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<document id="72CD5170017080A6A4CE274038F4CB5A" ID-CLB-Dataset="46900" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d2bf7a6-415a-4fb2-8c8f-12b79f8a400a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257945" ID-ZooBank="1CC5D0E7-0B60-4E62-BACD-9775931ED7F9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460354321046" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souto, Javier, Berning, Björn &amp; Ostrovsky, Andrew N." docDate="2016" docId="862A8F25FFAE0C5DFF65F9505C213E94" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4067.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4067 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tessaradoma boreale Busk 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="7A13F75DFF8F0C79FFF2FF985F173879" masterDocTitle="Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic)" masterLastPageNumber="459" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="434" updateTime="1698293824137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="31722EBF50DA7DA1F3DC5CD6697AF939">Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="862A8F25FFAE0C5DFF65F9505C213E94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547347" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119408609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547347" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:862A8F25FFAE0C5DFF65F9505C213E94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/862A8F25FFAE0C5DFF65F9505C213E94" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<subSubSection id="46996DB8FFAE0C58FF65F9505E813F7D" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAE0C58FF65F9505D2E3E9B" blockId="33.[151,569,1736,1796]" box="[151,569,1736,1762]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<heading id="5574895FFFAE0C58FF65F9505D2E3E9B" bold="true" box="[151,569,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAE0C58FF65F9505D2E3E9B" ID-CoL="55J9P" authority="Busk, 1860" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,569,1736,1762]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF65F9505D2E3E9B" bold="true" box="[151,569,1736,1762]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF65F9505E823E9B" bold="true" box="[151,405,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
(Busk, 1860)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAE0C58FF65F9735E813F7D" blockId="33.[151,569,1736,1796]" box="[151,406,1771,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
(
<figureCitation id="96B822B6FFAE0C58FF6DF9735E373F7D" box="[159,288,1771,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 90" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[242,1344,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 90. Tessaradoma boreale: 84, erect part of colony (MNCN 25.03 / 3958); 85, encrusting part of colony; 86, 87, young and old colony parts with various degrees of secondary calcification (MNCN 25.03 / 3958, 3959); 88, lateral view of autozooids, one ovicellate (MNHN IB- 2013 - 628); 89, ancestrula and daughter zooids (MNCN 25.03 / 3962); 90, ancestrula (OLL 2015 / 909)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257962/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Figs 84–90</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="43010B88FFAE0C58FED9F9735E9A3F7D" box="[299,397,1771,1796]" captionStart="TABLE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1316,202,807]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="TABLE 15. Measurements (in mm) of Tessaradoma boreale." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5AFC6EBBFFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" tableUuid="5AFC6EBBFFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6">Table 15</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46996DB8FFAE0C58FF65F8AB5DCC3FFF" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAE0C58FF65F8AB5DAC3F30" blockId="33.[151,1141,1843,1926]" box="[151,699,1843,1865]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAE0C58FF65F8AB5D063F30" authority="Busk, 1860: 213" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,529,1843,1865]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Margarettidae" genus="Onchopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF65F8AB5E753F30" box="[151,354,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Onchopora borealis</emphasis>
Busk, 1860: 213
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 28, figs 6–7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAE0C58FF65F8CA5DCC3FFF" blockId="33.[151,1141,1843,1926]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAE0C58FF65F8CA5D2E3F11" ID-CoL="55J9P" authority="Hayward 1979: 60" authorityName="Hayward" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,569,1874,1896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF65F8CA5E783F11" box="[151,367,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
: Hayward 1979: 60
</taxonomicName>
(listed); Hayward &amp; Ryland 1999: 182, figs 68C, D, 69.?
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAE0C58FF5AF8E85D533FFF" ID-CoL="55J9P" authority="Winston 2005: 55" authorityName="Winston" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="2005" box="[168,580,1904,1926]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF5AF8E85E963FFF" box="[168,385,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
: Winston 2005: 55
</taxonomicName>
, figs 146–154.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46996DB8FFAE0C5BFF65F82B5E713881" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAE0C5BFF65F82B5E713881" blockId="33.[151,1437,1971,2032]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAE0C58FF65F82B5E953FB5" bold="true" box="[151,386,1971,1996]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FE79F82C5EC83FB5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[395,479,1972,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNCN</collectionCode>
25.03/3958, 3959, locality
<date id="7A3D18F3FFAE0C58FCE9F82C5C583FB5" box="[795,847,1972,1996]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" value="2001-05">V01</date>
;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FCAEF82C5CA73FB5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[860,944,1972,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNCN</collectionCode>
25.03/3960, locality DR02;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FB0BF82C5A5A3FB5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1273,1357,1972,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNCN</collectionCode>
25.03/ 3961, locality DR01;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FE7CF84F5EF53F96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[398,482,2007,2031]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNCN</collectionCode>
25.03/3962, locality
<date id="7A3D18F3FFAE0C58FD27F84F5C1E3F96" box="[725,777,2007,2031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" value="2001-05">V01</date>
;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FCE7F8405C7D3F96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[789,874,2008,2031]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FC81F84F5C8E3F89" box="[883,921,2007,2032]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">IB-</collectionCode>
2013-628, locality DW117;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FB2AF8405A3A3F96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1240,1325,2008,2031]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAE0C58FAC4F84F5A4C3F96" box="[1334,1371,2007,2031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">IB-</collectionCode>
2013- 629, locality DW106; OLL 2015/909, 910, 924 a, b, c, locality DW117; OLL 2015/911, locality
<date id="7A3D18F3FFAD0C5BFA96FF005A8F38C9" box="[1380,1432,152,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" value="2001-05">V01</date>
;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAD0C5BFF65FF245E1438AC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[151,259,188,213]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1899.7.1.2611,
<collectingCountry id="76947EA3FFAD0C5BFE42FF245D0238AC" box="[432,533,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Shetland</collectingCountry>
, the Kerries, Barlee, Busk Coll.,
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFC62FF255CD338AC" box="[912,964,189,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
;
<collectionCode id="6892A6F6FFAD0C5BFC23FF255B2C38AD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[977,1083,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1899.7.1.2614,
<collectingCountry id="76947EA3FFAD0C5BFB06FF245A4E38AC" box="[1268,1369,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Shetland</collectingCountry>
,
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFA97FF255A8F38AC" box="[1381,1432,189,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
, Barlee, Busk Coll.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46996DB8FFAD0C5BFF35FE9C5B123D2C" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FE9C5BA539FE" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFF35FE9C5E4E3964" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Description.</emphasis>
Colony erect, rigid, dichotomously branching, arising from a short biserial encrusting part. Encrusting zooids spindle-shaped, arranged in two alternating series as branching runners; zooidal morphology similar to zooids in erect colony part but with less-conspicuous areolar pores, spiramen positioned closer to peristome, slightly more rugose peristomial surface and round (not oval) peristomial aperture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FE0D5E643B6C" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Erect branches cylindrical, slender, formed by 2 alternating back-to-back pairs of autozooids; these elongaterectangular to hexagonal, separated by indistinct sutures soon obscured by secondary calcification; frontal shield slightly convex, abruptly rising around spiramen and peristome, surface with longitudinally aligned wrinkles, imperforate except for spiramen and a single row of numerous round and relatively large marginal areolar pores that become slit-like and often closed during ontogenetic calcification; round spiramen on summit of short but prominent tube, situated proximal to and some distance from peristome. Primary orifice rounded or transversely Dshaped, obscured by long, tubular peristome with wrinkled or tuberculate surface, distinctly projecting from frontal plane at angle of about 110–120, thus directed somewhat distally; peristomial aperture round or more commonly transversely oval with distal and proximal edges occasionally more elevated than lateral ones. During ontogeny, the ooecium, and to a lesser extent the spiramen and peristome, become increasingly immersed in thickening frontal shield calcification.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FC875E243BF9" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Ovicell peristomial (ooecium incorporated into distal part of peristome), formed by distal zooid. Visible part of ooecium globular, broader than long; ectooecium membranous, surface of calcified endooecium like that of zooidal frontal shield.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FC145E483C21" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Avicularia adventitious, small, paired, oval, substituting for marginal pores at same level as, or slightly proximal to, spiramen; cystid slightly raised at first and usually somewhat oblique to zooidal surface, later immersed in secondary calcification; additional avicularia may be developed anywhere on frontal surface during Ontogeny; rostrum short, semi-elliptical, directed proximally to laterally, distolateral margin slightly raised and somewhat serrated; crossbar complete, without columella, palatal foramen semi-elliptical, postmandibular opesia distinctly smaller.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FBFC5B123D2C" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Ancestrula elongate-oval, highly convex, smooth distal gymnocystal margins narrow and low, proximolateral gymnocystal walls extensive and steeply sloping, with narrow V-shaped central area composed of fused and nonarticulated mural spines (costae) that are extremely broad, short-branched and horizontally aligned, the area between spine bases filled by growth of tips of neighbouring costae; 2 distalmost costae raised, with flattened or cyclindrical branch tips fusing in centre, proximally framing a prominent and slightly bent peristome with nodular interior-walled surface as in autozooids; suborbicular peristomial aperture flared, primary orifice immersed, with calcified distolateral rim. Sole daughter zooid from ancestrula budded distally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46996DB8FFAD0C5DFF35FAC75C213E94" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35FAC75E3F3E0D" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFF35FAC75E2C3D01" bold="true" box="[199,315,1375,1400]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFEB0FAC75D243D01" box="[322,563,1375,1400]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFEB0FAC75D243D01" box="[322,563,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely reported species from the outer shelf and slopes of the North and South Atlantic from the Arctic to the tropics, from depths of
<quantity id="C97B93D6FFAD0C5BFCCFFA1C5CC33DE5" box="[829,980,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" unit="m" value="1875.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 3700 m</quantity>
, respectively (Cheetham 1972; Hayward &amp; Ryland 1999, p. 182). However, when describing specimens from the Caribbean and noticing certain differences, Winston (2005, p. 56) suggested that
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFDA6FA555DDF3D9C" box="[596,712,1484,1509]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFDA6FA555DDF3D9C" box="[596,712,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species complex and in need of revision. Morphological differences between populations from different regions are, nevertheless, extremely subtle, which would render morphological redefinition of species difficult. Intracolonial variability adds further to this problem as secondary calcification during ontogeny greatly alters surface morphology and disguises some of the characters in proximal colony parts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAD0C5BFF35F9E75B1C3FA4" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
The description given above is based on Galicia Bank specimens, which differ from the
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFB47F9195BF23EE0" box="[1205,1253,1665,1689]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFAFEF9195A693EE1" box="[1292,1406,1663,1688]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFAFEF9195A693EE1" box="[1292,1406,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in some quantitative characters. Part of the
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFD93F93D5D863EC4" box="[609,657,1701,1725]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
material (NHMUK 1899.7.1.2611 and NHMUK 1899.7.1.2614) was photographed using SEM for purposes of comparison. Thorough analysis and redescription of the
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFB1DF9515A083E98" box="[1263,1311,1737,1761]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
specimens is, however, beyond the scope of this paper. In our specimens areolar pores are not as conspicuous, and the peristome, spiramen and avicularia are slightly larger/longer than in
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFC6DF8895CCD3F50" box="[927,986,1809,1833]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFBF3F8895B673F51" box="[1025,1136,1807,1832]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFBF3F8895B673F51" box="[1025,1136,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Despite these differences we have decided to assign the Galicia Bank specimens to
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFCC5F8AD5CBE3F34" box="[823,937,1844,1869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFCC5F8AD5CBE3F34" box="[823,937,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inasmuch as 1) the degree of intraspecific variability in
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAD0C5BFEDDF8C15EB73F09" box="[303,416,1879,1904]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFEDDF8C15EB73F09" box="[303,416,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown, and 2) because the species has been recorded more or less continuously from
<collectingCountry id="76947EA3FFAD0C5BFF65F8E45FEB3FEC" box="[151,252,1916,1941]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Shetland</collectingCountry>
, its
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFEDAF8E55E4F3FEC" box="[296,344,1917,1941]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
locality, along the European continental slope to northern
<collectingCountry id="76947EA3FFAD0C5BFC1BF8E45B3D3FEC" box="[1001,1066,1916,1941]" name="Georgia" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Iberia</collectingCountry>
(Hayward 1978, 1979; Hayward &amp; Ryland 1999; Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001; Reverter-Gil
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAD0C5BFC3EF8395CE83FC0" box="[972,1023,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 2014). A thorough redescription of the
<typeStatus id="D1388091FFAD0C5BFF32F85D5FE73FA4" box="[192,240,1989,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
material, in conjunction with a genetic analysis, is certainly necessary.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5AFC6EBBFFAC0C5AFF65F8DB5E513FCC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257962/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" targetBox="[242,1343,193,1837]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAC0C5AFF65F8DB5E513FCC" blockId="35.[151,1436,1859,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFF65F8DB5E423F20" bold="true" box="[151,341,1859,1881]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">FIGURES 84–90.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAC0C5AFEAEF8DB5D223F20" box="[348,565,1859,1881]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFEAEF8DB5D223F20" box="[348,565,1859,1881]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFDB6F8DB5D743F20" bold="true" box="[580,611,1859,1881]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">84,</emphasis>
erect part of colony (MNCN 25.03/3958);
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFBEDF8DB5B283F20" bold="true" box="[1055,1087,1859,1881]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">85,</emphasis>
encrusting part of colony;
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFAA7F8DB5A8B3F20" bold="true" box="[1365,1436,1859,1881]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">86, 87,</emphasis>
young and old colony parts with various degrees of secondary calcification (MNCN 25.03/3958, 3959);
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFB2EF8FA5BEC3F01" bold="true" box="[1244,1275,1890,1912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">88,</emphasis>
lateral view of autozooids, one ovicellate (MNHN IB-2013-628);
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFD59F8185DDD3FEF" bold="true" box="[683,714,1920,1942]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">89,</emphasis>
ancestrula and daughter zooids (MNCN 25.03/3962);
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAC0C5AFAFEF8185A3C3FEF" bold="true" box="[1292,1323,1920,1942]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">90,</emphasis>
ancestrula (OLL 2015/909).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5AFC6EBBFFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6" ID-Table-UUID="5AFC6EBBFFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6" box="[151,806,152,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5AFC6EBBFFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" targetBox="[151,1316,202,807]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFF65FF005C3138D6" blockId="36.[151,806,152,175]" box="[151,806,152,175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFF65FF005E0038D6" bold="true" box="[151,279,152,175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">TABLE 15.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFDC8FF005C3538D6" box="[570,802,152,175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">Tessaradoma boreale</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFDBEFF535DD13B5E" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<table id="7C83CC93FFABF386FF65FF525A333B5E" box="[151,1316,202,807]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FF525A333899" box="[151,1316,202,224]" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FF525DD13899" box="[151,710,202,224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Mean</th>
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FCF2FF525C513899" box="[768,838,202,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">SD</th>
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FC46FF525B0E3899" box="[948,1049,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Minimum</th>
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FB9BFF525BC53899" box="[1129,1234,202,224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Maximum</th>
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FAF8FF525A333899" box="[1290,1316,202,224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">N</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FF6C5A333925" box="[151,1316,244,348]" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FF6C5DD13925" box="[151,710,244,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Autozooid length 0.766 Autozooid width 0.296 Peristomial aperture length 0.086</th>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FCF2FF6C5C513925" box="[768,838,244,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.0798 0.0370 0.0104</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FC46FF6C5B0E3925" box="[948,1049,244,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.629 0.227 0.072</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FB9BFF6C5BC53925" box="[1129,1234,244,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.911 0.342 0.096</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FAF8FF6C5A333925" box="[1290,1316,244,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">15 10 5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FEE85A333A59" box="[151,1316,368,544]" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FEE85DD13A59" box="[151,710,368,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Peristomial aperture width 0.111 Spiramen diameter 0.032 Distance between spiramen and 0.231 peristomial aperture Avicularium length 0.048</th>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FCF2FEE85C513A59" box="[768,838,368,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.0042 0.0018 0.0344 0.0064</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FC46FEE85B0E3A59" box="[948,1049,368,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.105 0.029 0.165 0.037</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FB9BFEE85BC53A59" box="[1129,1234,368,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.116 0.034 0.280 0.057</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FAF8FEE85A333A59" box="[1290,1316,368,544]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">5 6 21 16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FDAC5A333AE5" box="[151,1316,564,668]" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FDAC5DD13AE5" box="[151,710,564,668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Avicularium width 0.036 Ancestrula length 0.404 Ancestrula width 0.202</th>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FCF2FDAC5C513AE5" box="[768,838,564,668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.0043 0.0101 0.0077</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FC46FDAC5B0E3AE5" box="[948,1049,564,668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.028 0.394 0.194</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FB9BFDAC5BC53AE5" box="[1129,1234,564,668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.043 0.417 0.212</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FAF8FDAC5A333AE5" box="[1290,1316,564,668]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">16 4 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FD285A333A96" box="[151,1316,688,751]" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FD285DD13A96" box="[151,710,688,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Ancestrular aperture length 0.093 Ancestrular aperture width 0.099</th>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FCF2FD285C513A96" box="[768,838,688,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.0053 0.0017</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FC46FD285B0E3A96" box="[948,1049,688,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.085 0.097</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FB9BFD285BC53A96" box="[1129,1234,688,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">0.097 0.101</td>
<td id="F362550DFFABF386FAF8FD285A333A96" box="[1290,1316,688,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">4 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B0B33C71FFABF386FF65FC885A333B5E" box="[151,1316,784,807]" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="F362550DFFABF386FF65FC885DD13B5E" box="[151,710,784,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">SD, standard deviation; N, number of measurements</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFF35FCD75B723C64" blockId="36.[151,1437,847,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Cheetham’s (1972) work on the depth distribution of this species suggests that
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFB94FCC95BCD3B11" box="[1126,1242,847,872]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFB94FCC95BCD3B11" box="[1126,1242,847,872]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dependent on relatively cool temperatures, and therefore occurs in increasingly deeper waters towards the equator. Nevertheless, the depth distribution on Galicia Bank is deeper than Cheetham’s estimate for this latitude (c.
<quantity id="C97B93D6FFAB0C5DFB5EFC005BE43BD6" box="[1196,1267,920,944]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
at 42º N). This deviation could be related to higher temperatures around Galicia Bank, which is under the influence of Mediterranean Outflow Water, which has a temperature of 10.5–11º C (Cartes
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFBD2FC795B433B81" box="[1056,1108,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2014). This difference may possibly stem from the fact that Cheetham's work was based on more than one species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFF35FBBF5B283D19" blockId="36.[151,1437,847,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
The ancestrula of
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFE7CFBB15EE93C39" box="[398,510,1063,1088]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFE7CFBB15EE93C39" box="[398,510,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very striking, and is here described for the first time (given that the Galicia Bank population is indeed conspecific). To our knowledge, the only previous record of an ancestrula in this genus was given by Hayward (1981, 48, figs 25C, D) when describing
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFCBFFBF75A4B3CF1" authority="Hayward &amp; Cook, 1979" authorityName="Hayward &amp; Cook" authorityYear="1979" box="[845,1372,1135,1160]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="circella">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFCBFFBF75B573CF1" box="[845,1088,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tessaradoma circella</emphasis>
Hayward &amp; Cook, 1979
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="76947EA3FFAB0C5DFF65FB0C5E393CD4" box="[151,302,1172,1197]" name="South Africa" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. It was reported as tatiform with a series of branched marginal spines overarching an opesia that occupies the entire frontal surface, with the branches fusing along the midline of the zooid. In fact, it differs significantly from a typical tatiform ancestrula, which has simple, straight, cylindrical spines surrounding an oval opesia. Although not described, Hayward's (1981, fig. 25C) drawing of the ancestrula shows the development of a peristome that is either formed by the distalmost pair of flattened and branching spines or by a vertical extension of the gymnocystal, distolateral, vertical walls, which is not evident from the drawing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFF35FAF45EB23EDC" blockId="36.[151,1437,847,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
The ancestrula of
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFE6DFAF55D033DFC" box="[415,532,1388,1413]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFE6DFAF55D033DFC" box="[415,532,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Galicia Bank is similar in that the few mural spines are flattened and branching. In our specimens, however, they are positioned horizontally, are extremely short, tightly fused in the middle, and are reminiscent of cribrimorph costae. The frontal membrane is thus entirely overarched by the extremely well-developed proximolateral gymnocyst and the central costate frontal shield. A gymnocystal peristome, as present in
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFE5FFA655D093E6C" box="[429,542,1532,1557]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="circella">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFE5FFA655D093E6C" box="[429,542,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. circella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, does not exist in the Galicia Bank specimens. Instead, there is a long tubular peristome made of cryptocystal-like fabric identical to those of later autozooids. The combination of a gymnocystal (‘spinocystal’) and an interior-walled frontal shield seems to be a specific and unique character, and can be interpreted as one of the complex morphologies characterising the evolution of the umbonulomorph frontal shield (Gordon &amp; Voigt 1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3C3E33FFAB0C5DFF35F9375C213E94" blockId="36.[151,1437,847,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="C98345B0FFAB0C5DFF35F9375EAD3EB1" box="[199,442,1711,1736]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Tessaradomidae" genus="Tessaradoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreale">
<emphasis id="3CF7E221FFAB0C5DFF35F9375EAD3EB1" box="[199,442,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tessaradoma boreale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from 21 stations over the entire depth range sampled (between 675 and
<quantity id="C97B93D6FFAB0C5DFF65F94C5FF83E95" box="[151,239,1748,1773]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6969999999999998" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="1697.0">1697 m</quantity>
), encrusting mainly corals but also rocks and shells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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