treatments-xml/data/3F/0F/87/3F0F87D6FFCC647F54FF05A1E99D7E44.xml

<document id="C5D94E99BCF607D48CBE45DF2FDA108B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239318" ID-ZooBank="E45E8227-5CE3-4C26-9E2E-6B65495D9566" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1732799879600" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ghaderi, Edris, Namayandeh, Armin, Ibrahimi, Halil, Mohammadi, Habibollah, Karimian, Erfan, Mansouri, Arman &amp; Molodi, Farshad" docDate="2024" docId="3F0F87D6FFCC647F54FF05A1E99D7E44" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5537.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5537 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympotthastia golalae Ghaderi, Namayandeh et Karimian 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="C336FFAEFFC4647054680316EB4D796D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Central Iranian Range and Elburz Mountains (Iran), with new faunistic records for the subfamily" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="76" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1733348102322" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B9D110F15622F9855516C640E6489615">Two new species of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Central Iranian Range and Elburz Mountains (Iran), with new faunistic records for the subfamily</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A89951147079447DC4CF92B6E181524">Ghaderi, Edris</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8EFFC9628A4B660500D18535BDF49621">Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran &amp; Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="740C209E9321B9DED729E7FD5231F0C2">Namayandeh, Armin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08DD39F55DEA858EB19546188D641CA1">Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E4B9F06ADCC095D50855F19724348344">Ibrahimi, Halil</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="437CC1A851F224F90E797ADABC1E16AE">Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, “ Hasan Prishtina ”, Prishtina, Kosovo</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97522D4C3C6FC9F27947E49C0E9A3E91">Mohammadi, Habibollah</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C83B442C58F8F2EFBB77D74E9F07459E">Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran &amp; Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="55E27C9A10104810D9F0851D70CC307C">Karimian, Erfan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7AD8697A9E78A1950ED27539810183E8">Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran &amp; Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="46EFD3957E9455F1F780E66CD1171EE2">Mansouri, Arman</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7AB77DC72505F421D00872B03ADA6A49">Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="16BB38F4A0C533FF5B1AA18DE690238E">Molodi, Farshad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="914BE39711256EAEE77C00417B75C83C">Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F19FC3FE35DDA4B1963FD4F0E576D9F8">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="FFBC654BFFCC647854FF05A1E89C7FBC" box="[151,977,1719,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCC647854FF05A1E89C7FBC" blockId="8.[151,977,1719,1818]" box="[151,977,1719,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="EC5181ACFFCC647854FF05A1E89C7FBC" bold="true" box="[151,977,1719,1746]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC647854FF05A1E89C7FBC" bold="true" box="[151,977,1719,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCC647854FF05A1E82B7FBC" authority="Ghaderi, Namayandeh et Karimian" authorityName="Ghaderi, Namayandeh et Karimian" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,870,1719,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC647854FF05A1EAEF7FBF" bold="true" box="[151,418,1719,1746]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
Ghaderi, Namayandeh 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC647856A605AEE9AE7FBF" bold="true" box="[718,739,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">et</emphasis>
Karimian
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCC6478571B05A1E89C7FBC" box="[883,977,1719,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 
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<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCC647854FF05E9EA4D7E77" box="[151,256,1791,1818]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId-0="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetId-1="figure-137@10.[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetId-2="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male. A. wing. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, median volsella and phallapodeme indicated by arrows. C. superior volsella and spiniferous median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239330" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14239330/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCC647854FF0451E8D97EA0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1863,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC647854FF0451EA077E0C" bold="true" box="[151,330,1863,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="07CE3C9DFFCC6478553E0451EF237EE8" collectingDate="2023-03-27" collectionCode="ROM" collectorName="E. Ghaderi &amp; E. Karimian" country="Iran" elevation="1936" location="Bayanchub" municipality="Central Iranian Range" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kurdistan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="681D8862FFCC6478553E0451EA8E7E0C" box="[342,451,1863,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male; 
<collectingCountry id="CFB17650FFCC64785674045EE9017E0F" box="[540,588,1864,1890]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="7562F822FFCC647856340451E8717E0C" box="[604,828,1863,1889]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Kurdistan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="577DACBAFFCC647857250451EF1D7E0F" box="[845,1104,1863,1890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Central Iranian Range</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="B279601BFFCC647850090451EFAE7E0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F0F87D6FFCC647F54FF05A1E99D7E44:B279601BFFCC647850090451EFAE7E0C" box="[1121,1251,1863,1889]" country="Iran" municipality="Central Iranian Range" name="Bayanchub" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Kurdistan Province">Bayanchub</location>
; 35.5734466˚N, 46.971835˚E; elev. 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCC64785513047DEA9A7EEB" box="[379,471,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.936" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1936.0">
<elevation id="3C8BD1F3FFCC64785513047DEA9A7EEB" box="[379,471,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.936" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1936.0">1936 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="C3181000FFCC6478558E047DE92E7EE8" box="[486,611,1899,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" value="2023-03-27">
<collectingDate id="D35CE9E8FFCC6478558E047DE92E7EE8" box="[486,611,1899,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" value="2023-03-27">27.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; leg. 
<collectorName id="1A535316FFCC647856CF047AE8697EE8" box="[679,804,1899,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">E. Ghaderi</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="1A535316FFCC64785739047AE8AC7EE8" box="[849,993,1899,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">E. Karimian</collectorName>
; dep. 
<collectionCode id="D1B7AE05FFCC64785043047DEF237EE8" box="[1067,1134,1899,1925]" collectionName="Canada Entomology Department, Royal Ontario Museum" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="07CE3C9DFFCC64785015047AEA6C7EC4" collectingDate="2023-03-27" collectionCode="ROM" collectorName="E. Ghaderi &amp; E. Karimian" country="Iran" elevation="1936" location="Bayanchub" municipality="Central Iranian Range" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Kurdistan Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="681D8862FFCC64785015047AEFA37EEB" box="[1149,1262,1900,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="A1A0FD49FFCC64785095047DEE1A7EE8" box="[1277,1367,1899,1925]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
same as holotype.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="07CE3C9DFFCC647855410499E8DD7EA0" collectingDate="2023-03-14" collectionCode="ROM" collectorName="E. Ghaderi" country="Iran" elevation="1562" location="Saqqez River" municipality="Central Iranian Range" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Kurdistan Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="A1A0FD49FFCC647855410499EA3B7EC4" box="[297,374,1935,1961]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="A1A0FD49FFCC647855D90499E9557EC4" box="[433,536,1935,1961]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCountry id="CFB17650FFCC6478564D0486E9187EC7" box="[549,597,1936,1962]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="7562F822FFCC6478560A0499E8727EC4" box="[610,831,1935,1961]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Kurdistan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="577DACBAFFCC647857250499EF077EC7" box="[845,1098,1935,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Central Iranian Range</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="B279601BFFCC647850300499EFB97EC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F0F87D6FFCC647F54FF05A1E99D7E44:B279601BFFCC647850300499EFB97EC4" box="[1112,1268,1935,1961]" country="Iran" municipality="Central Iranian Range" name="Saqqez River" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Kurdistan Province">Saqqez River</location>
; 36.236831˚N, 46.105522˚E; elev. 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCC6478551A04A5EA877EA3" box="[370,458,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5619999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1562.0">
<elevation id="3C8BD1F3FFCC6478551A04A5EA877EA3" box="[370,458,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5619999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1562.0">1562 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="C3181000FFCC647855BE04A5E91E7EA0" box="[470,595,1971,1997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" value="2023-03-14">
<collectingDate id="D35CE9E8FFCC647855BE04A5E91E7EA0" box="[470,595,1971,1997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" value="2023-03-14">14.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; leg. 
<collectorName id="1A535316FFCC647856E604A2E8467EA0" box="[654,779,1971,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">E. Ghaderi</collectorName>
; dep. 
