153 lines
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153 lines
16 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353130" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7353130" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534074823" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson" docDate="1993" docId="03EF8108FF94FFA5CB90AE5E33A2F994" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Sciuridae.419-465.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Sciuridae Hemprich 1820" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FFD6F970FF94FFA5CB40AC773518FF86" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae" masterLastPageNumber="465" masterPageNumber="419" pageNumber="419" updateTime="1669257188589" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robert S. Hoffmann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Charles G. Anderson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>419</mods:start>
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<mods:end>465</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353130</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7353130</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7287150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7287150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF8108FF94FFA5CB90AE5E33A2F994" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF8108FF94FFA5CB90AE5E33A2F994" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
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<subSubSection box="[208,1303,553,594]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[208,1866,553,1554]" box="[208,1303,553,594]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">
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Family
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<treatmentCitation author="Hemprich" authority="Hemprich, 1820" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1820" box="[340,1295,553,594]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="32" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" title="Sciuridae" volumeTitle="Grundriss Naturgesch." year="1820">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hemprich, 1820" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1820" box="[340,788,553,594]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sciuridae Hemprich, 1820</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Hemprich" box="[805,1295,553,594]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" pagination="32" title="Sciuridae" volumeTitle="Grundriss Naturgesch." year="1820">Grundriss Naturgesch., p. 32</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[208,1866,553,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">
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COMMENTS:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, J. R." box="[480,752,595,634]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref92817" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1940. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 1. Rodents other than Muridae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 689 pp." year="1940">Ellerman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed the history of sciurid classification. The first modern classification (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[629,851,638,676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref289762" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1923. The classification of Sciuridae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1923 (1): 209 - 246." year="1923">Pocock, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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) recognized six subfamilies:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1820" box="[1360,1524,638,676]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciurinae">Sciurinae</taxonomicName>
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, Tamiasciurinae, Funambulinae, Callosciurinae,
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<taxonomicName box="[918,1054,680,718]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xerinae">Xerinae</taxonomicName>
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, and Marmotinae.
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<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1381,1646,680,718]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized the same taxa, but all at the tribal level.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, J. R." box="[1077,1349,721,759]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref92817" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1940. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 1. Rodents other than Muridae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 689 pp." year="1940">Ellerman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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avoided formal designation, but recognized seven "sections" in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1054,1180,763,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sciurus</taxonomicName>
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"group, " which often do not conform with the above.
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<bibRefCitation author="Moore, J. C." box="[655,882,806,843]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref246108" refString="Moore, J. C. 1959. Relationships among the living squirrels of the Sciurinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 118 (4): 157 - 206." year="1959">Moore (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized Simpson's six tribes and, in addition,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[376,515,847,885]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ratufini">Ratufini</taxonomicName>
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and Paraxerini for certain genera that had previously been included in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[376,595,889,927]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Funambulini">Funambulini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Black, C. C." box="[619,828,889,927]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref33045" refString="Black, C. C. 1963. A review of the North American Tertiary Sciuridae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 130: 109 - 248." year="1963">Black (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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elevated Tamiini to tribal level (previously in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1643,1832,889,927]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Marmotini">Marmotini</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Gromov, I. M. & D. I. Bibikov & N. I. Kalabukhov & M. N. N. Meier" box="[374,729,931,969]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref130487" refString="Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)." year="1965">Gromov et al. (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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elevated the ground squirrels to subfamily rank, Marmotinae, which included the tribes Tamiini Black,
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<taxonomicName box="[1087,1393,972,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Otospermophilini">Otospermophilini</taxonomicName>
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Gromov, Citellini Gromov,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[375,557,1014,1052]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Marmotini">Marmotini</taxonomicName>
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Simpson (part), and
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<taxonomicName box="[927,1116,1014,1052]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynomyini">Cynomyini</taxonomicName>
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Gromov. He also recognized the subfamilies
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<taxonomicName box="[586,716,1056,1094]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xerinae">Xerinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1820" box="[805,969,1056,1094]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciurinae">Sciurinae</taxonomicName>
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, but did not treat any other groups.
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<bibRefCitation author="Emry, R. J. & R. W. Thorington, Jr." pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref94914" refString="Emry, R. J., and R. W. Thorington, Jr. 1984. The tree squirrel Sciurus (Sciuridae, Rodentia) as a living fossil. Pp. 23 - 31, in Living fossils (N. Eldredge and S. M. Stanley, eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, 291 pp." year="1984">Emry and Thorington (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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submerged
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[900,1135,1097,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Tamiasciurini">Tamiasciurini</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1194,1327,1097,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Sciurini">Sciurini</taxonomicName>
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and Tamiini in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1604,1791,1097,1135]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Marmotini">Marmotini</taxonomicName>
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. They also (1982) described the oldest known sciurid,
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<emphasis box="[1299,1513,1139,1178]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Black" authorityYear="1963" box="[1299,1508,1139,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Protosciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Protosciurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which they interpreted as an arboreal form similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1110,1229,1181,1220]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1110,1229,1181,1220]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">Sciurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from which both flying squirrels and ground squirrels have been derived. These authors treated flying squirrels as a monophyletic sister group to other squirrels, either as a family (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1491,1714,1265,1303]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref289762" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1923. The classification of Sciuridae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1923 (1): 209 - 246." year="1923">Pocock, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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) or subfamily (other authors). The monophyly of flying squirrels has been both supported (
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<bibRefCitation author="Thorington, R. W., Jr." box="[577,869,1348,1386]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref356039" refString="Thorington, R. W., Jr. 1984. Flying squirrels are monophyletic. Science, 225: 1048 - 1050." year="1984">Thorington, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) and challenged (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hight, M. E. & M. Goodman & W. Prychodko" box="[1186,1488,1348,1386]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref151238" refString="Hight, M. E., M. Goodman, and W. Prychodko. 1974. Immunological studies of the Sciuridae. Systematic Zoology, 23: 12 - 25." year="1974">Hight et al., 1974</bibRefCitation>
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). Heaney (1985) recommended that the subtribe
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<taxonomicName box="[928,1138,1389,1427]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Hyosciurina">Hyosciurina</taxonomicName>
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of
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<bibRefCitation author="Moore, J. C." box="[1197,1425,1389,1427]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref246108" refString="Moore, J. C. 1959. Relationships among the living squirrels of the Sciurinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 118 (4): 157 - 206." year="1959">Moore (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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be discarded because it lacks defining characters, and that the component genera
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<emphasis box="[1381,1820,1431,1470]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Archbold and Tate" authorityYear="1935" box="[1394,1581,1431,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Hyosciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyosciurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ellerman" authorityYear="1947" box="[1601,1813,1431,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Prosciurillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Prosciurillus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[374,577,1473,1511]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">Rubisciurus,</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[667,873,1473,1511]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1958" box="[667,859,1473,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Exilisciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Exilisciurus</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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be retained in tribe Callosciurini
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<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1462,1716,1473,1511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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. A catolog of Indian sciurids was presented by
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<bibRefCitation author="Agrawal, V. C. & S. Chakraborty" box="[1142,1712,1515,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="419" refId="ref2208" refString="Agrawal, V. C., and S. Chakraborty. 1979. Catalogue of mammals in the Zoological Survey of India. Part 1. Sciuridae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 74: 333 - 481." year="1979">Agrawal and Chakraborty (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |