588 lines
70 KiB
XML
588 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="DC9D5FE4CAE9C7BE5450A686D39C695B" ID-CLB-Dataset="32191" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4318.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eaaf3adf-1e6a-42ab-a897-185fee897faf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="885646" ID-ZooBank="842C7069-Da18-473C-A745-38E5E545Cefe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504680242553" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="El-Hennawy, Hisham K." docDate="2017" docId="03EA879CFFE2806C20C0F89989F0F9AB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4318.1.12.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4318 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oxyrrhexis carbonator 1807" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="193" masterDocId="FFD3FFE4FFE0806A2057FFEB8B0AF85F" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Oxyrrhexis Foerster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae, Ephialtini) for the fauna of Egypt, with an unexpected new host record" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1698467901513" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9D83D87AECE48BB6BCC709FEC275A6D7">First record of the genus Oxyrrhexis Foerster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae, Ephialtini) for the fauna of Egypt, with an unexpected new host record</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAA7F786EF89D627BEBE87CF6064AFFF">El-Hennawy, Hisham K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1988E712D8BF4419B784EB93348BD9A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C7AA69278B91F01805D2206C0B66D906">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA879CFFE2806C20C0F89989F0F9AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133186259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA879CFFE2806C20C0F89989F0F9AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA879CFFE2806C20C0F89989F0F9AB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE2806820C0F8998A55FFF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE2806820C0F89989A4FFD2" blockId="2.[151,686,1906,1966]" box="[151,686,1906,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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<heading id="D0B481E6FFE2806820C0F89989A4FFD2" bold="true" box="[151,686,1906,1933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE2806820C0F89989A4FFD2" ID-CoL="4BK3V" authority="(Gravenhorst, 1807)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1807" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[151,686,1906,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE2806820C0F89989A4FFD2" bold="true" box="[151,686,1906,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE2806820C0F8998AA0FFD3" bold="true" box="[151,426,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Oxyrrhexis carbonator</emphasis>
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(Gravenhorst, 1807)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE2806820C0F87E8A55FFF1" blockId="2.[151,686,1906,1966]" box="[151,351,1941,1966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE2806820C8F87E8BEDFFF2" box="[159,231,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5. Cocoon formation by last larval instar; 6. Pupa of O. carbonator; 7. Lateral habius of female O. carbonator; 8. Lateral habitus of female Polysphincta velata (type) (ZSM-HYM- 000001) by Stefan Schmidt (Munich)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE2806820A4F87D8A08FFF1" box="[243,258,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 - 11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 - 11. O. carbonator, ♀: 9. Fore wing; 10. Hind wing (part); 11. Dorsal view of metasoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">9</figureCitation>
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¯12a, b)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE2806920C0F8358936F955" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE2806820C0F835892AFFAC" blockId="2.[151,544,2013,2035]" box="[151,544,2013,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5311A4FFE2806820C0F835892AFFAC" box="[151,544,2013,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE2806820C0F8358916FFAC" authority="Hartig, 1838: 262" authorityName="Hartig" authorityPageNumber="262" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,540,2013,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE2806820C0F8358A55FFAC" box="[151,351,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Polysphincta velata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE2109BFFE280682132F8368916FFAC" author="Hartig" box="[357,540,2013,2035]" page="262" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1838">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE280682132F8368AE3FFAC" author="Hartig" box="[357,489,2013,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" refString="Hartig, T. (1838) Uber den Raupenfrass im Konigl. Charlottenburger Forste unferu Berlin, wahrend des Sommers 1837. Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde, 1, 246 - 274." type="journal article" year="1838">Hartig, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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: 262
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE3806920C0FF728AF7F8F1" blockId="3.[151,689,152,266]" box="[151,509,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5311A4FFE3806920C0FF728AF7F8F1" box="[151,509,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE3806920C0FF728AF3F8F1" authority="Fonscolombe, 1854: 516" authorityName="Fonscolombe" authorityPageNumber="516" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,505,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0FF728BFFF8F2" box="[151,245,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">P. pusilla</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE2109BFFE3806920ACFF738AF3F8F1" author="Fonscolombe" box="[251,505,152,174]" page="516" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" year="1854">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE3806920ACFF738ACCF8F1" author="Fonscolombe" box="[251,454,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Fonscolombe, M. B. de (1854) Ichneumonologie provencale ou catalogue des Ichneumonides qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix, et description des especes inedites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 3 (2), 497 - 520." type="journal article" year="1854">Fonscolombe, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 516
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE3806920C0FF5C8936F955" blockId="3.[151,689,152,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5311A4FFE3806920C0FF5C8936F955" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE3806920C0FF5C8945F893" authority="Schulz, 1906: 103" authorityName="Schulz" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,591,182,204]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonatrix">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0FF5C8A85F893" box="[151,399,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Acrodactyla carbonatrix</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE2109BFFE3806921C1FF5D8945F893" author="Schulz" box="[406,591,182,204]" page="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" year="1906">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE3806921C1FF5D8917F893" author="Schulz" box="[406,541,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Schulz, W. A. (1906) Spolia Hymenopterologica. Paderborn, Junfermann, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59757" type="book" year="1906">Schulz, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 103
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE3806920C0FF3E8A99F8B5" box="[151,403,213,234]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0FF3E8A99F8B5" box="[151,403,213,234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Polysphincta carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
ab.
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||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806921E9FF3D8AF0F8B4" box="[446,506,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">morio</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE2109BFFE380692256FF3E89A7F8B4" author="Hellen" box="[513,685,213,235]" page="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" year="1915">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE380692256FF3E898DF8B4" author="Hellen" box="[513,647,213,235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Hellen, W. (1915) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ichneumoniden Finlands 1. Subfamily Pimplinae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 40 (6), 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1915">Hellén, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE3806920C0FF1F8932F955" authority="Kiss, 1929: 125" authorityName="Kiss" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,568,244,266]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="carbonator" variety="morio">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0FF1F8A28F956" box="[151,290,244,265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">P. carbonator</emphasis>
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||
var.
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||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE380692103FF1F8A9BF956" box="[340,401,244,265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">morio</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE2109BFFE3806921C1FF1F8932F955" author="Kiss" box="[406,568,244,266]" page="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE3806921C1FF1F890CF955" author="Kiss" box="[406,518,244,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Kiss von Zilah, A. (1929) Dritter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der ungarischen und siebenburgischen Ichneumoniden- (Schlupfwespen) Fauna. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaten in Hermannstadt, 79 / 80, 89 - 144." type="journal article" year="1929">Kiss, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 125
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE3806920C0FEDA88A3F9E9" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE3806920C0FEDA88A3F9E9" blockId="3.[151,1437,305,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
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<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CD7FFE3806920C0FEDA88A3F9E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1609374093" collectingDate="2014-04-05" collectingDateMax="2014-04-22" collectingDateMin="2014-04-05" collectionCode="EFC" collectorName="Banana & Ibrahim Zaher & The & Niclas R. & Zoological Museum" country="Egypt" elevation="22" latitude="30.612501" location="Badr district" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.626112" municipality="University of Turku" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0FEDA8A8FF915" bold="true" box="[151,389,305,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE3806921D8FED98ADCF915" box="[399,470,306,330]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD03FFE3806921B3FEDA8902F916" box="[484,520,305,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD03FFE38069224FFEDA8936F916" box="[536,572,305,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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, reared from three titanoecid spiders
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE3806923A7FED98FE7F916" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1008,1261,305,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
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<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806923A7FED98FE7F916" box="[1008,1261,305,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Nurscia albomaculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected from
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<location id="8E9C6051FFE3806920C0FEBE8A2CF931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA879CFFE2806C20C0F89989F0F9AB:8E9C6051FFE3806920C0FEBE8A2CF931" box="[151,294,341,366]" country="Egypt" latitude="30.612501" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.626112" municipality="University of Turku" name="Badr district" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Badr district</location>
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, EL-Beheira Governorate (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE77504DFFE38069220FFEBE89EAF931" box="[600,736,341,366]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" precision="15" value="30.612501">30°36'45"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE77504DFFE3806922BBFEBD8865F931" box="[748,879,342,366]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" precision="15" value="30.626112">30°37'34"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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elevation
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<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE3806923BDFEBD8F2DF931" box="[1002,1063,342,366]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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),
|
||
<collectorName id="26B6535CFFE38069246BFEBD8F9AF932" box="[1084,1168,342,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Banana</collectorName>
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orchard,
|
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<collectingDate id="EFB9E9A2FFE3806924ABFEBE8E6DF931" box="[1276,1383,341,366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" value="2014-04-05">
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<date id="FFFD104AFFE3806924ABFEBE8E6DF931" box="[1276,1383,341,366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" value="2014-04-05">5.iv.2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B6535CFFE3806920C0FE928A33F9CD" box="[151,313,377,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Ibrahim Zaher</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE4FFFE38069211DFE928A89F9CE" box="[330,387,377,401]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12997" name="Escola de Florestas" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">EFC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26B6535CFFE3806921C0FE928AC9F9CD" box="[407,451,377,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">The</collectorName>
|
||
adult wasps emerged from cocoons on 21¯
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB9E9A2FFE3806923F8FE928F27F9CD" box="[943,1069,377,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" value="2014-04-22">
|
||
<date id="FFFD104AFFE3806923F8FE928F27F9CD" box="[943,1069,377,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" value="2014-04-22">22.iv.2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE38069246CFE928F9FF9CD" box="[1083,1173,377,402]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD03FFE3806924F7FE928FC9F9CE" box="[1184,1219,377,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD03FFE380692484FE928FFCF9CE" box="[1235,1270,377,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
received from
|
||
<collectorName id="26B6535CFFE3806920C0FE768BF5F9EA" box="[151,255,413,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Niclas R.</collectorName>
|
||
Fritzén (
|
||
<collectorName id="26B6535CFFE380692133FE768941F9EA" box="[356,587,413,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Zoological Museum</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98ACF0FFE380692201FE76883DF9E9" box="[598,823,413,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">University of Turku</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE380692314FE768894F9E9" box="[835,926,413,438]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE380692090FE2A899BFAA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE380692090FE2A899BFAA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,305,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE380692090FE2A8A4BF985" bold="true" box="[199,321,449,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Body colour greatly varied among the specimens examined, the most obvious of which is the presence of ivory marking at basal part of hind tibia; occipital carina complete; antenna of female with 18¯24 flagellomeres, sometimes reaching 27 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE38069221AFDE2886DFA7E" author="Fritzen" box="[589,871,521,546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while the males have 19-22 flagellomeres; lateral area of pronotum medially and anterior to the epomia smooth and shiny; female fore wing length 3.7¯
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE380692564FDC68E9EFA1A" box="[1331,1428,557,582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
., male 2.7¯4.0 mm; marginal cell of forewing short to relatively long, wing with radius short, nearly straight not reaching wing apex to long, ventrally concave reaching wing apex; hind coxa stout and reddish brown to black with yellow apex; size variable, from very small to medium-sized (5.2¯
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE38069238AFD728F30FAEE" box="[989,1082,665,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female and 3.3¯
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE380692548FD728E76FAEE" box="[1311,1404,665,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male); propodeum nearly smooth; the distal abscissa of hind wing joining cu-a is either equidistant between vein M and 1A or sometimes closer to 1A than to M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE3806E2090FCEE8A99FDCC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE380692090FCEE8FBAFB42" blockId="3.[151,1437,305,798]" box="[199,1200,773,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE380692090FCEE8A53FB41" bold="true" box="[199,345,773,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
FEMALE. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE380692239FCEE89F2FB42" box="[622,760,773,798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.2">5.2‒6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. long; length of fore wing 3.7‒4.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6602FFE3806920C0F82A8FAFFF87" box="[151,1189,1985,2008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885652/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" targetBox="[151,1436,878,1924]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE3806920C0F82A8FAFFF87" blockId="3.[151,1189,1985,2008]" box="[151,1189,1985,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE3806920C0F82A8A4DFF88" bold="true" box="[151,327,1985,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">FIGURES 9-11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE38069211AF8288AD7FF88" box="[333,477,1986,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE38069211AF8288AD7FF88" box="[333,477,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">O. carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀: 9. Fore wing; 10. Hind wing (part); 11. Dorsal view of metasoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FF7388DEF991" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FF738A01F8EF" box="[199,267,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Malar space 0.7 × basal mandibular width, without subocular sulcus; mandible slightly twisted, narrowing towards apex, with two subequal flattened, blunt teeth, upper tooth slightly longer than lower one, base of mandible densely hairy. Clypeus distinctly separated from face by moderately depressed supraclypeal suture. Face quadrate to subquadrate, about as high as broad, slightly convex in profile, with some dispersed fine and short setae and sparsely punctulate. Surface of eye with sparse, short whitish setae especially laterally. Antenna with 18¯20 flagellomeres; F1 5.0 × as long as broad, F2 4.0 × as long as broad. Maxillary palp 4-segmented; labial palp 3-segmented. Ocelli placed in an elevated equilateral ocellar triangle, lateral ocellus separated from eye by more than its own diameter (1.5 ×). Occipital carina sharp, complete, not interrupted medio-dorsally. Posterior margin of eye densely clothed with short, pale setae (when seen from dorsal aspect).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FE31884CFB4F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FE318A35F9AE" box="[199,319,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum laterally with short, stiff setae, smooth and shiny. Mesoscutum densely, shallowly punctate, and clothed with fine pale pubescence, especially antero-laterally; notauli distinct along its upper third, not reaching posterior margin. Mesopleuron anteriorly, dorsally and laterally with fine pale pubescence, otherwise smooth and shiny and depressed in the middle; epicnemial carina extending dorsally beyond ventral corner of pronotum, with its posterior side in the form of irregularly elongated pits. Metapleuron more or less flattened, densely clothed with suberect silvery pubescence, submetapleural carina sharp and complete. Propodeum with two latero-median carinae, area in between smooth and shiny, glabrous, lateral areas with fine, relatively long setae Legs with front tarsal spur long and lanceolate (widened basally and pointed apically); last tarsomere expanded, relatively large; hind coxa stout, about 1.57 × along as broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FCF788E0FB08" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FCF78A00FB6C" box="[199,266,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal cell of fore wing with slightly convex to nearly straight radial vein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E24C5FCF08FD2FB6C" box="[1170,1240,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 - 11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 - 11. O. carbonator, ♀: 9. Fore wing; 10. Hind wing (part); 11. Dorsal view of metasoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 present, joining cu-a closer to 1A than to M (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E23DDFCD588D7FB08" box="[906,989,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 - 11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 - 11. O. carbonator, ♀: 9. Fore wing; 10. Hind wing (part); 11. Dorsal view of metasoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FC888AB6FC71" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FC888A49FB25" box="[199,323,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
All tergites densely coarsely punctate, especially centrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E23BDFC898F37FB24" box="[1002,1085,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 - 11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,878,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9 - 11. O. carbonator, ♀: 9. Fore wing; 10. Hind wing (part); 11. Dorsal view of metasoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), separated by spaces less than puncture diameter especially from T3 and onward. Metasomal T1 about equal in length to its width posteriorly, lateromedian carinae extending to about 0.5 × its length; T2 about 2.0 × as broad as long, lateral sides of T2¯4 weakly biconvex, with moderate grooves between upper and lower corners. Ovipositor about 1.0 × as long as hind tibia, projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.17 × length of hind tibia, more or less straight, tapering from its apical 0.1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E2145FBFE8A62FC71" box="[274,360,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 - 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 - 14. O. carbonator: 12 a, b. Ovipositor (Egyptian specimens, ♀); 13. Lateral view of metasoma and hind leg (European specimen, ♀); 14. Ovipositor (European specimen, ♀)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885654/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 12b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FBD28949FD5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FBD28A11FC0E" box="[199,283,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E2179FBD28A67FC0D" box="[302,365,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5. Cocoon formation by last larval instar; 6. Pupa of O. carbonator; 7. Lateral habius of female O. carbonator; 8. Lateral habitus of female Polysphincta velata (type) (ZSM-HYM- 000001) by Stefan Schmidt (Munich)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Fig.7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body (including antenna) dark brown to black, with palpi, tegula, apical half of fore and middle trochanters, apical third of fore femur, fore tibia and tarsus, basal third of mid tibia, mid trochantellus and apical half of mid trochanter, apex of hind coxa, sub-basal fourth of hind tibia all pale yellow; ovipositor sheath dark brown to black (pale brown to yellowish in one specimen), ovipositor reddish brown. Metasomal sternites whitish to pale yellow. Fore wing hyaline with dark veins, pterostigma dark brown. In one specimen thin posterior margins of metasomal tergites golden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FAE4885CFD78" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,854,1295,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FAE48A11FD77" bold="true" box="[199,283,1295,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">MALE</emphasis>
|
||
: body length 5.0 mm; length of fore wing 3.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FAD88A99FDCC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Resembles female but legs are somewhat paler in colour, apical third of hind tibia pale yellow; legs with fifth tarsomere slender, not expanded; front coxa globular, pale brown, mid and hind coxae entirely dark brown; antenna with 19 flagellomeres.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE4806E2090FA758F2BFE35" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090FA758F2BFE35" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090FA758A6AFDE8" bold="true" box="[199,352,1438,1463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E213DFA758ACAFDE8" box="[362,448,1438,1463]" name="Austria" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E219AFA75892CFDE8" box="[461,550,1438,1463]" name="Belarus" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Belarus</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2264FA75899CFDE8" box="[563,662,1438,1463]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E22F2FA758802FDE8" box="[677,776,1438,1463]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2342FA758866FDE8" box="[789,876,1438,1463]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, former
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2387FA758F8EFDE8" box="[976,1156,1438,1463]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Czechoslovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E24C5FA758FF7FDE8" box="[1170,1277,1438,1463]" name="Denmark" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E255CFA758E35FDE8" box="[1291,1343,1438,1463]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2519FA758E92FDE8" box="[1358,1432,1438,1463]" name="Latvia" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Latvia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E20C0FA298A0FFD84" box="[151,261,1474,1499]" name="Lithuania" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2145FA298A70FD84" box="[274,378,1474,1499]" name="Moldova" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Moldova</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E21D0FA298AFDFD84" box="[391,503,1474,1499]" name="Mongolia" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2253FA2989C9FD84" box="[516,707,1474,1499]" name="Netherlands" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2287FA29882BFD84" box="[720,801,1474,1499]" name="Poland" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2379FA29889CFD84" box="[814,918,1474,1499]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E23F4FA2988FAFD84" box="[931,1008,1474,1499]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E23A9FA298F4BFD84" box="[1022,1089,1474,1499]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E241AFA298F94FD84" box="[1101,1182,1474,1499]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E24FCFA298FECFD85" box="[1195,1254,1474,1498]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E24A4FA298E47FD84" box="[1267,1357,1474,1499]" name="Ukraine" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2509FA298BFCFDA1" author="Yu" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E25DFFA288BBEFDA1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E215EFA0D8A6CFDA0" box="[265,358,1510,1535]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2122FA0D8AFDFDA1" author="Shaw" box="[373,503,1510,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Shaw, M. (1998) British