263 lines
38 KiB
XML
263 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4ABE5DBF17F7BA8D198E14E1483248FB">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FFB982297CA9FC77FE14FA90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823138" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FFB982297CA9FC77FE14FA90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FFB982297CA9FC77FE14FA90" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB9822A7CA9FC77FA8DFC57" box="[962,1305,942,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7CA9FC77FA8DFC57" blockId="5.[962,1305,942,999]" box="[962,1305,942,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFFB9822A7CA9FC77FA8DFC57" bold="true" box="[962,1305,942,965]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB9822A7CA9FC77FA8DFC57" authority="Schaus, 1923" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1923" box="[962,1305,942,965]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Beebea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guglielmi" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7CA9FC77FA8DFC57" bold="true" box="[962,1305,942,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7CA9FC77FB15FC57" bold="true" box="[962,1153,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Beebea guglielmi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7BECFC77FA8DFC57" author="Schaus W." box="[1159,1305,942,965]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica 5" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="22 - 48" part="2" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pl." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1923">Schaus, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB9822A7B7AFC17FB5FFC75" box="[1041,1227,974,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7B7AFC17FB5FFC75" blockId="5.[962,1305,942,999]" box="[1041,1227,974,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB9822A7B7AFC17FBFBFC75" box="[1041,1135,974,999]" captionStart="Figs 1 - 8" captionStartId="7.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1353,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1392,257,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1 - 8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1) Agathodes designalis ♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17. iv. 2002, MHNG. (2, 3) Agathodes galapagensis. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (4 - 6) Asciodes quietalis. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 4. iii. 1992, MHNG. (7, 8) Beebea guglielmi. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14. iv. 1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2. x. 1906, CAS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB9822A7B10FC17FB0CFC77" box="[1147,1176,974,997]" captionStart="Figs 95 - 97" captionStartId="31.[151,192,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,257,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,257,1611]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 95 - 97. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (95) Beebea guglielmi: slide BMNH Pyr 21172, Santa Cruz, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (96) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6070. (97) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8957, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">95</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB9822A7BC8FC16FB5FFC75" box="[1187,1227,975,999]" captionStart="Figs 138 - 142" captionStartId="61.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[181,1398,259,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[167,1430,254,1908]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figs 138 - 142. Female genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, not to scale. (138) Agathodes designalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8660, Santa Cruz. (139) A. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8659. (140) Asciodes quietalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8961, Isabela. (141) Beebea guglielmi: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6053, Santa Cruz. (142) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6088, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162880/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">141</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB9822A7C54FBDDFB86FBE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7C54FBDDFB86FBE3" blockId="5.[831,1437,1028,1137]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FFB9822A7C54FBDDFB86FBE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB9822A7C54FBDDFB03FB8B" authority="Schaus, 1923: 46" authorityName="Schaus" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1923" box="[831,1175,1028,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Beebea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guglielmi" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54FBDDFC7CFB8B" box="[831,1000,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Beebea guglielmi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFB9822A7C85FBDDFB03FB8B" author="Schaus W." box="[1006,1175,1028,1050]" page="46" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" year="1923">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7C85FBDDFBE6FB88" author="Schaus W." box="[1006,1138,1028,1050]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica 5" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="22 - 48" part="2" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pl." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1923">Schaus, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 46
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. ‒
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFB9822A7BD8FBDDFA0DFB8B" author="Parkin P. & Parkin, D. T. & Ewing A. W. & Ford H. A." box="[1203,1433,1028,1050]" page="105" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" year="1972">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7BD8FBDDFAFDFB88" author="Parkin P. & Parkin, D. T. & Ewing A. W. & Ford H. A." box="[1203,1385,1028,1050]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="100 - 107" part="48" refString="Parkin P., Parkin, D. T., Ewing A. W., Ford H. A. 1972. A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galapagos Islands Expedition, 1968. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 100 - 107." title="A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galapagos Islands Expedition, 1968" type="journal article" year="1972">
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Parkin
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7B93FBDCFABDFB8B" box="[1272,1321,1028,1050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 1972
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 105
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. ‒
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFB9822A7CF6FBFBFB54FBA5" author="Linsley E. G. & Usinger R. L." box="[925,1216,1058,1079]" page="162" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7CF6FBFBFB04FBA5" author="Linsley E. G. & Usinger R. L." box="[925,1168,1058,1079]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series. 33" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="113 - 196" part="7" refString="Linsley E. G., Usinger R. L. 1966. Insects of the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series. 33 (7): 113 - 196." title="Insects of the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1966">Linsley & Usinger, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 162
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. ‒
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFB9822A7BB7FBFBFA13FBA5" author="Linsley E. G." box="[1244,1415,1058,1079]" page="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7BB7FBFBFAF7FBA5" author="Linsley E. G." box="[1244,1379,1058,1079]" journalOrPublisher="Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 50" part="125" refString="Linsley E. G. 1977. Insects of the Galapagos (Supplement). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences 125: 1 - 50." title="Insects of the Galapagos (Supplement)" type="journal article" year="1977">Linsley, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 37
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. ‒ Perry & de
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFB9822A7B6AFBE6FB33FBC6" author="Perry R. & de Vries T." box="[1025,1191,1087,1109]" page="145" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" year="2003">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7B6AFBE6FBE2FBC7" author="Perry R. & de Vries T." box="[1025,1142,1087,1109]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="141 - 164" part="71" refString="Perry R., de Vries T. 2003. Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 71: 141 - 164." title="Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="2003">Vries, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 145
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, 146. ‒
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7B92FBE6FB9AFBE3" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB9822A7C54FB40FAA4FA24" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7C54FB40FB83FB22" blockId="5.[831,1437,1177,1462]" box="[831,1047,1177,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFFB9822A7C54FB40FB83FB22" bold="true" box="[831,1047,1177,1200]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" reason="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54FB40FB83FB22" bold="true" box="[831,1047,1177,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7C54FB60FBA4FB40" blockId="5.[831,1437,1177,1462]" box="[831,1072,1209,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54FB60FC35FB42" box="[831,929,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFB9822A7C54FB60FC35FB42" box="[831,929,1209,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFB9822A7CC4FB63FC57FB43" box="[943,963,1210,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">♂</specimenCount>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7CB9FB63FBB1FB40" box="[978,1061,1210,1234]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7C54FB03FAA4FA24" blockId="5.[831,1437,1177,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54FB03FC61FB60" box="[831,1013,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Other specimens</emphasis>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFB9822A7B6EFB02FBA4FB60" box="[1029,1072,1243,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
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, 4 of undetermined sex from the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB9822A7C54FB23FB9DFA83" box="[831,1033,1274,1297]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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||
: –
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7B47FB23FBEFFA83" box="[1068,1147,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB9822A7B47FB23FBEFFA83" box="[1068,1147,1274,1297]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Isabela</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: Albermarle, Cawley [sic] M[oun]t[ain] [= Alcedo volcano]. –
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7B8FFAC5FA8AFAA1" box="[1252,1310,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Pinta</emphasis>
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||
: Abingdon [no precise locality]. –
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7B37FAE5FB49FAC1" box="[1116,1245,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
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||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB9822A7B37FAE5FB49FAC1" box="[1116,1245,1340,1363]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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||
: Academy Bay; Indefatigable, Charles Darwin Research Station; no precise locality. –
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C97FAA7FBDAFA07" box="[1020,1102,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Santa F</emphasis>
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||
é: no precise locality. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7C32FA47FC39FA24" box="[857,941,1438,1462]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">AMNH</collectionCode>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7CD3FA47FB9FFA27" box="[952,1035,1438,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7B7DFA47FBD8FA24" box="[1046,1100,1438,1462]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">CAS</collectionCode>
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,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7B3CFA47FB0BFA24" box="[1111,1183,1438,1462]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFB9822A7BBCFA47FAB8FA24" box="[1239,1324,1438,1462]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB9822A7C54FA14FB44F958" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB9822A7C54FA14FB44F958" blockId="5.[831,1436,1485,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54FA14FC2CFA76" bold="true" box="[831,952,1485,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Unlike any other Spilomelinae species, either from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB9822A7C90FA34FBF9F996" box="[1019,1133,1517,1540]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
or the rest of the World, by virtue of the large size [
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFB9822A7B15F9D7FB45F9B4" box="[1150,1233,1550,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFB9822A7C54F9F7FC35F9D7" box="[831,929,1582,1605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFB9822A7CDFF9F6FB9CF9D5" box="[948,1032,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
|
||
for the ‘largest female specimen’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7C2CF996FC69F9FA" author="Williams F. X." box="[839,1021,1615,1640]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)], brown wings with darker brown waved transverse lines, labial palpi projecting forward beyond head as much as length of head, and strongly bipectinate male antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB9822A7B08F968FB56F958" box="[1123,1218,1713,1738]" captionStart="Figs 1 - 8" captionStartId="7.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1353,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1392,257,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1 - 8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1) Agathodes designalis ♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17. iv. 2002, MHNG. (2, 3) Agathodes galapagensis. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (4 - 6) Asciodes quietalis. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 4. iii. 1992, MHNG. (7, 8) Beebea guglielmi. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14. iv. 1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2. x. 1906, CAS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB982297C54F939FDE8FEE8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB982297C54F939FDE8FEE8" blockId="5.[831,1437,1760,2078]" lastBlockId="6.[151,757,258,380]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54F939FC0BF965" bold="true" box="[831,927,1760,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7CC0F939FBF5F96B" author="Williams F. X." box="[939,1121,1760,1785]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports that larvae feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB9822A7C54F8DBFC03F88B" box="[831,919,1794,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C54F8DBFC03F88B" box="[831,919,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus with 14 species in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB9822A7A41F8D8FA08F88A" box="[1322,1436,1793,1816]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Jaramillo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7CD6F8FBFB5DF8AB" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." box="[957,1225,1826,1850]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz & Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7B88F8FBFA09F8A8" author="Williams F. X." box="[1251,1437,1826,1850]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also offers a brief description of the solitary and boring mature larva and states that when it is done feeding it spins a cocoon some
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFB9822A7B47F85AFB08F809" box="[1068,1180,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33-35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long along one side of the cactus plant, covering it with available material such as cactus spines and lichens for camouflage purposes. Perry & de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB9822A7CD7F83CFBD7F86C" author="Perry R. & de Vries T." box="[956,1091,2021,2046]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" pagination="141 - 164" part="71" refString="Perry R., de Vries T. 2003. Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 71: 141 - 164." title="Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="2003">Vries (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report that larvae found feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB9822A7C0DF7DEFB12F78C" authority="Stewart" authorityName="Stewart" box="[870,1158,2054,2078]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB9822A7C0DF7DEFBBCF78F" box="[870,1064,2054,2078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="320">Opuntia insularis</emphasis>
|
||
Stewart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the crater of Darwin volcano on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297E7DFEDBFEF6FE8B" box="[278,354,258,281]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFBA82297E01FEDBFE3FFE8B" box="[362,427,258,281]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
were referable to this species. Moths have been collected in January, February, April, June, and September to December (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297D55FE9AFD64FEC9" author="Williams F. X." box="[574,752,323,347]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Perry & de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297E79FEBAFE05FEEE" author="Perry R. & de Vries T." box="[274,401,355,380]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="141 - 164" part="71" refString="Perry R., de Vries T. 2003. Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 71: 141 - 164." title="Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="2003">Vries, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; museum specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297FFCFE4BFE5BFD3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297FFCFE4BFE5BFD3E" blockId="6.[151,756,402,684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297FFCFE4BFEBBFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,303,402,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297D73FE4BFD1AFE3B" box="[536,654,402,425]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it was described from Chatham (=
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297EB1FE6DFDE1FE58" box="[474,629,435,460]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFBA82297EB1FE6DFDE1FE58" box="[474,629,435,460]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and apart from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFBA82297F97FE0AFECDFE78" box="[252,345,467,490]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
I have examined specimens collected on the islands of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297E38FE2AFE35FD98" box="[339,417,499,522]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297EC5FE2DFDB3FD9E" box="[430,551,500,524]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297D08FE2DFD55FD9E" box="[611,705,500,524]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see also Perry & de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297E22FDCDFE5DFDBF" author="Perry R. & de Vries T." box="[329,457,532,557]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="141 - 164" part="71" refString="Perry R., de Vries T. 2003. Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 71: 141 - 164." title="Notes on the distribution and breeding biology of Galapagos Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="2003">Vries, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297EB7FDCDFD18FDBF" author="Williams F. X." box="[476,652,532,557]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports it as well from Abingdon, Bindloe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297D68FDEDFF4FFDFF" authority="Islet, Duncan, James" authorityName="Islet, Duncan, James" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Daphne Islet, Duncan, James</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and South Seymour islands, now respectively called Pinta,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297E51FDACFDFDFD1E" authority="Daphne Minor" authorityName="Daphne Minor" box="[314,617,629,652]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Marchena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marchena, Daphne Minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(probably), Pinzón,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297F84FD4CFEDBFD3E" box="[239,335,661,684]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Baltra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297FFCFD1CFE14FA90" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297FFCFD1CFE14FA90" blockId="6.[151,757,709,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297FFCFD1CFE9CFD4F" bold="true" box="[151,264,709,733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
I have not been able to collect this species despite several months of work on the islands on which it has been recorded in the past, although it comes to light and that was my favoured method of collecting. Hence, I suspect that it may have suffered a population decline. The specimen examined from Albermarle (=
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297FFCFC5EFF73FC0C" box="[151,231,903,926]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Cawley [sic] Mountain, was collected by F.X. Williams during the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297EEDFC7EFE67FC2C" box="[390,499,935,958]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Academy of Sciences Expedition to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297EEAFC1EFDC1FC4C" box="[385,597,967,990]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FFBA82297DF8FC1EFD64FC4C" box="[659,752,967,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" value="1905" valueMax="1906">1905-06</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297FFCFC31FED3FB93" author="Williams F. X." box="[151,327,1000,1025]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refers to Cowley Mountain, on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297DC9FC31FD64FC6D" box="[674,752,1000,1023]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which is an older name for Alcedo volcano (see for example http://www.galapagos.to/TEXTS/SLEVIN. HTM). I suspect that the food plant of the larvae reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297E70FBB0FE5FFB10" author="Williams F. X." box="[283,459,1129,1154]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 4" part="7" refString="Williams F. X. 1930. Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7 (1): 1 - 4." title="Beebea guglielmi Schaus, a pyralid moth borer of the Opuntia cactus in the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297E99FBB3FDDDFB13" box="[498,585,1130,1153]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297E99FBB3FDDDFB13" box="[498,585,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may also refer to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297F9AFB53FEF4FB30" box="[241,352,1162,1186]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a family represented by 18 genera in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297FA8FB73FEA0FB53" box="[195,308,1194,1217]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Jaramillo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFBA82297EDCFB72FD20FB53" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." box="[439,692,1194,1219]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz & Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297FB1FB13FEBCFB73" box="[218,296,1226,1249]" captionStart="Figs 95 - 97" captionStartId="31.[151,192,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,257,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,257,1611]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 95 - 97. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (95) Beebea guglielmi: slide BMNH Pyr 21172, Santa Cruz, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (96) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6070. (97) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8957, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162865/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
|
||
) and female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297ED0FB13FD82FB71" box="[443,534,1226,1251]" captionStart="Figs 138 - 142" captionStartId="61.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[181,1398,259,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[167,1430,254,1908]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figs 138 - 142. Female genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, not to scale. (138) Agathodes designalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8660, Santa Cruz. (139) A. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8659. (140) Asciodes quietalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8961, Isabela. (141) Beebea guglielmi: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6053, Santa Cruz. (142) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6088, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162880/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
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) genitalia are shown here for the first time.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |