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<mods:title id="373202A09751E10647E1CF943B660A1F">Redescription of Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), a pea crab endemic to the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36F69AA7B4396BF6B738527C18335918">Ng, Peter K. L.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8E4008CFEBF9DEB" bold="true" box="[151,369,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4ED9F3008CFDE09DEA" author="Gordon, I." box="[384,558,726,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF840D4ED8EC00A1FEC79C0F" box="[159,265,762,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1403,191,1501]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,813,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[174,1414,181,1513]" captionTargetId-2="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetId-3="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetId-4="figure-361@7.[151,1435,813,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran.A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Colour in life. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936).A, host clam, Callista umbonella; B, female (part of ZUTC 6924); C, D, female (8.4 × 7.7 mm) (ZUTC 6923). B, in situ in Callista umbonella; C, overall dorsal view; D, overall ventral view. All from Iran." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592797" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6592797/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8E40165FE949C4D" box="[151,346,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Pinnotheres tivelae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4ED9130165FDEE9C4D" author="Gordon, I." box="[352,544,831,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936: 167</bibRefCitation>
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, 174, fig. 4; 
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<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDAED0165FC209C4D" author="Silas, E. G. &amp; Alagarswami, K." box="[670,1006,831,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1161 - 1227" refId="ref6328" refString="Silas, E. G. &amp; Alagarswami, K. (1967) On an instance of parasitisation by the pea-crab (Pinnotheres sp.) on the backwater clam [Meretrix casta (Chemnitz)] from India, with a review of the work on systematics, ecology, biology and etiology of pea crabs of the genus Pinnotheres, Latreille, 1802. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Crustacea, held at Ernakulam from January 12 to 15, 1965. Symposium series (Marine Biological Association of India), 3. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India, 1967, pp. 1161 - 1227." type="journal article" year="1967">Silas &amp; Alagarswami 1967: 1211</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDB8B0165FB119C4D" author="Schmitt, W. L. &amp; McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E." box="[1016,1247,831,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref6185" refString="Schmitt, W. L., McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E. (1973) Part 3. Decapoda I. Brachyura I. Fam. Pinnotheridae. In: Gruner, H. - E. &amp; Holthuis, L. B. (Eds.), Crustaceorum Catalogus. Dr. W. Junk, Den Haag, pp. 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1973">
Schmitt 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDC3F011AFBB19C4D" box="[1100,1151,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
1973: 89
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="FB6910E9FF840D4EDC9A0165FEFE9C6C" author="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A." page="355" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDC9A0165FEFE9C6C" author="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="655 - 661" refId="ref6113" refString="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A. (2010) Incidence and biology of Arcotheres tivelae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia: Veneridae) on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, 655 - 661. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409991196" type="journal article" year="2010">Saeedi &amp; Ardalan 2010: 355</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8E40126FE809C8E" box="[151,334,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
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— 
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<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4ED91A0127FDFF9C8F" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[361,561,892,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref6024" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 17, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED9FD0127FE0C9C8E" box="[398,450,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 248
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="FB6910E9FF840D4EDA4F0126FCC49C8F" author="Naderloo, R." box="[572,778,892,917]" page="421" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDA4F0126FCC49C8F" author="Naderloo, R." box="[572,778,892,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" refId="ref5920" refString="Naderloo, R. (2017) Atlas of Crabs of the Persian Gulf. Springer Verlag, Cham, 444 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 49374 - 9" type="book" year="2017">Naderloo 2017: 421</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 38.1, 38.2, 38.5a, 38.6; 
<treatmentCitation id="FB6910E9FF840D4EDC490127FA969C8F" author="De Gier, W. &amp; Becker, C." box="[1082,1368,892,917]" page="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDC490127FA969C8F" author="De Gier, W. &amp; Becker, C." box="[1082,1368,892,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref5134" refString="De Gier, W. &amp; Becker, C. (2020) A review of the ecomorphology of pinnotherine pea crabs (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae), with an updated list of symbiont-host associations. Diversity, 12 (431), 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12110431" type="journal article" year="2020">De Gier &amp; Becker 2020: 21</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="FB6910E9FF840D4EDD100127FE469CA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6607537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6607537" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F26187EEFF840D48D8E4008CFACD9C0F" page="143" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDD100127FE469CA9" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022: 143</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF840D4ED8E401E0FEA79CC8" ID-CoL="67PXW" baseAuthorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,361,954,978]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8E401E0FEA79CC8" box="[151,361,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Arcotheres placunae</emphasis>
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—Naderloo &amp; Türkay 2012: 54; 
<treatmentCitation id="FB6910E9FF840D4EDAC801E0FC0B9CC8" author="Naderloo, R. &amp; Sari, A." box="[699,965,954,978]" page="450" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDAC801E0FC0B9CC8" author="Naderloo, R. &amp; Sari, A." box="[699,965,954,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="445 - 462" refId="ref5855" refString="Naderloo, R., Tu ¨ rkay, M. &amp; Sari, A. (2013) Intertidal habitats and decapod (Crustacea) diversity of Qeshm Island, a biodiversity hotspot within the Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity, 43, 445 - 462. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0174 - 3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Naderloo 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDB5201E1FC9B9CC8" box="[801,853,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 450
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, tab. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4EDC6A01E0FB279CC8" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[1049,1257,954,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: tab. 1. (Not 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF840D4EDD0201E0FD5D9CEB" ID-CoL="80097597-4a80-424b-a468-8ecbd6ec9c4b" authority="Hornell &amp; Southwell, 1909" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDD0201E0FEBA9CEA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Pinnoteres placunae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF840D4ED9090182FD5D9CEB" author="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T." box="[378,659,984,1009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref5509" refString="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T. (1909) Description of a new species of Pinnoteres from Placuna placenta, with a note on the genus. In: Hornell, J. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. Part 1. Richard Clay &amp; Sons Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk, pp. 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54463" type="book chapter" year="1909">Hornell &amp; Southwell, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D26573FF840D4ED8E40645FD0099FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF840D4ED8E40645FED19BBF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1054,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8E40645FE0A9B22" bold="true" box="[151,452,1054,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CAA03CA5FF840D4ED9BE0645FB7E9B47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3800825301" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="R. Winckworth" country="Oman" location="Muscat" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED9BE0645FDFA9B23" box="[461,564,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<typeStatus id="A573885AFF840D4ED9BE0645FDFA9B23" box="[461,564,1055,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA360645FD5F9B23" box="[581,657,1055,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(13.6 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDA8B0644FC909B23" box="[760,862,1054,1081]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDB040645FC749B23" box="[887,954,1055,1081]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
1936.6.19.9), from intertidal clam, 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF840D4EDD2B0645FEC29B47" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Tivela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDD2B0645FEC29B47" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Tivela ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Knock, in Philippi, 1844) (
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF840D4EDA3A0619FD0E9B44" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[585,704,1091,1118]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Veneridae</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF840D4EDAA00619FCE69B47" box="[723,808,1091,1117]" name="Oman" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<collectingRegion id="B80CF81AFF840D4EDAA00619FCE69B47" box="[723,808,1091,1117]" country="Oman" name="Masqat" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Muscat</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF840D4EDB400619FCB49B47" box="[819,890,1091,1117]" name="Oman" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Oman</collectingCountry>
, present by 
<collectorName id="D73D532EFF840D4EDC720619FB7E9B47" box="[1025,1200,1091,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">R. Winckworth</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="CAA03CA5FF840D4EDCC90619FED19BBF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3800825302" collectionCode="NHM" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDCC90619FAE29B46" box="[1210,1324,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<typeStatus id="A573885AFF840D4EDCC90619FAE29B46" box="[1210,1324,1091,1116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 1 female with damaged carapace, about same size as holotype, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA82063DFC9C9B9B" box="[753,850,1127,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(9.0 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDBD0063DFC349B9B" box="[931,1018,1127,1153]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDC63063DFB9D9B9B" box="[1040,1107,1127,1153]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">NHM</collectionCode>
1936.6.19.10–11), same data as holotype.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF840D4ED8B406F5FD0099FF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1054,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8B406F5FDEF9BD2" bold="true" box="[199,545,1198,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Non-type material examined</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDA4006F5FDA69BD3" bold="true" box="[563,616,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF840D4EDA4006F5FDA69BD3" box="[563,616,1199,1225]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Iran</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA0A06F5FD049BD3" box="[633,714,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDAAB06F5FCF59BD3" box="[728,827,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDB3E06F5FC4B9BD3" box="[845,901,1199,1225]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2006.51), 
<collectingRegion id="B80CF81AFF840D4EDC7706F5FB369BD3" box="[1028,1272,1199,1225]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Hormozgan Province</collectingRegion>
, Persian Gulf, coll. H. H. Sahafi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4ED91B0689FDD89BF7" box="[360,534,1235,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2004-03-26">26 March 2004</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA520689FDA19BF7" box="[545,623,1235,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 1 ovigerous female, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDB2E0689FC079BF7" box="[861,969,1235,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
(largest 11.2 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDC040689FB009BF7" box="[1143,1230,1235,1261]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDC970689FAD29BF7" box="[1252,1308,1235,1261]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2009.831), in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF840D4ED8C606ADFD129A08" authority="(Lamarck, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[181,732,1271,1298]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Callista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonella">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8C606ADFE459A0B" box="[181,395,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Callista umbonella</emphasis>
(Lamarck, 1818) (Veneridae)
</taxonomicName>
, Bandar-Abbas, Persian Gulf, coll. H. Saeedi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDC9B06ADFA4C9A0B" box="[1256,1410,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2009-01">January 2009</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDDFD06ADFF2D9A2F" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(10.1 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4ED9370741FE529A2F" box="[324,412,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4ED9C00741FE259A2F" box="[435,491,1307,1333]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2016.162), Qeshm Island, coll. M. Safaei, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDBA20741FB869A2F" box="[977,1096,1307,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2010-05">May 2010</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDC270741FB649A2F" box="[1108,1194,1307,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(5.7 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDC8E0740FA989A2F" box="[1277,1366,1306,1333]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
, 5.6 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4ED8E40764FF3D9A43" box="[151,243,1342,1369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
), 2 ovigerous females (8.6 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDA330765FD579A43" box="[576,665,1343,1369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
, 10.7 × 
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF840D4EDA8B0765FC9E9A43" box="[760,848,1343,1369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDB1B0765FC6E9A43" box="[872,928,1343,1369]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2009.155), Gulf of Oman, coll. E. Kamrani, 2011; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED8AC0739FEE19A67" box="[223,303,1379,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED94E0739FE6E9A67" box="[317,416,1379,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4ED9C20739FE259A67" box="[433,491,1379,1405]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">SMF</collectionCode>
38541), Golshahr, Bandar-Abbas, Persian Gulf, coll. M. Ebrahimi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDC860739FA569A67" box="[1269,1432,1379,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2004-04-19">19 April 2004</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED8E407DDFF299ABB" box="[151,231,1415,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED88707DDFEA19ABB" box="[244,367,1415,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4ED9F307DDFE749ABB" box="[384,442,1415,1441]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">SMF</collectionCode>
38542), Kolahi, Strait of Hormoz, 2702′N, 5651′E, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi &amp; A. Keykhosravi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4ED94707F1FE1C9ADF" box="[308,466,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-04-24">24 April 2008</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED9AD07F1FDF99ADF" box="[478,567,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA3107F1FD729ADF" box="[578,700,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDAB907F1FCCA9ADF" box="[714,772,1451,1477]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">SMF</collectionCode>
38543), Kolahi, Strait of Hormoz, 2702′N, 5651′E, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi &amp; A. Keykhosravi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDA140795FCCB9AF3" box="[615,773,1487,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-04-24">24 April 2008</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDB620794FCB39AF3" box="[785,893,1486,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(2 ovigerous, 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDC6C0795FB559AF0" box="[1055,1179,1487,1514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDCC20795FB329AF3" box="[1201,1276,1487,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZUTC</collectionCode>
5931), east of Bandar-Abbas, Persian Gulf, 2711′N, 5621′E, muddy-sand flat, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi &amp; A. Keykhosravi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDDF307A9FEC2992B" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-05-23">23 May 2008</date>
; 4 ovigerous females (
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDA74044DFD9C992B" box="[519,594,1559,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZUTC</collectionCode>
5204), Tiab, Strait of Hormoz, 2702′50.4′′N, 5161′03.1′′E, coll. 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDD51044CFF1C994F" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-01-25">25 January 2008</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED8AD0461FE84994F" box="[222,330,1595,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4ED92A0461FE6A994F" box="[345,420,1595,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZUTC</collectionCode>
6923), Kolahi, Strait of Hormoz, 2702′51.8′′N, 5151′04.6′′E, coll. H. Saelhi &amp; A. Kazemi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4ED8E40405FEBD9963" box="[151,371,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-11-29">29 November 2008</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4ED9F30404FE229963" box="[384,492,1630,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4ED9880405FD889963" box="[507,582,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZUTC</collectionCode>
6924), Tis, Chabahar, Gulf of Oman, 2525′23.33′′N, 6035′15.59′′E, coll. H. Salehi &amp; A. Kazemi, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4ED9E204D9FDBD9987" box="[401,627,1667,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2008-11-29">29 November 2008</date>
. 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4EDAF304D8FD179986" bold="true" box="[640,729,1666,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF840D4EDAF304D8FD179986" box="[640,729,1666,1692]" name="Kuwait" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDA9904D9FC809987" box="[746,846,1667,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDB2C04D9FC599987" box="[863,919,1667,1693]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2021.0478), station SDG 54, unknown host, Al-Nuweeseb, coll. S. De Grave, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4EDA6604FDFD7699DB" box="[533,696,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2014-03-04">4 March 2014</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF840D4EDAB704FDFCE899DB" box="[708,806,1703,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="1CD9AE3DFF840D4EDB4504FDFCA099DB" box="[822,878,1703,1729]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">ZRC</collectionCode>
2021.0479), station SDG 59, unknown host, Ras Kadma, Kuwait, S. De Grave, 
<date id="0E761038FF840D4ED99D0491FD0499FF" box="[494,714,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" value="2014-11-17">17 November 2014</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D26573FF840D4BD8B404B4FBAB9CF2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="278" type="description">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF840D4ED8B404B4FBC998A7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1054,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED8B404B4FE979812" bold="true" box="[199,345,1774,1800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF840D4ED91204B5FE7B9813" box="[353,437,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Female</emphasis>
: Carapace and pereopods weakly chitinised, relatively soft. Carapace subcircular, wider than long; dorsal and lateral surfaces smooth, glabrous; domed in frontal view; front slightly projecting anteriorly beyond orbits, margin gently convex to straight; anterolateral margin subparallel with frontal margin or gently sloping posteriorly, forming rounded angle with posterolateral margin (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF840D4EDBE10501FBDC986F" box="[914,1042,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
). Posterior carapace margin gently convex (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF840D4ED8840525FEBA9883" box="[247,372,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
). Eyes small, not or just visible in dorsal view, mobile, completely filling orbit (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF840D4EDC870525FA5E9883" box="[1268,1424,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Fig. 1A, D, E</figureCitation>
). Epistome with median part wide, triangular, lateral margins concave (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF840D4EDBD705F9FC3798A7" box="[932,1017,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF840D4DD8B4059DFF349E07" blockId="1.[151,1437,1054,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="1" pageNumber="278">
MXP3 outer surface with scattered short setae; ischiomerus completely fused, sub-rhomboidal, ca. 2.2 times as long as wide, inner margin rounded at widest point; carpus short; propodus about 2 times as long as high, subspatulate, longer than carpus, tip rounded; dactylus slender, inserted slightly proximal to mid-length of propodus, tip not reaching propodal apex; exopod relatively stout, about half length of ischiomerus, flagellum 2 articles (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF870D4DDD170285FF759E07" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Figs. 1G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF870D4DD8B40359FF239E07" box="[199,237,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[174,1414,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran.A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2EB76670FF870D4DD8E40537FD8C98EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" startId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF870D4DD8E40537FD8C98EB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1901,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF870D4DD8E40537FEC1989C" bold="true" box="[151,271,1901,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF870D4DD96E0534FD4F989C" authority="(Gordon, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[285,641,1902,1926]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF870D4DD96E0534FE19989C" box="[285,471,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="279">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF870D4DD9960534FDB4989C" author="Gordon, I." box="[485,634,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="279" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2EB76670FF860D4CD8E4045BFBF79927" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6592789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" startId="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" targetBox="[184,1403,191,1501]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF860D4CD8E4045BFBF79927" blockId="3.[151,1436,1537,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF860D4CD8E4045BFEDC9903" bold="true" box="[151,274,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF860D4CD964045BFDBE9903" authority="(Gordon, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[279,624,1537,1561]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF860D4CD964045BFE039903" box="[279,461,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF860D4CD9AA045BFDA79903" author="Gordon, I." box="[473,617,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran. A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF860D4CD8B40436FF25980C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1644,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
Adult chela relatively elongate, dactylus about half palm length; palm relatively slender, proximally narrower than distally; outer surfaces of palm, fingers (except for distal part) almost glabrous, with only scattered short setae; ventral margin of palm gently convex; dactylus occlusal margin with large subproximal tooth; pollex occlusal margin with 1 lower proximal tooth, 1 submedian tooth and minute denticles; tips of fingers sharp, hooked (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF860D4CDD1C0482FF10980C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1C, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF860D4BD8B40545FCF09FCF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1644,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="3" pageNumber="280">
P2–P5 dorsally, ventrally unarmed; outer surface covered with scattered, short setae or glabrous; ventral margins of propodus and dactylus setose; merus relatively longer, more slender, relative lengths of meri P4&gt;P3&gt;P5&gt;P2; usually right P4 distinctly longest; P4 and P5 propodi lined with setae along flexor margin; P2 and P3 dactyli short, subequal, tip distinctly hooked, half to one-third propodus length; longer P4 dactylus elongate, broadly falciform, distinctly longer than half propodus length, slightly shorter than P5 dactylus; shorter P4 dactylus almost twice length of P3 dactylus; longer female P4 merus ca. 1.7 times longer than P5 merus; P5 merus 4.4–4.7 times longer than wide; P5 dactylus shorter than propodus extensor margin, dorsodistal half glabrous, setae denser on ventral margin, distoflexor margin without rows of spinules (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDAE202E1FD279FCF" box="[657,745,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 1I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDA8602E1FCFC9FCF" box="[757,818,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[174,1414,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran.A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">2B–I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B40285FEF99E07" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
Pleon extending to buccal region, covering bases of P2–P5; telson recessed into concave distal margin of somite 6 (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD8C60359FEE59E07" box="[181,299,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 1C, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B4037DFAE59E93" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8B4037DFECF9E5B" box="[199,257,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Male</emphasis>
: Carapace and pereiopods well chitinised, firm. Carapace almost circular, slightly wider than long or subequal; dorsal surface almost smooth, gently inflated, lateral surfaces with scattered setae; front projecting anteriorly, margin gently sinuous to almost straight (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDA1B0335FD2C9E93" box="[616,738,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Eyes distinctly visible in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDCD00335FAD39E93" box="[1187,1309,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B403C9FED09EEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
MXP3 as in female (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD9C703C9FDD99EB7" box="[436,535,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDA5703C9FD859EB7" box="[548,587,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">4A</figureCitation>
). Anterior thoracic sternum wide, sternites 1, 2 fused, partially sunken into buccal cavity; suture between sternites 2 and 3 shallow; sternites 3, 4 immovably fused, demarcated only by shallow groove.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B403A5FC1D9D03" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" box="[199,979,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
Chela relatively stout, proportionally shorter than in female (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDB0303A5FC0B9D03" box="[880,965,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B40078FB899D9F" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
P2–P5 dorsally, ventrally unarmed; outer surface covered with short setae; P3 and P4 carpus and propodus with long natatory setae; left and right meri equal, relative lengths of meri P4&gt;P3&gt;P2&gt;P5; dactyli of P2–P4 progressively longer; P5 dactylus shorter than those of P3 and P4, covered with setae (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDBB10031FBF59D9F" box="[962,1083,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 4B–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B400D5FEB29C2D" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
Pleon triangular, widest at somite 3, lateral margins of somite 4 gently concave to almost straight; somite 6 trapezoidal; telson semicircular, wider than long (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDAB800E9FCEA9DD7" box="[715,804,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). G1 relatively stout, arcuate, curved outwards, without subdistal dorsal projection, distal part tapering to rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDB35008CFC709DEB" box="[838,958,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 3H, I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDBBA008CFBCD9DEA" box="[969,1027,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">4F–I</figureCitation>
); distal openings of ejaculatory canal oriented slightly towards lateral sides of body. G2 short, with spatuliform tip; exopod slightly longer than endopod length (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD89F0147FE899C2D" box="[236,327,797,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 3J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD9200147FEA19C2D" box="[339,367,797,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">4J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B4011AFC9B9CBB" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8B4011AFEF19C40" bold="true" box="[199,319,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Variation.</emphasis>
The male specimens do not show any obvious leg asymmetry. The MXP3 shows slight variations in the length of dactylus in females, with small specimens (CL&lt;
<quantity id="BD309B1DFF810D4BDB4D013EFCB19C65" box="[830,895,868,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
) usually possessing a relatively shorter dactylus, hardly reaching to the distal two-thirds length of the propodus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B401F1FBAB9CF2" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8B401F1FEA59CDF" bold="true" box="[199,363,939,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Females: relatively translucent, with large orange gonads internally (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDC1E01F1FB299CDC" box="[1133,1255,939,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,813,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-361@7.[151,1435,813,1890]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Colour in life. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936).A, host clam, Callista umbonella; B, female (part of ZUTC 6924); C, D, female (8.4 × 7.7 mm) (ZUTC 6923). B, in situ in Callista umbonella; C, overall dorsal view; D, overall ventral view. All from Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592797/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 5B–D</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDD3C01F1FF309CF2" author="Naderloo, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5920" refString="Naderloo, R. (2017) Atlas of Crabs of the Persian Gulf. Springer Verlag, Cham, 444 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 49374 - 9" type="book" year="2017">Naderloo 2017</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 38.1b). Males: pale, nearly white to ivory, well calcified, not translucent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D26573FF810D48D8B401A8FD479D27" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B401A8FAFF9BA7" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8B401A8FEF59B16" bold="true" box="[199,315,1010,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Remarks.</emphasis>
The poorly described 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDA4401A9FC989B16" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[567,854,1010,1037]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA4401A9FD619B16" box="[567,687,1011,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Pinnoteres</emphasis>
(sic) 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA9C01A8FC989B16" box="[751,854,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDBF301A8FB739B16" author="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T." box="[896,1213,1010,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref5509" refString="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T. (1909) Description of a new species of Pinnoteres from Placuna placenta, with a note on the genus. In: Hornell, J. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. Part 1. Richard Clay &amp; Sons Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk, pp. 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54463" type="book chapter" year="1909">Hornell &amp; Southwell (1909)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDD7201A8FF369B2A" authorityName="Lightfoot" authorityYear="1786" class="Bivalvia" family="Placunidae" genus="Placuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDD7201A8FA909B16" box="[1281,1374,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Placuna</emphasis>
(Placunidae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="B80CF81AFF810D4BD96D064FFE639B2A" box="[286,429,1045,1072]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Gujarat state</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF810D4BD9A7064FFDC09B35" box="[468,526,1045,1071]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF810D4BDA35064FFD6B9B35" box="[582,677,1045,1071]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
has caused some uncertainty about its identity and, in addition the 
<typeStatus id="A573885AFF810D4BD8E40663FF1C9B49" box="[151,210,1081,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">types</typeStatus>
are lost (cf. Schmitt 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD9B10660FE329B49" box="[450,508,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
1970). Similarities and suggestions that 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDBB90663FA859B49" authority="Gordon, 1936" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[970,1355,1081,1107]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDBB90663FB6A9B49" box="[970,1188,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Pinnotheres tivelae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDCDF0663FA859B49" author="Gordon, I." box="[1196,1355,1081,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDDFB0660FF309B6C" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDDFB0660FF309B6C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">P. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synonyms (Naderloo &amp; Türkay 2012; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDAA80606FC0A9B6C" author="Naderloo, R. &amp; Sari, A." box="[731,964,1116,1142]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="445 - 462" refId="ref5855" refString="Naderloo, R., Tu ¨ rkay, M. &amp; Sari, A. (2013) Intertidal habitats and decapod (Crustacea) diversity of Qeshm Island, a biodiversity hotspot within the Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity, 43, 445 - 462. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0174 - 3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Naderloo 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB390607FC4D9B6C" box="[842,899,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) may simply be due to the inaccuracies in the descriptions and figures of 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD99E06DAFCE79B80" author="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T." box="[493,809,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref5509" refString="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T. (1909) Description of a new species of Pinnoteres from Placuna placenta, with a note on the genus. In: Hornell, J. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. Part 1. Richard Clay &amp; Sons Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk, pp. 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54463" type="book chapter" year="1909">Hornell &amp; Southwell (1909)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDB4706DAFC239B80" author="Naderloo, R." box="[820,1005,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5920" refString="Naderloo, R. (2017) Atlas of Crabs of the Persian Gulf. Springer Verlag, Cham, 444 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 49374 - 9" type="book" year="2017">Naderloo (2017)</bibRefCitation>
later recognised the species of Gordon as a valid 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BD97B06F9FE4F9BA7" authorityName="Manning" authorityYear="1993" box="[264,385,1187,1213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD97B06F9FE4F9BA7" box="[264,385,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Arcotheres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but noted that no males of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDACA06FEFCED9BA7" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[697,803,1187,1214]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDACA06FEFCED9BA7" box="[697,803,1187,1214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were available for more detailed comparisons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4BD8B4069DFDC19826" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD8B4069DFE669BFB" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[199,424,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD96C069DFE999BFB" box="[287,343,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
clarified the taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDABD069DFC9A9BFB" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[718,852,1223,1249]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDABD069DFC9A9BFB" box="[718,852,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and corrected the inaccuracies in the figures and description of 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD96D06B0FD939A1E" author="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T." box="[286,605,1258,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref5509" refString="Hornell, J. &amp; Southwell, T. (1909) Description of a new species of Pinnoteres from Placuna placenta, with a note on the genus. In: Hornell, J. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. Part 1. Richard Clay &amp; Sons Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk, pp. 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54463" type="book chapter" year="1909">Hornell &amp; Southwell (1909)</bibRefCitation>
, confirming that the types are no longer extant and a 
<typeStatus id="A573885AFF810D4BDCC306B1FAC79A1F" box="[1200,1289,1259,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was selected from the original type locality in the Rann of Kutch (at present Gulf of Kachchh) in 
<collectingRegion id="B80CF81AFF810D4BDC3C0757FB109A32" box="[1103,1246,1293,1320]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Gujarat state</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF810D4BDD700757FA8E9A3D" box="[1283,1344,1293,1319]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDD380757FE829A56" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8E40768FF1E9A51" box="[151,208,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
(2018: 57)
</bibRefCitation>
elaborated on the differences between the females of the two species, noting that in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDD71076BFAA29A51" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[1282,1388,1329,1355]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDD71076BFAA29A51" box="[1282,1388,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the carapace is more subcircular, at 1.2 times wider than long (vs more transversely ovate and 1.4 times wider than long in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BD8C60722FEF59A88" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[181,315,1400,1426]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD8C60722FEF59A88" box="[181,315,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD9390722FDD19A88" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[330,543,1400,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD9D00723FE129A88" box="[419,476,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1A, C, F, 2A); the posterior carapace margin is usually gently convex (vs strongly concave in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BD90407C6FE339AAF" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[375,509,1435,1462]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD90407C6FE339AAF" box="[375,509,1435,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDA7907C1FD159AAC" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[522,731,1435,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA1107C6FD579AAF" box="[610,665,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1A, C, F, 2A); the MXP3 ischiomerus is 2.2 times as long as wide (vs 2.6 times as long as wide in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDA2D07E5FD2B9AC3" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[606,741,1471,1497]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA2D07E5FD2B9AC3" box="[606,741,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDA8007E5FC069AC3" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[755,968,1471,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB3F079AFC4A9AC3" box="[844,900,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 2F, G); the female dactylus is about half the length of the cheliped palm in adults (vs dactylus slightly shorter than the palm in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDCEA07B9FAEE9AE6" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[1177,1312,1506,1533]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDCEA07B9FAEE9AE6" box="[1177,1312,1506,1533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDD5C07B8FF36993A" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDDFB07B9FF7A993A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 2D, E); the longer female P4 merus is 1.7 times longer than the P5 merus (vs 1.3 times in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDD46045CFF719959" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDD46045CFF719959" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD8BD0473FE6C9959" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[206,418,1577,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD9540470FE919959" box="[295,351,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4C, D, G, H); the shorter P4 dactylus is almost twice the length of the P3 dactylus (vs 1.2 times in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BD9570417FE64997D" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[292,426,1613,1639]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD9570417FE64997D" box="[292,426,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD9CA0417FD41997D" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[441,655,1613,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA610414FD85997D" box="[530,587,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4B, C, F, G); the P5 dactylus is about 0.75 times longer than the shorter P4 dactylus (vs 0.84 times longer in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDAF5042BFCC29990" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[646,780,1648,1675]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDAF5042BFCC29990" box="[646,780,1648,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDB69042AFC209990" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[794,1006,1648,1674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB01042BFC659990" box="[882,939,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4C, D, G, H); the dorsodistal half of the P5 dactylus is glabrous (vs covered with short setae in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDB2304CEFC1999B4" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[848,983,1684,1710]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB2304CEFC1999B4" box="[848,983,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDB9504CEFB7299B4" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[998,1212,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDC4C04CEFBB799B4" box="[1087,1145,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4D, H); the P4 and P5 propodi are lined with setae along the flexor margin (vs almost glabrous in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDC4104E2FB7699CB" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[1074,1208,1719,1746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDC4104E2FB7699CB" box="[1074,1208,1719,1746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDCB504EDFA5699CB" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[1222,1432,1719,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDD6D04E2FA9899CB" box="[1310,1366,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4A–H); and there are no spinules on the P5 flexor margin (vs with 2 short rows of spinules present on the flexor margin; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BD88704A4FE069802" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[244,456,1790,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD93E04A5FE489802" box="[333,390,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4H’, L’). The present female specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDB9104A4FB829802" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[994,1100,1790,1816]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB9104A4FB829802" box="[994,1100,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirm these differences (cf. 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD8E4057BFE989826" box="[151,342,1825,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 1A, D, G–I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BD9120578FDCE9826" box="[353,512,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[174,1414,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran.A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">2A, D, E, H, I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF810D4AD8B4051FFE699FCF" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">
The males of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BD916051CFE1E9845" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[357,464,1861,1888]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BD916051CFE1E9845" box="[357,464,1861,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDA7A051CFD5F9845" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[521,657,1861,1888]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDA7A051CFD5F9845" box="[521,657,1861,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also distinct. The male carapace of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDC2B051CFB0D9845" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[1112,1219,1861,1888]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDC2B051CFB0D9845" box="[1112,1219,1861,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more circular in shape with the anterolateral margins strongly convex and the dorsal surface inflated; 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDC220533FB06989E" box="[1105,1224,1897,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
(vs less circular in shape with the dorsal surface less convex and the anterolateral margins gently convex in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDC0B05D4FB3098BD" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[1144,1278,1933,1960]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDC0B05D4FB3098BD" box="[1144,1278,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDD7F05D7FF1D98D6" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="281" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDD1705D4FA5398BD" box="[1380,1437,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1D, 3A), and the G1 has the distal part bent obliquely inwards towards the sternum; 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDCC805EBFAFD98D6" box="[1211,1331,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">Figs. 3H, I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF810D4BDD4C05E8FABA98D6" box="[1343,1396,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">4F–I</figureCitation>