Steatoda Watch. Newsletter of the British arachnological Society, 83, 5." type="journal article" year="1998">Shaw 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2255FA0C89A8FDA1" author="Yu" box="[514,674,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E227FFA0C896AFDA1" box="[552,608,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E22FAFA0D883EFDA0" author="Broad" box="[685,820,1510,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Broad, G. R. (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera-Ichneumonidae. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, 1 - 647. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / bdj. 4. e 9042" type="journal article" year="2016">Broad 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2310FA0D8897FDA0" box="[839,925,1510,1535]" name="Finland" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E23FCFA0D8F3DFDA0" author="Hellen" box="[939,1079,1510,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Hellen, W. (1915) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ichneumoniden Finlands 1. Subfamily Pimplinae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 40 (6), 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1915">Hellén 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E240CFA0C8E64FDA1" authorityName="Kiss" authorityYear="1929" box="[1115,1390,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="carbonator" variety="morio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E240CFA0C8FFEFDA1" box="[1115,1268,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">P. carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E257CFA0C8E64FDA1" box="[1323,1390,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">morio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E252AFA0C8A17FE7D" author="Yu" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E20C0F9E18BDFFE7E" box="[151,213,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E217AF9E28952FE7D" author="Fritzen" box="[301,600,1545,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2226F9E189B7FE7E" box="[625,701,1546,1569]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2286F9E288A5FE7D" author="Fonscolombe" box="[721,943,1545,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Fonscolombe, M. B. de (1854) Ichneumonologie provencale ou catalogue des Ichneumonides qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix, et description des especes inedites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 3 (2), 497 - 520." type="journal article" year="1854">Fonscolombe 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E2388F9E28FC3FE7E" authorityName="Fonscolombe" authorityYear="1854" box="[991,1225,1545,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2388F9E28FC3FE7E" box="[991,1225,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Polysphincta pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2489F9E18E9AFE7D" author="Yu" box="[1246,1424,1545,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E255DF9E18E4DFE7E" box="[1290,1351,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E20C0F9C58BF5FE19" box="[151,255,1582,1606]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2158F9C68994FE1A" author="Hartig" box="[271,670,1581,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Hartig, T. (1838) Uber den Raupenfrass im Konigl. Charlottenburger Forste unferu Berlin, wahrend des Sommers 1837. Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde, 1, 246 - 274." type="journal article" year="1838">
|
||
Hartig 1838 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E2197F9C68994FE1A" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1838" box="[448,670,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2197F9C68994FE1A" box="[448,670,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Polysphincta velata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E22E0F9C58813FE19" box="[695,793,1582,1606]" name="Hungary" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E237EF9C68896FE19" author="Kiss" box="[809,924,1581,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Kiss von Zilah, A. (1929) Dritter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der ungarischen und siebenburgischen Ichneumoniden- (Schlupfwespen) Fauna. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaten in Hermannstadt, 79 / 80, 89 - 144." type="journal article" year="1929">Kiss 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E2393F9C58FD1FE1A" authorityName="Kiss" authorityYear="1929" box="[964,1243,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="carbonator" variety="morio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2393F9C58F54FE1A" box="[964,1118,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">P. carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E24CFF9C58FD1FE1A" box="[1176,1243,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">morio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E24BCF9C58E85FE19" author="Yu" box="[1259,1423,1581,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2545F9C58E46FE1A" box="[1298,1356,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E20C0F9B98BF8FE35" box="[151,242,1618,1642]" name="Norway" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E20AAF9BA8A5CFE35" box="[253,342,1617,1642]" name="Sweden" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2133F9BA890CFE36" author="Yu" box="[356,518,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E21DBF9B98ACEFE36" box="[396,452,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2245F9BA8827FE36" author="Fritzen" box="[530,813,1617,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2317F9B98889FE35" box="[832,899,1618,1642]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(new record).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE4806E2090F99F880EFF1F" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090F99F880EFF1F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090F99F8A68FED2" bold="true" box="[199,354,1652,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Host record:</emphasis>
|
||
In the present study the wasp specimens are found to be a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of the titanoecid spider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E2136F9728955FEEF" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[353,607,1688,1712]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2136F9728955FEEF" box="[353,607,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Nurscia albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The young larva develops in a transverse position at the front of the spider's opisthosoma just behind the pedicel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E22CFF95789F5FE8A" box="[664,767,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 - 4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[270,1326,1055,2003]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[270,1326,1055,2003]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 - 4. Developmental larval stages of Oxyrrhexis carbonator on Nurscia albomaculata spider." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885648/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Figs 1‒4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spider remains alive as the parasitoid larva develops, then it is killed and consumed by the larva before pupation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE4806E231FF93488BAFEA7" box="[840,944,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,625,1559]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 - 8. 5. Cocoon formation by last larval instar; 6. Pupa of O. carbonator; 7. Lateral habius of female O. carbonator; 8. Lateral habitus of female Polysphincta velata (type) (ZSM-HYM- 000001) by Stefan Schmidt (Munich)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mode of parasitism here is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E20B2F8EF8A8FFF43" box="[229,389,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E20B2F8EF8A8FFF43" box="[229,389,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">O. carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E21ECF8EF8879FF43" authority="(Fritzen & Fjellberg 2014)" authorityName="Fritzen & Fjellberg" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Fritzen & Fjellberg" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[443,883,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E21ECF8EF894BFF43" box="[443,577,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">O. zephyrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2218F8E88861FF43" author="Fritzen" box="[591,875,1795,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The hosts of the two Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E249FF8EF8E4EFF43" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1869" box="[1224,1348,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E249FF8EF8E4EFF43" box="[1224,1348,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Oxyrrhexis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E2170F8CC8AD8FF1F" author="Liu" box="[295,466,1831,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Liu, J. - X., He, J. - H. & Chen, X. - X. (2009) Revision of the genus Oxyrrhexis Foerster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from China. Annales Zoologici, 50 (2), 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2100F8C38A85FF60" box="[343,399,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E218BF8CC89F2FF1F" author="Fritzen" box="[476,760,1831,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE4806E2090F8A78914FFAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE4806E2090F8A78914FFAD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E2090F8A78ACEFF3C" ID-CoL="74CMF" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[199,452,1867,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E2090F8A78ACEFF3C" box="[199,452,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Nurscia albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the first spider record not only for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E23DEF8A08F84FF3C" ID-CoL="4BK3V" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[905,1166,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E23DEF8A08F84FF3C" box="[905,1166,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Oxyrrhexis carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also for the whole
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E20C0F8848A35FFD8" box="[151,319,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Polysphinctina</emphasis>
|
||
genus-group. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E2252F89B8941FFD7" box="[517,587,1904,1928]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E220FF89B881FFFD8" ID-CoL="74CMF" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[600,789,1903,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E220FF89B881FFFD8" box="[600,789,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">N. albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F868FFE4806E2466F8858FBBFFD8" box="[1073,1201,1902,1927]" country="Egypt" name="Al Iskandariyah" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Alexandria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F868FFE4806E24E9F8858FF6FFD8" box="[1214,1276,1902,1927]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E255AF8858BD9FFF4" author="El-Hennawy" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="El-Hennawy, H. K. (2006) A list of Egyptian spiders (revised in 2006). Serket, 10 (2), 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="2006">El-Hennawy 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F868FFE4806E2128F8798AB3FFF4" box="[383,441,1938,1963]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Sinai</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Ain Gudeirat), Shebin El-Kom (Menoufiya), Al-Kanater (El-Qalyubia), Ras El-Barr (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F868FFE4806E20C9F85D8A93FF90" box="[158,409,1974,1999]" country="Egypt" name="Dumyat" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Damietta governorate</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE4806E21E5F85D8983FF90" author="El-Hennawy" box="[434,649,1974,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" refString="El-Hennawy, H. K. (2009) Arachnida of Ain Gudeirat (Sinai), with notes on family Titanoecidae in Egypt. Serket, 11 (3 / 4), 110 - 118." type="journal article" year="2009">El-Hennawy 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE4806E22C9F85C8856FF91" ID-CoL="74CMF" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[670,860,1974,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE4806E22C9F85C8856FF91" box="[670,860,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">N. albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from Europe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E242AF85D8FC4FF90" box="[1149,1230,1974,1999]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE4806E248BF85C8E15FF90" box="[1244,1311,1975,1999]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Central Asia (World Spider Catalog 2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE5806C2090FF7C8A68F8A7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE5806F2090FF7C881EF98F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE5806F2090FF7C8A45F8EF" bold="true" box="[199,335,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Body colour varied greatly among the studied specimens even between specimens of the same country, the only similarity between all, the presence of ivory colour at base of hind tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE5806F24D0FF578FD3F88B" box="[1159,1241,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 - 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 - 14. O. carbonator: 12 a, b. Ovipositor (Egyptian specimens, ♀); 13. Lateral view of metasoma and hind leg (European specimen, ♀); 14. Ovipositor (European specimen, ♀)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female and male specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F21C4FF348AE7F8A7" box="[403,493,223,248]" name="Finland" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
: resemble Egyptian specimens but differ in the following: female: body length 7.0 mm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F2084FEEF8A12F943" box="[211,280,260,284]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE5806F2148FEEF8AAEF942" box="[287,420,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.2">5.2‒6.8mm</quantity>
|
||
); fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B6FFFE5806F2279FEEF898CF943" box="[558,646,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F22C2FEEF89D0F943" box="[661,730,260,284]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
3.7‒4.0mm); female forewing 6.0 mm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F24F2FEEF8FE0F943" box="[1189,1258,260,284]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
female 3.7¯4.0 mm); antenna of female with 24 flagellomeres (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F22E9FEC38809F91F" box="[702,771,296,320]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
18‒20 flagellomeres), male with 21 flagellomeres (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F2500FEC38E96F91F" box="[1367,1436,296,320]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
with 19 flagellomeres); ovipositor black with reddish apical third (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F2392FEA78F06F93B" box="[965,1036,332,356]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, reddish along its entire length), ovipositor sheath dark brown to black, dense long setae along its whole length (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F247BFE9B8F7BF9D7" box="[1068,1137,368,392]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
dark brown to paler, with shorter setae along its whole length), ovipositor about 0.7 × hind tibial length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE5806F244AFE7F8F65F9F3" box="[1053,1135,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 - 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 - 14. O. carbonator: 12 a, b. Ovipositor (Egyptian specimens, ♀); 13. Lateral view of metasoma and hind leg (European specimen, ♀); 14. Ovipositor (European specimen, ♀)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354761AFFE5806F24DFFE7F8FC5F9F3" box="[1160,1231,404,428]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, relatively longer, about 1.0 × as long as hind tibial length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A0FFFE5806F2236FE5C89BCF98F" box="[609,694,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 - 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,562,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 - 14. O. carbonator: 12 a, b. Ovipositor (Egyptian specimens, ♀); 13. Lateral view of metasoma and hind leg (European specimen, ♀); 14. Ovipositor (European specimen, ♀)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 12b)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6602FFE5806F20C0F87C8821FF93" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/885654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" targetBox="[151,1436,562,1894]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE5806F20C0F87C8821FF93" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE5806F20C0F87C8A5DFFF3" bold="true" box="[151,343,1943,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">FIGURES 12-14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE5806F2137F8738AFEFFF2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[352,500,1944,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE5806F2137F8738AFEFFF2" box="[352,500,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">O. carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 12a, b. Ovipositor (Egyptian specimens, ♀); 13. Lateral view of metasoma and hind leg (European specimen, ♀); 14. Ovipositor (European specimen, ♀)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE6806C2090FF738A68F8A7" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Because the specimens are rather variable in body colour, size and sometimes in the shape and structure of some body parts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C2130FF578984F88B" author="Fritzen" box="[359,654,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Fritzen, N. R. & Fjellberg, A. (2014) Natural history of Oxyrrhexis zephyrus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Enoplognatha serratosignata (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on taxonomy and other host species of Oxyrrhexis. Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (2), 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2014">Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we consider the above differences to be intraspecific until further future collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596501FFE6806C2090FEEF89F0F9AB" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC368AFFE6806C2090FEEF89F0F9AB" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2090FEEF8AC6F943" ID-CoL="4BK3V" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gravenhorst" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[199,460,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Oxyrrhexis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C2090FEEF8AC6F943" box="[199,460,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Oxyrrhexis carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported as a parasitoid of many spider hosts of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2575FEEF8E92F942" ID-CoL="6MF" box="[1314,1432,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C20C0FECC8A2BF91F" ID-CoL="C44" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,289,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Linyphiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C217AFECC8ADCF91F" ID-CoL="H3F" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1866" box="[301,470,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetragnathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C21B5FECC8969F91F" ID-CoL="H6N" baseAuthorityName="Fritzen & Fjellberg" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[482,611,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C22CCFECC8815F91F" ID-CoL="H7T" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[667,799,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thomisidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C2378FEC38F4DF91F" author="Townes" box="[815,1095,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, and Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (2), 1 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2" type="journal article" year="1960">Townes & Townes 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C2404FECC8FDEF91F" author="Shaw" box="[1107,1236,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Shaw, M. R. (1994) Parasitoid host range. In: Hawkins, B. A. & Sheehan, W. (Eds.), Parasitoid community ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 111 - 144." type="book chapter" year="1994">Shaw 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C24B6FECC8BD9F93A" author="Gauld" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Gauld, I. D. & Dubois, J. (2006) Phylogeny of the Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), a taxonomic revision of spider ectoparasitoids. Systematic Entomology, 31, 529 - 564. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2006.00334. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Gauld & Dubois 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C20B7FEA68A80F93B" author="Yu" box="[224,394,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C215EFEA68A4EF93B" box="[265,324,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and non-spider hosts, examples
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2344FEA78F5CF93A" ID-CoL="NVGY" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[787,1110,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bupalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piniaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C2344FEA788D8F93B" box="[787,978,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Bupalus piniaria</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2430FEA78FFFF93A" ID-CoL="LP" box="[1127,1269,332,357]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2555FEA78E9FF93A" ID-CoL="6247J" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1282,1429,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C20C9FE848A22F9D7" author="Hartig" box="[158,296,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Hartig, T. (1838) Uber den Raupenfrass im Konigl. Charlottenburger Forste unferu Berlin, wahrend des Sommers 1837. Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde, 1, 246 - 274." type="journal article" year="1838">Hartig 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2106FE9B893BF9D7" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1838" box="[337,561,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C2106FE9B893BF9D7" box="[337,561,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Polysphincta velata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C2216FE9B89E2F9D7" author="Yu" box="[577,744,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C223EFE9A89AEF9D7" box="[617,676,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C22AAFE9B8F47F9D7" ID-CoL="79JWJ" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[765,1101,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C22AAFE9B88C0F9D7" box="[765,970,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Saperda populnea</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C240AFE848FD4F9D7" ID-CoL="C2L" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[1117,1246,367,392]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C24BDFE848E9AF9D7" ID-CoL="7VY" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1258,1424,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C20C0FE7F892FF9F2" authority="(Klug)" authorityName="Klug" box="[151,549,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heterarthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C20C0FE7F8ADEF9F3" box="[151,468,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Heterarthrus microcephalus</emphasis>
|
||
(Klug)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2264FE7F89D8F9F3" ID-CoL="HYM" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[563,722,404,428]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C228BFE7F888CF9F2" ID-CoL="GZJ" box="[732,902,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C23CCFE7F8F4AF9F3" author="Yu" box="[923,1088,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Yu, D. S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com (accessed 25 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C2393FE7E88F1F9F3" box="[964,1019,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This wide range of hosts may attributed to the fact that the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C2217FE538851F98F" box="[576,859,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C2217FE538851F98F" box="[576,859,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Polysphincta carbonator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” has been wrongly applied to almost any species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D09FFE6806C217CFE378AB7F9AB" ID-CoL="63P62" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[299,445,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EA98FFE6806C217CFE378AB7F9AB" box="[299,445,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Polysphincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus‒ group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B7BFFE6806C223DFE3789E7F9AB" author="Shaw" box="[618,749,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refString="Shaw, M. R. (1994) Parasitoid host range. In: Hawkins, B. A. & Sheehan, W. (Eds.), Parasitoid community ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 111 - 144." type="book chapter" year="1994">Shaw 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |