271 lines
32 KiB
XML
271 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="50E806A6FF607951D7387158386534D0" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A6DE2C81FF17F8D212C2F9D1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Boloponera , Fisher 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="000BF6058948E52C6AA45F60EA04CFB8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C6EE88B55201B30AE8249B97BC9B45A0">
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<mods:title id="25A3C49BF34CFFA9A033B81D7D2057F1">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7FA36CD7992835B2F452815555700F2E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FB9D627BF924517E50365E63447D7F02">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0A8222113511CFD49EAB465B65C91A50" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A6E01580EC7FBA76EA3F6B2066ABC216">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="24C48202D9B0651A58D25710F3D842B0">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7B777FC3CD612C5C8BF926DC3967DC2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1557A726AD192ACD411F4365C2A9D053">
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<mods:title id="70B1DAE721ED46E2D0C818F651EED335">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2C2D23927E9CCA35A25199FF8796C6A7">
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<mods:date id="BDB6485CA54CD1F9E6A4EE115D3A55F9">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BB04E32F40C57B8C3FC12C9E344F2160">2014-06-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="076E2529272DE48D3D939D13573A5B27" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7D52F8F7EBAA1001C43181ADE3262FF0">3817</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6E09FAE77D8B9B86D71E74A960BAEA5D" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="A3FC76944353010A0E2F4FB9C1BF1899">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64198C238DFA615E5E7AEE68C83264B1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D705E703A44F22F0BDBCE30C47CE8132" type="GBIF-Dataset">d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD266070759A16FB9F44B61B80B9975F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03775906A6DE2C81FF17F8D212C2F9D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A6DE2C81FF17F8D212C2F9D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A6DE2C81FF17F8D212C2F9D1" lastPageId="163" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6DE2C83FF17F8D2111EF8B4" box="[151,379,1844,1870]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DE2C83FF17F8D2111EF8B4" blockId="161.[151,379,1844,1903]" box="[151,379,1844,1870]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<heading id="D0295F7CA6DE2C83FF17F8D2111EF8B4" bold="true" box="[151,379,1844,1870]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DE2C83FF17F8D2111EF8B4" authority="Fisher" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,379,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DE2C83FF17F8D2111EF8B4" bold="true" box="[151,379,1844,1870]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DE2C83FF17F8D21140F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,293,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Boloponera</emphasis>
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Fisher
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6DE2C83FF17F8B01083F895" box="[151,230,1878,1903]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DE2C83FF17F8B01083F895" blockId="161.[151,379,1844,1903]" box="[151,230,1878,1903]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<figureCitation id="13E5F495A6DE2C83FF17F8B01083F895" box="[151,230,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="162.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-51@162.[151,1436,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIGURE 34. Worker caste of Boloponera vicans: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0401737, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of Boloponera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120890/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6DE2C81FF17F87812EEFF2F" lastPageId="163" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DE2C83FF17F8781126F829" blockId="161.[151,1436,1950,2003]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6DE2C83FF17F8781126F829" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6DE2C83FF17F87811BCF84E" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[151,473,1950,1972]" page="112" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DE2C83FF17F87811BCF84E" authority="Fisher, 2006: 112" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,473,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DE2C83FF17F878116AF84E" box="[151,271,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Boloponera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DE2C83FE9CF87811BCF84E" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[284,473,1950,1972]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006: 112</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as genus in
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DE2C83FDF9F87812B1F84E" ID-CoL="L68" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[633,724,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
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). Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6DE2C83FC03F8781573F84E" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[899,1302,1950,1972]" page="113" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DE2C83FC03F8781573F84E" authority="Fisher, 2006: 113" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="2006" box="[899,1302,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicans">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DE2C83FC03F878142DF84E" box="[899,1096,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Boloponera vicans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DE2C83FBD5F8781573F84E" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[1109,1302,1950,1972]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DFA1B898A6DD2C80FF17F8A31455F883" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10120890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120890/files/figure.png" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" startId="162.[151,250,1861,1883]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" targetPageId="162">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DD2C80FF17F8A31455F883" blockId="162.[151,1436,1860,1913]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DD2C80FF17F8A3114FF8A0" bold="true" box="[151,298,1861,1883]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
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Worker caste of
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DD2C80FD82F8A212A9F8A0" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[514,716,1860,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicans">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DD2C80FD82F8A212A9F8A0" box="[514,716,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Boloponera vicans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0401737, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DD2C80FC33F885144FF883" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[947,1066,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DD2C80FC33F885144FF883" box="[947,1066,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Boloponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF17FF7112EEFF2F" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FF17FF71117EFF4A" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,283,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF17FF71117EFF4A" box="[151,283,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a monotypic genus known from only a single specimen collected in leaf litter in the
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<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6DC2C81FB6DFF711165FF2F" name="Central African Republic" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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. Nothing is known about its habits.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6DC2C81FF47FF3911CDFBCF" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FF3911EDFDC7" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FF391124FF02" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FECCFF3911B5FF02" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[332,464,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FECCFF3911B5FF02" box="[332,464,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be most easily diagnosed by the following unique combination of characters: mandibles linear, frontal lobes hypertrophied, eyes absent, head without posteroventral lamellae, propodeum with posterior lamellae, metafemora with longitudinal groove, mesotibiae and meso-/metabasitarsi without stout traction setae, relatively high helcium, and tergite A4 not arched. It bears significant similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FA8CFEAA15F0FE9F" box="[1292,1429,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FA8CFEAA15F0FE9F" box="[1292,1429,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Loboponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FF17FE891140FE72" box="[151,293,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF17FE891140FE72" box="[151,293,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FEF3FE97119DFE72" box="[371,504,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FEF3FE97119DFE72" box="[371,504,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Feroponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the characters above serve to differentiate it from all of these genera.
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FF17FE72117EFE57" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,283,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF17FE72117EFE57" box="[151,283,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FE35FE72125BFE57" box="[437,574,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FE35FE72125BFE57" box="[437,574,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Loboponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having linear mandibles, loss of eyes, no posteroventral lamellae on the head, and a tubular tergite A4. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FD53FE511304FE2A" box="[723,865,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FD53FE511304FE2A" box="[723,865,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in lacking a dorsal longitudinal groove on the mandibles, lacking excavations in the clypeus at the mandibular articulations, and lacking eyes.
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FB49FE3A1528FE0F" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[1225,1357,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FB49FE3A1528FE0F" box="[1225,1357,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FECCFDE711B5FDE2" box="[332,464,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FECCFDE711B5FDE2" box="[332,464,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Feroponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its linear mandibles, metafemoral grooves, and absence of traction setae on the middle and hind legs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FDA113C3FC7A" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FDA111ACFD9A" bold="true" box="[199,457,583,608]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FE56FDA11249FD9A" box="[470,556,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Worker.</emphasis>
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Small (TL
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<quantity id="4C2645F5A6DC2C81FD3FFDA11379FD9A" box="[703,796,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
|
) robust ponerine ants with the standard characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FF17FD8A109FFD7F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,250,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Mandibles linear, with two small teeth and a basal groove. Frontal lobes hypertrophied and and projecting beyond the anterior clypeal margin. Antennae with two-segmented club. Eyes absent. Mesopleuron divided by a transverse groove, the anepisternum appearing fused to the mesonotum and metapleuron. Metanotal groove absent. Propodeum broad dorsally, the posterolateral margins drawn out posteriorly into cuticular lamellae. Propodeal spiracles round. Metafemora with dorsal longitudinal groove. Metatibial spur formula (1p). Petiole nodiform, the subpetiolar process a posteriorly-directed tooth. Helcium projecting from near midheight on the anterior surface of A3. Strong constriction between pre- and postsclerites of A4 apparent. Head and body foveate and longitudinally striate, with abundant short pilosity and no pubescence. Color orange.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FC6A11F1FC5F" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,404,908,933]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FC6A1172FC59" box="[199,279,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Queen.</emphasis>
|
|
Unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FC4911E0FC32" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,389,943,968]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FC49116DFC32" box="[199,264,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Male.</emphasis>
|
|
Unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FC3311C8FC17" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,429,980,1005]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FC331174FC16" box="[199,273,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Larva.</emphasis>
|
|
Undescribed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FC1111CDFBCF" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FC111191FBEA" bold="true" box="[199,500,1015,1040]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FE7FFC1112E1FBEA" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[511,644,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FE7FFC1112E1FBEA" box="[511,644,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known from a single specimen collected in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6DC2C81FB68FC111099FBCF" name="Central African Republic" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DC2C81FE8BFBFA11F9FBCF" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[267,412,1052,1077]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6DC2C81FF47FBD912C2F9D1" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FBD91114FB3F" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FBD911B1FBA2" bold="true" box="[199,468,1087,1112]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
|
Nothing is known about the habits of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FC13FBD91472FBA2" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[915,1047,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FC13FBD91472FBA2" box="[915,1047,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The single known specimen was collected from leaf litter (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DC2C81FE40FB821231FB87" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[448,596,1124,1149]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and in combination with its morphological characteristics (
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FA93FB831527FB86" box="[1299,1346,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
|
lack of eyes) suggests that it is cryptobiotic. The identity of its prey is unknown but its linear mandibles are suggestive of prey specialization.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6DC2C81FF47FB2912C2F9D1" blockId="163.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF47FB2912B6FB12" bold="true" box="[199,723,1231,1256]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FD5AFB29133BFB12" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[730,862,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FD5AFB29133BFB12" box="[730,862,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DC2C81FBAEFB2914A2FB12" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[1070,1223,1231,1256]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as a distinct genus based on the absence of autapomorphies of members of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FCD3FB121384FAF7" box="[851,993,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FCD3FB121384FAF7" box="[851,993,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group (
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FB0BFB1314ACFAF6" box="[1163,1225,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">sensu</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6DC2C81FB53FB1210B1FACA" author="Bolton, B. & Brown, W. L. Jr." pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. & Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6DC2C81FB53FB12157AFAF7" box="[1235,1311,1268,1293]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
|
& Brown, 2002
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). He noted similarities between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FDD3FAF112BDFACA" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[595,728,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FDD3FAF112BDFACA" box="[595,728,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FC97FAF113C0FACA" box="[791,933,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FC97FAF113C0FACA" box="[791,933,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, including linear mandibles, hypertrophied anteriorly-projecting frontal lobes, propodeal lamellae, and metafemoral grooves. The latter three characters also occur in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FE80FAB911ECFA82" box="[256,393,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FE80FAB911ECFA82" box="[256,393,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Loboponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Despite these clear similarities, and the overwhelming similarity of their overall gestalt, Fisher insisted that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FEF3FA621192FA67" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[371,503,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FEF3FA621192FA67" box="[371,503,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was not a member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FC9EFA6213C9FA67" box="[798,940,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FC9EFA6213C9FA67" box="[798,940,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus group (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FBCEFA6214B9FA67" box="[1102,1244,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FBCEFA6214B9FA67" box="[1102,1244,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FB7CFA6215E0FA67" box="[1276,1413,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FB7CFA6215E0FA67" box="[1276,1413,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Loboponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FF17FA411120FA3A" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,325,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FF17FA411120FA3A" box="[151,325,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Psalidomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) based on the structure of its anteroventral petiolar articulation. We respectfully disagree with this assessment, and believe that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FE6BFA2A120AFA1F" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[491,623,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FE6BFA2A120AFA1F" box="[491,623,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is in fact sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FCD7FA2A1380FA1F" box="[855,997,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FCD7FA2A1380FA1F" box="[855,997,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FC78FA2A14E4FA1F" box="[1016,1153,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FC78FA2A14E4FA1F" box="[1016,1153,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Loboponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, or to these two genera together.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6DC2C81FE84FA091149F9F2" box="[260,300,1519,1544]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">See</collectingRegion>
|
|
the previous discussion of generic relationships within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FC76FA0914E1F9F2" box="[1014,1156,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FC76FA0914E1F9F2" box="[1014,1156,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Plectroctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group for more on the possible phylogenetic positions of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6DC2C81FD9CF9F212C5F9D7" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[540,672,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6DC2C81FD9CF9F212C5F9D7" box="[540,672,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Boloponera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |