297 lines
36 KiB
XML
297 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>- A-review-of-Platynaspini- (Coleoptera: - Coccinellidae) - of-the-Indian-subcontinent including-description-of-a-new-genus-from-north-eastern-India-and-Bangladesh</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Poorani, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5256.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[151,560,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,560,1842,1869]" box="[151,560,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,560,1842,1869]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,560,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6RX4" ID-ENA="115358" baseAuthorityName="Korschefsky" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[238,377,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,377,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Platynaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Redtenbacher
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1911,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<treatmentCitation author="Redtenbacher, L." box="[151,510,1911,1935]" page="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1843">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6RX4" authority="Redtenbacher, 1843: 6" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,510,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,269,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Platynaspis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Redtenbacher, L." box="[277,510,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refId="ref12012" refString="Redtenbacher, L. (1843) Tentamen Dispositionis Generum et Specierum Coleopterorum Pseudotrimerorum Archiducatus Austriae. Dissertatio inauguralis. Caroli Ueberreuter, Vindobanae, 32 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77406" type="book" year="1843">Redtenbacher, 1843: 6</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[521,571,1912,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Fabricius, 1792" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" box="[666,1094,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisbipustulata">
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<emphasis box="[666,928,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Coccinella bisbipustulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[935,1094,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refId="ref10410" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1792) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis [sic], locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. I. [Pars I]. Hafniae. (Proft), xx + 330 pp." type="book" year="1792">Fabricius, 1792</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName authority="Goeze, 1777" authorityName="Goeze" authorityYear="1777" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteorubra">
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<emphasis box="[1132,1357,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Coccinella luteorubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Goeze, J. A. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refId="ref10580" refString="Goeze, J. A. E. (1777) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne 12. ausgabe des natursystems. Bey Weidmanns erben und reich, Leipzig, xiv + 736 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974" type="book" year="1777">Goeze, 1777</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1911,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<treatmentCitation author="Gerstaecker, A." box="[151,544,1972,1997]" page="348" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1871">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gerstaecker, 1871: 348" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,544,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Microrhymbus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,299,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Microrhymbus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gerstaecker, A." box="[306,544,1972,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="345 - 363" refId="ref10465" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1871) Beitrag zur insektenfauna von Zanzibar. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 37 (1), 345 - 363." type="journal article" year="1871">Gerstaecker, 1871: 348</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus box="[554,604,1973,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Klug, 1833" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1833" box="[698,1039,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesomela">
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<emphasis box="[698,915,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Coccinella mesomela</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Klug, J. C. F." box="[922,1039,1972,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="91 - 223" refId="ref11146" refString="Klug, J. C. F. (1833) Bericht uber eine auf Madagascar veranstaltete Sammlung von Insecten aus der Ordnung Coleoptera. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1832, 91 - 223." type="journal article" year="1833">Klug, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation. Synonymized by
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<treatmentCitation author="Weise, J." box="[230,403,2003,2027]" page="413" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation author="Weise, J." box="[230,403,2003,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="413 - 414" refId="ref12743" refString="Weise, J. (1892) Synonymische Bemerkungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36 (2), 413 - 414." type="journal article" year="1892">Weise 1892: 413</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" startId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" targetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">FIGURE1.</emphasis>
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Diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName box="[538,709,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[538,656,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Platynaspis</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,151,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<treatmentCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[151,524,151,175]" page="161" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1961">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Miyatake, 1961: 161" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,524,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspidius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,302,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspidius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[309,524,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="67 - 86" refId="ref11590" refString="Miyatake, M. (1961) The East-Asian Coccinellid beetles preserved in the California Academy of Science, tribe Platynaspini. Memoirs of the Ehime University, Series 6, 6, 67 - 86." type="journal article" year="1961">Miyatake, 1961: 161</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus box="[534,584,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Weise, 1910" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1910" box="[679,1037,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
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<emphasis box="[679,902,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspis maculosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Weise, J." box="[909,1037,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="25 - 53" refId="ref12819" refString="Weise, J. (1910) Chrysomeliden und Coccinelliden. Brunn Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines, 48 (1909), 25 - 53." type="journal article" year="1910">Weise, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation. Synonymized by
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[231,606,181,208]" page="496" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[231,606,181,208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref12432" refString="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W. (2002) The genus Crypticolus Strohecker - redescription and transfer from Endomychidae to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici, 52 (4), 493 - 497." type="journal article" year="2002">Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2002: 496</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,151,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[151,532,212,236]" page="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1961">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Miyatake, 1961: 167" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,532,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phymatosternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,314,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Phymatosternus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[320,532,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="67 - 86" refId="ref11590" refString="Miyatake, M. (1961) The East-Asian Coccinellid beetles preserved in the California Academy of Science, tribe Platynaspini. Memoirs of the Ehime University, Series 6, 6, 67 - 86." type="journal article" year="1961">Miyatake, 1961: 167</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus box="[541,591,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Crotch, 1874" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[682,1012,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisii">
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||
<emphasis box="[682,872,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspis lewisii</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Crotch, G. R." box="[878,1012,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" refId="ref10275" refString="Crotch, G. R. (1874) A revision of the coleopterous family Coccinellidae, E. W. Janson, London, 311 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8975" type="book" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[199,574,243,269]" page="496" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[199,574,243,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref12432" refString="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W. (2002) The genus Crypticolus Strohecker - redescription and transfer from Endomychidae to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici, 52 (4), 493 - 497." type="journal article" year="2002">Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2002: 496</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,151,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Hoang, D. N." box="[151,476,273,297]" page="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1983">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hoang, 1983: 8" authorityName="Hoang" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,476,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Paraplatynaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,317,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Paraplatynaspis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoang, D. N." box="[321,476,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" refId="ref10781" refString="Hoang, D. N. (1983) Coccinellidae of Vietnam (Insecta, Coleoptera). Part 2. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, Hanoi, 159 pp. [in Vietnamese with English summary]" type="book" year="1983">Hoàng, 1983: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[483,533,274,298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hoang, 1983" authorityName="Hoang" authorityYear="1983" box="[621,1050,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Paraplatynaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[621,915,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Paraplatynaspis bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoang, D. N." box="[919,1050,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" refId="ref10781" refString="Hoang, D. N. (1983) Coccinellidae of Vietnam (Insecta, Coleoptera). Part 2. Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat, Hanoi, 159 pp. [in Vietnamese with English summary]" type="book" year="1983">Hoàng, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[231,606,304,330]" page="496" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W." box="[231,606,304,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref12432" refString="Slipinski, A. & Tomaszewska, W. (2002) The genus Crypticolus Strohecker - redescription and transfer from Endomychidae to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici, 52 (4), 493 - 497." type="journal article" year="2002">Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2002: 496</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,374,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Form broadly rounded or oblong to broad oval, dorsum convex and densely pubescent, often with a mixture of light and dark hairs, occasionally distinctly setose with dark brown to black, suberect to erect discal and marginal setae. Head (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[458,538,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
) short and strongly transverse, compound eyes with short, erect hairs; clypeal margin laterally expanded over eyes. Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[698,781,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
) short, with 9-11 antennomeres, insertions hidden under the expanded clypeal margin.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[503,598,519,545]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Mentum</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[617,699,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
) usually cordate with a moderately deep median emargination, labial palpi three-segmented, second broadly triangular, terminal palpomere elongate cylindrical, apically narrowed. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[254,334,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
) with terminal maxillary palpomere securiform, apically divergent, obliquely truncate; cardo well developed, often laterally greatly expanded. Prosternal process T-shaped, with a pair of carinae. Legs with femora broad and flattened, retracted into foveae on underside at rest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[862,968,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1h, i</figureCitation>
|
||
); middle and hind tibiae also often broad and externally angulate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[430,505,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal formula 4-4-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[777,882,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1h, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1030,1108,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
) having six visible ventrites, abdominal postcoxal line variable, apically merged with the posterior margin of ventrite 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1167,1245,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
) or recurved and incomplete (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[291,368,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
|
||
), or incomplete with an oblique associate lateral line (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[973,1055,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1025,1055,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytral epipleura narrow, deeply foveolate on level with mid and hind legs to receive femoral apices. Coxites elongate or transverse with a long handle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[241,316,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1j</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatheca often with small flap-like appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[927,1029,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[230,1373,202,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[199,1389,179,1917]" captionText="FIGURE1. Diagnostic characters of Platynaspis spp.: a. head; b. antenna; c. labium; d. maxilla; e. abdomen; f, g. abdominal postcoxal line, variations; h. fore leg; i. hind leg; j. female genitalia; k, l. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7763726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1k, l</figureCitation>
|
||
) or regular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,374,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,353,878,904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304"> Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In South Asia,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1843" box="[520,651,878,904]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,651,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed mainly in the northern and north-eastern regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1372,1432,878,904]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,221,914,940]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[233,317,914,940]" name="Bhutan" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[329,460,914,940]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[515,610,914,940]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poorani, J." box="[626,789,914,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref11782" refString="Poorani, J. (2002) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kovar, I." box="[801,947,914,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="568 - 631" refId="ref11211" refString="Kovar, I. (2007) New nomenclatorial and taxonomic acts and comments. Coccinellidae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 71 - 73 + 568 - 631." type="book chapter" year="2007">Kovář, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[997,1057,914,940]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, about a dozen species have been recorded mainly from the north-western and north-eastern regions, and only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gorham 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Gorham" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavoguttata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1163,1327,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">P. flavoguttata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorham, H. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="200 - 208" refId="ref10630" refString="Gorham, H. S. (1894) On the Coccinellidae from India in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes of the Indian Forestry Service. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 38, 200 - 208." type="journal article" year="1894">Gorham 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is known from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[504,565,986,1012]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,374,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,414,1022,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Immaturestages.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[575,713,1022,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynaspini">Platynaspini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are broadly ovate and dorsoventrally flattened and very similar in external appearance to the members of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[614,765,1058,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a tribe with almost entirely aphidophagous habits. Pupation in small groups is often seen in Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[619,809,1094,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,750,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspis</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also common in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1131,1279,1094,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unpublished observation). The morphology of the larvae and pupae in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[783,921,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynaspini">Platynaspini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably an adaptation for myrmecophilous or myrmecophagous habits, well documented in species like
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Goeze)" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[845,1192,1166,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteoruba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[845,1093,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Platynaspis luteoruba</emphasis>
|
||
(Goeze)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[1249,1436,1166,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1249,1351,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">P. lewisii</emphasis>
|
||
Crotch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ceryngier, P. & Roy, H. E. & Poland, R. L." box="[159,402,1202,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="375 - 443" refId="ref9888" refString="Ceryngier, P., Roy, H. E. & Poland, R. L. (2012) Natural enemies of ladybird beetles. In: Hodek, I., van Emden, H. F. & Honek, A. (Eds.), Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae). Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp. 375 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 9781118223208. ch 8" type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Ceryngier
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,336,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaneko, S." box="[413,568,1202,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="181 - 187" refId="ref10948" refString="Kaneko, S. (2007) Larvae of two ladybirds, Phymatosternus lewisii and Scymnus posticalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), exploiting colonies of the brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) attended by the ant Pristomyrmex pungens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 42, 181 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 2007.181" type="journal article" year="2007">Kaneko 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,374,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,381,1238,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304"> Biology/hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
Indian species for which host data is available appear to be principally aphidophagous (label data; personal observations) except
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gorham" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[552,715,1274,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Platynaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavoguttata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,715,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">P. flavoguttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is associated with ants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorham, H. S." box="[1062,1228,1274,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="200 - 208" refId="ref10630" refString="Gorham, H. S. (1894) On the Coccinellidae from India in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes of the Indian Forestry Service. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 38, 200 - 208." type="journal article" year="1894">Gorham, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; label data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |