293 lines
36 KiB
XML
293 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="667B9DA2BD74BF5F9B8D71C7035567F5">Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD608BFF3DCD0BFF0D" ID-CoL="649JR" authority="Wollaston, 1864" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1864" box="[476,801,218,243]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD608BFF3DCC4EFF0D" bold="true" box="[476,612,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD633CFF3CCD0BFF0D" author="WOLLASTON T. V." box="[619,801,219,243]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref122598" refString="WOLLASTON T. V. 1864: Catalogue of the coleopterous insects of the Canaries in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 648 pp." type="book" year="1864">Wollaston, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD61C0FEE5CF93FEEA" ID-CoL="649JR" authority="Wollaston, 1864: 179" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,441,257,276]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FEE5CED4FEEA" box="[151,254,258,276]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
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.
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species:
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6360FEE5CCFCFEEA" box="[567,726,258,276]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus fossor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD638DFEE6CD4CFEEA" author="WOLLASTON T. V." box="[730,870,257,276]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref122598" refString="WOLLASTON T. V. 1864: Catalogue of the coleopterous insects of the Canaries in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 648 pp." type="book" year="1864">Wollaston, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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(=
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD62D7FEE5CA21FEEA" box="[896,1035,258,276]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Saprinus tridens</emphasis>
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Jacquelin- Duval, 1852), by monotypy.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD61C0FED0CFECFEB7" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[151,454,310,330]" page="358" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD61C0FED0CFB0FEB7" ID-CoL="649JR" authority=": MARSEUL (1864)" authorityName=": MARSEUL" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,410,310,330]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FED0CED4FEB7" box="[151,254,311,329]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD605CFED0CFB0FEB7" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[267,410,310,330]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="341 - 368" refId="ref118071" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1864: Especes d'Histerides nouvelles ou publies depuis la Supplement a la monographie, appartenant a l'Europe ou au Bassin de la Mediterranee. L'Abeille 1: 341 - 368." type="journal article" year="1864">MARSEUL (1864)</bibRefCitation>
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: 358
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD6087FED1CCAFFEB7" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[464,645,310,329]" page="354" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD6087FED1CC73FEB7" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[464,601,310,329]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="353 - 356" refId="ref120992" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1887: Verzeichniss der von Herrn Premierleutenant M. Quedenfeldt in Marokko 1885 - 86 gesammelten Histeriden. Entomologische Nachrichten 13: 353 - 356." type="journal article" year="1887">SCHMIDT (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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: 354
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD63D9FED1CD42FEB7" author="GANGLBAUER L." box="[654,872,310,329]" page="394" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63D9FED1CD17FEB7" author="GANGLBAUER L." box="[654,829,310,329]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref114798" refString="GANGLBAUER L. 1899: Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Die Kafer der osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, Deutschland, der Schweiz, sowie des franzosischen und italienischen Alpengebiets. III, 1. Familienreihe Staphylinoidea. 2 Theil: Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Clambidae, Leptinidae, Platypsyllidae, Corylophidae, Sphaeritidae, Trichopterigydae, Hydroscaphidae, Scaphidiidae, Histeridae. Carl Gerolds Sohn, Wien, 408 pp." type="book" year="1899">GANGLBAUER (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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: 394
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD6225FED0CA3EFEB7" author="REITTER E." box="[882,1044,310,330]" page="13" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD6225FED0CDDFFEB7" author="REITTER E." box="[882,1013,310,330]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="13" refId="ref120599" refString="REITTER E. 1910: Uebersicht der Arten der Coleopterengattung Xenonychus Woll. Entomologische Blatter 6: 13." type="journal article" year="1910">REITTER (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</treatmentCitation>
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(partim);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD61E2FEB6CF5AFE9A" author="BICKHARDT H." box="[181,368,337,356]" page="32" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD61E2FEB6CF7BFE9A" author="BICKHARDT H." box="[181,337,337,356]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="696 - 701" refId="ref112668" refString="BICKHARDT H. 1913: 19. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Histeriden. Histeridenstudien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1913: 696 - 701." type="journal article" year="1913">BICKHARDT (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD6020FEB6CC23FE9A" author="BICKHARDT H." box="[375,521,337,356]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref112724" refString="BICKHARDT H. 1916 - 1917: Histeridae. In: WYTSMAN P. (ed.): Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 166 a, b. La Haye, 302 pp." type="book" year="1916">BICKHARDT (1916</bibRefCitation>
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–1917): 81, 102 (partim);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD63B6FEB6CD89FE9A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[737,931,337,356]" page="137" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63B6FEB6CD50FE9A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[737,890,337,356]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="108 - 113" refId="ref120255" refString="REICHARDT A. 1925: Zur Kenntnis der Histeridenfauna der Kirghisensteppe und des Altai. Entomologische Blatter 21: 108 - 113." type="journal article" year="1925">REICHARDT (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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: 137
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD62FCFEB6CA48FE9A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[939,1122,337,356]" page="14" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD62FCFEB6CA6EFE9A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[939,1092,337,356]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref120278" refString="REICHARDT A. 1926: Uber die mit Pachylopus verwandten Arten. Entomologische Blatter 22: 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="1926">REICHARDT (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD61E2FE8BCF51FE81" author="REICHARDT A." box="[181,379,364,383]" page="156" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD61E2FE8BCF7BFE81" author="REICHARDT A." box="[181,337,364,383]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 156
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 334;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD60E7FE8BCCA2FE81" author="PEYERIMHOFF P." box="[432,648,364,383]" page="227" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD60E7FE8BCC76FE81" author="PEYERIMHOFF P." box="[432,604,364,383]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="213 - 228" refId="ref119927" refString="PEYERIMHOFF P. 1936: Les Saprinines Sabulicoles du Nord de l'Afrique (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte 20: 213 - 228." type="journal article" year="1936">PEYERIMHOFF (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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: 227
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD63C6FE8BCDDEFE81" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[657,1012,364,383]" page="112" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63C6FE8BCDE3FE81" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[657,969,364,383]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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: 112
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 242;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD657EFE8BCF36FE67" author="VIENNA P." page="115" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD657EFE8BCEDBFE67" author="VIENNA P." pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref122194" refString="VIENNA P. 1980: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Bologna, Calderini Press, ix + 386 pp." type="book" year="1980">
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<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFF7309CD657EFE8BCA4CFE83" box="[1065,1126,364,383]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
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(1980)
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 115
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, 198;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD6007FE60CFDDFE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[336,503,390,410]" page="108" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD6007FE60CFE6FE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[336,460,390,410]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref118519" refString="MAZUR S. 1984: A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54 (3 - 4): 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1984">MAZUR (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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: 108
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD6357FE60CC82FE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[512,680,390,410]" page="267" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD6357FE60CC57FE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[512,637,390,410]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 267
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD63E7FE60CD42FE67" author="YELAMOS T." box="[688,872,390,410]" page="245" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63E7FE60CD14FE67" author="YELAMOS T." box="[688,830,390,410]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref122718" refString="YELAMOS T. 2002: Coleoptera, Histeridae. In: RAMOS M. A., TERCEDOR J. A, BELLES-ROS X., GOSAL- BEZ-NOGUERA J., SIERRA A. G., MAYOL E. M., PIERA F. M., MARINO J. S. & GONZALEZ J. T. (eds.): Fauna Iberica. Vol. 17. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSCI, Madrid, 411 pp." type="book" year="2002">YÉLAMOS (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 340;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF7309CD62CBFE60CA6EFE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[924,1092,390,410]" page="101" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD62CBFE60CA33FE67" author="MAZUR S." box="[924,1049,390,410]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="68 - 102" refId="ref118682" refString="MAZUR S. 2004: Family Histeridae. Pp. 68 - 102. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 942 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">MAZUR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 101
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF7309CD61C0FE55CF94FC14" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FE55CA68FD54" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FE55CF26FE34" bold="true" box="[151,268,434,458]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle dark brown with bronze to greenish hue; frontal disc smooth or laterally with vaguely impressed rugae, frontal stria straight or slightly curved outwardly (occasionally interrupted); eyes flattened, invisible from above. Pronotal foveae absent, disc shallowly punctate; pronotal hypomeron setose; dorsal elytral striae 1–4 almost reaching elytral apex; elytral epipleuron setose. Pre-apical foveae large and deep, both sets of prosternal striae present; lateral discs of ventrites and all visible abdominal sternites setose. Outer margin of protibia with three large distal triangular teeth topped with large triangular rounded denticle, followed by 5 short proximal denticles; claws of meso- and metatarsomeres long, almost straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FD55CF94FC14" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FD55CFB8FD34" bold="true" box="[151,402,690,714]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD60CFFD54CC33FD34" authorityName=": MARSEUL" authorityYear="1864" box="[408,537,691,714]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD60CFFD54CC33FD34" box="[408,537,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only genus of the Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD62CCFD55CA27FD34" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[923,1037,690,714]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has almost complete dorsal elytral striae 1–4, stopping short of elytral apex. Judging from its general appearance it could be confused with the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD63B7FD14CD7DFCF4" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[736,855,755,778]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD63B7FD14CD7DFCF4" box="[736,855,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6220FD14CDDAFCF4" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[887,1008,755,778]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6220FD14CDDAFCF4" box="[887,1008,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from them by the almost complete dorsal elytral striae; furthermore it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6545FCF4CEE9FCB4" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6545FCF4CEE9FCB4" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the present, well developed pre-apical foveae (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD621CFCD4CDE9FCB4" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[843,963,819,842]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD621CFCD4CDE9FCB4" box="[843,963,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), setose elytral epipleuron (glabrous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD60C4FCB4CC21FC94" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[403,523,851,874]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD60C4FCB4CC21FC94" box="[403,523,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as the differently shaped prosternum (knife-like, strongly compressed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD60CCFC94CC39FC74" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[411,531,883,906]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD60CCFC94CC39FC74" box="[411,531,883,906]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the differently shaped protibia. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD62BAFC94CA4CFC74" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[1005,1126,883,906]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD62BAFC94CA4CFC74" box="[1005,1126,883,906]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it likewise differs by the length of dorsal elytral striae, as well as by the shape of protibia, frontal disc (with elongate rugae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6345FC54CCA1FC34" authorityName=", MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[530,651,947,970]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6345FC54CCA1FC34" box="[530,651,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Exaesiopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and almost glabrous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD62DEFC54CA20FC34" authorityName=": MARSEUL" authorityYear="1864" box="[905,1034,947,970]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD62DEFC54CA20FC34" box="[905,1034,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the glabrous elytral epipleuron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF7309CD61C0FC15CC3FFBB4" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FC15CC3FFBB4" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FC15CEDEFBF4" bold="true" box="[151,244,1010,1034]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Both species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6349FC14CCB5FBF4" authorityName=": MARSEUL" authorityYear="1864" box="[542,671,1011,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6349FC14CCB5FBF4" box="[542,671,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typical inhabitants of the desert areas and shifting sands, often found on carrion, usually together with the other psammophilous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD61C0FBD5CF23FBB4" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,265,1074,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lackner, pers. observ.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF7309CD61C0FBB5CF88FAD4" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FBB5CD64FB14" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FBB5CF03FB94" bold="true" box="[151,297,1106,1130]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus has two Palaearctic representatives:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD624AFBB4CDC6FB94" authorityName=": GANGLBAUER" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[797,1004,1107,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD624AFBB4CDC6FB94" box="[797,1004,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus tridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jacquelin- Duval, 1852) distributed from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FF7309CD6350FB95CCACFB74" box="[519,646,1138,1162]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago and Canary Islands through the Sahara Belt along the Mediterranean coasts as far as the Arabian Peninsula; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6292FB74CD35FB34" authority="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976)" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aralocaspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6292FB74CA4DFB54" box="[965,1127,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">X. aralocaspius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD61C0FB55CF5DFB34" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[151,375,1202,1226]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">
|
||
Kryzhanovskij,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFF7309CD6015FB55CF5DFB34" box="[322,375,1202,1226]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0190399999999995" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" unit="in" value="1976.0">1976</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD60CDFB55CD35FB34" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[410,799,1202,1226]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurring around the Caspian and Aral Seas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD606DFB35CC87FB14" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[314,685,1234,1258]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63EFFB35CD68FB14" author="MAZUR S." box="[696,834,1234,1258]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FB16CF88FAD4" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FB16CF41FAF4" bold="true" box="[151,363,1265,1290]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Species examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD6022FB14CDAAFAF4" authority="Kryzhanovskij, 1976" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT" authorityYear="1976" box="[373,896,1266,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aralocaspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD6022FB14CCA7FAF4" box="[373,653,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus aralocaspius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD63C0FB15CDAAFAF4" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[663,896,1266,1290]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">Kryzhanovskij, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD62D8FB14CFB4FAD4" authority="(Jacquelin-Duval, 1852)" authorityName=": GANGLBAUER" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD62D8FB14CA4CFAF4" box="[911,1126,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Xenonychus tridens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF7309CD61C9FAF5CFBCFAD4" author="JACQUELIN-DUVAL M." box="[158,406,1298,1322]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" pagination="695 - 718" refId="ref115897" refString="JACQUELIN-DUVAL M. 1852: Descriptions de deux genres nouveaux et de plusieurs especes nouvelles de Coleo / pteres propers a la faune francaise. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 10: 695 - 718." type="journal article" year="1852">Jacquelin-Duval, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF7309CD61C0FAD5CC48F9F4" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FF7309CD61C0FAD5CC48F9F4" blockId="228.[151,1128,434,1546]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61C0FAD5CF3EFAB4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1330,1354]" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon is probably sister to the most derived ‘grade’ of Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD62B8FAD5CA4EFAB4" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1007,1124,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD61B1FAB4CF6CFA94" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[230,326,1363,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Philothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD61B1FAB4CF6CFA94" box="[230,326,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Philothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD602AFAB4CC30FA94" authorityName=": OLEXA" authorityYear="1990" box="[381,538,1363,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Ctenophilothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF7309CD602AFAB4CC30FA94" box="[381,538,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="228" pageNumber="225">Ctenophilothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as indicated by the results of the preliminary cladistic analysis (LACKNER, in prep.). It is probably a monophyletic taxon supported by several putative synapomorphies: almost complete dorsal elytral striae, large, well-developed pre-apical foveae, but these characters might be also plesiomorphies. Setose underside of the body, shape of protibia and flattened eyes are possible homoplasies that have little informativness for the phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF7309CD602FFA15CFC0F9F4" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[376,490,1522,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="228" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |