321 lines
38 KiB
XML
321 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="4A4EC388ECAE4D43E26118B8B0E61138" ID-CLB-Dataset="4173" ID-DOI="10.11865/j.zs.20140406" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0c2bd3b-b59c-40cd-ba2f-d850d7c288b5" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617450" ID-ZooBank="053DEE6B-462D-483A-ABCB-7FF46C6BC8B1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616075265234" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Pujade-Villar, Juli, Wang, Yi-Ping, Chen, Xue-Xin & He, Jun-Hua" docDate="2014" docId="03DA5B61EF66742CFF4EFE9EFB7EFE56" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.39.4.534-544.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 39 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Synergus gifuensis Ashmead 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="540" masterDocId="FFE32319EF62742AFFC6FFE0FFAEFFE4" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of East Palearctic species of Synergus section I, with description of a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipinae)" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="534" pageNumber="538" updateTime="1698934225022" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="C17EF3982488B7303A801B41B344085D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D0954451D6F6105941515FEB410270A6">
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<mods:title id="BD8916A8B787BFA10D8C37B8879463AE">Taxonomic review of East Palearctic species of Synergus section I, with description of a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="504C480B6A59CBB3EF9CF02F58A5482C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8D4AA09BBFA37D5990A55D0BE8969276">
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<mods:roleTerm id="893B9715CCC70CD97597581F741F1BB1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BA9A99EEE94EEAB005479CFC9EEC1320">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC46BB6647662C4063B5B84BE28CC93D">Department of Animal Biology, Barcelona University, Barcelona 08028, Spain; E-mail: jpujade @ ub. edu</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1C23D48D78B86537CFDC1CF8521D189B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5FE61F8006BE6E4A49CDA23673A5FB3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9D0A832B2F91C3D27121FEFF66726042">Wang, Yi-Ping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="71ECF4B1972CEC5D7F1296304494F2B4">College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an 311300, China; E-mail: wyp @ zafu. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3DF83C6E9EE727CBB7C2B36EFD23B1EC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="342771E30555A6199C226483C2C161F0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4C75ECB95272760D9267BFEAC6DF281C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3C94ADC003FEF033116B533A8A943E1A">Chen, Xue-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BFA2442F61FD13B39935FD2A8BBCD5A">Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-mail: xxchen @ zju. edu. cn Corresponding author, E-mail: xxchen @ zju. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8E84BA142D9DC70CB132366FFA5C598A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="841FE428E1E8CD124CEAA05E24479BC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="76B50FA72330FC00C95463E69E026769">He, Jun-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D1D0445EDC2E6E897016ED65BE16F74">Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-mail: xxchen @ zju. edu. cn Corresponding author, E-mail: xxchen @ zju. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="17C036B618325CB4347F5D1E60D64DB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F8954DA3013234D4F6CD50CBC3459BE2">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A6C187F28447447BC2794342AC3F12E0">
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<mods:date id="A78691E14011CF49A8BD022B20BBA006">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="96A554B1DB54809789E74B098F21EE4A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="849E9B196D2EE2F3B4408C769346F287">39</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5D7D990CD26E40F36994D8F746A09441">534</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="129B442493B2879B40C02748264661D2" type="DOI">10.11865/j.zs.20140406</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA5B61EF66742CFF4EFE9EFB7EFE56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542136" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188535916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542136" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA5B61EF66742CFF4EFE9EFB7EFE56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA5B61EF66742CFF4EFE9EFB7EFE56" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
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<subSubSection id="C369B9FCEF66742EFF4EFE9EFD5FFE72" box="[136,753,382,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF4EFE9EFD5FFE72" blockId="4.[136,753,382,406]" box="[136,753,382,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
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<heading id="D0845D1BEF66742EFF4EFE9EFD5FFE72" box="[136,753,382,406]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFF4EFE9EFDA2FE72" authority="Ashmead, 1904" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[136,524,382,406]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFF4EFE9EFDA2FE72" bold="true" box="[136,524,382,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
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||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFF4EFE9EFEF6FE72" bold="true" box="[136,344,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Synergus gifuensis</emphasis>
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Ashmead, 1904
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFDE9FE9EFD47FE72" box="[559,745,382,406]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Figs 8–11, 16, 18</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369B9FCEF66742EFF7BFE56FED3FC31" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFE56FAC1FE14" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
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Type material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="3B1BE02AEF66742EFE15FE55FAC1FE14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359627303" collectionCode="USNM, USMN" collectorName="Y. Nawa" country="Japan" location="Gifu" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Gifu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54C854D5EF66742EFE15FE55FD98FE29" box="[467,566,437,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D7521FEEF66742EFDF9FE56FDFDFE29" box="[575,595,438,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED6272B2EF66742EFD29FE55FC91FE29" box="[751,831,437,461]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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, with following labels: “
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<collectorName id="26868FA1EF66742EFB8BFE55FB00FE29" box="[1101,1198,437,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Y. Nawa</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B72495EF66742EFB7DFE55FB42FE29" box="[1211,1260,437,461]" country="Japan" name="Gifu" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Gifu</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCountry id="F364AAE7EF66742EFB32FE56FA9AFE29" box="[1268,1332,438,461]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, det 1902” (white label handwritten), “Type no 7307
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<collectionCode id="ED6272B2EF66742EFD8EFE38FD39FE14" box="[584,663,472,496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">USMN</collectionCode>
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” (red label), “
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<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFCE9FE38FBE4FE14" authority="& Ash." authorityName="Ash." box="[815,1098,472,496]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
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<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFCE9FE38FC5BFE14" box="[815,1013,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Synergus gifuensis</emphasis>
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& Ash.
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</taxonomicName>
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” (white label handwritten).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFE1BFB8EFDBC" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
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||
Additional material.
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1BE02AEF66742EFE58FE1BFDB6FDD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359627304" collectingDate="1986-03-26" collectingDateMax="1986-05" collectingDateMin="1986-03-26" collectorName="Y. Abe" country="Japan" location="Chohabaru" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Oita">
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<specimenCount id="9D7521FEEF66742EFE58FE1BFE11FDF6" box="[414,447,507,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="9D7521FEEF66742EFE08FE1BFE5EFDF6" box="[462,496,507,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<location id="8EACBCACEF66742EFE38FE1BFDD8FDF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA5B61EF66742CFF4EFE9EFB7EFE56:8EACBCACEF66742EFE38FE1BFDD8FDF7" box="[510,630,507,531]" country="Japan" name="Chohabaru" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" stateProvince="Oita">Chohabaru</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B72495EF66742EFD44FE1BFD1DFDF7" box="[642,691,507,531]" country="Japan" name="Oita" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Oita</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F364AAE7EF66742EFD79FE1BFCAEFDF7" box="[703,768,507,531]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Japan</collectingCountry>
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), ex.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFCFDFE1BFB92FDF7" box="[827,1084,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kashiwaphilus">
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<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFCFDFE1BFB92FDF7" box="[827,1084,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Andricus kashiwaphilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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galls of the unisexual generation, (
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<date id="FFCDCCB7EF66742EFF49FDFDFEA5FDD1" box="[143,267,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1986-03-26">
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<collectingDate id="EF89355FEF66742EFF49FDFDFEA5FDD1" box="[143,267,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1986-03-26">26.03.1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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)
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<date id="FFCDCCB7EF66742EFEDDFDFEFE22FDD1" box="[283,396,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1986-05">
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<collectingDate id="EF89355FEF66742EFEDDFDFEFE22FDD1" box="[283,396,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1986-05">May 1986</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26868FA1EF66742EFE0FFDFEFDB6FDD1" box="[457,536,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Y. Abe</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="3B1BE02AEF66742EFDE3FDFDFEC4FDBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359627309" collectingDate="1948-06" collectionCode="USNM" country="Japan" location="Yamanashi" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" specimenCode="USNM 2017203" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yamanashi">
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<specimenCount id="9D7521FEEF66742EFDE3FDFDFDE8FDD1" box="[549,582,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B72495EF66742EFD93FDFDFD63FDD1" box="[597,717,541,565]" country="Japan" name="Yamanashi" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Yamanashi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364AAE7EF66742EFD1CFDFEFCB7FDD1" box="[730,793,542,565]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FFCDCCB7EF66742EFCE0FDFEFC36FDD1" box="[806,920,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1948-06">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF89355FEF66742EFCE0FDFEFC36FDD1" box="[806,920,541,565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1948-06">June 1948</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, letter “A”,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD5420CEF66742EFBD8FDFDFB7CFDD1" box="[1054,1234,541,565]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="Museum">USNM 2017203</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFB25FDFEFF7CFDBC" authority="Ashm." authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFB25FDFEFA02FDD1" box="[1251,1452,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Synergus gifuensis</emphasis>
|
||
Ashm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, det Weld-84)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1BE02AEF66742EFEB2FDA0FBB2FDBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359627312" box="[372,1052,576,600]" collectingDate="1949-06" collectionCode="USNM" country="Japan" location="Yamanashi" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" specimenCode="USNM 2017203" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yamanashi">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7521FEEF66742EFEB2FDA0FE3BFDBC" box="[372,405,576,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B72495EF66742EFE64FDA0FDB4FDBC" box="[418,538,576,600]" country="Japan" name="Yamanashi" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Yamanashi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364AAE7EF66742EFDE2FDA0FDCBFDBC" box="[548,613,576,600]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFCDCCB7EF66742EFDB1FDA1FD49FDBC" box="[631,743,576,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1949-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF89355FEF66742EFDB1FDA1FD49FDBC" box="[631,743,576,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" value="1949-06">June 1949</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, letter “A”,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD5420CEF66742EFCA1FDA0FBB2FDBC" box="[871,1052,576,600]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="Museum">USNM 2017203</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFD83FED3FC31" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Diagnosis. The species is very similar to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFD57FD83FC8CFD9F" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[657,802,611,635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayneanus">
|
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<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFD57FD83FC8CFD9F" box="[657,802,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. hayneanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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in morphology and color, but differs from the latter by a combination of the following features: (1) presence of transverse ridges between lateral carinae of propodeum (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFA5EFD66FF54FD24" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayneanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFA5EFD66FF54FD24" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. hayneanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) the pilosity of fused segments 2+3 with a patch of hairs, compared to a row of hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFB29FD48FAD3FD24" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1263,1405,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayneanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFB29FD48FAD3FD24" box="[1263,1405,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. hayneanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (3) extended band of micropunctures of metasomal syntergite incomplete, slightly short of reaching the ventral margin (complete in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFED0FD0EFE39FCE1" box="[278,407,749,773]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayeanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFED0FD0EFE39FCE1" box="[278,407,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. hayeanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) the lower face with a strong median carina raised above striae in lateral view; (5) the shape of F1 and the chromatic characteristics of head in males different (details in description below).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFB69FCF0FA81FCCC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[1199,1327,784,808]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFB69FCF0FA81FCCC" box="[1199,1327,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only West Palearctic species with a strong median carina raised above striae in lateral view on lower face, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFAE8FCD3FA02FCAF" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[1326,1452,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFAE8FCD3FA02FCAF" box="[1326,1452,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. gifuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFED3FCB6FE38FC89" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[277,406,853,877]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFED3FCB6FE38FC89" box="[277,406,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in: (1) extended band of micropunctures of metasomal syntergite incomplete, slightly short of reaching the ventral margin (complete in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFD83FC98FD6DFC74" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[581,707,888,912]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFD83FC98FD6DFC74" box="[581,707,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) pedicellum longer than broad (globose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFB05FC98FAEFFC74" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[1219,1345,888,912]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFB05FC98FAEFFC74" box="[1219,1345,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) face of males yellowish (black on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFE0DFC7BFDE5FC57" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[459,587,923,947]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFE0DFC7BFDE5FC57" box="[459,587,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) radial cell short, 2.3 times as long as wide (longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF66742EFB14FC7BFAFFFC57" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1873" box="[1234,1361,923,947]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reinhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFB14FC7BFAFFFC57" box="[1234,1361,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">S. reinhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.6-2.8 times as long as wide).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369B9FCEF66742EFF7BFC00FD96F899" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFC00FBA2FC1C" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" box="[189,1036,992,1016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Redescription. Length. Female
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B4792EF66742EFDCBFC00FD27FC1C" box="[525,649,992,1016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(one female 2.3), male 2.5–3.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFBE3FB3FFB67" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Color. Female. Head black, except a small dark-red area around the mouth and around the compound eyes, which sometimes cover the entire face; mandibles yellow with teeth dark; antennae testaceous; mesosoma black, legs dark; coxae black or dark brown; femora brown to dark brown, tibia and tarsus lighter; wings hyaline, veins clear; metasoma reddish brown to dark brown. Male. Head amberous except dorsal area black; coxae partially amberinus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFB6DFA93FA91" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFEC2FB6DFEC8FB41" box="[260,358,1165,1189]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). In frontal view 1.2 times as wide as high, and in dorsal view about twice as wide as long. Face with strong carinae radiating from clypeus and a stronger median carina distinctly elevated than other carinae in lateral view. Malar space 0.7 times the height of compound eye. Transfacial line almost as long as height of compound eye. Torulus diameter slightly greater than distance between margin of torulus and compound eye, and distance between toruli much smaller than diameter of torulus (2: 5). Frons densely punctate; lateral frontal carinae present with some ramifications near lateral ocellus. Vertex and occiput strongly punctate with interspaces coriaceous. POL: LOL: OOL= 6: 3: 3 (in males 8: 4: 3), diameter of ocellus
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B4792EF66742EFEB9FABDFE06FA91" box="[383,424,1373,1397]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
both sexes. Gena slightly expanded behind eye, punctate with interspaces coriaceous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFA60FD4AFA39" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Antenna. Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFE4DFA60FE70FA7C" box="[395,478,1408,1432]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellum about 2.0 times as long as wide; F1 cylindrical, sligthly broader distally; antennal formula 8: 5: 9: 7: 7: 7: 6: 6: 6: 5: 5: 4: 4: 6. Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFCDFFA43FCC4FA5F" box="[793,874,1443,1467]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). F1 curved and more expanded distally than basally; antennal formula 7: 5: 11: 9: 8: 8: 7: 7: 6: 6: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BFA08FC64F949" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Mesosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFE85FA08FE38F9E4" box="[323,406,1512,1536]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsquare in lateral view. Pronotum with lateral carina, laterally rugose, with some strongly carinae inferiorly. Mesoscutum strongly transversely carinate with interespaces coriaceous. Notauli wide, strongly impressed, percurrent; medial mesoscutum line reaching 1/2 to 3/5 of the length of the mesoscutum. Mesopleuron entirely striate. Scutellum rugose, interspaces coriaceous; scutellar foveae large and oblique, separated by a median carina, pubescent; lateral propodeal carinae straight, delimiting a squared pubescent and coriaceous area, with a median longitudinal carina and a few transverse carinae. Metanotum narrow medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BF958FEDCF917" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Forewings. Pubescents. Radial cell about 2.3 times as long as maximum width. Areolet present; vein Rs curved; vein Rs+M inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BF91EFD96F899" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1348F6F2EF66742EFEF8F91DFE20F8F1" box="[318,398,1789,1813]" captionStart="Figs 8–19" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[242,1345,238,1899]" captionText="Figs 8–19. Synergus gifuensis and S. japonicus. 8–11, 16, 18. S. gifuensis. 12–15, 17, 19. S. japonicus. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar in length to mesosoma. Fused segment 2+3 not incised dorso-distally, with a patch of setae antero-laterally; apical patch of micropunctures extending to 2/5 of its entire length of metasoma, slightly short of reaching the ventral margin of syntergite; subsequent tergites punctured; hypopygium shinning, without setae or punctures. Ventral spine of hypopygium very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369B9FCEF66742EFF7BF868FE3EF87B" box="[189,400,1928,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFF7BF868FE3EF87B" blockId="4.[136,1452,437,1952]" box="[189,400,1928,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364AAE7EF66742EFE8AF868FE22F87B" box="[332,396,1928,1951]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<footnote id="E868F679EF66742EFBD2F7CAFA02F7A5" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF66742EFBD2F7CAFA02F7A5" blockId="4.[1044,1452,2090,2113]" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
|
||
©
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF66742EFBEBF7CBFAA5F7A4" box="[1069,1291,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
|
||
, 39(4): 534–544
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF0CBAFFEF67742FFF5DF862FD7DF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542134" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542134/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="539" startId="5.[155,196,1922,1944]" targetBox="[244,1345,238,1899]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF67742FFF5DF862FD7DF83C" blockId="5.[155,1433,1922,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">
|
||
Figs 8–19.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF67742FFECAF862FE6EF873" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[268,448,1922,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF67742FFECAF862FE6EF873" box="[268,448,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">Synergus gifuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF67742FFE32F862FDC5F87C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1874" box="[500,619,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF67742FFE32F862FDC5F87C" box="[500,619,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8–11, 16, 18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF67742FFCC3F862FCDAF873" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[773,884,1922,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF67742FFCC3F862FCDAF873" box="[773,884,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">S. gifuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 12–15, 17, 19.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF67742FFBDCF862FB3FF87C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1874" box="[1050,1169,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF67742FFBDCF862FB3FF87C" box="[1050,1169,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8, 12. Head, dorsal view. 9, 13. Head, frontal view. 10, 14. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 11, 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16–17. First and second flagellomeres of male antenna. 18–19. First flagellomere of female antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E868F679EF67742FFF4EF7CAFDB1F7A5" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF67742FFF4EF7CAFDB1F7A5" blockId="5.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">
|
||
©
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF67742FFF66F7CBFED1F7A4" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="539">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
|
||
, 39(4): 534–544
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369B9FCEF64742CFF78FF0CFB7EFE56" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCCEA77EF64742CFF78FF0CFB7EFE56" blockId="6.[136,1452,236,434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">
|
||
Biology. Abe (1990) referred to the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFD74FF0DFC2CFEE0" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1874" box="[690,898,237,260]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFD74FF0DFC2CFEE0" box="[690,898,237,260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">Synergus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C854D5EF64742CFC4EFF0DFC18FEE1" box="[904,950,237,261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B. According to Abe, the species is univoltine and arrhenotokous, and adults emerge from unisexual galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFCB4FEEFFBC7FEC3" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[882,1129,271,295]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFCB4FEEFFBC7FEC3" box="[882,1129,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">Andricus mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in early June and females subsequently oviposite in newly formed host galls. Galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFCD9FED2FC6FFEAE" box="[799,961,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFCD9FED2FC6FFEAE" box="[799,961,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">A. mukaigawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFB9DFED2FB79FEAE" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[1115,1239,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gifuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFB9DFED2FB79FEAE" box="[1115,1239,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">S. gifuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inquilines is larger than the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C854D5EF64742CFEE3FEB5FEFDFE89" box="[293,339,341,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of galls inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFD86FEB5FD6DFE88" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1874" box="[576,707,341,364]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFD86FEB5FD6DFE88" box="[576,707,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the inquiline larval cells are usually separated by a woody wall inside the host gall (Abe, 1990, 1992; Pujade-Villar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFD0AFE98FCAAFE6B" box="[716,772,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002). In addition, specimens of this species have also been reared from the galls of the unisexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7391F4EF64742CFD77FE7AFC1EFE56" box="[689,944,410,434]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kashiwaphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9073665EF64742CFD77FE7AFC1EFE56" box="[689,944,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="540">Andricus kashiwaphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see specimen data above)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |