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<document id="C096D78C3B7C13E0C6E693BB9F021EB6" ID-CLB-Dataset="25937" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c4ff371-ec38-493c-83b1-6edddccf9f52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3375820" ID-ZooBank="9AA35B64-5307-4438-9C5C-BD01ACA4FFFB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566575090173" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rashidifard, Milad, Fourie, Hendrika, Daneel, Mieke Stefanie &amp; Marais, Mariette" docDate="2019" docId="03B67B7EFFECC62FFF35FE09FDA7FB07" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.2.3..pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Meloidogyne javanica Chitwood 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="268" masterDocId="FF8F0306FFFDC63EFFA2FF9DFFDEFFEC" masterDocTitle="Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="268" updateTime="1698752183469" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="320C38DD3F4D2EA6FAE326AC153EE6ED">Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B38FEC3F5A36BAF20D8B354AE6D87055">Rashidifard, Milad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3BC87677B1C7B0EA83F61253E14CA79">Fourie, Hendrika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="228654959348478219D315C446A2CB9B">Daneel, Mieke Stefanie</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B67B7EFFECC62FFF35FE09FDA7FB07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584480" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159244003" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B67B7EFFECC62FFF35FE09FDA7FB07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B67B7EFFECC62FFF35FE09FDA7FB07" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<subSubSection id="C30599E3FFECC62FFF35FE09FD26FE43" box="[151,760,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF35FE09FD26FE43" blockId="17.[151,760,404,467]" box="[151,760,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<heading id="D0E87D04FFECC62FFF35FE09FD26FE43" bold="true" box="[151,760,404,431]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FB1EBFFECC62FFF35FE09FD26FE43" authority="(Treub 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" baseAuthorityName="Treub" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,760,404,431]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF35FE09FD26FE43" bold="true" box="[151,760,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF35FE09FE48FE43" bold="true" box="[151,406,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EB799FFECC62FFE06FE09FDF0FE43" author="Treub, M." box="[420,558,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref17799" refString="Treub, M. (1885) Onderzoekingen over Sereh-Ziek Suikkeriet gedaan in Lands Plantentium te Buitenzorg. Mededeelingen uit's Lands Plantentium, Batavia, 2, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1885">Treub 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EB799FFECC62FFD9FFE09FD26FE43" author="Chitwood, B. G." box="[573,760,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" pagination="90 - 104" refId="ref16134" refString="Chitwood, B. G. (1949) Root-knot nematodes, part I. A revision of the genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 16 (2), 90 - 104." type="journal article" year="1949">Chitwood, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30599E3FFECC62FFF35FE24FE90FE3F" box="[151,334,440,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF35FE24FE90FE3F" blockId="17.[151,760,404,467]" box="[151,334,440,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<figureCitation id="1324D6EDFFECC62FFF35FE24FEDEFE3F" box="[151,256,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in the perineal-pattern morphology within and among different mature females of Meloidogyne spp. populations sampled in agri- and horticultural production areas during 2015 and 2016. AD: Meloidogyne enterolobii; EH: Meloidogyne javanica; IL: Meloidogyne incognita; M: Meloidogyne hapla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375824/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Figures 3</figureCitation>
to 5, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30599E3FFECC62FFF35FD9CFDA7FB07" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF35FD9CFDF2FDF7" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" box="[151,556,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF35FD9CFE8EFDF7" bold="true" box="[151,336,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Measurements:</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C69DFFD3FFECC62FFEF5FD9CFE6AFDF7" box="[343,436,513,539]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[166,1362,1325,1936]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometrical (in µm) data (means, standard deviations and ranges) of anterior end of Meloidogyne spp." pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Tables 3</tableCitation>
to 4, 8, 10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF65FDB8FD77FCFB" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF65FDB8FCB7FDD3" bold="true" box="[199,873,548,575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Female (n=153 perineal-patterns; n=10 intact females).</emphasis>
Body pear-shaped. Stylet
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFB3CFDB8FACBFDD3" box="[1182,1301,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">1721 µm</quantity>
long, basal knobs ovoid and sloping backward. Dorsal gland opening
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFCBDFDD4FCA8FD8F" box="[799,886,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 µm</quantity>
posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFA88FDD4FA42FD8F" box="[1322,1436,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="76.5" valueMax="87.0" valueMin="66.0">6687 µm</quantity>
from anterior end, round, muscular with oval valve. Oesophagus lumen lining expanded immediately in front of oval median bulb lumen lining in some specimens. Neck
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFCB3FD0DFC41FD47" box="[785,927,656,683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.655" metricValueMax="1.96" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="165.5" valueMax="196.0" valueMin="135.0">135196 µm</quantity>
long. Perineal-pattern rounded to oval, dorsal arch low, apex square to broadly rounded, inner striae above tail terminus low to high. Lateral lines distinct, marked by two lateral lines. Phasmids small
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFD90FD44FD57FD1F" box="[562,649,729,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 µm</quantity>
in diameter, interphasmidial distance variable (
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFB3FFD44FACBFD1F" box="[1181,1301,729,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="20.0">2041 µm</quantity>
). Vulval slit
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFF35FD60FED4FCFB" box="[151,266,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="19.0">1932 µm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFEDBFD61FE32FCFB" box="[377,492,764,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="12.0">1225 µm</quantity>
anterior to anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF65FCBCFAA1FC27" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF65FCBCFE83FCD7" bold="true" box="[199,349,800,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Male (n= 5).</emphasis>
Body vermiform,
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFD91FCBDFD01FCD7" box="[563,735,800,827]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.455" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1242.5" valueMax="1455.0" valueMin="1030.0">
<date id="FFA1ECA8FFECC62FFD91FCBDFD6FFCD7" box="[563,689,800,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" value="1030" valueMax="1455">10301455</date>
µm
</quantity>
long with rounded anteriorly and tapered posteriorly. Cuticle annulated. Head region round, continues and not off set. Stylet
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFCF6FCD8FC19FCB3" box="[852,967,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">2123 µm</quantity>
long, straight, cone with pointed tip, shaft cylindrical. Knobs robust and transversely ovoid. Dorsal gland opening
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFC65FCF5FBC1FC6F" box="[967,1055,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 µm</quantity>
posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb elongated. Excretory pore
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFE5BFC10FD59FC4B" box="[505,647,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="145.5" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="112.0">112179 µm</quantity>
from the anterior end. Tail
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFC19FC11FBF0FC4B" box="[955,1070,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">1215 µm</quantity>
long and tapered, not annulated. Spicule
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFF50FC2DFEBBFC27" box="[242,357,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">2530 µm</quantity>
long, ventrally curved, gubernaculum short (
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFCFDFC2CFC65FC27" box="[863,955,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">78 µm</quantity>
). Phasmids pore-like opposite to cloaca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF65FC49FDFCFC03" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" box="[199,546,980,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF65FC49FDFCFC03" bold="true" box="[199,546,980,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Second stage juvenile (n= 81)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF65FC64FE80FB93" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
Body shape vermiform, narrow, mostly curved ventrally and
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFC28FC65FBC5FBFF" box="[906,1051,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.915" metricValueMax="4.45" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="391.5" valueMax="445.0" valueMin="338.0">338445 µm</quantity>
long. Head round and continues. Stylet
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFF43FB80FE8BFBDB" box="[225,341,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">1216 µm</quantity>
long. Dorsal gland opening
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFD38FB80FD2CFBDB" box="[666,754,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 µm</quantity>
posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb ovoid, enlarged with oval valve. Excretory pore
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFE67FBDCFDE9FBB7" box="[453,567,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="80.0" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="69.0">6991 µm</quantity>
from anterior end. Tail narrow,
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFC3BFBDCFBD5FBB7" box="[921,1035,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="36.0">3669 µm</quantity>
long, conical elongated and tapered with roundish tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0CA68FFECC62FFF65FB14FDA7FB07" blockId="17.[151,1437,513,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFF65FB14FEE5FB4F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1161,1187]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">Remarks.</emphasis>
The characteristics of this species compared well with the other South African
<taxonomicName id="4C1FB1EBFFECC62FFB1BFB17FAE1FB4F" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" baseAuthorityName="Treub" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1209,1343,1162,1187]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFB1BFB17FAE1FB4F" box="[1209,1343,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">M. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EB799FFECC62FFEC9FB30FDEAFB2B" author="Kleynhans, K. P. N." box="[363,564,1197,1223]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" refId="ref17069" refString="Kleynhans, K. P. N. (1991) The Root-Knot Nematodes of South Africa. Technical Communication No 231. Department of Agricultural Development, Pretoria, 61 pp." type="book" year="1991">Kleynhans (1991)</bibRefCitation>
but differed in female stylet length, (
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFC7AFB30FB93FB2B" box="[984,1101,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">1721 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFBF6FB33FBB5FB2B" box="[1108,1131,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFBD1FB30FB39FB2B" box="[1139,1255,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">1618 µm</quantity>
) and male body length (
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFF4EFB4DFE47FB07" box="[236,409,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.455" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1242.5" valueMax="1455.0" valueMin="1030.0">
<date id="FFA1ECA8FFECC62FFF4EFB4DFEB2FB07" box="[236,364,1232,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" value="1030" valueMax="1455">10301455</date>
µm
</quantity>
<emphasis id="B96B167AFFECC62FFE3DFB4FFE68FB07" box="[415,438,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="268">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE7678DFFECC62FFE1CFB4DFDB3FB07" box="[446,621,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3515" metricValueMax="1.668" metricValueMin="1.035" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1351.5" valueMax="1668.0" valueMin="1035.0">
<date id="FFA1ECA8FFECC62FFE1CFB4DFDE2FB07" box="[446,572,1232,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="268" value="1035" valueMax="1668">10351668</date>
µm
</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
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