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<document id="EC79E9B39E698A6468167418054B4D18" ID-CLB-Dataset="5247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948908" ID-ZooBank="11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702158138" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Meesters, Erik H. W. G. &amp; Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2014" docId="03B487DF1220A772F99C6F63AF27B36D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03878p443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3878 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pachastrella pacoi Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="761CB2C8-58E9-45E4-8E65-D412C837B11F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="410" masterDocId="FF8DFFA71226A77BF90B6821AB2FB758" masterDocTitle="Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="407" updateTime="1699015317828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="E6366176F3C5C86452D65E65A0000966" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DBE65E288B4FBF935141E50CBCD3EC85">
<mods:title id="4FAE7585E5DE52AB4A424A6EFEF5E70E">Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="547FCDB1B90F24C4C4444EA575B718BB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB6EACB52B5AEACC39B2EBEB4E80694E">
<mods:roleTerm id="86DFCFFD462E0F760F6AA14C26A6486C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A08284F80B0A79B7F0BD56FEE1CB13AF">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A676A275620A76185FF5320D06D69646">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A319306CC96BBB857D81FF2B2AA251F8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AA4FC24346F4444E633936D4DCFBC557">
<mods:roleTerm id="264645CB9D4B3C87F45BFF23E18FAF74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="150E4F7730A29706AE33F9FE3BD36574">Meesters, Erik H. W. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5779BA8A5743F298D895206EBA17AABA">Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F925CA520BED59457091665B394420A4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C8AAD79319010BAB4B0A63F9CFFD4EFB">
<mods:roleTerm id="AE39FBBEDCEEFAC33829CC916D157A94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE3D19AAB96CCAAB63B70C8C3AA5FBD3">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ECBC19D718643940C9ED02DA442E8B01">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl &amp; University of California Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management (ESPM), 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 3114, USA. E-mail: lebecking @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="15912E71B2978B955B456C1D738304A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="44BB79AA6D7235A8554B4033F57B7C3C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="694E7F14B68A47D66989F50E7CA0105D">
<mods:title id="24E05F12BCB84DF0870653E8A558D69B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D85DF99647DE33F27DF3504BF43962F9">
<mods:date id="E6ADBBB339B374C140811A828496E1FD">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F49B09C3F3304F6E36F6794F8265793F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="94DDEE22F37CFFE2F87F5120F811A650">2014-10-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1E39F2C50666FFF9BD5C21064DDDA03B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="610ED22A41D526630A53282E15E05411">3878</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="90DCFA61E2C210DE6899D89F64D07121" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FD87B33BD38DA794788D368205111DE2">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="276116D346D8AFBA5109C53546CB5ABA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5048F1FA5B3653B8E810ADDF0CFCCC0F">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EB64104F2D483F733527DD65FCBBA159">443</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="34426DF3172E6F84D8A4F1D761309329">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C56F472B1D531A7656B6F1C66BF87E4F" type="CLB-Dataset">5247</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3DBF0470B2022B585FF9F216F6E9F69B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E2E68FA40A4A9D3534DC0140D17447E4" type="GBIF-Dataset">5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B70FB57B381EA746EC1EE90FF124C046" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A6A2D4501EC211EE48379A5191ECCAD3" type="Zenodo-Dep">4948908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4A553FF61FD53CD5D26C600D7041561E" type="ZooBank">11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B487DF1220A772F99C6F63AF27B36D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183823294" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:761CB2C8-58E9-45E4-8E65-D412C837B11F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487DF1220A772F99C6F63AF27B36D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="410" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<subSubSection id="C30765421220A77DF99C6F63A922B004" box="[151,525,1858,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91220A77DF99C6F63A922B004" blockId="6.[151,525,1858,1917]" box="[151,525,1858,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<heading id="D0EA81A51220A77DF99C6F63A922B004" bold="true" box="[151,525,1858,1884]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1220A77DF99C6F63A922B004" bold="true" box="[151,525,1858,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1220A77DF99C6F63AA59B004" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,374,1858,1884]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1220A77DF99C6F63AA59B004" bold="true" box="[151,374,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pachastrella pacoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A01220A77DF8766F63A922B004" box="[381,525,1858,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421220A77DF99C6F45AA42B025" box="[151,365,1892,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91220A77DF99C6F45AA42B025" blockId="6.[151,525,1858,1917]" box="[151,365,1892,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1220A77DF99C6F45AA05B025" box="[151,298,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-354@7.[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pachastrella pacoi n. sp., habits in situ and on deck, a–b. Holotype RMNH Por. 9255, c–d. Paratype RMNH Por. 9246." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948921/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Figures 4a–d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1220A77DF83D6F45AA42B025" box="[310,365,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">5a–g</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421220A77DF99C6F8CAAE3B0B9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91220A77DF99C6F8CAAE3B0B9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D11E71220A77DF99C6F8CAAE3B0B9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1220A77DF99C6F8CAB8BB09A" box="[151,164,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">?</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D81220A77DF9A16F8DA9DFB09A" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[170,752,1964,1986]" page="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" year="1988">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1220A77DF9A16F8DA9DFB09A" authority="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988: 34" authorityName="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1988" box="[170,752,1964,1986]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1220A77DF9A16F8DAA40B09A" box="[170,367,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pachastrella abyssi</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381220A77DF8BF6F8CA9DFB09A" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[436,752,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988: 34</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5 figs. 3–6, text-fig. 15 (not:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381220A77DFD356F8DAFFBB09A" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1086,1236,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="iii - iv" refId="ref25229" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book chapter" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
, based on
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D81220A77DFC356F8DAA51B0B9" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." page="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381220A77DFC356F8DAA51B0B9" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref22442" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2012) A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species. Zootaxa, 3253, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2012">Cárdenas &amp; Rapp, 2012: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1220A77DF8826FEAAAEBB0B9" box="[393,452,1995,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-94@14.[191,1392,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Caminus carmabi n. sp., a. habit in situ of the paratype RMNH Por. 9249, b. habit on deck of holotype RMNH Por. 9245, c–g. SEM images of the spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9245, c. calthrops, c1. detail of cladus of calthrops, d. strongyle, d1. details of strongyle, e. sterraster, e1. juvenile sterraster, e2. detail of surface of sterraster, f. spherules, g. oxyasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948937/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421221A77CF99C68B6AA94B688" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF99C68B6A9E8B618" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF99C68B6AAAAB7F7" box="[151,389,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF99C68B6AA51B7E8" bold="true" box="[151,382,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941221A77CF89968B6AAB6B7A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559320" collectingDate="2013-06-01" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" elevation="232" latitude="112.08" location="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-68.2938" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" specimenCode="BDR064" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CF89968B6AAD0B7E8" box="[402,511,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1221A77CFB0568B9A94DB7F7" box="[526,610,152,175]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFB6568B9A9B4B7F7" box="[622,667,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Por.</collectorName>
9255,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591221A77CFBF968B6AF47B7E8" box="[754,1128,151,176]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, locality
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFDD368B6AE0AB7E8" box="[1240,1317,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Cargill</collectorName>
(Dive 4),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF99C689DAA2DB78D" box="[151,258,188,213]" degrees="112.08" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="555" value="112.08">112.08°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF800689DAAA3B78D" box="[267,396,188,213]" degrees="68.2938" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="5" value="-68.2938">68.2938°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CF8EB689DA904B78B" box="[480,555,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="232.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1221A77CF8EB689DA904B78B" box="[480,555,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="232.0">232 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on a limestone rockwall, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFA9E689DAF04B78D" box="[917,1067,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFD58689DAFF3B78B" box="[1107,1244,188,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON4/
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21221A77CF99C68FEABD2B7A0" box="[151,253,223,248]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">BDR064</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091221A77CF80168FEAAB6B7A0" box="[266,409,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11221A77CF80168FEAAB6B7A0" box="[266,409,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-06-01">1 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941221A77CF8AF68C1AA9EB618" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559308" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" elevation="159" latitude="112.137" location="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" longLatPrecision="59" longitude="-68.286" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CF8AF68C1A925B7A0" box="[420,522,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1221A77CFB1D68C1A945B7AF" box="[534,618,224,247]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9248,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591221A77CFBE468FEAF71B7A0" box="[751,1118,223,248]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, locality Curoil Dock (Dive 3),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF9B56925AA17B645" box="[190,312,260,285]" degrees="112.137" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="55" value="112.137">112.137°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF84A6925AA9BB645" box="[321,436,260,285]" degrees="68.286" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="55" value="-68.286">68.286°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFB026925A97BB643" box="[521,596,260,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="159.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1221A77CFB026925A97BB643" box="[521,596,260,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="159.0">159 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, in the sand at the base of a limestone rockwall, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFDCE6925AE73B645" box="[1221,1372,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFC8F6925ABD0B667" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON3
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941221A77CF8B16906A9EBB618" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559323" box="[442,708,295,320]" collectingDate="2013-05-31" collectionCode="BDR" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" specimenCode="BDR033" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21221A77CF8B16906A930B618" box="[442,543,295,320]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">BDR033</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091221A77CFB216906A9EBB618" box="[554,708,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11221A77CFB216906A9EBB618" box="[554,708,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-05-31">31 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF9CC696DAE40B6D0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
Additional fragment:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1221A77CF8CD696DA935B63B" box="[454,538,332,355]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941221A77CFB23696DAE43B6D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559301" collectingDate="2013-05-31" collectionCode="BDR" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" elevation="203" latitude="112.137" location="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" longLatPrecision="59" longitude="-68.286" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" specimenCode="BDR028" specimenCount="1">
Por. 9246
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591221A77CFBAC696DAF30B63D" box="[679,1055,332,357]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, locality Curoil Dock (Dive 3),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF99C694EAA3FB6D0" box="[151,272,367,392]" degrees="112.137" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="55" value="112.137">112.137°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1221A77CF81C694EAAA5B6D0" box="[279,394,367,392]" degrees="68.286" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="55" value="-68.286">68.286°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CF8D1694EA90BB6DF" box="[474,548,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="203.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1221A77CF8D1694EA90BB6DF" box="[474,548,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="203.0">203 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFB6C6951A9D3B6D0" box="[615,764,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1221A77CFA2B6951A888B6DF" box="[800,935,368,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON3/
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21221A77CFD6A694EAFE8B6D0" box="[1121,1223,367,392]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">BDR028</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091221A77CFDD8694EAE43B6D0" box="[1235,1388,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11221A77CFDD8694EAE43B6D0" box="[1235,1388,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2013-05-31">31 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF9CC69B5AA94B688" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941221A77CF9CC69B5AA40B697" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559315" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Barbados" elevation="153" location="Paynes Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" specimenCount="1">
For comparison:
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1221A77CF88E69B5A8F3B6F5" authority="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988" authorityName="sensu Van Soest &amp; Stentoft" authorityYear="1988" box="[389,988,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF88E69B5A970B6F5" box="[389,607,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Pachastrella abyssi</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381221A77CFBA169B5A8F3B6F5" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[682,988,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1221A77CFAEC69B5AF0AB6F5" box="[999,1061,404,429]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 05301, 05312,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591221A77CFC0E69B5AE5DB6F5" box="[1285,1394,404,429]" name="Barbados" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Barbados</collectingCountry>
, off
<location id="8EC260121221A77CF99C6999AA34B688" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487DF1220A772F99C6F63AF27B36D:8EC260121221A77CF99C6999AA34B688" box="[151,283,440,464]" country="Barbados" name="Paynes Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Paynes Bay</location>
,
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CF82D6996AA40B697" box="[294,367,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="153.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1221A77CF82D6996AA40B697" box="[294,367,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="153.0">153 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
, 1978.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421221A772F9CC69FDAF7DB63C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="410" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF9CC69FDAF47B595" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF9CC69FDAA77B6AB" box="[199,344,476,501]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF9CC69FDAA7EB6AD" bold="true" box="[199,337,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Variable in shape (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1221A77CFB4C69FDA9E8B6AD" box="[583,711,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-354@7.[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pachastrella pacoi n. sp., habits in situ and on deck, a–b. Holotype RMNH Por. 9255, c–d. Paratype RMNH Por. 9246." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948921/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Figs. 4a–d</figureCitation>
), but rather persistently shallow cup-shaped, bumpy-irregular outside, optically smooth inside. Largest size in situ (the
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CFA1A6A21A85AB540" box="[785,885,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1221A77CFA7469DEA8DBB540" box="[895,1012,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-354@7.[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pachastrella pacoi n. sp., habits in situ and on deck, a–b. Holotype RMNH Por. 9255, c–d. Paratype RMNH Por. 9246." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948921/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Figs. 4c–d</figureCitation>
) up to
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFD4969DEAFA9B54F" box="[1090,1158,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
in diameter,
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFC1369DEAE73B54F" box="[1304,1372,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
high, of which a fragment of 4 x 2.5 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFB286A05A95DB563" box="[547,626,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
was retrieved. The
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CFA576A05A891B565" box="[860,958,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1221A77CFADB6A05AF65B565" box="[976,1098,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-354@7.[151,1436,913,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pachastrella pacoi n. sp., habits in situ and on deck, a–b. Holotype RMNH Por. 9255, c–d. Paratype RMNH Por. 9246." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948921/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Figs. 4a–b</figureCitation>
) is about half the size of the
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CF99C6A69ABD5B538" box="[151,250,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, and two fragments were preserved, each of which is 2 x 2 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFAC16A66AF2BB507" box="[970,1028,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
in size. If the
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591221A77CFDBA6A66AE34B538" box="[1201,1307,583,608]" name="Barbados" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Barbados</collectingCountry>
material is indeed conspecific then size may be up to
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1221A77CFBB46A4DA821B5DB" box="[703,782,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
high. Surface rough to the touch, consistency hard, incompressible, somewhat crumbly. Oscules not apparent, but in the cup-bottom of the
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1221A77CFD796AB1AFFCB5F0" box="[1138,1235,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
a cluster of small openings is visible. Colour alive greyish white, on deck and in preservation light beige.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF9CC6AF6A901B405" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF9CC6AF6AA1BB5B7" box="[199,308,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF9CC6AF6AA02B5A8" bold="true" box="[199,301,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Skeleton</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Ectosome consisting of a dense layer of oval microrhabds, pierced here and there by the cladi of subectosomal calthrops. Choanosomal skeleton thoroughly confused, without radiate architecture. Calthrops of all sizes are strewn randomly in the interior, separated by few canals and open spaces. Microscleres abundantly present throughout the choanosome.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6266411221A77CF99C6F82ABFEB080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948921/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" startId="7.[151,250,1955,1977]" targetBox="[151,1436,913,1934]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91221A77CF99C6F82ABFEB080" blockId="7.[151,1437,1955,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF99C6F82AA22B0E0" bold="true" box="[151,269,1955,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1221A77CF8116F82AAF6B0E1" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[282,473,1955,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF8116F82AAF6B0E1" box="[282,473,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Pachastrella pacoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EADB1221A77CF8EB6F85A935B0E1" bold="true" box="[480,538,1956,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A01221A77CF8EB6F85A935B0E1" box="[480,538,1956,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, habits in situ and on deck, a–b. Holotype RMNH Por. 9255, c–d. Paratype RMNH Por. 9246.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122EA773F9CC68B6AF50B7E8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,428]" box="[199,1151,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773F9CC68B6AA06B7E8" bold="true" box="[199,297,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122EA773F83368B6AAA7B7E8" box="[312,392,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
) Calthrops/short-shafted triaenes, oxeas, amphiasters, microrhabds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122EA773F9CC689DA8A4B618" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Short shafted calthrops-like triaenes (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122EA773FB7E689DA9CBB78D" box="[629,740,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5a–b</figureCitation>
) in an extreme size range, with smooth, conical cladi, often slight curved at the apices, rarely bifid at one of the cladi, but no dichotriaenes were detected, size range extreme, perhaps divisible arbitrarily in a larger size, cladi 348–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773FA356925A847B645" box="[830,872,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">825</emphasis>
–1260 x 50–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773FD0E6925AF00B645" box="[1029,1071,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">143</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773FD356925AFB0B644" box="[1086,1183,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="204.0">204 µm</quantity>
, and a smaller size, 66–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773F9CA6906ABC4B618" box="[193,235,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">168</emphasis>
–252 x 10–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773F8626906AAAAB618" box="[361,389,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">23</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773F8986906AAF0B618" box="[403,479,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 µm</quantity>
; overall range 66–
<date id="FFA31009122EA773FBA46906A833B618" box="[687,796,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="1260-10-10">
1260 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773FA096906A833B618" box="[770,796,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="107.0" valueMax="204.0" valueMin="10.0">10</quantity>
</date>
–204 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122EA773F9CC696DABEBB6F4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122EA773F817696DAA42B63D" box="[284,365,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
), long, straight, relatively thin, sharply pointed, invariably broken in the slides, reconstructed to be up to
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773F9F6694EAA10B6DF" box="[253,319,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773F883694EAAD2B6D0" box="[392,509,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="24.0">24–30 µm</quantity>
in diameter; short, probably foreign oxeas present in most slides, 150–200 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122EA773FC79694EABEFB6F4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF626641122EA773F99C6FA2AA70B08E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" startId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" targetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122EA773F99C6FA2AA70B08E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1923,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773F99C6FA2AA20B0C0" bold="true" box="[151,271,1923,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122EA773F8166FA2AAF1B0C0" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,478,1923,1945]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacoi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122EA773F8166FA2AAF1B0C0" box="[285,478,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Pachastrella pacoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122FA772F9CC68B6AF99B7E8" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1206,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
Amphiasters (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122FA772F86F68B6AA9AB7E8" box="[356,437,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
) in a single uniform size and shape, 14–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FA7268B6A8BAB7E8" box="[889,917,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">15</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C122FA772FAAE68B6A8C1B7E8" box="[933,1006,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
, with 10–18 rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122FA772F9CC689DAF7DB63C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
Microrhabds/microstrongyles in three distinct categories, (1) short fat oval rhabds (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122FA772FD8C689DAFF4B78D" box="[1159,1243,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
), rather coarsely spined, vaguely centrotylote, forming a thick layer at the surface and abundantly present throughout the choanosome, 9–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F8466925AA46B645" box="[333,361,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">13</emphasis>
–15 x 5.5–
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F8EA6925AAC0B645" box="[481,495,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">6</emphasis>
–
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, (2) rather rare longer (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122FA772FA486925A8BEB645" box="[835,913,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
), more finely spined rhabds, 18–24 x
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, (3) thin, long, somewhat curved, occasionally wavy rhabds (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C122FA772FA5E6906A884B618" box="[853,939,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[155,1432,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pachastrella pacoi s.p., SEM images of spicules of the holotype RMNH Por. 9255, a. overview of spicules, b. calthrops of various sizes, c. oxea, d. amphiaster, e. oval microrhabd, f. elongate oval microrhabd, g. thin long microrhabd with complicated spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948923/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
Fig.
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), with spines frequently bearing secondary spines (named microrhabdose streptaster by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772FB82696DA8B5B63D" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[649,922,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref22442" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2012) A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species. Zootaxa, 3253, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2012">Cardenas &amp; Rapp, 2012</bibRefCitation>
), 28–
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–
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076542122FA772F9CC694EAA40B6F5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122FA772F9CC694EAA40B6F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC694EAAD3B6DF" box="[199,508,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC694EAADAB6D0" bold="true" box="[199,501,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
On limestone rockwalls and in the sand at their base, depth range
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<elevation id="0030D1FA122FA772FC18694EAEB7B6DF" box="[1299,1432,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.32" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="m" value="192.5" valueMax="232.0" valueMin="153.0">153–232 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
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,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076542122FA772F9CC6996A9DCB6AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122FA772F9CC6996A9DCB6AC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC6996AA62B697" box="[199,333,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC6996AA69B688" bold="true" box="[199,326,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The name honors Dr Paco Cárdenas, in acknowledgement for his great efforts to make sense of the phylogeny and classification of tetractinellid sponges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076542122FA772F9CC69DEAF27B36D" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA236C9122FA772F9CC69DEAF27B36D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC69DEAA14B54F" box="[199,315,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F9CC69DEAA1BB540" bold="true" box="[199,308,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Our material is close to but apparently not the same species as the
<typeStatus id="54A6886B122FA772FD4A69DEAF8CB540" box="[1089,1187,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122FA772FDC76A20ABFDB565" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FDC76A20AE00B540" box="[1228,1327,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. abyssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772FC3369DEABFDB565" author="Schmidt, O." pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="iii - iv" refId="ref25229" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book chapter" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, redescribed recently by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772F8FB6A05A83EB565" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[496,785,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref22442" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2012) A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species. Zootaxa, 3253, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2012">Cárdenas &amp; Rapp (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. Aside from the usual
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122FA772FD1F6A05AF8DB565" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" box="[1044,1186,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FD1F6A05AF8DB565" box="[1044,1186,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pachastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complement, this has rare dichotriaenes and more robust amphiasters and also spiraster-like amphiasters, unlike our specimens. Furthermore, the diversity of microrhabds in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122FA772FBA26A4CA821B5DD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[681,782,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FBA26A4CA821B5DD" box="[681,782,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. abyssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger with fat curved and elongate microstrongylote forms added to the oval ones. It is likely but not entirely certain that our material is the same species as the
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material of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772F89E6A95A9C9B595" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[405,742,692,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. In the
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specimens the microrhabdose streptasters, which were only rarely observed in our specimens, are quite common and thicker. The oval microrhabds/ microstrongyles of the
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specimens are thinner and more centrotylote, and the largest calthrops have smaller cladi than in the present material. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772FA136B3EAF18B460" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[792,1079,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref22442" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2012) A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species. Zootaxa, 3253, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2012">Cárdenas &amp; Rapp (2012)</bibRefCitation>
the variability of specimens of
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<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772F99C6B65AA0AB405" box="[151,293,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pachastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusually large making delimitation of closely similar species difficult, so for the time being we assume the
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and
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specimens to be conspecific. Molecular research may be helpful in determining species diversity in the Caribbean
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FB206BADA9EEB4FD" box="[555,705,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122FA772FB206BADA992B4FD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" box="[555,701,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Pachastrella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772FBC06BADA8DFB4FD" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[715,1008,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref22442" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2012) A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species. Zootaxa, 3253, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2012">Cárdenas &amp; Rapp (2012)</bibRefCitation>
insist that
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A122FA772FD7E6BADAE7BB4FD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[1141,1364,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
<emphasis id="B969EADB122FA772FD7E6BADAE7BB4FD" box="[1141,1364,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pachastrella abyssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a complement of small smooth oxeas, suggested to have been overlooked by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B38122FA772FAEF6B91AE0AB490" author="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N." box="[996,1317,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref26529" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water Sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. However, many of such oxeas are likely foreign as they appear typically haplosclerid in shape and size. Part of our present material also possessed lots of such small oxeas, 150–200 x
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, but this is attributed to a green-yellow thin crust seen to grow over part of the specimens in photos made of them on deck.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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