444 lines
62 KiB
XML
444 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="1B4270BB1F06F4CEBC05CB217E05C67B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4986a60d-dbbf-4ceb-8a52-6e32bab460f1" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173797" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459784577569" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burghardt, Ingo & Gosliner, Terrence M." docDate="2006" docId="BB368798FFB8FF983476FAE35D77075A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01308p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1308" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Phyllodesmium rudmani Burghardt & Gosliner, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="470FFFE0FFBBFF92357EFFB95942044C" masterDocTitle="Phyllodesmium rudmani (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), a new solar powered species from the IndoWest Pacific with data on its symbiosis with zooxanthellae" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698218343797" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="862334DD8EA516C20DD131B3DFE4AB3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="77512360F34FF1B322B910D4B8A8EB3A">
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<mods:title id="07A76C3CE1C0CCA5AE0DCA73B0238B51">Phyllodesmium rudmani (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), a new solar powered species from the IndoWest Pacific with data on its symbiosis with zooxanthellae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="84704331C383C86AAFCFB017BBB8D666" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CF34EE54FFD8F1CD9B62A379CDD377F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="17419C65E671EB04E727808E7FD29724">Burghardt, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E80C230637831AA5B736E74C9F07F735" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB8DED9A8120ADF306AF2E20BE8EDC33">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5142AEC23DA1737579F3F1FCCA598E66">Gosliner, Terrence M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3882A6168EEF9159C9732099C184320B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="88C75748BD6389435AA7BF625EC22EFD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1A8223403E67AF98555E69AB61F3B78B">
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<mods:date id="704AC4846A3C74E95BCC3C647AA32A51">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B6C2ED2C562F6A1742F25E832DE82717" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="215FB8746F5A8FAFDA79F791AA15BBA6">1308</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B5A7AEE2E9E7DCD7DDD84A3B392ABAF7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="17679E61E51F32D6277E5B8F76EFED0D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.173797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F12533B0DE728D04154CA50D1D85EB1" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="12DF4DDC86528591B7A67BA7E76C5F5F" type="Zenodo-Dep">173797</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BB368798FFB8FF983476FAE35D77075A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662435" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119348779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BB368798FFB8FF983476FAE35D77075A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB368798FFB8FF983476FAE35D77075A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="7B856505FFB8FF913476FAE3583701DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFB8FF913476FAE35BDA013F" blockId="3.[264,664,1369,1430]" box="[264,664,1369,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="686881E2FFB8FF913476FAE35BDA013F" bold="true" box="[264,664,1369,1396]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB8FF913476FAE35BDA013F" bold="true" box="[264,664,1369,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB8FF913476FAE35B760138" box="[264,564,1370,1396]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB8FF913476FAE35B760138" bold="true" box="[264,564,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1AD857E7FFB8FF913744FAE05BDA013F" box="[570,664,1369,1395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFB8FF913476FAC5583701DA" blockId="3.[264,664,1369,1430]" box="[264,373,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB8FF913476FAC5581101DA" box="[264,339,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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–5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7B856505FFB8FF913476FA755895036A" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFB8FF913476FA755BE702CA" blockId="3.[264,1325,1484,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB8FF913476FA75588C01AA" bold="true" box="[264,462,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<typeStatus id="EC24882CFFB8FF913476FA75580701AA" box="[264,325,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="EC24882CFFB8FF91349AFA755B1401AA" box="[484,598,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF913711FA755A5D01AA" box="[623,799,1484,1510]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="558EAE4BFFB8FF913647FA755ADF01AA" box="[825,925,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">LUZON</collectionCode>
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF9136CCFA755D6301AA" box="[946,1057,1484,1510]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ISLAND</collectingCountry>
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, Batangas Province, Calumpan Peninsula, Arthur’s Rock,
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<quantity id="F4679B6BFFB8FF9137A8FA4D5A5A0242" box="[726,792,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth,
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<date id="4721104EFFB8FF913604FA4D5D560242" box="[890,1044,1524,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1922-02">22 February</date>
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,1995, (Michael Miller) (
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<collectionCode id="558EAE4BFFB8FF91346EF9A55825027A" box="[272,359,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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||
103747). (specimen #4; see
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<tableCitation id="7E1D0335FFB8FF9137C9F9A55A4F027A" box="[695,781,1564,1590]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,352,558,582]" captionTargetBox="[272,1296,684,1088]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Specimens collected during July / August 2003 in Northern Sulawesi (# 1 – 3) and in the Philippines (# 4), with some individual dates. Availability of specimens indicated in last column. Numbers refer to institutions (see Material & methods)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67E06606FFB9FF903476FD975A1806C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" tableUuid="67E06606FFB9FF903476FD975A1806C7">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="EC24882CFFB8FF913658F9A55AD3027A" box="[806,913,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF9136E2F9A55D7D027A" box="[924,1087,1564,1590]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="558EAE4BFFB8FF913134F9A55DEF027A" box="[1098,1197,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">NORTH</collectionCode>
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SULAWE SI,
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF913446F9FD58390212" box="[312,379,1604,1630]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Pulau</collectingCountry>
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Talise, close to the village of Aerbanua,
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<quantity id="F4679B6BFFB8FF9136E4F9FD5A8D0212" box="[922,975,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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depth,
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<date id="4721104EFFB8FF913148F9FD5D9C0212" box="[1078,1246,1604,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2003-07-23">23 July 2003</date>
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(Ingo Burghardt) (
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<collectionCode id="558EAE4BFFB8FF9134E6F9D5589402CA" box="[408,470,1644,1670]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZSM</collectionCode>
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Moll 20050285).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFB8FF913446F92D5895036A" blockId="3.[264,1325,1484,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB8FF913446F92D5BCF02E2" bold="true" box="[312,653,1684,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Other material examined:</emphasis>
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two specimens,
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF913617F92D5D4E02E2" box="[873,1036,1684,1710]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="558EAE4BFFB8FF913161F92D5DC002E2" box="[1055,1154,1684,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">NORTH</collectionCode>
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SULAWESI, south side of Bunaken Island, Bunaken Islands National Park, in the lagoon in front of Papa Boa Bungalows, GPS:
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<geoCoordinate id="56AB5049FFB8FF913729F95D5BB702B2" box="[599,757,1764,1790]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="1.6175278">01°37’3.1’’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="56AB5049FFB8FF91367CF95D5AF902B2" box="[770,955,1764,1790]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="124.76419">124°45’51.1’’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="F4679B6BFFB8FF9136B9F95D5D4802B2" box="[967,1034,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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depth, 19,
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<date id="4721104EFFB8FF9131F0F95D5C6B02B2" box="[1166,1321,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2003-07-21">21 July 2003</date>
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, (Ingo Burghardt).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7B856505FFB8FF913446F88D5DC40302" box="[312,1158,1844,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB8FF913446F88D5DC40302" blockId="3.[264,1325,1484,1870]" box="[312,1158,1844,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB8FF913446F88D58930302" bold="true" box="[312,465,1844,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Distribution</emphasis>
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: Known only from the
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF91379BF88D5A2B0302" box="[741,873,1844,1870]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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and northern
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<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB8FF913172F88D5DC00302" box="[1036,1154,1844,1870]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="67E06606FFBFFF963476F9EE5B5F02B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFBFFF963476F9EE5B5F02B5" blockId="4.[264,1322,1623,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF963476F9EE58D30223" bold="true" box="[264,401,1623,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF9634E0F9EE5BEB0222" box="[414,681,1623,1646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF9634E0F9EE5BEB0222" box="[414,681,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, living animals from North Sulawesi (A–D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C:
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF963069F9C3582002F8" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF963069F9C3582002F8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">P. rudmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with polyps of its food coral
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF9637C4F9245BBA02F8" box="[698,760,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF9637C4F9245BBA02F8" box="[698,760,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Xenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF963476F9065804029A" box="[264,326,1727,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF963476F9065804029A" box="[264,326,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Xenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF9631F5F9065D8D029A" box="[1163,1231,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">in situ</emphasis>
|
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. F: One specimen sitting in
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<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF9634A6F95B5B5402B5" box="[472,534,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF9634A6F95B5B5402B5" box="[472,534,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Xenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="7B856505FFBFFF973446F8955BB1057A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBFFF973446F8955BB1057A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1836,1902]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF963446F895588A030A" bold="true" box="[312,456,1836,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Etymology:</emphasis>
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This species is dedicated to Dr. Bill Rudman, a great scientist and colleague who described the vast majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBFFF963653F8EC5AA30322" box="[813,993,1877,1902]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBFFF963653F8EC5AA30322" box="[813,993,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Phyllodesmium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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species and is a pioneer in working on “solar powered” nudibranchs.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7B856505FFBEFF983446FEFA5D77075A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FEFA588B0511" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" box="[312,457,323,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446FEFA588B0511" bold="true" box="[312,457,323,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FED55AC105CA" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" box="[312,899,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446FED55A3805C9" box="[312,890,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Colour and external morphology of living animal</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FE2D5A95072A" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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||
Body of living animals, including rhinophores, oral tentacles, foot translucent white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBEFF97346FFE055826059A" box="[273,356,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, 1E). Animals elongate, up to approximately
|
||
<quantity id="F4679B6BFFBEFF973698FE055D7D059A" box="[998,1087,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (without cerata), with few short cerata (especially at margin of foot), several long cerata (longer than rhinophores and oral tentacles), covering whole notum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBEFF973169FDB55D2F066A" box="[1047,1133,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1E). Cerata (40–100) arranged in up to 7 double clusters with up to 10 cerata on each pad. Lateral cerata very small, short. Cerata elongate, circular in crosssection. Upper third of ceras bulbous, broadened, mimicking closed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBEFF97379CFD3D5A6506D1" box="[738,807,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF97379CFD3D5A6506D1" box="[738,807,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
polyp. Basal creamcoloured part of ceras smooth with several slight longitudinal grooves. Basal end of ceras appearing clubbed. Cream basal part of ceras continuing in up to 10 ridges of apical part. Most ridges continuing and meeting in apex of ceras, some only partly developed. Between cream ridges broad brownish depressions, composed of very small brownish dots, probably representing clusters of zooxanthellae within digestive gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FCCD58860062" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Smooth oral tentacles shorter than rhinophores, usually directed laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBEFF9731C3FCCD5C4607C2" box="[1213,1284,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Rhinophores wrinkled but not lamellate, similar in shape, surface texture to oral tentacles. Rhinophores standing close together. Oral tentacles, rhinophores blunt, rounded. Anterior foot margin angular, slightly extended (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBEFF973793FC555A70004A" box="[749,818,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Posterior end of foot tapering, but not acutely pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FB855B96001A" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" box="[312,724,1084,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446FB855B96001A" bold="true" box="[312,724,1084,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Description of preserved animals</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446FBDD5C6A01AA" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446FBDD5B780032" bold="true" box="[312,570,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">External morphology</emphasis>
|
||
: No distinct notal rim. Foot anteriorly angled without propodial tentacles; posterior portion with pointed extension. Oral tentacles wrinkled, shorter than rhinophores. Rhinophores also wrinkled, sometimes appearing lamellate, standing close to each other. Directly behind rhinophores, in some specimens, distinct white patch of pigmentation present. Cerata appear shrunken, without colour. Insertion of cerata arranged in incomplete arches, lying on distinct pads. Apical portion of arches absent, two adjacent sloping pads not contiguous. Internally, digestive gland duct of each sloping pair of cerata limbs uniting with other half, connecting to primary axis of digestive gland. Four to seven pads or patches present on each side, lying opposite each other. First cerata slightly anteriolateral of rhinophores. Anal papilla cleioproctic, located dorsolaterally on right
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973476FA4458A70227" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
side between first, second postcardiac pads. Genital aperture ventral to anterior edge of anterior limb of precardiac arch. Whole epidermis composed of specialised vacuolated cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBEFF973430F9E858E20227" box="[334,416,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF973446F9C05D30037F" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Central nervous system: Central nervous system similar to all described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBEFF973476F918588202F7" box="[264,448,1697,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllodesmium</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, highly concentrated with fused cerebralpleural ganglia. Pedal ganglia situated laterally as distinct lobes. Small eyes adjacent to junction of cerebropleural ganglia with pedal ganglia. Pair of small buccal ganglia situated on posterior side of buccal mass, immediately ventral to junction of mass with oesophagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBEFF943446F8F8583A068A" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1883]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,710]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446F8F85BB60316" box="[312,756,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBEFF973446F8F85BA30317" bold="true" box="[312,737,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Digestive system (including radula</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Buccal mass large, highly muscular with large chitinous jaws occupying much of external surface of mass. Radular sac short, readily visible. Pair of thin, simple, elongate salivary glands entering buccal mass near junction of mass with esophagus. Esophagus expanding into thinwalled stomach on left side of body, adjacent to genital mass. Intestine emerging from right side of stomach, terminating at lateral anus. Paired jaws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBDFF94370CFE055BFC059A" box="[626,702,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[558,1052,764,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[488,1093,739,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phyllodesmium rudmani, morphology: A: Distal genital system. B: Left jaw seen from interior side. C: Masticatory margin of jaw. Abbreviations: am ampulla, al albumen gland, me membrane gland, mu mucous gland, p penis, pr prostate, rs receptaculum seminis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B) thick, coriaceous with thickened anterior cusp. Masticatory border containing 6–7 irregular denticles. More anterior denticles shorter, more irregular in shape. Posteriormost denticle longest. Radular formula of
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC24882CFFBDFF9431BAFDB55C69066A" box="[1220,1323,524,550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(CASIZ 103747):
|
||
<date id="4721104EFFBDFF94349DFD8D5B620602" box="[483,544,564,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" value="1962-10">62 X</date>
|
||
0.1.0. Radular teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBDFF943659FD8D5A3A0602" box="[807,888,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,716,1069]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,716,1072]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phyllodesmium rudmani, hard structures in digestive system: A: Radula of holotype, CASIZ 103747. B: Closeup of radula of holotype, CASIZ 103747." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173800/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B) wide, triangular in shape with short primary cusp. Series of 39–51 small, congested, pointed denticles present along either side of primary cusp. Some denticles bifurcated deeply near common base of denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67E06606FFBDFF943476F9D35D36028B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[558,1052,764,1625]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBDFF943476F9D35D36028B" blockId="6.[264,1323,1642,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBDFF943476F9D358C802CE" bold="true" box="[264,394,1642,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBDFF9434EFF9D35BD402CD" box="[401,662,1642,1665]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBDFF9434EFF9D35BD402CD" box="[401,662,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, morphology: A: Distal genital system. B: Left jaw seen from interior side. C: Masticatory margin of jaw. Abbreviations: am ampulla, al albumen gland, me membrane gland, mu mucous gland, p penis, pr prostate, rs receptaculum seminis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBDFF943446F94E5C69032E" blockId="6.[264,1323,1783,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBDFF943446F94E5BC6035D" bold="true" box="[312,644,1783,1809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBDFF943446F94E5B38035D" bold="true" box="[312,634,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Digestive gland in cerata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Single central narrow digestive gland duct extending through each ceras. Apical, bulbshaped part, central duct ramifying into primary, secondary branches, with secondary branches radiating towards ceratal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBDFF9431C4F8F15C44032E" box="[1210,1286,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBCFF953476FEA558DF06D2" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Each secondary branch terminating in one or multiple saclike structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF95310BFEA55DFF057A" box="[1141,1213,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Intact zooxanthellae present in digestive glandular cells of these sacs, epithelium of branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF95346FFED5582505CA" box="[273,359,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C). High concentration of zooxanthellae present especially in apex of ceras. Highest concentration of zooxanthellae in cells close to epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF9531F8FE2D5DA105E2" box="[1158,1251,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Zooxanthellae also present in lumen of branches, mostly enclosed in circular, free floating digestive glandular cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF95374BFE5D5BCA05B2" box="[565,648,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4D). Cnidosac in largest cerata not detectable. In basal part of each ceras less branching of digestive gland observed, in general lower concentration of zooxanthellae present. Smaller cerata not investigated. Whole epidermis composed of specialised vacuolated cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF953649FDE55AD7063A" box="[823,917,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[269,1319,846,1627]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phyllodesmium rudmani, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C; similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF953108FDE558CE06D1" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953108FDE558CE06D1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Phyllodesmium jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67E06606FFBCFF953476FB805A9A003F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[264,1323,716,1069]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBCFF953476FB805A9A003F" blockId="7.[264,1322,1081,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953476FB8058CE001D" bold="true" box="[264,396,1081,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF9534EAFB835BD9001D" box="[404,667,1082,1105]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF9534EAFB835BD9001D" box="[404,667,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hard structures in digestive system: A: Radula of holotype, CASIZ 103747. B: Closeup of radula of holotype, CASIZ 103747.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBCFF953446FB1E5D850235" blockId="7.[264,1323,1191,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953446FB1E5B7D008D" bold="true" box="[312,575,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Reproductive system:</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFBCFF95361FFB1E5AEF008D" box="[865,941,1191,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[558,1052,764,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[488,1093,739,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phyllodesmium rudmani, morphology: A: Distal genital system. B: Left jaw seen from interior side. C: Masticatory margin of jaw. Abbreviations: am ampulla, al albumen gland, me membrane gland, mu mucous gland, p penis, pr prostate, rs receptaculum seminis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) androdiaulic. Short, narrow preampullary duct widening into elongate, slightly convoluted ampulla. Postampullary duct narrow, bifurcating into vas deferens and oviduct. Vas deferens initially thin, gradually widening, curving into wider prostatic portion. Prostatic portion continuing to widen, curving twice again before entering more muscular penial sac. Inside penial sac, short, blunt, unarmed penial papilla present. Penial sac exiting adjacent to opening of mucous gland at common genital aperture. Short oviduct entering elongate receptaculum seminis. Receptaculum highly muscularized with nodular surface. Nodular surface uncommon for genus. From distal base of receptaculum, second duct emerging, entering small albumen gland. Albumen gland encased in larger membrane gland. Mucous gland forming largest portion of female gland mass. Female gland mass with many folds, second more pale coloured portion present. Mucous gland terminating at genital aperture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBCFF953446F93E5B4702ED" blockId="7.[264,1323,1191,1897]" box="[312,517,1671,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953446F93E5B4702ED" bold="true" box="[312,517,1671,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Biological notes:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFBCFF953446F9165AC30325" blockId="7.[264,1323,1191,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Most specimens were found deeply burrowed into an unknown species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF953198F9095C680285" box="[1254,1322,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953198F9095C680285" box="[1254,1322,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1831;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF953490F96E5AD502BD" authority="Alcyonaria, Octocorallia" authorityName="Alcyonaria, Octocorallia" box="[494,919,1751,1777]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Xeniidae, Alcyonaria, Octocorallia</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The bodies of these specimens were not visible, only the cerata were slightly surpassing
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF9536DDF8B95AAD0355" box="[931,1007,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Xenia’</emphasis>
|
||
s tentacles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF953108F8B95829030D" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953108F8B95829030D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in the same location as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF953679F8915AEA030D" box="[775,936,1832,1857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF953679F8915AEA030D" box="[775,936,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even in the same
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFBCFF9531FDF8915D85030D" box="[1155,1223,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFBCFF9531FDF8915D85030D" box="[1155,1223,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but on different colonies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="570E4B7FFFBCFF953748F8F65A360325" author="Burghardt" box="[566,884,1871,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" refString="Burghardt, I., & Wagele, H. (2004) A new solar powered species of the genus Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea) from Indonesia with analysis of its photosynthetic activity and notes on biology. Zootaxa, 596, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">Burghardt & Wägele 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB3FF9A3446FEA55C4205E2" blockId="8.[264,1322,284,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A3446FEA55B180579" box="[312,602,284,309]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A3446FEA55B180579" box="[312,602,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very well camouflaged: A ceras mimics a whole closed polyp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A340AFEFD58FA0511" box="[372,440,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A340AFEFD58FA0511" box="[372,440,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in colour and shape. In each coral colony only one specimen was present.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB3FF9A3476FED5582405CA" box="[264,358,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F shows the emerging slug on top of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A363DFED55AC505C9" box="[835,903,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A363DFED55AC505C9" box="[835,903,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony; in
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB3FF9A3174FED55D2B05CA" box="[1034,1129,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C slug and coral are separated. Unfortunately there are no ecological data available for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC24882CFFB3FF9A3117FE2D5DD905E2" box="[1129,1179,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB3FF9A3446FE055D62063A" blockId="8.[264,1322,284,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The site close to Bunaken Island is a shallow lagoon, fringed by mangroves. The two specimens were found in the intertidal zone in approximately
|
||
<quantity id="F4679B6BFFB3FF9A36A6FE5D5D5905B2" box="[984,1051,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. The substrate is a mixture of sand, mud, coral rubble and living hard corals. On the coral rubble there are single colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A34A0FD8D5B600601" box="[478,546,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A34A0FD8D5B600601" box="[478,546,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most of the sandy patches around the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A3690FD8D5D700601" box="[1006,1074,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A3690FD8D5D700601" box="[1006,1074,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies are covered with seagrass. Water temperature was 31°C on average (
|
||
<date id="4721104EFFB3FF9A36E4FDE55D51063A" box="[922,1043,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2003-07">July 2003</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB3FF9A3446FD3D5825075A" blockId="8.[264,1322,284,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The second Indonesian locality close to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4B88761EFFB3FF9A366DFD3D5A1406D2" box="[787,854,644,670]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Pulau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Talise is an intact coral reef with some big dead coral blocks. The big specimen #3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A363FFD155A810689" box="[833,963,684,709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A363FFD155A810689" box="[833,963,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sitting isolated on top of one of these blocks resembling a whole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A37A2FD6D5A6206A1" box="[732,800,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A37A2FD6D5A6206A1" box="[732,800,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony. There were no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A314AFD6D5D3A06A1" box="[1076,1144,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A314AFD6D5D3A06A1" box="[1076,1144,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies in the vicinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67E06606FFB3FF9A3476F9CA58D70321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[269,1318,846,1627]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB3FF9A3476F9CA58D70321" blockId="8.[264,1323,1651,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A3476F9CA58D002C7" bold="true" box="[264,402,1651,1675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB3FF9A34DCF9CD5BED02C7" box="[418,687,1652,1675]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB3FF9A34DCF9CD5BED02C7" box="[418,687,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, histology: A: Ramification of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis in large ceras. B: Multiple saclike structures of the digestive glandular branches beneath epidermis of ceras. Note the zooxanthellae inside the digestive glandular cells and the lumen of the branches. C: Zooxanthellae inside the tissue of the terminal digestive glandular branches. Note the highly vacuolated cells of the epidermis. D: Zooxanthellae surrounded by digestive glandular cells from the lumen of a midgut branch. Note the dividing zooxanthellae cell (left middle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB2FF9B3476F98C5A3A032B" blockId="9.[264,1323,1589,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B3476F98C58CF0201" bold="true" box="[264,397,1589,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of photosynthetic activity of zooxanthellae in situ: A: Yield (IIemax) values measured against irradiance (light intensity) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B362AF9E25D18023E" box="[852,1114,1627,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B362AF9E25D18023E" box="[852,1114,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Phyllodesmium rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B3117F9E25DBE023E" box="[1129,1276,1627,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B3117F9E25DBE023E" box="[1129,1276,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">P. jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B3476F9C4580402D8" box="[264,326,1661,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B3476F9C4580402D8" box="[264,326,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Data based on measurements of eight specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B36DAF9C45D7502D8" box="[932,1079,1661,1684]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B36DAF9C45D7502D8" box="[932,1079,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">P. jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B3069F9C4582002FB" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B3069F9C4582002FB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B34B1F9195B4F02FB" box="[463,525,1696,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B34B1F9195B4F02FB" box="[463,525,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony. Note the higher values for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B36E1F9195A9F02FB" box="[927,989,1696,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B36E1F9195A9F02FB" box="[927,989,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at same irradiances. B: Yield values of one specimen (#2) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B3709F97A5BB20296" box="[631,752,1731,1754]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B3709F97A5BB20296" box="[631,752,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured over time during starvation period. The average line indicates a slight decrease of the yield values. C: Groundfluorescence (F0; [mV]) of one specimen (#2) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B377EF8B25B3B036E" box="[512,633,1803,1826]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B377EF8B25B3B036E" box="[512,633,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during starvation. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of photosynthetic active zooxanthellae. Average lines calculated by Windows Excel 2000 (Microsoft).
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB2FF9B34D1F8E95A10032B" box="[431,850,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B34D1F8E95B64032B" box="[431,550,1872,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">P. rudmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B372AF8E95BAA032B" box="[596,744,1872,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">P. jakobsenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB2FF9B366AF8E95A10032B" box="[788,850,1872,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB1FF983446FEA55D6D066A" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
All Indonesian specimens were immediately put into aquaria in order to perform longterm starvation experiments. The cerata easily autotomised when the animals were disturbed, probably because of the high water temperatures in the aquaria. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF98306BFED558CE05E1" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF98306BFED558CE05E1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the detached cerata exuded a sticky secretion and moved for some minutes. This secretion may have come from the few mucous cells found especially in the epidermis of the proximal part of the ceras and probably not from the “cellules spéciales” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="570E4B7FFFB1FF98346EFDB558B3066A" author="Edmunds" box="[272,497,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" refString="Edmunds, M. (1966) Protective mechanisms in the Eolidacea (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 46, 27 - 71." type="journal article" year="1966">Edmunds 1966: 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) since they have not been observed in the cerata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3320368EFFB1FF983446FD8D5D77075A" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
There was no diurnal behaviour observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF983616FD8D5AAC0601" box="[872,1006,564,589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF983616FD8D5AAC0601" box="[872,1006,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF98313DFD8D5DAB0601" box="[1091,1257,564,589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jakobsenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF98313DFD8D5DAB0601" box="[1091,1257,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. jakobsenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF9834CCFDE55B700639" box="[434,562,604,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF9834CCFDE55B700639" box="[434,562,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. rudmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
depends on its activity state. During resting periods it spreads its cerata and looks like an isolated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF9837EDFD3D5B9A06D1" box="[659,728,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF9837EDFD3D5B9A06D1" box="[659,728,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB1FF98363DFD3D5AC506D2" box="[835,903,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Almost the whole body is well camouflaged in this state. Similar behaviour can be seen in specimens sitting on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49F4D0DFFB1FF983198FD155C690689" box="[1254,1323,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01EBEA9CFFB1FF983198FD155C690689" box="[1254,1323,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB1FF98346FFD6D581106A2" box="[273,339,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Slugs that are in motion look quite different (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABA42A0BFFB1FF9836EDFD6D5AA306A2" box="[915,993,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[269,1307,317,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[269,1317,317,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllodesmium rudmani, living animals from North Sulawesi (A – D, F) and the Philippines (E): A: Dorsal view of moving specimen. B: Ventral view of moving specimen. C: P. rudmani with polyps of its food coral Xenia (right). D: Animal sitting inactive and mimicking Xenia polyps (same specimen as in F). E: Moving specimen from the Philippines in situ. F: One specimen sitting in Xenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173798/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1E): The notum, parts of the foot and particulary the rhinophores and oral tentacles are visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |