treatments-xml/data/03/CC/87/03CC87FDFFBA4208FF38CA3C477F2183.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<mods:title id="5F0E3B5BB1A404A50E76028DD2CC289F">Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Nephelomilta Hampson, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from China with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF41CA3C42B3277B" bold="true" box="[238,401,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Nephelomilta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFE36CA3D4179277A" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[409,603,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 590" refId="ref3775" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590." type="journal article" year="1900">Hampson, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF38CA7942022739" box="[151,288,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Nephelomilta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFE88CA4642E92739" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[295,459,1119,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 590" refId="ref3775" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590." type="journal article" year="1900">Hampson, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFE78CA7947442739" box="[471,1126,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum</emphasis>
2: 468.
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species:
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFAE1CA79429A27D8" ID-CoL="B7RHL" authority="Hampson, 1891" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Lyclene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suffusa">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFAE1CA79422D27D8" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Lyclene suffusa</emphasis>
Hampson, 1891
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, by original designation.
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=
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<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF05CABA422427FA" box="[170,262,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Kailasha</emphasis>
Singh &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFECDCABA42F027FA" author="Kirti, J. S. &amp; Singh, N." box="[354,466,1180,1204]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" refId="ref3865" refString="Kirti, J. S. &amp; Singh, N. (2015) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 1. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 205 pp." type="book" year="2015">Kirti, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFE75CABB42CC27FA" box="[474,494,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">in</emphasis>
Kirti &amp; Singh,
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Arctiid Moths of
<collectingCountry id="F372767BFFBA420BFC84CABA404227FA" box="[811,864,1180,1204]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">India</collectingCountry>
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1: 79 (
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species:
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFB80CABA42E0279D" authority="Volynkin &amp; Cerny, 2018" authorityName="Volynkin &amp; Cerny" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nephelomilta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sumatrana" subSpecies="effractoida">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFB80CABA46BE27FA" box="[1071,1436,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Nephelomilta sumatrana effractoida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFF68CA9D42E0279D" author="Volynkin, A. V. &amp; Cerny, K." box="[199,450,1211,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" pagination="401 - 451" refId="ref3953" refString="Volynkin, A. V. &amp; Cerny, K. (2018) Revision of the genus Nephelomilta Hampson, 1900, with descriptions of twelve new species and two new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa, 4472 (3), 401 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4472.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Volynkin &amp; Černý, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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(=
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFE71CA9A40BC279D" ID-CoL="96395" authority="sensu Kirti &amp; Singh (2015)" authorityName="sensu Kirti &amp; Singh" authorityYear="2015" box="[478,926,1211,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Barsine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="effracta">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFE71CA9A41E3279D" box="[478,705,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Barsine effracta sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFD68CA9D40BC279D" author="Kirti, J. S. &amp; Singh, N." box="[711,926,1211,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" refId="ref3865" refString="Kirti, J. S. &amp; Singh, N. (2015) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 1. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 205 pp." type="book" year="2015">Kirti &amp; Singh (2015)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFC06CA9A40EE279D" box="[937,972,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFC7CCA9D4752279D" author="Walker, F." box="[979,1136,1211,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" refId="ref4017" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, pp. 279 - 581." type="book" year="1854">Walker (1854))</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF38CB2742302655" bold="true" box="[151,274,1281,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Although
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<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFE22CB2741062655" box="[397,548,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Nephelomilta</emphasis>
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is superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFCF9CB2440BD2652" box="[854,927,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFCF9CB2440BD2652" box="[854,927,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
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, it can be well distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters in the genitalia of both sexes. (1) The costa is long and heavily sclerotized, reaching the valva apex and often with one or two lobes or processes distally, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFA8ECB6C4648262A" box="[1313,1386,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFA8ECB6C4648262A" box="[1313,1386,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the costa is much shorter and lacking processes distally, and the distal part of the valva is membranous. (2) The distal section of the sacculus is fused with the main part of the valva, only a short subapical process is present in many cases, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFEEACB9042AC269E" box="[325,398,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFEEACB9042AC269E" box="[325,398,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the sacculus bears a long and robust distal process well separated from the main part of the valva; 3) in phallus the carina plate is usually strongly sclerotized only on one side, and often forms thorn-like spikes, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFEE0CBD842BA2556" box="[335,408,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFEE0CBD842BA2556" box="[335,408,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is weakly developed and often absent; 4) in the female genitalia there are two separated, sack-like pheromone glands situated ventrally-laterally, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFC37C80440C32572" box="[920,993,1570,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFC37C80440C32572" box="[920,993,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pheromone gland is unpaired with two anterior lobes situated ventrally. In addition, the female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFC4EC863475A2511" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[993,1144,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nephelomilta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFC4EC863475A2511" box="[993,1144,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Nephelomilta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bear clusters or fields of spinules of different sizes in corpus bursae, while in Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFBA420BFC86C84C405025CA" box="[809,882,1642,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFC86C84C405025CA" box="[809,882,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Cyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such spinules are generally absent or replaced by sclerotized field (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B1AFFBA420BFEF6C8AB414925E9" author="Volynkin, A. V. &amp; Cerny, K." box="[345,619,1677,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" pagination="401 - 451" refId="ref3953" refString="Volynkin, A. V. &amp; Cerny, K. (2018) Revision of the genus Nephelomilta Hampson, 1900, with descriptions of twelve new species and two new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa, 4472 (3), 401 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4472.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Volynkin &amp; Černý 2018</bibRefCitation>
, the present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6560FFBA4208FF68C897477F2183" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="1" pageNumber="535" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36EBFFBA420BFF68C89747AB2489" blockId="1.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF68C89742912585" bold="true" box="[199,435,1713,1739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Description. Adults.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized moths. Male forewing with an androconial pocket at costa. Female larger than male. Most members with forewing ground color white with red or ochreous red pattern, in some species groups ground color reddish or yellowish with fuscous pattern consisting of shades or large patches. Forewing pattern consisting of transverse lines and spots. Subbasal line usually interrupted into two or three parts. Antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines continuous. Discal cell with spots medially and distally. Submarginal area usually with three spots. Terminal line variables, continuous or interrupted, sometimes represent a series of dots. Hindwing usually whitish or yellowish with diffuse discal spots, in certain species hindwing bears pale blackish suffusion covering the whole wing or forming a diffused band extending from dorsum to discal cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36EBFFBA4208FF68C9F7429322BB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1281,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFBA420BFF68C9F7425424A5" bold="true" box="[199,374,2001,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="535">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus long and slender, almost straight or slightly S-like curved in lateral view with tip claw-like. Tegumen short and broad, triangular. Vinculum short, U-shaped. Valva broad. Costa with medial angle protruding dorsally and broad and triangular ventral plate medially. Distal section of costa with more or less developed apical lobe, usually also bearing ventral-apical process directed ventrally. Ampulla present, varying in shape and size from short, minute, and triangular to elongated, large and lobular. Sacculus often with subapical process, its distal section fused with the costa at the ventral-apical process. Distal membranous lobe of valva narrow, absent in certain species. Juxta broad, X-shaped. Phallus short, moderately broad. Coecum well-developed. In most species groups, carinal plate large, heavily sclerotized and bearing denticles of different sizes but it is small, band-like, and smooth in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFB94208FA2CCF49422D22E2" baseAuthorityName="van Eecke" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nephelomilta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFB94208FA2CCF49422D22E2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">N. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D68FFB94208FEEACFB5410322E3" authorityName="Huang &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[325,545,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nephelomilta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasunorikishidai">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFB94208FEEACFB5410322E3" box="[325,545,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">N. yasunorikishidai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups. Vesica narrow, subbasal diverticulum usually present, globular; medial diverticulum elongated, usually with a cluster of cornuti distally; distal diverticulum globular, covered with cornuti of different sizes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36EBFFB94208FF68CFD9477F2183" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="B911EAF9FFB94208FF68CFD942B32156" bold="true" box="[199,401,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papilla analis rectangular or trapezoid with rounded corners. Pheromone glands present, sack-like, size variable. Apophyses thin and more or less equal in length. Antrum present in most species. Postvaginal plate present. Antevaginal plate present in most species. Ostium bursae broad. Ductus bursae short, membranous, or sclerotized. Corpus bursae pyriform, its medial and posterior sections densely covered with clusters of spinules in most species; anterior section membranous. Signum large and elliptical, covered with spinules and bisected by line-like concavity. Appendix bursae globular, membranous, situated postero-laterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>