<collectionCode id="D1B7AE05FFCC6478572504A5E8DD7EA0" box="[845,912,1971,1997]" collectionName="Canada Entomology Department, Royal Ontario Museum" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCC647954AF04C1EA0A7870" blockId="8.[151,1437,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC647854AF04C1EA9B7E9C" bold="true" box="[199,470,2007,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCC6478558904CEE91B7E9C" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[481,598,2007,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC6478558904CEE91B7E9C" box="[481,598,2007,2034]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCC6478560904C1E9F27E9C" bold="true" box="[609,703,2007,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCC6478560904C1E9F27E9C" box="[609,703,2007,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be separated from related species based on the following combination of characters: The adults are very large, with extended wings. Male with AR 3.7–4.0; HW/ 
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0.87– 0.94; sigmoid superior volsella with apically rounded distal part; spiniferous median volsella long and very wide, with apex reaching beyond the 2/3 
<superScript id="40D39B88FFCD6479567003C8E96B7981" attach="left" box="[536,550,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">rd</superScript>
of the superior volsella. Female with HW/ 
<collectionCode id="D1B7AE05FFCD6479506903C9EF6C7994" box="[1025,1057,223,249]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="9" pageNumber="85" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
0.88; seminal capsule ovate, with a reduced neck.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFBC654BFFCD647954AF0231E9627808" pageId="9" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCD647954AF0231E9627808" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD647954AF0231EA03782C" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named in honor of Golale Eshghi, who has tirelessly supported our ongoing studies and research for many years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCD647954FF05DDE8EE7E65" blockId="9.[151,1437,1739,1800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD647954FF05DDEA5F7F89" bold="true" box="[151,274,1739,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCD6479557F05DDEAB57F8E" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,504,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD6479557F05DDEAB57F8E" box="[279,504,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD6479559505DAE9007F89" bold="true" box="[509,589,1740,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCD6479559505DAE9007F89" box="[509,589,1740,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
adult male (A–E). A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FFBC654BFFCD647B54FF0445EF267FAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="9" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCD647954FF0445EA657E00" blockId="9.[151,296,1875,1901]" box="[151,296,1875,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD647954FF0445EA657E00" bold="true" box="[151,296,1875,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCD647954FF0482EE7A7EC3" blockId="9.[151,1436,1940,2045]" box="[151,1335,1940,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD647954FF0482EA507EC3" bold="true" box="[151,285,1940,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">Adult male</emphasis>
(n = 5). Total length 6.5–7.2, 
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. Wing 4.3–4.7, 
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long and 1.1–1.3, 
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wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCD647954AF04AEE8777E9B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1940,2045]" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCD647954AF04AEEA0F7EBF" box="[199,322,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">Coloration</emphasis>
. Head, thorax, halters and abdomen dark brown, legs slightly lighter. Wing bicolored, with cells m, r, r 
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, and r 
<subScript id="2B223485FFCD6479556E04F9EA6D7E90" attach="left" box="[262,288,2031,2045]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="85">4+5</subScript>
brown and remaining cells light greyish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCE647A54AF0381EF9C78E4" blockId="10.[151,1436,150,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A54AF0381EA4979DC" box="[199,260,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A557C0381EADD79DC" box="[276,400,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
). Antenna with 13 flagellomere; last flagellomere with 15–22, 17 sensilla chaetica (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A51550381EEC079DC" box="[1341,1421,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-40@2.[151,1436,237,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sampling habitats, East Azerbaijan Province (A–C), Kurdistan Province (D–G). A. sampling habitat in the stream near Sahand Mountain, Kandovan Village. B. stream channel passing through the Kandovan Village outskirts. C. stream near Kaleybar Village. D. stream on the outskirts of Bayanchub village. E. foreground of the stream on the outskirts of Bayanchub village F. sampling habitat in the tributary of Saqqez River. G. foreground of the tributary of Saqqez River." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239320/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), 2 
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–3 
<superScript id="40D39B88FFCE647A54BA03ACEBAD79A5" attach="left" box="[210,224,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">rd</superScript>
segments each with 2 sensilla chaetica, groove starts at 4 
<superScript id="40D39B88FFCE647A570B03ACE83D79A5" attach="left" box="[867,880,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">th</superScript>
segment; subapical setae 32–61, 45 μm long; AR 3.7–4.0, 3.8 (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A555903C9EAC37994" box="[305,398,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Eyes bare, with short dorsomedial extension. Temporal setae 8 outer verticals (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A515C03C9EEC27994" box="[1332,1423,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Tentorium 272–319, 303 μm long. Clypeus ovate-shaped, without long setae, 85–115, 100 μm long and 133–183, 161 μm wide. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 89–121, 106; 90–108, 96; 180–194, 186; 227–294, 265; 241–253, 245; second and third palpomere partially fused; third palpomere with 3 sensilla chaetica and circular sensilla capitata at the base, apex with large semicircular sclerotized projection. HW/PL 0.87–0.94, 0.91.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3D96648FFCE647A54FF0513EECE7F2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239330/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86" startId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1518]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCE647A54FF0513EECE7F2F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1541,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A54FF0513EA5B7F70" bold="true" box="[151,278,1541,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCE647A55770510E9497F73" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,516,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A55770510E9497F73" box="[287,516,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A56650510E92C7F73" bold="true" box="[525,609,1542,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCE647A56650510E92C7F73" box="[525,609,1542,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
adult male. A. wing. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, median volsella and phallapodeme indicated by arrows. C. superior volsella and spiniferous median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCE647A54AF0566E88E7FC3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1648,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A54AF0566EA557FE7" box="[199,280,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A55410566EAC87FE6" box="[297,389,1648,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Dorsocentrals 26–40, 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCE647A56FE0566E99C7FE7" box="[662,721,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="35.0">35 in</quantity>
two to three rows; prealars 15–22, 19; scutellars 50–74, 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCE647A51090566EED17FE7" box="[1377,1436,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="10" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="59.0">59 in</quantity>
several rows. Antepronotal lobes with small gap, bearing 7–13, 11 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCE647A54AF05AFE8287E77" blockId="10.[151,1437,1648,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A54AF05AFEA4C7FBF" box="[199,257,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCE647A556705AEEA247FBF" box="[271,361,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-137@10.[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male. A. wing. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, median volsella and phallapodeme indicated by arrows. C. superior volsella and spiniferous median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239330/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 83–104, 93 setae. R with 8–16, 13 setae, R 
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with 12–22, 17 setae, other veins bare. Alula bare. Costa extension 140–181, 167 μm long. Anal lobe well-produced. VR = 0.7–0.9, 0.8. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 100 × magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCE647A54AF0433EE037EEB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1648,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCE647A54AF0433EBB17E53" box="[199,252,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="86">Legs</emphasis>
. All legs with long beards. Fore tibia spur 102–138, 115 μm long, mid tibia spurs 86–106, 94 and 69–92, 83 μm long, hind tibia spurs 100–141, 117 and 62–82, 74 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 12–15, 14 spines. Pseudospurs on tarsal segments 1–2 of the mid and hind legs. Lengths and proportions of legs as in 
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54FF038EEF9D79DD" blockId="11.[151,1232,152,177]" box="[151,1232,152,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54FF038EEA4779DD" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B5756038EEF6179DD" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[830,1068,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5756038EEF6179DD" box="[830,1068,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B505B038FEFC579DC" bold="true" box="[1075,1160,153,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B505B038FEFC579DC" box="[1075,1160,153,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B557F03D6EE1E783F" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<table id="C5A6C460FFCF9B8F54CB03D6EE1E783A" box="[163,1363,192,343]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B557F03D6EA6679B5" bold="true" box="[279,299,192,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">fe</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E403D6EAF279B3" box="[396,447,192,222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B55E403D6EAD679B5" bold="true" box="[396,411,192,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ti</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B566903D7E95B79B4" bold="true" box="[513,534,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B567E03C6E95079B3" bold="true" box="[534,541,208,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B561E03D7E9C679B4" bold="true" box="[630,651,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B56E303C6E9DF79B3" bold="true" box="[651,658,208,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B568303D7E84D79B4" bold="true" box="[747,768,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B576803C6E84A79B3" bold="true" box="[768,775,208,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B573703D7E83979B4" bold="true" box="[863,884,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B571D03C6E83179B3" bold="true" box="[885,892,208,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">4</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B57BC03D7E8A479B4" bold="true" box="[980,1001,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B578103C6E8BD79B3" bold="true" box="[1001,1008,208,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">5</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F502103D6EF2179B3" box="[1097,1132,192,222]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B502103D7EF2179B4" bold="true" box="[1097,1132,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">LR</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B50D603D7EFAC79B4" bold="true" box="[1214,1249,193,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">BV</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B03D6EE1E79B3" box="[1331,1363,192,222]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B515B03D6EE1E79B5" bold="true" box="[1331,1363,192,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">SV</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB03FFEE1E786B" box="[163,1363,233,262]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB03FFEBF4786B" box="[163,185,233,262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB03FFEBFF786C" bold="true" box="[163,178,233,257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA03EEEBF4786B" bold="true" box="[178,185,248,262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F03FFEA07786B" box="[279,330,233,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1649</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E403FFEAF2786B" box="[396,447,233,262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1821</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F566903FFE979786B" box="[513,564,233,262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1223</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E03FFE9D1786B" box="[630,668,233,262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">635</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F568303FFE85C786B" box="[747,785,233,262]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">441</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F573703FFE8C8786B" box="[863,901,233,262]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">249</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC03FFE8B7786B" box="[980,1018,233,262]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">217</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F502103FFEF21786B" box="[1097,1132,233,262]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">0.7</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D603FFEFAC786B" box="[1214,1249,233,262]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.1</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B03FFEE1E786B" box="[1331,1363,233,262]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB0207EE1E7842" box="[163,1363,273,303]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB0207EBF47842" box="[163,185,273,303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB0207EBFF7844" bold="true" box="[163,178,273,297]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA0237EBF47842" bold="true" box="[178,185,289,303]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F0207EA077842" box="[279,330,273,303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1758</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E40207EAF27842" box="[396,447,273,303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1812</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56690207E9797842" box="[513,564,273,303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">803</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E0207E9D17842" box="[630,668,273,303]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">480</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56830207E85C7842" box="[747,785,273,303]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">335</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57370207E8C87842" box="[863,901,273,303]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">205</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC0207E8B77842" box="[980,1018,273,303]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">206</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50210207EF217842" box="[1097,1132,273,303]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">0.4</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D60207EFAC7842" box="[1214,1249,273,303]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">4.4</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B0207EE1E7842" box="[1331,1363,273,303]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB022FEE1E783A" box="[163,1363,313,343]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB022FEBF4783A" box="[163,185,313,343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB022FEBFF783C" bold="true" box="[163,178,313,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA025FEBF4783A" bold="true" box="[178,185,329,343]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F022FEA07783A" box="[279,330,313,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1765</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E4022FEAF2783A" box="[396,447,313,343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1910</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5669022FE979783A" box="[513,564,313,343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1193</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E022FE9D1783A" box="[630,668,313,343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">632</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5683022FE85C783A" box="[747,785,313,343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">442</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5737022FE8C8783A" box="[863,901,313,343]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">242</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC022FE8B7783A" box="[980,1018,313,343]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">174</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5021022FEF21783A" box="[1097,1132,313,343]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">0.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D6022FEFAC783A" box="[1214,1249,313,343]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B022FEE1E783A" box="[1331,1363,313,343]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF02B0EB8F7BF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF02B0EA1B78D2" box="[199,342,422,447]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B550E02B3EA8678AD" box="[358,459,421,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Figs. 5D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B55BF02B3E95078D2" box="[471,541,421,447]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-137@10.[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male. A. wing. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, median volsella and phallapodeme indicated by arrows. C. superior volsella and spiniferous median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239330/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">6B–C</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX with 18 long setae on each side. Laterosternite IX with 11–12 long setae on each side. Anal point absent. Sternapodeme 217–256, 243 μm long, M-shaped, thick, and without oral projections. Phallapodeme 125–230, 195μm long. Sigmoid superior volsella 126–281, 180 μm long, distal part apically rounded. Spiniferous median volsella 102–163, 127 μm long; very wide, with apex reaching beyond the 2/3 
<superScript id="40D39B88FFCF647B54D30123EB847B2E" attach="left" box="[187,201,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">rd</superScript>
of the superior volsella. Gonocoxite 413–553, 480 μm long. Inferior volsella a well-reduced lobe. Gonostylus 253–305, 280 μm long, gradually expanded anteriorly; megaseta 26–37, 32 μm long. HR 1.4–2.0, 1.7; HV 2.4–2.8, 2.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54FF01B7EF6A7BD6" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" box="[151,1063,673,700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54FF01B7EA7F7BD6" bold="true" box="[151,306,673,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Adult female</emphasis>
(n = 1). Total length 
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. Wing 
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long and 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCF647B57E401B7E8AF7BD6" box="[908,994,673,699]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF01D3EAF57BB2" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" box="[199,440,709,735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF01D3EA457BB2" box="[199,264,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Color</emphasis>
. Same as male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF01FFEEC07AFE" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF01FFEA497A6E" box="[199,260,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B557E01FFEA227A6E" box="[278,367,745,771]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Antennal flagellomeres 1–2 (in μm): 167, 78; remaining flagellomeres missing. Eyes bare, with short dorsomedial extension. Temporal setae 12, including 6 orbitals and 6 frontals. Tentorium 313 μm long. Clypeus ovate-shaped, without setae, 164 μm long and 234 μm wide. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 135, 111, 183, 287, 290; second and third palpomere partially fused; third palpomere with 3 sensilla chaetica and circular sensilla capitata at the base, apex of third palpomere with large semicircular sclerotized projection. HW/ PL 0.88.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF008BE9077AB6" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF008BEA557ADA" box="[199,280,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B554D008BEA317ADA" box="[293,380,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Dorsocentrals 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCF647B5646008BE9287ADA" box="[558,613,925,952]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="57.0">57 in</quantity>
two to three rows; prealars 30; scutellars 
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several rows.Antepronotal lobes with small gap, bearing 12 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF00F0E94B7D2A" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF00F0EA4C7A92" box="[199,257,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B557900F3EA277A92" box="[273,362,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 91 setae. R with 9 setae, R 
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with 15 setae, other veins bare. Alula with 34 setae. Costa extension 226 μm long. Anal lobe well-produced. VR = 0.7. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 100 × magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF0744EF187DD9" blockId="11.[151,1437,421,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF0744EBB17D06" box="[199,252,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Legs</emphasis>
. All legs with long beards. Fore tarsus missing; fore tibia spur 112 μm long, mid tibia spurs 112 and 107 μm long, hind tibia spurs 142 and 111 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 15 spines. Pseudospurs on tarsal segments 1–2 of the mid and hind legs. Lengths and proportions of legs as in 
<tableCitation id="FA24037BFFCF647B5793078FEF027DD9" box="[1019,1103,1177,1204]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1250,1274]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 5. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments of Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov., female." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFCF647B54FF07F4EFA87D96" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" tableUuid="E3D96648FFCF647B54FF07F4EFA87D96">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54FF07F4EFA87D96" blockId="11.[151,1253,1250,1275]" box="[151,1253,1250,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54FF07F4EA477D96" bold="true" box="[151,266,1250,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B575607F5EF617D96" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[830,1068,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B575607F5EF617D96" box="[830,1068,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B505B07F5EFC57D96" bold="true" box="[1075,1160,1251,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B505B07F5EFC57D96" box="[1075,1160,1251,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B557F061DEE1E7CF1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B557F061DEA667C4E" bold="true" box="[279,299,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">fe</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E4061CEAF27C44" box="[396,447,1290,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B55E4061DEAD67C4E" bold="true" box="[396,411,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ti</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5669061CE9797C44" box="[513,564,1290,1321]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5669061DE95B7C4E" bold="true" box="[513,534,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B567E060CE9507C45" bold="true" box="[534,541,1306,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E061CE9D17C44" box="[630,668,1290,1321]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B561E061DE9C67C4E" bold="true" box="[630,651,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B56E3060CE9DF7C45" bold="true" box="[651,658,1306,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5683061CE85C7C44" box="[747,785,1290,1321]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5683061DE84D7C4E" bold="true" box="[747,768,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5768060CE84A7C45" bold="true" box="[768,775,1306,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5737061CE8C87C44" box="[863,901,1290,1321]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5737061DE8397C4E" bold="true" box="[863,884,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B571D060CE8317C45" bold="true" box="[885,892,1306,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">4</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC061CE8B77C44" box="[980,1018,1290,1321]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B57BC061DE8A47C4E" bold="true" box="[980,1001,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">ta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5781060DE8BD7C44" bold="true" box="[1001,1008,1307,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">5</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5021061CEF217C44" box="[1097,1132,1290,1321]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5021061DEF217C4E" bold="true" box="[1097,1132,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">LR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D6061CEFAC7C44" box="[1214,1249,1290,1321]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B50D6061DEFAC7C4E" bold="true" box="[1214,1249,1291,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">BV</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B061CEE1E7C44" box="[1331,1363,1290,1321]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B515B061CEE1E7C4F" bold="true" box="[1331,1363,1290,1314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">SV</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB0625EE1E7C3C" box="[163,1363,1331,1361]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB0625EBF47C3C" box="[163,185,1331,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB0625EBFF7C26" bold="true" box="[163,178,1331,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA0655EBF47C3C" bold="true" box="[178,185,1347,1361]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F0625EA077C3C" box="[279,330,1331,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1653</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E40625EAF27C3C" box="[396,447,1331,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1851</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56690625E9797C3C" box="[513,564,1331,1361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E0625E9D17C3C" box="[630,668,1331,1361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56830625E85C7C3C" box="[747,785,1331,1361]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57370625E8C87C3C" box="[863,901,1331,1361]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC0625E8B77C3C" box="[980,1018,1331,1361]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50210625EF217C3C" box="[1097,1132,1331,1361]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D60625EFAC7C3C" box="[1214,1249,1331,1361]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B0625EE1E7C3C" box="[1331,1363,1331,1361]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB064DEE1E7C14" box="[163,1363,1371,1401]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB064DEBF47C14" box="[163,185,1371,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB064DEBFF7C1E" bold="true" box="[163,178,1371,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA067DEBF47C14" bold="true" box="[178,185,1387,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F064DEA077C14" box="[279,330,1371,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2356</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E4064DEAF27C14" box="[396,447,1371,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1400</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5669064DE9797C14" box="[513,564,1371,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">691</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E064DE9D17C14" box="[630,668,1371,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">449</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5683064DE85C7C14" box="[747,785,1371,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">248</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5737064DE8C87C14" box="[863,901,1371,1401]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">263</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC064DE8B77C14" box="[980,1018,1371,1401]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">263</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F5021064DEF217C14" box="[1097,1132,1371,1401]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">0.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D6064DEFAC7C14" box="[1214,1249,1371,1401]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.2</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B064DEE1E7C14" box="[1331,1363,1371,1401]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFCF9B8F54CB0692EE1E7CCC" box="[163,1363,1412,1441]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<th id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F54CB0692EBF47CCC" box="[163,185,1412,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54CB0692EBFF7CF1" bold="true" box="[163,178,1412,1436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54DA0685EBF47CCC" bold="true" box="[178,185,1427,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F557F0692EA077CCC" box="[279,330,1412,1441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2175</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F55E40692EAF27CCC" box="[396,447,1412,1441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">2356</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56690692E9797CCC" box="[513,564,1412,1441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">1400</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F561E0692E9D17CCC" box="[630,668,1412,1441]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">691</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F56830692E85C7CCC" box="[747,785,1412,1441]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">449</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57370692E8C87CCC" box="[863,901,1412,1441]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">248</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F57BC0692E8B77CCC" box="[980,1018,1412,1441]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">263</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50210692EF217CCC" box="[1097,1132,1412,1441]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">0.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F50D60692EFAC7CCC" box="[1214,1249,1412,1441]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFCF9B8F515B0692EE1E7CCC" box="[1331,1363,1412,1441]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">3.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647B54AF06E4EF267FAD" blockId="11.[151,1437,1522,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF06E4EA7C7F61" box="[199,305,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B552A06E4EA917F61" box="[322,476,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Figure 7D–E</figureCitation>
). Gonapophysis VIII divided into large, semicircular ventrolateral lobe covering the dorsomesal lobe; apodeme lobe distinct, without tubercle, slightly covered by ventrolateral lobe (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B50BF0500EE7C7F5D" box="[1239,1329,1558,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Labium inner section well-sclerotized. Seminal capsule 183, 188, 191 µm long and 170, 193, 164 µm wide, respectively; ovate, with a reduced neck; spermathecal duct not visible in this specimen. Notum 172 µm long, with ramus 289 µm long. Tergite IX large, undivided, apex rounded, setigorous protrusion bearing 26 setae. Gonocoxite slightly extended bearing 13 setae. Cercus hexagonal, 360 µm long and 336 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCF647B506F05B0EF137FAD" box="[1031,1118,1702,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" captionTargetId="figure-118@12.[151,1436,381,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFBC654BFFCF647F54AF05DCE99D7E44" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCF647C54AF05DCEFC17808" blockId="11.[151,1437,1522,2016]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54AF05DCEA767F89" bold="true" box="[199,315,1738,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B552E05DCEAF67F89" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[326,443,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B552E05DCEAF67F89" box="[326,443,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B55AE05DCE9697F89" bold="true" box="[454,548,1738,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B55AE05DCE9697F89" box="[454,548,1738,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, resembles and most likely is related to 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B506005DCEED57F89" authority="Pagast 1947" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[1032,1432,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zavreli">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B506005DCEFB07F89" box="[1032,1277,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia zavreli</emphasis>
Pagast 1947
</taxonomicName>
. However, the combination of a higher antennal ratio, the complete absence of an anal point, and larger median volsella separates the adult males of the two species. 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B577C0404EED17E41" authority="Liu, Ferrington et Wang, 2016" authorityName="Liu, Ferrington et Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[788,1436,1810,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B577C0404EF667E46" box="[788,1067,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia wuyiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCF647B505F0404EED17E41" author="Liu, W. B. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H." box="[1079,1436,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" pagination="427 - 434" refId="ref11908" refString="Liu, W. B., Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H. (2016) Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 427 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4126.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Liu, Ferrington 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B509A0404EE4B7E46" box="[1266,1286,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">et</emphasis>
Wang, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is another species without an anal point. However, 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B56830420E8137E3D" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[747,862,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B56830420E8137E3D" box="[747,862,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B57000420E8897E3D" bold="true" box="[872,964,1846,1872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B57000420E8897E3D" box="[872,964,1846,1872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, differs in the shape of superior volsella and the presence of megaseta compared to 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B56EB044CE8437E1E" authorityName="Liu, Ferrington et Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[643,782,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B56EB044CE8437E1E" box="[643,782,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. wuyiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The prominent adult characteristics of the 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B5169044CEE3F7E19" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1281,1394,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5169044CEE3F7E19" box="[1281,1394,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B5113044CEB857EF5" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B5113044CEB857EF5" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
that separate it from other known 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B56370468E8157EF5" box="[607,856,1918,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B56370468E9B37EF5" box="[607,766,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is a larger size and a longer wingspan, which, on average, is 1.3 × for total length and 1.2 × for wing length. Further, a much larger median volsella of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B514204B4EED17ED1" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1322,1436,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B514204B4EED17ED1" box="[1322,1436,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B54FF04D0EBBC7E8D" bold="true" box="[151,241,1990,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B54FF04D0EBBC7E8D" box="[151,241,1990,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in comparison to other 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B559504D0E9B97E8D" box="[509,756,1990,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B559504D0E9D17E8D" box="[509,668,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is apparent. The adult female of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCF647B500004D0EF957E8D" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1128,1240,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B500004D0EF957E8D" box="[1128,1240,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCF647B508804D0EE777E8D" bold="true" box="[1248,1338,1990,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFCF647B508804D0EE777E8D" box="[1248,1338,1990,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is easily distinguishable from the only species described as female, 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC8647C572B0381EE5F79DC" authority="(Tokunaga, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[835,1298,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C572B0381EF7179DC" box="[835,1084,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">Sympotthastia bicolor</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFC8647C50260381EE4679DC" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[1102,1291,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" pagination="21 - 66" refId="ref13581" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1937) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera), IX, Tanypodinae and Diamesinae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 1, 21 - 66." type="journal article" year="1937">Tokunaga, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by a much larger size, and short and wide ovate seminal capsules with small necks. 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC8647C578A03ADEF1C79B8" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[994,1105,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C578A03ADEF1C79B8" box="[994,1105,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">S. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has elongated ovate seminal capsules with prominent necks (
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFC8647C566D03C9E9F47994" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[517,697,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" pagination="21 - 66" refId="ref13581" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1937) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera), IX, Tanypodinae and Diamesinae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 1, 21 - 66." type="journal article" year="1937">Tokunaga 1937</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 97). The adult male of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC8647C506B03C9EFEF7994" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[1027,1186,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C506B03C9EFEF7994" box="[1027,1186,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be separated based on the key we provided in this study. In constructing this key, we used the keys constructed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFC8647C51480215EB9F782C" author="Doughman, J. S." pageId="12" pageNumber="88" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref11021" refString="Doughman, J. S. (1985) Sympotthastia Pagast (Diptera, Chironomidae), an Update Based on Larvae from North-Carolina, S. diastena (Sublette) comb. n. and other Nearctic Species. Brimleyana, 11, 39 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Doughman 1985</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFC8647C54B50231EADB782C" author="Liu, W. B. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H." box="[221,406,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" pagination="427 - 434" refId="ref11908" refString="Liu, W. B., Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H. (2016) Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 427 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4126.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Liu 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C55630231EA0E782C" box="[267,323,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFC8647C55B90231E9F1782C" author="Makarchenko, E. A." box="[465,700,294,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" refId="ref11982" refString="Makarchenko, E. A. (1985) Khironomidy Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR. Podsemeistva Podonominae, Diamesinae i Prodiamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). (Chironomids of the Far East of the USSR. Subfamilies Podonominae, Diamesinae and Prodiamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Dal'nevostoch nauchn Tsentr Akad Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok, VIII pls, Vladivostok, 200 pp." type="book" year="1985">Makarchenko (1985)</bibRefCitation>
with additions and modifications. In addition to this key, we have listed some relevant distinguishing characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC8647C5681025DE8C57808" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[745,904,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C5681025DE8C57808" box="[745,904,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult males in 
<tableCitation id="FA24037BFFC8647C505A025DEFC57808" box="[1074,1160,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,239,536,562]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of some relevant characteristics of Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947 species adult male. * See notes in the remarks section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" tableUuid="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3D96648FFC8647C54FF0586EA877FA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239332/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" startId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" targetBox="[159,1426,388,1651]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFC8647C54FF0586EA877FA0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1680,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C54FF0586EA5E7FC5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC8647C55720586EAB17FC5" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,508,1680,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C55720586EAB17FC5" box="[282,508,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">Sympotthastia golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC8647C566A0586E91E7FC5" bold="true" box="[514,595,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFC8647C566A0586E91E7FC5" box="[514,595,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
adult female (A–E). A. head. B. thorax. C. wing. D. genitalia, ventral. E. genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars are 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" ID-Table-UUID="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" box="[151,1662,536,562]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" startId="13.[151,239,536,562]" targetBox="[162,1996,575,1694]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" blockId="13.[151,1662,536,562]" box="[151,1662,536,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54FF010EEA477B5F" bold="true" box="[151,266,536,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of some relevant characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D5766010EEFC57B5F" box="[782,1160,536,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D5766010EE8E87B5F" box="[782,933,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
Pagast, 1947 species
</taxonomicName>
adult male. * See notes in the remarks section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFC9647D55770157ECDE7FF3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<table id="C5A6C460FFC99B8F54CA0129EC817FF3" box="[162,1996,575,1694]" gridcols="12" gridrows="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0129EC817B13" box="[162,1996,575,638]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770129EADC7B13" box="[287,401,575,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D55770157EADC7B37" box="[287,401,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diastena">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D55770157EADC7B37" bold="true" box="[287,401,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. diastena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90129E9557B13" box="[433,536,575,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D55D90157E94C7B37" authorityName="AL" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[433,513,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D55D90157E94C7B37" bold="true" box="[433,513,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0129E9BE7B13" box="[581,755,575,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D562D0157E9BE7B37" authorityName="Makarchenko" authorityYear="1994" box="[581,755,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmaformes">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D562D0157E9BE7B37" bold="true" box="[581,755,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. gemmaformes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630129E83F7B13" box="[779,882,575,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D57630157E8117B13" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D57630157E83F7B37" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[779,882,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="golalae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D57630157E83F7B37" bold="true" box="[779,882,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. golalae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EE157A9FFC9647D57630173E8117B13" box="[779,860,613,638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30129EF587B13" box="[939,1045,575,638]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D57C30157EF587B37" box="[939,1045,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huldeni">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D57C30157EF587B37" bold="true" box="[939,1045,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. huldeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0129EF997B13" box="[1091,1236,575,638]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D502B0157EF807B37" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1973" box="[1091,1229,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D502B0157EF807B37" bold="true" box="[1091,1229,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. macrocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D50A50129EF997B23" bold="true" box="[1229,1236,575,590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870129EE2D7B13" box="[1263,1376,575,638]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D50870157EE2D7B37" authorityName="Makarchenko" authorityYear="1984" box="[1263,1376,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repetina">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D50870157EE2D7B37" bold="true" box="[1263,1376,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. repetina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0129EEB07B13" box="[1414,1533,575,638]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D51EE0157EEB07B37" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1969" box="[1414,1533,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D51EE0157EEB07B37" bold="true" box="[1414,1533,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. spinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750129EDED7B13" box="[1565,1696,575,638]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D52750157EDED7B37" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityYear="1936" box="[1565,1696,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D52750157EDED7B37" bold="true" box="[1565,1696,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40129EC0D7B13" box="[1724,1856,575,638]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D52D40157EC717B37" authorityName="Liu, Ferrington et Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[1724,1852,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D52D40157EC717B37" bold="true" box="[1724,1852,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. wuyiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0129EC817B13" box="[1893,1996,575,638]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFC9647D530D0157EC887B37" authority="TL" authorityName="TL" box="[1893,1989,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zavreli">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D530D0157EC887B37" bold="true" box="[1893,1989,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">S. zavreli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA019BEC817BCB" box="[162,1996,653,678]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA019BEA4B7BCB" box="[162,262,653,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA019BEA497BCB" bold="true" box="[162,260,653,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">TL (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577019BEADC7BCB" box="[287,401,653,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">5.7–6.0</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9019BE9557BCB" box="[433,536,653,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.7–4.9</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D019BE9BE7BCB" box="[581,755,653,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763019BE83F7BCB" box="[779,882,653,678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">6.5–7.2</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3019BEF587BCB" box="[939,1045,653,678]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">5.5</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B019BEF997BCB" box="[1091,1236,653,678]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">5.5</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087019BEE2D7BCB" box="[1263,1376,653,678]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">6–6.5</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE019BEEB07BCB" box="[1414,1533,653,678]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.3–4.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275019BEDED7BCB" box="[1565,1696,653,678]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.5–6.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4019BEC0D7BCB" box="[1724,1856,653,678]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.0–4.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D019BEC817BCB" box="[1893,1996,653,678]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4–6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA01A3EC817B9F" box="[162,1996,693,754]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA01A3EA4B7B9F" box="[162,262,693,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA01A3EB907B9F" bold="true" box="[162,221,693,754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">WL (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557701A3EADC7B9F" box="[287,401,693,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D901A3E9557B9F" box="[433,536,693,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.3–3.4</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D01A3E9BE7B9F" box="[581,755,693,754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576301A3E83F7B9F" box="[779,882,693,754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.3–4.7</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C301A3EF587B9F" box="[939,1045,693,754]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B01A3EF997B9F" box="[1091,1236,693,754]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">4.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508701A3EE2D7B9F" box="[1263,1376,693,754]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.8–4.0</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE01A3EEB07B9F" box="[1414,1533,693,754]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.4–3.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527501A3EDED7B9F" box="[1565,1696,693,754]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.9–5.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D401A3EC0D7B9F" box="[1724,1856,693,754]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.6–2.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D01A3EC817B9F" box="[1893,1996,693,754]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3–4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0017EC817A77" box="[162,1996,769,794]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0017EA4B7A77" box="[162,262,769,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0017EBBA7A77" bold="true" box="[162,247,769,794]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">HW/PL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770017EADC7A77" box="[287,401,769,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90017E9557A77" box="[433,536,769,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">1.0–1.1</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0017E9BE7A77" box="[581,755,769,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.93</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630017E83F7A77" box="[779,882,769,794]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.87–0.94</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30017EF587A77" box="[939,1045,769,794]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0017EF997A77" box="[1091,1236,769,794]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870017EE2D7A77" box="[1263,1376,769,794]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.85–0.94</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0017EEB07A77" box="[1414,1533,769,794]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.79–0.85</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750017EDED7A77" box="[1565,1696,769,794]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.72–0.90</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40017EC0D7A77" box="[1724,1856,769,794]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.86</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0017EC817A77" box="[1893,1996,769,794]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">1.0–1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA003FEC817A2F" box="[162,1996,809,834]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA003FEA4B7A2F" box="[162,262,809,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA003FEB8A7A2F" bold="true" box="[162,199,809,834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">AR</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577003FEADC7A2F" box="[287,401,809,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.7–2.9</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9003FE9557A2F" box="[433,536,809,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.3–2.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D003FE9BE7A2F" box="[581,755,809,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.0–3.4</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763003FE83F7A2F" box="[779,882,809,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.7–4.0</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3003FEF587A2F" box="[939,1045,809,834]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B003FEF997A2F" box="[1091,1236,809,834]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3.0</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087003FEE2D7A2F" box="[1263,1376,809,834]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.3–3.1</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE003FEEB07A2F" box="[1414,1533,809,834]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">1.6–1.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275003FEDED7A2F" box="[1565,1696,809,834]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.8–4.3</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4003FEC0D7A2F" box="[1724,1856,809,834]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">1.8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D003FEC817A2F" box="[1893,1996,809,834]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2.3–2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0047EC817A06" box="[162,1996,849,875]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0047EA4B7A06" box="[162,262,849,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0047EB8C7A07" bold="true" box="[162,193,849,874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">TS</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770047EADC7A06" box="[287,401,849,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90047E9557A06" box="[433,536,849,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">28–37</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0047E9BE7A06" box="[581,755,849,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">19–26</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630047E83F7A06" box="[779,882,849,875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">8</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30047EF587A06" box="[939,1045,849,875]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">10–11</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0047EF997A06" box="[1091,1236,849,875]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870047EE2D7A06" box="[1263,1376,849,875]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">31–45</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0047EEB07A06" box="[1414,1533,849,875]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">13</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750047EDED7A06" box="[1565,1696,849,875]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">15–26</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40047EC0D7A06" box="[1724,1856,849,875]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">8–18</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0047EC817A06" box="[1893,1996,849,875]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">40–50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA006FEC817AFE" box="[162,1996,889,915]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA006FEA4B7AFE" box="[162,262,889,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA006FEB867AFF" bold="true" box="[162,203,889,914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Ant</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577006FEADC7AFE" box="[287,401,889,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">14</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9006FE9557AFE" box="[433,536,889,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">15–20</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D006FE9BE7AFE" box="[581,755,889,915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">9–12</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763006FE83F7AFE" box="[779,882,889,915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">7–13</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3006FEF587AFE" box="[939,1045,889,915]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B006FEF997AFE" box="[1091,1236,889,915]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087006FEE2D7AFE" box="[1263,1376,889,915]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">15–17</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE006FEEB07AFE" box="[1414,1533,889,915]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275006FEDED7AFE" box="[1565,1696,889,915]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">5–15</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4006FEC0D7AFE" box="[1724,1856,889,915]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">7–11</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D006FEC817AFE" box="[1893,1996,889,915]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">15–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA00B4EC817AD6" box="[162,1996,930,955]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA00B4EA4B7AD6" box="[162,262,930,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA00B4EB8A7AD6" bold="true" box="[162,199,930,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">DC</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557700B4EADC7AD6" box="[287,401,930,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">25–30</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D900B4E9557AD6" box="[433,536,930,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">35–43</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D00B4E9BE7AD6" box="[581,755,930,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">25–28</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576300B4E83F7AD6" box="[779,882,930,955]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">26–40</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C300B4EF587AD6" box="[939,1045,930,955]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">10–12</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B00B4EF997AD6" box="[1091,1236,930,955]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508700B4EE2D7AD6" box="[1263,1376,930,955]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">23–33</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE00B4EEB07AD6" box="[1414,1533,930,955]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">22–27</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527500B4EDED7AD6" box="[1565,1696,930,955]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">17–24</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D400B4EC0D7AD6" box="[1724,1856,930,955]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">13–16</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D00B4EC817AD6" box="[1893,1996,930,955]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">35–43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA00DCEC817A8E" box="[162,1996,970,995]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA00DCEA4B7A8E" box="[162,262,970,995]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA00DCEBF37A8E" bold="true" box="[162,190,970,995]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Pa</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557700DCEADC7A8E" box="[287,401,970,995]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">23</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D900DCE9557A8E" box="[433,536,970,995]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">19–26</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D00DCE9BE7A8E" box="[581,755,970,995]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">23–25</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576300DCE83F7A8E" box="[779,882,970,995]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">15–22</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C300DCEF587A8E" box="[939,1045,970,995]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">22</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B00DCEF997A8E" box="[1091,1236,970,995]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508700DCEE2D7A8E" box="[1263,1376,970,995]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">23–31</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE00DCEEB07A8E" box="[1414,1533,970,995]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">12–15</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527500DCEDED7A8E" box="[1565,1696,970,995]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">11–24</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D400DCEC0D7A8E" box="[1724,1856,970,995]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">8–9</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D00DCEC817A8E" box="[1893,1996,970,995]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">8–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA00E4EC817D61" box="[162,1996,1010,1036]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA00E4EA4B7D61" box="[162,262,1010,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA00E4EBF37D66" bold="true" box="[162,190,1010,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sq</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557700E4EADC7D61" box="[287,401,1010,1036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D900E4E9557D61" box="[433,536,1010,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">28–31</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D00E4E9BE7D61" box="[581,755,1010,1036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576300E4E83F7D61" box="[779,882,1010,1036]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">83–104</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C300E4EF587D61" box="[939,1045,1010,1036]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">50–60</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B00E4EF997D61" box="[1091,1236,1010,1036]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508700E4EE2D7D61" box="[1263,1376,1010,1036]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">74–75</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE00E4EEB07D61" box="[1414,1533,1010,1036]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527500E4EDED7D61" box="[1565,1696,1010,1036]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">60–82</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D400E4EC0D7D61" box="[1724,1856,1010,1036]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">44</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D00E4EC817D61" box="[1893,1996,1010,1036]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA070CEC817D59" box="[162,1996,1050,1076]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA070CEA4B7D59" box="[162,262,1050,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA070CEB8A7D5E" bold="true" box="[162,199,1050,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">VR</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577070CEADC7D59" box="[287,401,1050,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.88</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9070CE9557D59" box="[433,536,1050,1076]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.86–0.96</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D070CE9BE7D59" box="[581,755,1050,1076]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763070CE83F7D59" box="[779,882,1050,1076]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.7–0.9</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3070CEF587D59" box="[939,1045,1050,1076]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B070CEF997D59" box="[1091,1236,1050,1076]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087070CEE2D7D59" box="[1263,1376,1050,1076]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE070CEEB07D59" box="[1414,1533,1050,1076]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.87–0.90</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275070CEDED7D59" box="[1565,1696,1050,1076]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">~0.83–0.9</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4070CEC0D7D59" box="[1724,1856,1050,1076]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.83–0.87</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D070CEC817D59" box="[1893,1996,1050,1076]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.83</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0755EC817D31" box="[162,1996,1091,1116]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0755EA4B7D31" box="[162,262,1091,1116]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0755EB907D31" bold="true" box="[162,221,1091,1116]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">CE L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770755EADC7D31" box="[287,401,1091,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90755E9557D31" box="[433,536,1091,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0755E9BE7D31" box="[581,755,1091,1116]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630755E83F7D31" box="[779,882,1091,1116]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">140–181</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30755EF587D31" box="[939,1045,1091,1116]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0755EF997D31" box="[1091,1236,1091,1116]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870755EE2D7D31" box="[1263,1376,1091,1116]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0755EEB07D31" box="[1414,1533,1091,1116]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750755EDED7D31" box="[1565,1696,1091,1116]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">100–150</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40755EC0D7D31" box="[1724,1856,1091,1116]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">113–125</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0755EC817D31" box="[1893,1996,1091,1116]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA077DEC817DE4" box="[162,1996,1131,1161]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA077DEA4B7DE4" box="[162,262,1131,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA077DEB887DE9" bold="true" box="[162,197,1131,1156]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">LR</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54AE076CEB807DE4" bold="true" box="[198,205,1146,1161]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">1</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577077DEADC7DE4" box="[287,401,1131,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.88</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9077DE9557DE4" box="[433,536,1131,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.76</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D077DE9BE7DE4" box="[581,755,1131,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.84</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763077DE83F7DE4" box="[779,882,1131,1161]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3077DEF587DE4" box="[939,1045,1131,1161]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.84</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B077DEF997DE4" box="[1091,1236,1131,1161]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087077DEE2D7DE4" box="[1263,1376,1131,1161]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.82</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE077DEEB07DE4" box="[1414,1533,1131,1161]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.75</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275077DEDED7DE4" box="[1565,1696,1131,1161]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.68–0.82</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4077DEC0D7DE4" box="[1724,1856,1131,1161]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.82</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D077DEC817DE4" box="[1893,1996,1131,1161]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0785EC817DDF" box="[162,1996,1171,1202]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0785EA4B7DDF" box="[162,262,1171,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0785EB887DC1" bold="true" box="[162,197,1171,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">LR</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54AE07B5EB807DDF" bold="true" box="[198,205,1187,1202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">2</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770785EADC7DDF" box="[287,401,1171,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.54</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90785E9557DDF" box="[433,536,1171,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.48</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0785E9BE7DDF" box="[581,755,1171,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.54</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630785E83F7DDF" box="[779,882,1171,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.64</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30785EF587DDF" box="[939,1045,1171,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.56</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0785EF997DDF" box="[1091,1236,1171,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870785EE2D7DDF" box="[1263,1376,1171,1202]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.48</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0785EEB07DDF" box="[1414,1533,1171,1202]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.52</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750785EDED7DDF" box="[1565,1696,1171,1202]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.48–0.51</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40785EC0D7DDF" box="[1724,1856,1171,1202]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.54</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0785EC817DDF" box="[1893,1996,1171,1202]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA07ADEC817DB7" box="[162,1996,1211,1242]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA07ADEA4B7DB7" box="[162,262,1211,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA07ADEB887DB9" bold="true" box="[162,197,1211,1236]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">LR</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54AE07DDEB807DB7" bold="true" box="[198,205,1227,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">3</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557707ADEADC7DB7" box="[287,401,1211,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.52</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D907ADE9557DB7" box="[433,536,1211,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.57</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D07ADE9BE7DB7" box="[581,755,1211,1242]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.63</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576307ADE83F7DB7" box="[779,882,1211,1242]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.59</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C307ADEF587DB7" box="[939,1045,1211,1242]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.70</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B07ADEF997DB7" box="[1091,1236,1211,1242]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508707ADEE2D7DB7" box="[1263,1376,1211,1242]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.6</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE07ADEEB07DB7" box="[1414,1533,1211,1242]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.64</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527507ADEDED7DB7" box="[1565,1696,1211,1242]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.61–0.64</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D407ADEC0D7DB7" box="[1724,1856,1211,1242]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.57</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D07ADEC817DB7" box="[1893,1996,1211,1242]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">0.56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA07F2EC817C28" box="[162,1996,1252,1349]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA07F2EA4B7C28" box="[162,262,1252,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA07F2EB9F7D90" bold="true" box="[162,210,1252,1277]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">AnP</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557707F2EADC7C28" box="[287,401,1252,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Naked, awl–like</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D907F2E9557C28" box="[433,536,1252,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Weak to strong/ Spiniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D07F2E9BE7C28" box="[581,755,1252,1349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Small tubercle</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576307F2E83F7C28" box="[779,882,1252,1349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Absent</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C307F2EF587C28" box="[939,1045,1252,1349]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Small, narrow &amp; spiniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B07F2EF997C28" box="[1091,1236,1252,1349]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Spiniform with 2 bristles</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508707F2EE2D7C28" box="[1263,1376,1252,1349]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Weak to strong/ Spiniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE07F2EEB07C28" box="[1414,1533,1252,1349]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Spiniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527507F2EDED7C28" box="[1565,1696,1252,1349]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Spiniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D407F2EC0D7C28" box="[1724,1856,1252,1349]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Absent</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D07F2EC817C28" box="[1893,1996,1252,1349]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">If present, a small tubercle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0642EC817C00" box="[162,1996,1364,1389]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0642EA4B7C00" box="[162,262,1364,1389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0642EBA57C00" bold="true" box="[162,232,1364,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Anp L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770642EADC7C00" box="[287,401,1364,1389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">70–90</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90642E9557C00" box="[433,536,1364,1389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">21–65</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0642E9BE7C00" box="[581,755,1364,1389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630642E83F7C00" box="[779,882,1364,1389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30642EF587C00" box="[939,1045,1364,1389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">52</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0642EF997C00" box="[1091,1236,1364,1389]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870642EE2D7C00" box="[1263,1376,1364,1389]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0642EEB07C00" box="[1414,1533,1364,1389]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">30–40</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750642EDED7C00" box="[1565,1696,1364,1389]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">28–60</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40642EC0D7C00" box="[1724,1856,1364,1389]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0642EC817C00" box="[1893,1996,1364,1389]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">21–65</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA066AEC817CFB" box="[162,1996,1404,1430]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA066AEA4B7CFB" box="[162,262,1404,1430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA066AEB9A7CF8" bold="true" box="[162,215,1404,1429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Ph L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5577066AEADC7CFB" box="[287,401,1404,1430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">70–170</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D9066AE9557CFB" box="[433,536,1404,1430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D066AE9BE7CFB" box="[581,755,1404,1430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">155</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5763066AE83F7CFB" box="[779,882,1404,1430]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">125–230</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C3066AEF587CFB" box="[939,1045,1404,1430]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B066AEF997CFB" box="[1091,1236,1404,1430]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5087066AEE2D7CFB" box="[1263,1376,1404,1430]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE066AEEB07CFB" box="[1414,1533,1404,1430]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F5275066AEDED7CFB" box="[1565,1696,1404,1430]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">172–215</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D4066AEC0D7CFB" box="[1724,1856,1404,1430]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">160–163</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D066AEC817CFB" box="[1893,1996,1404,1430]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA06B2EC817C8C" box="[162,1996,1444,1505]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA06B2EA4B7C8C" box="[162,262,1444,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA06B2EBA97C8C" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">AL + SVo L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557706B2EADC7C8C" box="[287,401,1444,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">~217</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D906B2E9557C8C" box="[433,536,1444,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D06B2E9BE7C8C" box="[581,755,1444,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">221</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576306B2E83F7C8C" box="[779,882,1444,1505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">126–163</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C306B2EF587C8C" box="[939,1045,1444,1505]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B06B2EF997C8C" box="[1091,1236,1444,1505]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508706B2EE2D7C8C" box="[1263,1376,1444,1505]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE06B2EEB07C8C" box="[1414,1533,1444,1505]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527506B2EDED7C8C" box="[1565,1696,1444,1505]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">160–228</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D406B2EC0D7C8C" box="[1724,1856,1444,1505]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D06B2EC817C8C" box="[1893,1996,1444,1505]" gridcol="11" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA06E6EC817F1B" box="[162,1996,1520,1654]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA06E6EA4B7F1B" box="[162,262,1520,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA06E6EBAD7F40" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">AL + Svo shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F557706E6EADC7F1B" box="[287,401,1520,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D906E6E9557F1B" box="[433,536,1520,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Apex straight</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D06E6E9BE7F1B" box="[581,755,1520,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Reniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F576306E6E83F7F1B" box="[779,882,1520,1654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C306E6EF587F1B" box="[939,1045,1520,1654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid with apex golf club-shaped</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B06E6EF997F1B" box="[1091,1236,1520,1654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F508706E6EE2D7F1B" box="[1263,1376,1520,1654]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Reniform</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE06E6EEB07F1B" box="[1414,1533,1520,1654]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F527506E6EDED7F1B" box="[1565,1696,1520,1654]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Sigmoid with apex golf club-shaped</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D406E6EC0D7F1B" box="[1724,1856,1520,1654]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Straight with apex cane– shaped</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D06E6EC817F1B" box="[1893,1996,1520,1654]" gridcol="11" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Apex straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09963482FFC99B8F54CA0592EC817FF3" box="[162,1996,1668,1694]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<th id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F54CA0592EA4B7FF3" box="[162,262,1668,1694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFC9647D54CA0592EB917FF0" bold="true" box="[162,220,1668,1693]" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Ms L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55770592EADC7FF3" box="[287,401,1668,1694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F55D90592E9557FF3" box="[433,536,1668,1694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">29</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F562D0592E9BE7FF3" box="[581,755,1668,1694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">28–29</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57630592E83F7FF3" box="[779,882,1668,1694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">26–37</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F57C30592EF587FF3" box="[939,1045,1668,1694]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">25</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F502B0592EF997FF3" box="[1091,1236,1668,1694]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F50870592EE2D7FF3" box="[1263,1376,1668,1694]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">21–25</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F51EE0592EEB07FF3" box="[1414,1533,1668,1694]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">-</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52750592EDED7FF3" box="[1565,1696,1668,1694]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">20–33</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F52D40592EC0D7FF3" box="[1724,1856,1668,1694]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">Absent</td>
<td id="4A475DFEFFC99B8F530D0592EC817FF3" box="[1893,1996,1668,1694]" gridcol="11" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="89">~23</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3D96648FFCA647E54FF0033EE4F7AE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239334/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" startId="14.[151,250,805,829]" targetBox="[151,1436,151,781]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCA647E54FF0033EE4F7AE8" blockId="14.[151,1436,805,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E54FF0033EA5F7A50" bold="true" box="[151,274,805,829]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E557F0033E9DB7A50" authority="(Kieffer, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[279,662,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Potthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E557F0033EAB77A50" box="[279,506,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Potthastia longimanus</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
adult male (A–B), Lake Huron, Bush Bay, MI, USA. A. hypopygium, arrows indicate phallapodeme. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe (AL), superior volsella (SVo), median volsella (MVo), and inferior volsella (IVo), white arrows indicate the boundary of aedeagal lobe and superior volsella. Scale bars are 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E3D96648FFCA647E54FF0512EE287FE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239336/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" startId="14.[151,250,1540,1564]" targetBox="[155,1431,929,1512]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCA647E54FF0512EE287FE5" blockId="14.[151,1436,1540,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E54FF0512EA5E7F71" bold="true" box="[151,275,1540,1564]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Bayesian Interface (BI) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E571F0512EFAC7F71" box="[887,1249,1540,1565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E571F0512EF4A7F71" box="[887,1031,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
Pagast, 1947 species
</taxonomicName>
, and one outgroup 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E54FF053EE9B47F2D" authority="Makarchenko et Makarchenko, 2013" authorityName="Makarchenko et Makarchenko" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,761,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lappodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omelkoi">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E54FF053EEACF7F2D" box="[151,386,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Lappodiamesa omelkoi</emphasis>
Makarchenko 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E567F053FE9647F2D" box="[535,553,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">et</emphasis>
Makarchenko, 2013
</taxonomicName>
inferred from the COI nucleotide sequence data (658 bp). Numbers on branches represent the posterior probabilities for BI and bootstrap value for NJ, respectively (values &lt;0.95/95 omitted). The gray bars on the right are clusters estimated using three molecular species delimitation methods: ABGD, ASAP, and K2P.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCA647F54AF05A1E971782C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1718,2033]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1833]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">
In constructing 
<tableCitation id="FA24037BFFCA647E551205A0EA9C7FBD" box="[378,465,1718,1744]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,239,536,562]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of some relevant characteristics of Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947 species adult male. * See notes in the remarks section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" tableUuid="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F">Table 6</tableCitation>
, we consulted the relevant literature that described the 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E502405A0EE057FBD" box="[1100,1352,1718,1744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E502405A0EFA67FBD" box="[1100,1259,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, and in doing so, we have also made corrections to the previous measurement records. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCA647E504805CCEE407F98" author="Makarchenko, E. A." box="[1056,1293,1754,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" refId="ref11982" refString="Makarchenko, E. A. (1985) Khironomidy Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR. Podsemeistva Podonominae, Diamesinae i Prodiamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). (Chironomids of the Far East of the USSR. Subfamilies Podonominae, Diamesinae and Prodiamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Dal'nevostoch nauchn Tsentr Akad Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok, VIII pls, Vladivostok, 200 pp." type="book" year="1985">Makarchenko (1985)</bibRefCitation>
provided an AR value of 3.48–3.69 for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E55A705E8E8F67E75" authority="(Tokunaga, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[463,955,1790,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E55A705E8E9AA7E75" box="[463,743,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Sympotthastia takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
, under 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E507905E8EE6F7E75" authorityName="Makarchenko" authorityYear="1984" box="[1041,1314,1790,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khorensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E507905E8EE6F7E75" box="[1041,1314,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Sympotthastia khorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCA647E515B05E8EBAF7E51" author="Liu, W. B. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H." pageId="14" pageNumber="90" pagination="427 - 434" refId="ref11908" refString="Liu, W. B., Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H. (2016) Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 427 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4126.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Liu 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E510A05E9EED07E75" box="[1378,1437,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
indicated an AR value of 3.19–3.48 for this species. However, in their diagnosis and the key to adults of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E54FF0450EA7B7E0D" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,310,1862,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E54FF0450EA7B7E0D" box="[151,310,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they indicated the AR value of 3.19–4.26. Further, 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCA647E57FD0450EF9A7E0D" author="Makarchenko, E. A. &amp; Semenchenko, A. A. &amp; Dragan, S. V." box="[917,1239,1862,1888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" pagination="73 - 89" refId="ref12164" refString="Makarchenko, E. A., Semenchenko, A. A. &amp; Dragan, S. V. (2022 a) Review on the fauna and taxonomy of Diamesinae subfamily (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Republic of Khakassia (Russia), with morphological description and DNA barcoding of the discovered species. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 21, 73 - 89." type="journal article" year="2022">
Makarchenko 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E50520451EF387E0D" box="[1082,1141,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
(2022a)
</bibRefCitation>
indicated an AR value of 2.76–2.81 for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E55F1047DE9687EE9" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[409,549,1898,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E55F1047DE9687EE9" box="[409,549,1898,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Republic of 
<collectingRegion id="7562F822FFCA647E5776047CE8D97EE9" box="[798,916,1898,1924]" country="Russia" name="Khakasiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Khakassia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CFB17650FFCA647E57F7047CE8A07EE9" box="[927,1005,1898,1924]" name="Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Russia</collectingCountry>
. Dr. Wenbin Liu has kindly confirmed that their AR value of 3.19–4.26 is extracted from all 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E56860499E8377EC5" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[750,890,1934,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E56860499E8377EC5" box="[750,890,1934,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reviewed and measured from 
<collectingCountry id="CFB17650FFCA647E50A60498EE517EC5" box="[1230,1308,1934,1960]" name="Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CFB17650FFCA647E514E0499EE247EC4" box="[1318,1385,1935,1961]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and the Korean Peninsula. Dr. E. Makarchenko has also confirmed their value of 2.76–2.81 for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCA647E50CE04A5EE7E7EA1" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1190,1331,1970,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCA647E50CE04A5EE7E7EA1" box="[1190,1331,1970,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="90">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Republic of Khakassia. Therefore, it seems this species has a large AR variation across its geographical range, so we considered an AR value of 2.8–4.3 for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F56390381E99379DC" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[593,734,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F56390381E99379DC" box="[593,734,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This value falls within the AR range value for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F50960381EAF579B8" authority="Tuiskunen. Given" authorityName="Tuiskunen. Given" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huldeni">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F50960381EBA679B8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Sympotthastia huldeni</emphasis>
Tuiskunen. Given
</taxonomicName>
the similarities in the shapes and sizes of anal point and AL + SVo of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F50AD03ADEE1C79B8" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1221,1361,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F50AD03ADEE1C79B8" box="[1221,1361,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F51EF03ADEBA67994" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huldeni">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F51EF03ADEBA67994" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. huldeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along with their similar AR value, the only characteristic that separates them is the surface of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F517803C9EED17994" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1296,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F517803C9EED17994" box="[1296,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. takatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
median volsella bearing spinules and its apical edge being smooth whereas 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F579C0215EF287870" box="[1012,1125,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huldeni">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F579C0215EF287870" box="[1012,1125,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. huldeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a median volsella with bare surface and serrated apical edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCB647F54AF025DEE7B7B0C" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">
Dr. Liu has further provided us with a correct VR value of 0.83–0.87, for 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F579B025DEF367809" authorityName="Liu, Ferrington et Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[1011,1147,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F579B025DEF367809" box="[1011,1147,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. wuyiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which should replace the value of 3.29–3.44 previously provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F56180279E86878E4" author="Liu, W. B. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H." box="[624,805,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="427 - 434" refId="ref11908" refString="Liu, W. B., Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H. (2016) Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 427 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4126.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Liu 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F56F40279E99F78E4" box="[668,722,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. Regarding the absence of values for some characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F54DD0285E9D278C0" authority="Serra-Tosio, 1973" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1973" box="[181,671,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F54DD0285EA9C78C1" box="[181,465,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Sympotthastia macrocera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F55B00285E9D278C0" author="Serra-Tosio, B." box="[472,671,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="5 - 175" refId="ref13493" refString="Serra-Tosio, B. (1973) Ecologie et biogeographie des Diamesini d'Europe (Diptera, Chironomidae). Traveaux du Laboraloire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 63, 5 - 175." type="journal article" year="1973">
Serra-Tosio, 
<quantity id="705E9B25FFCB647F560F0285E9D278C0" box="[615,671,403,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.011419999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" unit="in" value="1973.0">1973</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<tableCitation id="FA24037BFFCB647F56A80285E85978C0" box="[704,788,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,239,536,562]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of some relevant characteristics of Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947 species adult male. * See notes in the remarks section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F">Table 6</tableCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F57770285E8BF78C0" author="Serra-Tosio, B." box="[799,1010,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" refId="ref13436" refString="Serra-Tosio, B. (1969) Taxonomie phylogenetique des Diamesini: les genres Potthastia Kieffer," type="book" year="1969">Serra-Tosio (1969)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that besides the ratio of palp length to head width, antennal ratio, and more temporal setae, 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F573F02A1E8A178BD" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1973" box="[855,1004,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F573F02A1E8A178BD" box="[855,1004,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. macrocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is virtually the same as 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F509602A1EA9C7898" authority="Serra-Tosio, 1969" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F509602A1EBB67898" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Sympotthastia spinifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F556C02CDEA9C7898" author="Serra-Tosio, B." box="[260,465,475,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" refId="ref13436" refString="Serra-Tosio, B. (1969) Taxonomie phylogenetique des Diamesini: les genres Potthastia Kieffer," type="book" year="1969">Serra-Tosio, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. At the time, he described the species as a variation of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F502302CDEF807898" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" authorityYear="1969" box="[1099,1229,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifera">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F502302CDEF807898" box="[1099,1229,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">S. spinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, later in his 1973 work, Serra-Tosio erected the species based on discovering several other adults and immatures and the consistency of the distinctive characteristics.However, he did not provide any additional description or measurements. The total length and wing length measurements of this species in 
<tableCitation id="FA24037BFFCB647F571C0151E88A7B0C" box="[884,967,583,609]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,239,536,562]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of some relevant characteristics of Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947 species adult male. * See notes in the remarks section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="E3D96648FFC9647D54FF010EED337B5F">Table 6</tableCitation>
are based on 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F50090151EE7E7B0C" author="Doughman, J. S." box="[1121,1331,582,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref11021" refString="Doughman, J. S. (1985) Sympotthastia Pagast (Diptera, Chironomidae), an Update Based on Larvae from North-Carolina, S. diastena (Sublette) comb. n. and other Nearctic Species. Brimleyana, 11, 39 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Doughman (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B71936C0FFCB647F54AF017DE99D7E44" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">
There seems to be an inconsistency regarding the morphology terminologies used for the hypopygium of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F54FF0199EA7B7BC4" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,310,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F54FF0199EA7B7BC4" box="[151,310,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F552C0199EAB37BC4" author="Liu, W. B. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H." box="[324,510,655,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="427 - 434" refId="ref11908" refString="Liu, W. B., Ferrington, L. C. &amp; Wang, X. H. (2016) Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4126 (3), 427 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4126.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Liu 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F551B0199EAE17BC4" box="[371,428,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
have indicated that what is referred to as superior volsella is, in fact, the aedeagal lobe. This terminology usage follows that of Hansen &amp; Cook (1979) and 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F57A001A5EF2E7BA0" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[968,1123,691,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref12745" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1989) The adult males of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederolm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 34, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliver (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, which refer to the structure as the aedeagal lobe or median aedeagal lobe. Hansen &amp; Cook (1979) used the terminology proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F512601C1EBAF7A78" author="Saether, O. A." pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="1237 - 1260" refId="ref13088" refString="Saether, O. A. (1971) Notes on general morphology and terminology of the Chironomidae (Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, 103, 1237 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031237 - 9" type="journal article" year="1971">Saether (1971)</bibRefCitation>
while discussing the difficulty of finding the correct homology of the external genitalia in insects and their correspondence to 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F55030009E9467A54" box="[363,523,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F56140009E8327A54" author="Montagna, M. &amp; Urbanelli, S. &amp; Rossaro, B." box="[636,895,799,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref12575" refString="Montagna, M., Urbanelli, S. &amp; Rossaro, B. (2016 b) The species of the genus Diamesa (Diptera, Chironomidae) known to occur in Italian Alps and Apennines. Zootaxa, 4193 (2), 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.2.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
Montagna 
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F569D0009E8607A54" box="[757,813,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F50430009EF837A54" author="Saether, O. A." box="[1067,1230,799,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="1237 - 1260" refId="ref13088" refString="Saether, O. A. (1971) Notes on general morphology and terminology of the Chironomidae (Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, 103, 1237 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031237 - 9" type="journal article" year="1971">Saether (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, the aedeagal lobe is a membranous lobe bearing two dorsal sclerotized members that articulate anteriorly with the sternapodeme and converge posteriorly to nearly touch each other. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F56D10071E8147AEC" author="Saether, O. A." box="[697,857,871,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13170" refString="Saether, O. A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera, Chiromodiae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1980">Saether (1980)</bibRefCitation>
further described this lobe as an intromittent organ resulting from the combination of gonapophysis IX and surrounding phalli, which he suggested only truly exists in 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F54D000B9EA367AA4" authorityName="Brundin &amp; Saether" authorityYear="1978" box="[184,379,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Buchonomyiinae">Buchonomyiinae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F55E100B9E90C7AA4" author="Saether, O. A." box="[393,577,943,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13170" refString="Saether, O. A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera, Chiromodiae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1980">Saether’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
work solidified the terminology of volsellas, especially in relation to the phallapodeme and aedeagal lobe. While defining these structures, their association with the aedeagal lobe can be extracted, with inferior volsella as the lateral lobe of the aedeagus, median volsella as the dorsal lobe of the aedeagus, and superior volsella as aedeagal blade. Further, 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F56CD070DE81B7D58" author="Saether, O. A." box="[677,854,1051,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13170" refString="Saether, O. A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera, Chiromodiae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1980">Saether’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations provided for species of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F50B7070DEE227D58" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[1247,1391,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F54FF0729EA567D34" authorityName="Ghaderi &amp; Namayandeh &amp; Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi &amp; Karimian &amp; Mansouri &amp; Molodi" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,283,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diamesinae">Diamesinae</taxonomicName>
male genitalia support this association where at least the superior and median volsellas are located in the aeadeagal region of the hypopygium attached to phallapodeme (i.e., surrounding phalli). Therefore, the definition of superior volsella proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F55820791E9F57DCC" author="Doughman, J. S." box="[490,696,1158,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref11021" refString="Doughman, J. S. (1985) Sympotthastia Pagast (Diptera, Chironomidae), an Update Based on Larvae from North-Carolina, S. diastena (Sublette) comb. n. and other Nearctic Species. Brimleyana, 11, 39 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Doughman (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and consequently used by 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F57800791EF997DCC" author="Makarchenko, E. A." box="[1000,1236,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="51 - 58" refId="ref12047" refString="Makarchenko, E. A. (1994) Chironomids of the Subfamily Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Japan. Bulletin of National Science Museum of Tokyo, Series A, 20, 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1994">Makarchenko (1994)</bibRefCitation>
is not necessarily incorrect. 
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F556207BDEA977DA8" author="Doughman, J. S." box="[266,474,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref11021" refString="Doughman, J. S. (1985) Sympotthastia Pagast (Diptera, Chironomidae), an Update Based on Larvae from North-Carolina, S. diastena (Sublette) comb. n. and other Nearctic Species. Brimleyana, 11, 39 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Doughman (1985)</bibRefCitation>
defined the superior volsella as an anteromedial portion of the phallapodeme that is apodemal and heavily sclerotized and the median volsella as a secondary, microsetigerous lobe of the phallapodeme. He defined the hirsute lobe, which is poorly developed, as inferior volsella (
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F57B407E5EFD07C60" author="Doughman, J. S." box="[988,1181,1266,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref11021" refString="Doughman, J. S. (1985) Sympotthastia Pagast (Diptera, Chironomidae), an Update Based on Larvae from North-Carolina, S. diastena (Sublette) comb. n. and other Nearctic Species. Brimleyana, 11, 39 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Doughman 1985</bibRefCitation>
). From these, it is clear that what workers refer to as aedeagal lobe or superior volsella interchangeably (E. Makarchenko and B. Rossaro, pers. com. 
<date id="C3181000FFCB647F5578062DEA867C38" box="[272,459,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" value="2024-08-12">August 12, 2024</date>
) both have merits because the origin of these structures is the same. We can further find support in the description of the genitalia of the related families of 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F57EB0649E8977C14" box="[899,986,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
, particularly 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F50050649EFA77C14" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[1133,1258,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
. In the genitalia of adult male 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F555D0695EAFC7CF0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[309,433,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
, the ventral plate of the aedeagus (superior volsella) is a large, heavily sclerotized platelike structure situated between and dorsal to gonopods with anterolateral corners being arm-like and median sclerite (median volsella) is usually moderately long, slender, flattened, and lying immediately dorsal to a ventral plate of the aedeagus (
<bibRefCitation id="D3374B31FFCB647F555F06F9EA907F64" author="Peterson, B. V." box="[311,477,1519,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" pagination="355 - 391" refId="ref12807" refString="Peterson, B. V. (1981) Simuliidae. In: MCAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vokeroth, R. R. &amp; Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph No. 27. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 355 - 391." type="book chapter" year="1981">Peterson 1981</bibRefCitation>
). What we observed in our specimens was that the posterior portion of what is called superior volsella by some workers and the aedeagal lobe by others appears much darker and indiscernibly separated from the much lighter anterior portion (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCB647F56370521E9F27F3C" box="[607,703,1590,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,387,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-102@9.[151,1435,381,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male (A–E).A. antenna. B. head. C. thorax. D. hypopygium. E. phallapodeme, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, and median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239328/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Figs. 5E</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCB647F568F0521E8477F3C" box="[743,778,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-137@10.[151,1436,417,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sympotthastia golalae sp. nov. adult male. A. wing. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe, superior volsella, median volsella and phallapodeme indicated by arrows. C. superior volsella and spiniferous median volsella. Scale bars are 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239330/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">6E</figureCitation>
). This suggests that the posterior half should be regarded as the aedeagal lobe and the anterior half as the superior volsella so that the two are merged into one sclerite. By examining these sclerites in the closely related genus 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F56990569E8297FF4" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[753,868,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Potthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F56990569E8297FF4" box="[753,868,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Potthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we can observe a clear separation of the aedeagal lobe from the superior volsella yet observe at the same time that they form the same plane (
<figureCitation id="2F9D2A45FFCB647F50FD05B5EF977FD0" box="[1173,1242,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,805,829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,151,781]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Potthastia longimanus (Kieffer, 1922) adult male (A–B), Lake Huron, Bush Bay, MI, USA.A. hypopygium, arrows indicate phallapodeme. B. hypopygium, aedeagal lobe (AL), superior volsella (SVo), median volsella (MVo), and inferior volsella (IVo), white arrows indicate the boundary of aedeagal lobe and superior volsella. Scale bars are 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). However, since the boundary of where the aedeagal lobe terminates and superior volsella begins may not be clearly observable in all 
<taxonomicName id="70A64D43FFCB647F54D205FDEAFE7E68" box="[186,435,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="85D2EAD2FFCB647F54D205FDEA147E68" box="[186,345,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="91">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, we suggest that the two be used in combination so that when referring to this sclerite, we use aedeagal lobe + superior volsella or AL + SVo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>