box="[151,294,1949,1971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
Adult female 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9AFFC49AA1F80CFD3EBDF3" authority="caesar" authorityName="caesar Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[459,747,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9AFFC49AA1F80CFD3EBDF3" box="[459,747,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Andronymus caesar caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with strong yellow markings UNH, collected as caterpillar on unidentified host, Lower Meru Forest, 1–2 Apr 1990; adult photographed 27 Apr, 90/32F. 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9AFFC49F22F82DFB81BD92" bold="true" box="[1096,1108,1980,2002]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</emphasis>
, wings partially open, showing upperside; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9AFFC49A6CF84BFEC6BDB0" bold="true" box="[262,275,2010,2032]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</emphasis>
, underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF9BFFC59BFDFCD9FA8CB93D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267922/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,249,840,862]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,819]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9BFFC59BFDFCD9FA8CB93D" blockId="37.[151,1436,840,893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC59BFDFCD9FEF5B91E" bold="true" box="[151,288,840,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
leaf shelters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9BFFC59AACFCD9FD0CB91E" authority="caesar" authorityName="caesar Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[454,729,840,862]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC59AACFCD9FD0CB91E" box="[454,729,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Andronymus caesar caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC5998DFCD9FD26B91E" bold="true" box="[743,755,840,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">1</emphasis>
, Apical leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9BFFC598DAFCD9FB5EB91E" box="[944,1163,840,862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC598DAFCD9FB5EB91E" box="[944,1163,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Deinbollia borbonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sapling, with two ova and eight leaf shelters, Kitovu Forest, 2 Apr 1990, 90/32; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC599DFFCF6FD17B93D" bold="true" box="[693,706,871,893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">2</emphasis>
, Pupal leaf shelter on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9BFFC598CEFCF6FBAAB93D" box="[932,1151,871,893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC598CEFCF6FBAAB93D" box="[932,1151,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Deinbollia borbonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 24 Jan 1991, 91/3A.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF9BFFC59BFDF8F2FE64BDD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267924/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,249,1891,1913]" targetBox="[151,1436,943,1870]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF9BFFC59BFDF8F2FE64BDD8" blockId="37.[151,1436,1891,1944]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC59BFDF8F2FEF6BD39" bold="true" box="[151,291,1891,1913]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
Ovum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF9BFFC59AFFF8F2FD18BD39" authorityName="Hopffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[405,717,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="philander">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF9BFFC59AFFF8F2FD18BD39" box="[405,717,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Andronymus caesar philander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest, 2 Apr 1990; photographed 4 Apr; 90/32.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BADFF09FEB2BB5D" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF98FFC69B8EFF06FE9EBAF0" box="[228,331,151,176]" name="Tanzania" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, TCEC found it on what appeared to be a 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC69876FF06FC0DBAEF" box="[796,984,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69876FF06FC65BAF0" box="[796,944,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brachystegia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, feeding on lush, soft coppice growth on a roadside at Katuma, Mpanda, 
<date id="FF920E9CFF98FFC69A92FF2DFD53BA95" box="[504,646,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1996-02-19">19 Feb 1996</date>
; on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC699DEFF2DFC6EBA95" box="[692,955,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Julbernardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globiflora">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC699DEFF2DFC6EBA95" box="[692,955,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Julbernardia globiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Mishamo, western 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF98FFC69FDAFF2DFACDBA95" box="[1200,1304,188,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FF920E9CFF98FFC69E49FF2DFA42BA95" box="[1315,1431,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1997-05">May 1997</date>
; and on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC69B9BFF71FE5DBAB7" box="[241,392,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Pericopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69B9BFF71FE89BAB7" box="[241,348,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pericopis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
at Kihansi Gorge, 
<date id="FF920E9CFF98FFC69906FF71FD08BAB8" box="[620,733,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2000-03">Mar 2000</date>
and Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, 
<date id="FF920E9CFF98FFC69F3DFF4EFB24BAB8" box="[1111,1265,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2003-11-20">20 Nov 2003</date>
(all 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC69E47FF4EFA4DBAB8" box="[1325,1432,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC69BFDFE95FE89BB5D" box="[151,348,260,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDFEDDFEF2BB25" blockId="38.[150,1438,332,824]" box="[151,295,332,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69BFDFEDDFEF2BB25" box="[151,295,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDFEFEFABEBB90" blockId="38.[150,1438,332,824]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Shelters for small caterpillars are made by cutting two notches from the edge of the leaf, and folding the resultant flap under (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF98FFC69A7DFE05FE4BBBED" box="[279,414,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="37.[151,249,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetId="figure-81@37.[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 41. leaf shelters of Andronymus caesar caesar. 1, Apical leaves of Deinbollia borbonica sapling, with two ova and eight leaf shelters, Kitovu Forest, 2 Apr 1990, 90/32; 2, Pupal leaf shelter on Deinbollia borbonica, 24 Jan 1991, 91/3A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267922/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 41.1</figureCitation>
); additional feeding at one or both notches means that the shelter can be folded over further at one or both ends. As the caterpillar grows, the shelters gets correspondingly larger and longer (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF98FFC69FB2FE26FA8ABB90" box="[1240,1375,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="37.[151,249,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetId="figure-81@37.[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 41. leaf shelters of Andronymus caesar caesar. 1, Apical leaves of Deinbollia borbonica sapling, with two ova and eight leaf shelters, Kitovu Forest, 2 Apr 1990, 90/32; 2, Pupal leaf shelter on Deinbollia borbonica, 24 Jan 1991, 91/3A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267922/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 41.1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BADFE4DFA40B978" blockId="38.[150,1438,332,824]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The pupa is formed in a specially prepared shelter (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF98FFC69844FE4DFC6CBBB5" box="[814,953,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="37.[151,249,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetId="figure-81@37.[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 41. leaf shelters of Andronymus caesar caesar. 1, Apical leaves of Deinbollia borbonica sapling, with two ova and eight leaf shelters, Kitovu Forest, 2 Apr 1990, 90/32; 2, Pupal leaf shelter on Deinbollia borbonica, 24 Jan 1991, 91/3A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267922/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 41.2</figureCitation>
), similar in concept to that described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF98FFC69BFDFE6EFE89B858" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,348,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69BFDFE6EFE89B858" box="[151,348,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acleros mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above. The pupal chamber is suspending by quite a long section of bared mid-rib, and the chamber itself is completely enclosed by the leaf remaining. Of the 17 eclosed pupae preserved in ABRI, two are preserved together with their complete leaf shelter. One is constructed with a leaf of about 80 x 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69E66FDD6FA83B820" box="[1292,1366,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
, oval, pointed apically; one half untouched, the other has been eaten from the margins and folded over upwards, the fold on midrib at basal end and a little away from midrib at distal end; the central area is about 30 x 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69F91FD1EFA90B8E8" box="[1275,1349,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="12.0">12mm</quantity>
, with 6 irregular extensions of 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69AF5FD25FDD7B88B" box="[415,514,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11mm</quantity>
along the margin of the shelter lid; pupa with head distal. The other is on a leaf remains 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69B93FD46FE95B8B0" box="[249,320,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="42.0">42mm</quantity>
long, distally having been completely eaten; leaf flat at mid-rib, and folded over upwards a little to one side; the lower half of the leaf has been mostly eaten, with three irregular projections from mid rib in basal half of shelter; a central semi-oval 24 x 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69948FC8EFD8BB978" box="[546,606,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
, with six irregular projections of 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC698B9FC8EFBE2B978" box="[979,1079,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12mm</quantity>
(photo); pupa with head distal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDFCF2FF0FB93A" blockId="38.[151,1436,867,999]" box="[151,218,867,890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69BFDFCF2FF0FB93A" box="[151,218,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ovum</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDFC17FDD8B9A7" blockId="38.[151,1436,867,999]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Ovum 1.0 x 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF98FFC69A42FC17FE51B9DF" box="[296,388,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75mm</quantity>
wide x high; chorion transparent, but due to the contents ovum appears pink, darker on the micropyle (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF98FFC69A7DFC3BFE5DB983" box="[279,392,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="37.[151,249,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,943,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,943,1870]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 42. Ovum of Andronymus caesar philander collected on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest, 2 Apr 1990; photographed 4 Apr; 90/32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267924/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 42</figureCitation>
); minutely sculptured with 29–30 fine ribs, more evident towards the base than the apex. Ova are laid on the leaf upper surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF98FFC69BFDF8BDFC9BBD21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267926/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,249,1836,1858]" targetBox="[151,1436,1054,1814]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDF8BDFC9BBD21" blockId="38.[151,1435,1836,1889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69BFDF8BDFEF4BD02" bold="true" box="[151,289,1836,1858]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 43.</emphasis>
Penultimate instar caterpillar constructing shelter, collected 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr 1990; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; 90/32G.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDF81CFEC0BDE6" blockId="38.[151,1436,1933,2030]" box="[151,277,1933,1958]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF98FFC69BFDF81CFEC0BDE6" box="[151,277,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Caterpillar</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF98FFC69BFDF820FD4BBDAE" blockId="38.[151,1436,1933,2030]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The youngest instars are translucent green with a black head, but as they mature the body becomes increasingly white in colour (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF98FFC69A25F844FE68BDAE" box="[335,445,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="38.[151,249,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1054,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-429@38.[151,1436,1054,1814]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 43. Penultimate instar caterpillar constructing shelter, collected 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr 1990; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; 90/32G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267926/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 43</figureCitation>
penultimate instar).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF99FFC79BFDFC66FBB8BE29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" targetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC79BFDFC66FBB8BE29" blockId="39.[151,1436,1015,1129]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79BFDFC66FEF0BE4D" bold="true" box="[151,293,1015,1037]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
Final instar caterpillar of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79922FC66FCC0BE4D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[584,789,1015,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79922FC66FCC0BE4D" box="[584,789,1015,1037]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Andronymus caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79842FC66FC98BE4D" bold="true" box="[808,845,1015,1037]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1–2</emphasis>
, collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79886FC66FB19BE4D" box="[1004,1228,1015,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Deinbollia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonica">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79886FC66FB19BE4D" box="[1004,1228,1015,1037]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Deinbollia borbonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79E20FB84FA82BE6B" bold="true" box="[1354,1367,1045,1067]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2</emphasis>
, detail of head, as 1; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79A41FBA5FE85BE0A" bold="true" box="[299,336,1076,1098]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3–4</emphasis>
, collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79A8EFBA4FDA3BE0A" box="[484,630,1077,1098]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79A8EFBA4FD9ABE0A" box="[484,591,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pericopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79F82FBA5FB20BE0A" bold="true" box="[1256,1269,1076,1098]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3</emphasis>
, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79EE3FBA5FA40BE0A" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1076,1098]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4</emphasis>
, dorsolateral view; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79A39FBC2FE8ABE29" bold="true" box="[339,351,1107,1129]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5</emphasis>
, collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79A84FBC5FDABBE29" box="[494,638,1108,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79A84FBC5FD8CBE29" box="[494,601,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pericopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC79BADFB07FCCEBFC6" blockId="39.[150,1437,1173,1414]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
In the striking fifth instar, the body is completely white, apart from a slightly darker dorsal line, a subdorsal dot in the anterior half and a dorsolateral dot in the posterior half of A1–7 (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC798B1FB28FBB1BE92" box="[987,1124,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetId="figure-481@39.[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Andronymus caesar. 1–2, collected on Deinbollia borbonica, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 2, detail of head, as 1; 3–4, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 3, dorsal view; 4, dorsolateral view; 5, collected on Pericopsis sp., Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 44.1</figureCitation>
); and the head brown with yellow spots on epicrania and adfrontals, 3.0 x 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF99FFC799C8FB4CFD25BEB6" box="[674,752,1245,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3mm</quantity>
wide x high (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC798E2FB4CFBDBBEB6" box="[904,1038,1245,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetId="figure-481@39.[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Andronymus caesar. 1–2, collected on Deinbollia borbonica, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 2, detail of head, as 1; 3–4, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 3, dorsal view; 4, dorsolateral view; 5, collected on Pericopsis sp., Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 44.1</figureCitation>
). Caterpillars collected by TCEC in 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF99FFC79BFCFA90FF2EBF5A" box="[150,251,1281,1306]" name="Tanzania" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
show that the yellow markings of the head may be pale (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC798F9FA90FBCEBF5A" box="[915,1051,1281,1306]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetId="figure-481@39.[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Andronymus caesar. 1–2, collected on Deinbollia borbonica, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 2, detail of head, as 1; 3–4, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 3, dorsal view; 4, dorsolateral view; 5, collected on Pericopsis sp., Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 44.2</figureCitation>
), and the sutures each side of the adfrontals may be dark (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC79AC4FAB4FD86BF7E" box="[430,595,1317,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetId="figure-481@39.[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Andronymus caesar. 1–2, collected on Deinbollia borbonica, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 2, detail of head, as 1; 3–4, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 3, dorsal view; 4, dorsolateral view; 5, collected on Pericopsis sp., Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 44.3–4</figureCitation>
). A single caterpillar collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC798B0FAB6FBA2BF7D" box="[986,1143,1318,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC798B0FAB6FB85BF7E" box="[986,1104,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pericopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
at Kihansi Gorge had the head ground colour almost black (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC79974FADBFD72BF23" box="[542,679,1354,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1015,1037]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetId="figure-481@39.[151,1436,189,990]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Andronymus caesar. 1–2, collected on Deinbollia borbonica, 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; dorsal view, 2 Apr, 90/32A; 2, detail of head, as 1; 3–4, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2003, TCEC; 3, dorsal view; 4, dorsolateral view; 5, collected on Pericopsis sp., Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania, 11 Feb 2008 (TCEC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267928/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 44.5</figureCitation>
), but without further material we can only speculate as to whether this represents an extreme variation or a local population.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC79BFDFA26FF07BF8E" blockId="39.[150,1436,1463,1667]" box="[151,210,1463,1486]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79BFDFA26FF07BF8E" box="[151,210,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pupa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC79BFDFA4BFB99BCC3" blockId="39.[150,1436,1463,1667]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The pupal shelter is similar to those shown for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC799F5FA4BFD3ABFB3" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[671,751,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hero">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC799F5FA4BFD3ABFB3" box="[671,751,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A. hero</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC79823FA4BFC6FBFB3" box="[841,954,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="43.[151,249,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,285,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-77@43.[151,1436,285,1649]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 49. Pupa of Andronymus hero. 1, western population, collected as caterpillar on Combretum aphanopetalum, Fôret de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 4. Dec 1988; pupated 9 Dec; photographed 13 Dec; eclosed 26–27 Dec; 26mm; 88/206; dorsolateral view; 2, eastern population, collected 25 Mar 1994 on Combretum sp., Kasye Forest, Kigoma, western Tanzania; photographed 2 Apr 1994; TCEC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267940/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 49</figureCitation>
). As the pupa is more or less fully enclosed in its leaf shelter, it is not surprising that it is less well camouflaged (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC798CFFA6CFBC0BC56" box="[933,1045,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="40.[151,249,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,461,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-186@40.[151,1436,461,1902]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 45. Pupa of Andronymus caesar caesar. 1, dorsolateral view, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania; photographed 28 Nov 2003; TCEC; 2, dorsal view, collected as final instar caterpillar on unidentified plant (?Meliaceae), Lower Meru Forest, Kenya; pupated 8 Apr 1990; photographed 8 Apr; adult 22 Apr; 23mm; 90/32F; 3, lateral view, same as (1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267930/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 45</figureCitation>
) than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79FDAFA6FFAE0BC56" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1868" box="[1200,1333,1533,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Acleros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79FDAFA6FFAE0BC56" box="[1200,1333,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A. mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is substantially exposed in its shelter (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF99FFC79942F9B3FD4FBC7B" box="[552,666,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="38.[151,249,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1054,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-429@38.[151,1436,1054,1814]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 43. Penultimate instar caterpillar constructing shelter, collected 1–2 Apr 1990 on unidentified sapling, Lower Meru Forest; photographed 2 Apr 1990; moulted 4–6 Apr; 18mm; 90/32G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267926/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 43</figureCitation>
). The inside of the pupal chamber is lightly covered with a powdery white wax, but little of this is deposited on the pupa itself. The fore wing tips are slightly falcate, and the proboscis sheath extends 
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF99FFC79A28F9FBFE45BCC3" box="[322,400,1642,1667]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7mm</quantity>
beyond the tips. The pupal stage takes 16 days (range 14–17).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC79BFDF93DFE9ABC84" blockId="39.[150,1436,1708,2021]" box="[151,335,1708,1733]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79BFDF93DFE9ABC84" box="[151,335,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Natural enemies</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF99FFC89BFDF941FBDEBAB8" blockId="39.[150,1436,1708,2021]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The caterpillars from Lower 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF99FFC79A8EF940FDF4BCA8" box="[484,545,1745,1768]" country="Kenya" name="Meru" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Meru</collectingRegion>
Forest were very heavily parasitised by an 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79F71F941FB5CBCA9" box="[1051,1161,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79F71F941FB5CBCA9" box="[1051,1161,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.l.) sp. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79E47F941FA4EBCA9" box="[1325,1435,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79E47F941FA4EBCA9" box="[1325,1435,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae emerge from the body of the mature fifth instar caterpillar after it has started construction of the pupal leaf shelter. Cocoons are arranged on each side of the corpse, in a loose mass; each cocoon is attached to the substrate by a short silk stalk at one end, and the other end sticks up. This is completely different to other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79FA1F8ADFAECBD15" box="[1227,1337,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF99FFC79FA1F8ADFAECBD15" box="[1227,1337,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cocoons which MJWC have reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF99FFC79968F8F1FD5DBD39" box="[514,648,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
for which the cocoons are arranged loosely or neatly in rows with the cocoons parallel to and attached to the substrate. Out of 14 caterpillars from Lower 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF99FFC79F0DF814FB76BDDC" box="[1127,1187,1925,1948]" country="Kenya" name="Meru" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Meru</collectingRegion>
Forest which MJWC collected at the beginning of 
<date id="FF920E9CFF99FFC79AB7F839FD8CBD81" box="[477,601,1960,1985]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1990-04">April 1990</date>
, nine grew to maturity, of which eight were parasitised, although only two batches of cocoons out of the eight successfully emerged. These comprised one batch of 59 cocoons, from which 
<specimenCount id="9D2AE3D5FF96FFC89BFDFF09FEDEBAF0" box="[151,267,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D2AE3D5FF96FFC89A2CFF06FE17BAF0" box="[326,450,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="female">52 females</specimenCount>
emerged (90/32B), while the other batch comprised 50 cocoons, but only 
<specimenCount id="9D2AE3D5FF96FFC89E71FF06FA49BAF0" box="[1307,1436,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
emerged (90/32A). The cocoons took about five days to emerge. A similar group of 29 cocoons reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF96FFC89EEEFF2DFF37BAB8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89EEEFF2DFF37BAB8" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A. caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF96FFC89A1DFF4EFDC2BAB8" box="[375,535,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lecaniodiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89A1DFF4EFDC2BAB8" box="[375,535,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lecaniodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF96FFC89950FF4EFD60BAB8" box="[570,693,223,248]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF96FFC899AAFF71FCD9BAB8" box="[704,780,224,248]" name="Kenya" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, is preserved in ABRI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF96FFC89BFDFEB1FEC7BB77" blockId="40.[151,1436,288,421]" box="[151,274,288,311]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89BFDFEB1FEC7BB77" box="[151,274,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF96FFC89BFDFED5FAA2BBE5" blockId="40.[151,1436,288,421]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF96FFC89BFDFED5FE0CBB1D" author="Henning &amp; Henning" box="[151,473,324,349]" firstAuthor="Henning" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref43033" refString="Henning, S. F. &amp; Henning, G. A. (1989) South African red data book butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158. Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientifc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 175 pp." type="book" year="1989">Henning &amp; Henning (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF96FFC8997DFED5FCC6BB1D" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[535,787,324,349]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC899E8FED4FD6BBB1D" box="[642,702,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
include a description of the early stages, and the latter includes a photograph by R. Paré of the pupa. Although this photograph is a good match to the pupa shown here (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF96FFC89BF4FE1DFEDABBE5" box="[158,271,396,421]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="40.[151,249,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,461,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-186@40.[151,1436,461,1902]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 45. Pupa of Andronymus caesar caesar. 1, dorsolateral view, collected on Pericopsis sp., Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania; photographed 28 Nov 2003; TCEC; 2, dorsal view, collected as final instar caterpillar on unidentified plant (?Meliaceae), Lower Meru Forest, Kenya; pupated 8 Apr 1990; photographed 8 Apr; adult 22 Apr; 23mm; 90/32F; 3, lateral view, same as (1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267930/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 45</figureCitation>
), the description of the ovum, caterpillar and pupa do not match those described and illustrated here.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF96FFC89BFDF8E8FE99BDB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267930/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,249,1913,1935]" targetBox="[151,1436,461,1902]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF96FFC89BFDF8E8FE99BDB5" blockId="40.[151,1436,1913,2037]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89BFDF8E8FEF5BDCF" bold="true" box="[151,288,1913,1935]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
Pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF96FFC89A16F8E8FD5BBDCF" authority="caesar" authorityName="caesar Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[380,654,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caesar" subSpecies="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89A16F8E8FD5BBDCF" box="[380,654,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Andronymus caesar caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC899F6F8E8FD7DBDCF" bold="true" box="[668,680,1913,1935]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1</emphasis>
, dorsolateral view, collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF96FFC89899F8EBFB51BDCF" box="[1011,1156,1914,1935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89899F8EBFB8BBDCF" box="[1011,1118,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pericopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, Chivanjee Estate, Tukuyu, Tanzania; photographed 28 Nov 2003; TCEC; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC899FFF80BFD77BDF0" bold="true" box="[661,674,1946,1968]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2</emphasis>
, dorsal view, collected as final instar caterpillar on unidentified plant (? 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF96FFC89BCDF82DFEC3BD92" box="[167,278,1980,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
), Lower Meru Forest, Kenya; pupated 8 Apr 1990; photographed 8 Apr; adult 22 Apr; 23mm; 90/32F; 
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF96FFC89E28F82DFA9BBD92" bold="true" box="[1346,1358,1980,2002]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3</emphasis>
, lateral view, same as (1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF97FFC99BADFF06FC1ABAB8" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The only clear difference between the two subspecies is that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF97FFC9981CFF06FC36BAF0" box="[886,995,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philander">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF97FFC9981CFF06FC36BAF0" box="[886,995,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">philander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ova have 29–30 ribs, whereas those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF97FFC99BFDFF2CFF37BA94" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,226,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF97FFC99BFDFF2CFF37BA94" box="[151,226,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">caesar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 36–41. The caterpillars and pupae are very similar and longer series of material would be required to assess whether the minor differences are consistent, but it seems unlikely.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>