(vs G1 gently curved inwards with a slender tapering distal part in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF810D4BDB2E058CFC2D98F5" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[861,995,2005,2032]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF810D4BDB2E058CFC2D98F5" box="[861,995,2005,2032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="281">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF810D4BDB81058CFB6598EA" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ngo, V. T." box="[1010,1195,2006,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="281" refId="ref6079" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ngo, V. T. (2022) The Pinnotheridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) of Vietnam. Crustaceana. [in press]" type="book" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ngo 2022</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9F, G). As noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF800D4AD8C802CDFE469FAB" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ngo, V. T." box="[187,392,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="282" refId="ref6079" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ngo, V. T. (2022) The Pinnotheridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) of Vietnam. Crustaceana. [in press]" type="book" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ngo (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, the figures of the male pleon and G1 tip of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF800D4ADBF202CDFBC69FAB" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[897,1032,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF800D4ADBF202CDFBC69FAB" box="[897,1032,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="282">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat inaccurate in 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF800D4ADD3802CDFED59FCF" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="5" pageNumber="282" pagination="50 - 58" refId="ref6545" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) Redescription of Arcotheres placunae (Hornell and Southwell, 1909) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from India and Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4433 (1), 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4433.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF800D4AD8E402E1FF019FCF" box="[151,207,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
(2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3B, D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2EB76670FF800D4AD8E405C8FD4398E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="282" startId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" targetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF800D4AD8E405C8FD4398E8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1938,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF800D4AD8E405C8FEDD98B0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1938,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF800D4AD96905C8FDB698B0" authority="(Gordon, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[282,632,1938,1962]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF800D4AD96905C8FE1C98B0" box="[282,466,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="282">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF800D4AD9AC05C8FDBF98B0" author="Gordon, I." box="[479,625,1938,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="282" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2EB76670FF830D49D8E40775FAF89A94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" startId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" targetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF830D49D8E40775FAF89A94" blockId="6.[151,1437,1327,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D8E40775FEDC9A5D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1327,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D96B0775FDBC9A5D" authority="(Gordon, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[280,626,1327,1351]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D96B0775FE009A5D" box="[280,462,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D9A90775FDA59A5D" author="Gordon, I." box="[474,619,1327,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF830D48D8B407E7FD479D27" blockId="6.[151,1437,1469,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
Despite previous comparisons with 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DA2B07E4FD109ACD" authorityName="Hornell &amp; Southwell" authorityYear="1909" box="[600,734,1469,1496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnoteres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placunae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DA2B07E4FD109ACD" box="[600,734,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. placunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DBB007E4FBE39ACD" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[963,1069,1469,1496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DBB007E4FBE39ACD" box="[963,1069,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DD2807E4FEB19AE6" authority="(Burger, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DD2807E4FF1A9AE1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D89107BBFEB99AE6" author="Burger, O." box="[226,375,1505,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="361 - 390" refId="ref4956" refString="Burger, O. (1895) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pinnotherinen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8, 361 - 390, pls. 9 + 10." type="journal article" year="1895">Bürger, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D9C607B8FD239AE1" authority="Ahyong &amp; Ng, 2007" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[437,749,1505,1532]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D9C607B8FDCE9AE1" box="[437,512,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DA7607BBFD239AE1" author="Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[517,749,1505,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="191 - 226" refId="ref4840" refString="Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2007) The pinnotherid type material of Semper (1880), Nauck (1880) and Burger (1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 16, 191 - 226." type="journal article" year="2007">Ahyong &amp; Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, two species that also inhabit venerid bivalves. 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DC8D07B8FF2C9905" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong (2022)</bibRefCitation>
revised the taxonomy of these two species, showing that 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB1D045FFAE09905" authority="Gordon, 1936" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1936" box="[878,1326,1541,1567]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="winckworthi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB1D045FFB499905" box="[878,1159,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Pinnotheres winckworthi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DCFC045FFAE09905" author="Gordon, I." box="[1167,1326,1541,1567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref5333" refString="Gordon, I. (1936) On a few Indo-Pacific species of Pinnotheres, with special reference to asymmetry of the walking legs. Journal of Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 163 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1936. tb 01683. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Gordon, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DD49045CFE80995E" authority="Chhapgar, 1957" authorityName="Chhapgar" authorityYear="1957" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicajii">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DD49045CFA529905" box="[1338,1436,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">P. vicajii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D8E40473FE80995E" author="Chhapgar, B. F." box="[151,334,1577,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="503 - 549" refId="ref4994" refString="Chhapgar, B. F. (1957) On the marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Bombay State, Part 2. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 54 (3), 503 - 549." type="journal article" year="1957">Chhapgar, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D92F0470FCCE9959" authority="Antony &amp; Kutyamma, 1971" authorityName="Antony &amp; Kutyamma" authorityYear="1971" box="[348,768,1577,1604]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casta">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D92F0470FE7B9959" box="[348,437,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">P. casta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D9CE0473FCCE9959" author="Antony, A. &amp; Kutyamma, V. J." box="[445,768,1577,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref4898" refString="Antony, A. &amp; Kutyamma, V. J. (1971) A new species of the pea-crab Pinnotheres Latreille (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the clam Meretrix casta (Chemnitz). Bulletin of the Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, University of Cochin, 5, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1971">Antony &amp; Kutyamma, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB320470FB299959" authority="Dai &amp; Song, 1986" authorityName="Dai &amp; Song" authorityYear="1986" box="[833,1255,1577,1603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuridentata">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB320470FBC99959" box="[833,1031,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">P. obscuridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DC630473FB299959" author="Dai, A-Y. &amp; Song, Y-Z." box="[1040,1255,1577,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="54 - 62" refId="ref5035" refString="Dai, A-Y. &amp; Song, Y-Z. (1986) Intertidal crabs from Beibu Gulf of Guangxi. Transactions of the Chinese Crustacean Society, 1, 54 - 62, pl. 1. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Dai &amp; Song, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, were all junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D95C0414FE6B997D" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[303,421,1614,1640]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D95C0414FE6B997D" box="[303,421,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DA670417FD24997D" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Gosavi, S. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Mitra, S. &amp; Ravinesh, R. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[532,746,1613,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="496 - 508" refId="ref6446" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Gosavi, S., Vachhrajani, K. D., Mitra, S., Ravinesh, R. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2020) On the identities of Nepinnotheres vicajii (Chhapgar, 1957) and Arcotheres casta (Antony and Kuttyamma, 1971) from western India: conspecificity and taxonomy (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa, 4809 (3), 496 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4809.3.4" type="journal article" year="2020">
Trivedi 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DA1E0414FD68997D" box="[621,678,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DA8E0417FC1D997D" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[765,979,1613,1639]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DA8E0417FC1D997D" box="[765,979,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Arcotheres exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide distribution in the Indo-West Pacific, occurring from the western Indian Ocean to southern 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF830D49DB3D042BFC5A9991" box="[846,916,1649,1675]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">China</collectingCountry>
, while 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB960428FBFC9991" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[997,1074,1650,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB960428FBFC9991" box="[997,1074,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known thus far only from the 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF830D49D8E404CFFEDB99B5" box="[151,277,1685,1711]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF830D49D9BF04CFFDFD99B5" box="[460,563,1685,1711]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DA3104CFFCE799B5" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[578,809,1685,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Females of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DBB204CCFBE299B5" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[961,1068,1685,1712]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DBB204CCFBE299B5" box="[961,1068,1685,1712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D8C504E0FEE599C9" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[182,299,1722,1748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D8C504E0FEE599C9" box="[182,299,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D91104E0FE6099C9" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[354,430,1722,1748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D91104E0FE6099C9" box="[354,430,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the P4 dactylus being slightly shorter than that of P5 (vs slightly or much longer in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DDF704E0FF2399ED" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DDF704E0FF2399ED" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D9510484FEA399ED" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[290,365,1758,1784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D9510484FEA399ED" box="[290,365,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The carapace of female 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DAFE0484FCCF99ED" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[653,769,1758,1784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DAFE0484FCCF99ED" box="[653,769,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB460484FC4F99ED" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[821,897,1758,1784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB460484FC4F99ED" box="[821,897,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DBB50484FB6B99ED" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[966,1189,1757,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 37A, C, 39A, D, 46A, 47A, C) is generally wider than that of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DAF60558FD209801" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[645,750,1793,1820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DAF60558FD209801" box="[645,750,1793,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF830D49DA8F055BFCB89806" box="[764,886,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-84@2.[151,1435,309,1878]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936). A–C, holotype female (13.6 × 11.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.9), Muscat; D–F, G, I, A–D, F, female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran; H, female (10.1 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.162), Iran. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, ventral view of cephalothorax; G, right third maxilliped; H, right chela; I, right P5 (ventral view). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592787/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
); but as 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49DBA10558FB159806" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[978,1243,1793,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong (2022: 5)</bibRefCitation>
argued, carapace shape is not always reliable, and there are some specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB2F057CFC1C9825" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[860,978,1830,1856]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB2F057CFC1C9825" box="[860,978,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that also have a more rounded carapace (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D8AB0510FE729879" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[216,444,1865,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 38A, B). The carapace of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DB6F0510FC499879" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[796,903,1865,1892]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DB6F0510FC499879" box="[796,903,1865,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also more inflated and firmer than that of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DDF70510FF23989D" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DDF70510FF23989D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49D9560534FEBD989D" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[293,371,1902,1928]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49D9560534FEBD989D" box="[293,371,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are flatter and more membranous; unfortunately, these aspects are difficult to quantify and best observed by direct comparison of specimens of each species. The inner margin of the ischiomerus of the MXP3 at the widest point is always rounded in all the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DBD005ECFBC198D5" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[931,1039,1973,2000]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DBD005ECFBC198D5" box="[931,1039,1973,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF830D49DCE705EFFB3798D5" box="[1172,1273,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1561]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[174,1414,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), female (11.2 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0831), Iran.A, right MXP3 (denuded); B–E, right P2–P5, respectively; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–I = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592789/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF830D49DD7505EFFAE798D5" box="[1286,1321,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">4A</figureCitation>
) but in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF830D49DDF705ECFF2398E9" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF830D49DDF705ECFF2398E9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is usually angular (
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF830D49D9940583FD0598E9" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[487,715,2009,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 41B, 42A, 45A) but this character is unreliable as in some specimens, it is also rounded (
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48D99C02CDFD1B9FAB" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[495,725,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 41Q, 42L). In 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DBCC02CDFBC29FAA" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[959,1036,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DBCC02CDFBC29FAA" box="[959,1036,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the angle of the inner angle of the ischiomerus is rounded (
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48D9DF02E1FD5C9FCF" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[428,658,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 49B, 52A); but it can easily be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DC9802E1FA989FCF" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1259,1366,187,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DC9802E1FA989FCF" box="[1259,1366,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its proportionately shorter P5 dactylus (
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DA460285FCD59FE3" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[565,795,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 48D, E, 49I, M). The most unambiguous character that separates the species is actually the form of the G1. Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DBC70359FBE49E06" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[948,1066,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DBC70359FBE49E06" box="[948,1066,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DC110359FB619E06" authorityName="Ahyong &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[1122,1199,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayi">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DC110359FB619E06" box="[1122,1199,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. rayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the G1 of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DD410359FA539E07" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1330,1437,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DD410359FA539E07" box="[1330,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively less curved with the distal part gently tapering and without a subdistal projection; 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF820D48DCCB037DFAFC9E5B" box="[1208,1330,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[151,1435,237,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, pleon; F, left chela; G, left P5 (ventral view); H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592791/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Figs. 3H, I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E2F32A7DFF820D48DD4D037DFABD9E5B" box="[1342,1395,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1351]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,190,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,181,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arcotheres tivelae (Gordon, 1936), male (5.7 × 5.6 mm) (ZRC 2011.0155), Iran.A, left MXP3 (denuded); B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F, right G1 (ventral view); G, right G1 (dorsal view); H, distal part of right G1 (denuded, ventral view); I, distal part of right G1 (denuded, dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, F, G, J = 0.2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6592793/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">4F–I</figureCitation>
(vs distinctly C-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D9E10311FDC89E7E" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[402,518,331,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D9E10311FDC89E7E" box="[402,518,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a dorsal subdistal projection and the tip is rounded; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DCF20311FAAF9E7F" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[1153,1377,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 44K, L, 45H, I, 52N, O). 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D9CA0335FD4A9E93" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[441,644,367,393]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D9CA0335FD4A9E93" box="[441,644,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also superficially similar to another congener also found in venerid bivalves, 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D97603C9FDDA9EB7" authority="(Dana, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[261,532,402,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D97603C9FEBC9EB7" box="[261,370,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. obesus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48D9F703C9FDC39EB7" author="Dana, J. D." box="[388,525,402,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" refId="ref5076" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) Crustacea. Part I. United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Volume 13. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 685 pp." type="book" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which is known only from 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DB2E03C9FC1B9EB7" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[861,981,403,429]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Gafrarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DB2E03C9FC1B9EB7" box="[861,981,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Gafrarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF820D48DC6D03C9FB8B9EB7" box="[1054,1093,403,429]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Fiji</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF820D48DCF303C9FB299EB7" box="[1152,1255,403,429]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DC8403C9FF1A9ECB" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The carapace of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D9EC03EDFDC49ECB" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[415,522,439,465]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D9EC03EDFDC49ECB" box="[415,522,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. obesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, is soft and poorly chitinised, the dactylus of MXP3 is relatively longer, reaching the tip of the propodus, and P2–P5 are proportionately much longer; and in addition, the G1 has a low dorsal subdistal subtruncate angle before the sharp tip (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DB5703A5FC3C9D03" author="Komai, T. &amp; Kawai, K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[804,1010,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="221 - 247" refId="ref5673" refString="Komai, T., Kawai, K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2020) On the identity of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnothera obesa Dana, 1852, and description of a new species of Arcotheres Manning, 1993, from the Southwest Pacific (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa, 4822 (2), 221 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.2.5" type="journal article" year="2020">
Komai 
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DB0403A5FC619D03" box="[887,943,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 2A–C, 3E–H, 4F, H, J, L, N; 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DD0903A5FE9E9D27" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="134 - 248" refId="ref5961" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2022) The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 134 - 248." type="journal article" year="2022">Ng &amp; Ahyong 2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 55A, B, 56B–I, K, L).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D26573FF820D48D8B4001DFACD9C0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7A7736F8FF820D48D8B4001DFACD9C0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D8B4001DFEC89D7B" bold="true" box="[199,262,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D97E001DFE169D7B" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[269,472,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D97E001DFE169D7B" box="[269,472,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Arcotheres tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from the venerid clam 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DBF2001DFB8C9D7B" box="[897,1090,583,609]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Tivela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DBF2001DFB8C9D7B" box="[897,1090,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Tivela ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Koch, in Philippi, 1844); currently 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48D8920031FD819D9F" authority="(Nardini, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Nardini" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[225,591,619,645]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Tivela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stefaninii">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48D8920031FE5B9D9F" box="[225,405,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Tivela stefaninii</emphasis>
(Nardini, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
. Recent specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF820D48DB1F0031FC579D9F" box="[876,921,619,645]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Iran</collectingCountry>
are all from the venerid clam 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DC870031FE599DB3" authority="(Lamarck, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Callista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonella">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DC870031FF019DB3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Callista umbonella</emphasis>
(Lamarck, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48D9D000D5FCE19DB3" author="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A." box="[419,815,654,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="655 - 661" refId="ref6113" refString="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A. (2010) Incidence and biology of Arcotheres tivelae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia: Veneridae) on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, 655 - 661. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409991196" type="journal article" year="2010">Saeedi &amp; Ardalan (2010: 657–658)</bibRefCitation>
studied the ecology of 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DC4A00D5FB6A9DB3" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1081,1188,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Arcotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tivelae">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DC4A00D5FB6A9DB3" box="[1081,1188,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. tivelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and observed that the infestation rate was at about 9% for the 
<taxonomicName id="BDC84D7BFF820D48DA1200E9FD749DD7" authorityName="Poli" authorityYear="1791" box="[609,698,691,717]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Callista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BCEAEAFF820D48DA1200E9FD749DD7" box="[609,698,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Callista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens examined, and of the 
<specimenCount id="6CCEFD71FF820D48DC4B00E9FB1F9DD7" box="[1080,1233,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" type="generic">89 specimens</specimenCount>
found, 10% were males. The authors also suggested that the crab had negative growth impacts on the clam (
<bibRefCitation id="1E594B09FF820D48DCFF008DFF0B9C0F" author="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="655 - 661" refId="ref6113" refString="Saeedi, H. &amp; Ardalan, A. A. (2010) Incidence and biology of Arcotheres tivelae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia: Veneridae) on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, 655 - 661. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409991196" type="journal article" year="2010">Saeedi &amp; Ardalan 2010: 659</bibRefCitation>
). The bivalve is mostly found in the muddy–sand flats along the Persian Gulf and Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="02DF7668FF820D48DCC400A1FB319C0F" box="[1207,1279,763,789]" name="Oman" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Oman</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>