treatments-xml/data/03/CC/87/03CC87CBB35DE167B330C298FEC2F896.xml

<document id="9C1C6AFD1847945929EDE273AB736C56" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4620286" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8efb86d6-5dbb-4055-8748-a755ce2f90ed" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620286" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1460975255623" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanetra, Matthias &amp; Güsten, Robert" docDate="2001" docId="03CC87CBB35DE167B330C298FEC2F896" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00020.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 20" docStyle="DocumentStyle:83E4DCE73C651764D97D3683740715A6.1:zzz_test.0000.journal_article" docStyleId="83E4DCE73C651764D97D3683740715A6" docStyleName="zzz_test.0000.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Strongylognathus afer Emery 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF5FFB3B35EE16AB238C707FFA2FFD8" masterDocTitle="The socially parasitic ant genus Strongylognathus Mayr in North Africa (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698559650196" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9666BF46888680EB77322DE0C2F5099A">The socially parasitic ant genus Strongylognathus Mayr in North Africa (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8F7F8D5DD8E59AFD21EE68CC5CA53959">Sanetra, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="907ABC4712239315E31860BC7AC54330">Güsten, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CC87CBB35DE167B330C298FEC2F896" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119594129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87CBB35DE167B330C298FEC2F896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87CBB35DE167B330C298FEC2F896" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B35DE169B330C298FD08FA60" box="[264,682,1438,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35DE169B330C298FD08FA60" blockId="3.[264,682,1438,1464]" box="[264,682,1438,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B330C298FD08FA60" ID-CoL="534RB" authority="Emery, 1884" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1884" box="[264,682,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B330C298FDAEFA60" box="[264,524,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery, 1884
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B35DE169B330C2D8FD41F9E3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35DE169B330C2D8FD41F9E3" blockId="3.[264,1067,1503,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B330C2D8FDFFFA2E" ID-CoL="534RP" box="[264,605,1503,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="huberi" subSpecies="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B330C2D8FDFFFA2E" box="[264,605,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Strongylognathus huberi huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B05BC2D8FCFAFA2E" authority="Emery, 1909" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1909" box="[611,856,1503,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="variety" status="name unavailable" variety="foreli">
var. 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B0A9C2D8FD68FA2E" box="[657,714,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">foreli</emphasis>
Emery, 1909
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257B4B35DE169B15EC2D8FB87FA2E" box="[870,1061,1503,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">name unavailable</taxonomicNameLabel>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B330C106FDB2F9C0" ID-CoL="534RP" box="[264,528,1537,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B330C106FDB2F9C0" box="[264,528,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Strongylognathus huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B07EC106FCB3F9C0" ID-CoL="534RN" authority="Emery, 1922" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1922" box="[582,785,1537,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foreli">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B07EC106FDDDF9C0" box="[582,639,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">foreli</emphasis>
Emery, 1922
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B123C106FCDCF9C1" bold="true" box="[795,894,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257B4B35DE169B123C106FCDCF9C1" box="[795,894,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B330C123FDF6F9E3" ID-CoL="534RN" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[264,596,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foreli">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B330C123FDA1F9E3" box="[264,515,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Strongylognathus foreli</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
: Bolton 1976
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B35DE16EB300C163FC4BFC06" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35DE169B300C163FC74F8B5" blockId="3.[264,1326,1635,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B300C163FE52F9A5" box="[312,496,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Collecting data</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB35DE169B03AC164FDFCF9A5" box="[514,606,1635,1661]" name="Tunisia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B03AC164FDFCF9A5" bold="true" box="[514,606,1635,1661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
­ Gouv. Siliana, road Makthar­Tebessa, 6 rkm W Makthar, ca. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35DE169B30BC18BFEDAF97E" box="[307,376,1676,1702]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35DE169B3BEC18BFE42F97E" box="[390,480,1676,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1995-10">X.1995</date>
, leg. A. Schulz &amp; K. Vock: dealated crawling on the ground; Gouv. Siliana, Forêt de Kesra, ca. 7 rkm N Kesra, ca. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35DE169B152C1B3FC1DF916" box="[874,959,1716,1742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35DE169B1E8C1B3FBF7F916" box="[976,1109,1716,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1997-04-05">05.IV.1997</date>
, leg. M. Sanetra: numerous // in a nest of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B00EC1DBFCE8F92D" box="[566,842,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B00EC1DBFCE8F92D" box="[566,842,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tetramorium semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Gouv. Béja, Mts de Téboursouk, Jebel Gora’a, ca. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35DE169B3A1C003FE7DF8C6" box="[409,479,1796,1822]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35DE169B3D7C003FDD1F8C6" box="[495,627,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1997-04-04">04.IV.1997</date>
, leg. M. Sanetra: numerous // and queen in a nest of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B72DC003FED9F89D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B72DC003FED9F89D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Gouv. Béja, ca. 6 rkm S Nefza, Jebel Sidi Ahmed, ca. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35DE169B624C02BFBC3F89E" box="[1052,1121,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35DE169B657C02BFB50F89E" box="[1135,1266,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1997-04-11">11.IV.1997</date>
, leg. M. Sanetra: numerous // and queen in a nest of 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35DE169B106C053FC74F8B5" box="[830,982,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35DE169B106C053FC70F8B5" box="[830,978,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">T. semilaeve</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35AE16EB300C61BFB32FC56" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB300C61BFD24FEED" box="[312,646,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other investigated material:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB35AE16EB0B5C61CFD4BFEED" box="[653,745,283,309]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB0B5C61CFD4BFEED" bold="true" box="[653,745,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tunisia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
­ 8//, 4, 10: Le Kef [
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB60BC61BFBDCFEEE" box="[1075,1150,284,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
], 1909/10, leg. Dr. Normand (NHMB: 8//, 4, 9, MCSN: 1; unpubl.); 1, 1: Le Kef, „Dr. Santschi“[leg.?] (NHMB; unpubl.); 27//: Dir el Kef, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB147C66BFC66FE5E" box="[895,964,364,390]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB1E8C66BFBE9FE5E" box="[976,1099,364,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1913-05-22">22.V.1913</date>
, leg. F. Santschi[?] (NHMB: 26//, IEGG: 1/; unpubl.); 22//: Béja [
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB168C693FC39FE76" box="[848,923,404,430]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="250.0">250m</quantity>
], 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB188C693FBB2FE76" box="[944,1040,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1889-04">IV.1889</date>
, leg. A. Forel (MHNG: 11//, NHMB: 4//, IEGG: 1 /, ZMHB: 6//; Forel 1890a, 1890b); 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB637C6BCFBCEFE0D" bold="true" box="[1039,1132,443,469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB35AE16EB637C6BCFBCEFE0D" box="[1039,1132,443,469]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Algeria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
­ 12//: mt. near Souk­Ahras, close to summit, ca. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB08CC6E3FCA6FE26" box="[692,772,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
[probably erroneous], 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB620C6E3FBDBFE26" box="[1048,1145,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1889-04">IV.1889</date>
, leg. A. Forel (MHNG; Forel 1890a, 1890b); 29//: Duvivier [now Bouchegouf, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB62DC50BFBFFFDFE" box="[1045,1117,524,550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
], 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB649C50BFB73FDFE" box="[1137,1233,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1889-04">IV.1889</date>
, leg. A. Forel (MHNG: 6//, MCSN: 21// 
<typeStatus id="54DE887FB35AE16EB099C533FCAAFD96" box="[673,776,564,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB109C533FBF1FD95" box="[817,1107,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB109C533FBF1FD95" box="[817,1107,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Strongylognathus huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB6A9C533FEF1FDAE" authority="Emery, IEGG" authorityName="Emery, IEGG" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foreli">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB6A9C533FB6DFD95" box="[1169,1231,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">foreli</emphasis>
Emery, IEGG
</taxonomicName>
: 2//; Forel 1890a, 1890b); 13//: Massif de l´Ouarsenis, Teniet­el­Haad, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB6E9C55BFA84FDAE" box="[1233,1318,604,630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB330C583FE20FD46" box="[264,386,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1968-05-10">10.V.1968</date>
, leg. H. Cagniant (CXE; Cagniant 1970); 1 
<typeStatus id="54DE887FB35AE16EB1A1C583FBA2FD46" box="[921,1024,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB61EC583FEF9FD1E" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB61EC583FA88FD45" box="[1062,1322,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
: Dhaya [
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB3FCC5ABFDBFFD1E" box="[452,541,684,710]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350m</quantity>
], leg. Bedel (MCSN; Emery 1884); 1/: Saharian Atlas, Aïn Aïssa ravine, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB358C5D3FE16FD36" box="[352,436,724,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB387C5D3FDE5FD36" box="[447,583,724,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1968-06-07">07.VI.1968</date>
, leg. H. Cagniant (CHC; Cagniant 1970); 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB35AE16EB609C5D4FB3DFD35" box="[1073,1183,723,749]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB609C5D4FB3DFD35" bold="true" box="[1073,1183,723,749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morocco</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
­ 8//: High Atlas, Tizgui near Amezmiz, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB05FC5FBFD1EFCCE" box="[615,700,764,790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB0F1C5FBFCE6FCCE" box="[713,836,764,790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1983-05-09">09.V.1983</date>
, leg. H. Cagniant &amp; X. Espadaler (CXE: 7//, CHC: 1/; Cagniant 1997); 2//: Rif mts., around Ras el Ma (near Chefchaouen), 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB330C44BFE2EFCBE" box="[264,396,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1984-04-16">16.IV.1984</date>
, leg. A. Tinaut (CAT; unpubl.); 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB0C7C44CFC61FCBD" bold="true" box="[767,963,843,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">no locality label</emphasis>
­ 3//: probably Béja, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB6FEC44BFA84FCBE" box="[1222,1318,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1889-04">IV.1889</date>
, leg. A. Forel (NHMB); 1/: probably Duvivier, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB117C473FC2DFC56" box="[815,911,884,910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1889-04">IV.1889</date>
, leg. A. Forel (IEGG)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35AE16EB300C49BFC4BFC06" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB300C49BFD47FC6D" box="[312,741,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Further record (no material seen)</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB35AE16EB0C5C49CFCF8FC6D" box="[765,858,923,949]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB0C5C49CFCF8FC6D" bold="true" box="[765,858,923,949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Algeria</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
­ Massif de l´Ouarsenis, Jebel Berrouaghia, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB346C4C3FE61FC06" box="[382,451,964,990]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFDB101DB35AE16EB3F7C4C3FDF4FC06" box="[463,598,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1967-03-27">27.III.1967</date>
, leg. H. Cagniant (Cagniant 1970)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B35AE163B300C4EBFBA5FE0E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35AE16EB300C4EBFE32FBDD" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" box="[312,400,1004,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB300C4EBFE32FBDD" box="[312,400,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35AE16EB300C313FAAAFB7E" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB300C313FD21FBF5" box="[312,643,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements and indices</emphasis>
(n=9): ML 1.105±0.035(1.070­1.180)mm, HW 0.630 ±0.015(0.620­0.660)mm, HL 0.740±0.015(0.720­0.760)mm, SL 0.485±0.020(0.470­ 0.530)mm, PW 0.250±0.015(0.230­0.280)mm, PPW 0.380±0.020(0.350­0.430)mm, CI 0.855±0.010(0.840­0.870), SI 0.660±0.020(0.625­0.695), PI 0.660±0.030(0.615­0.711)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35AE16FB300C3B3FBC2FE76" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Notably smaller than other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB10CC3B3FC00FB15" box="[820,930,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB10CC3B3FC00FB15" box="[820,930,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group execpt 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB669C3B3FEE1FB2E" authority="Forel, 1897" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeciliae">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB669C3B3FB7EFB15" box="[1105,1244,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. caeciliae</emphasis>
Forel, 1897
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35AE16EB347C3DBFD74FB2E" authority="Radchenko, 1991" authorityName="Radchenko" authorityYear="1991" box="[383,726,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35AE16EB347C3DBFE59FB2D" box="[383,507,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. minutus</emphasis>
Radchenko, 1991
</taxonomicName>
. Head considerably smaller than in worker, mesosoma only slightly longer; female/worker thorax volume ratio (see Stille 1996) 2.1­2.2 as measured for samples from Nefza, J. Gora’a and Le Kef. Head nearly as wide as long, widest at eye level or somewhat posteriorly (eyes excluded) but lateral margin only very slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B35AE16EB3EDC27BFDBFFA4E" box="[469,541,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 3" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1598,1622]" captionTargetBox="[338,1213,517,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 3. Strongylognathus afer Emery, female (queen) from J. Gora’a. 1, Head (frontal view); 2, mesosoma (dorsal view); 3, petiolar nodes (dorsal view); scale bar 1 mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Occipital corners rather rounded and posterior margin weakly concave. Scape when directed backwards fails to reach occipital margin by about 1½ times its greatest width. Eyes situated medially on head sides, somewhat bulging (greatest diameter 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B35AE16EB36AC2F3FDB0F9D6" box="[338,530,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.18">0.180­0.190mm</quantity>
). Head surface generally smooth and shining medially, almost without any sculpture in some specimens but shallow longitudinally striate over most of the surface in others. Lateral parts always longitudinally rugose with some anastomosing, posteriorly converging archedly to lateral ocelli. Pronotal corners rather angular, well visible from above. Propodeal teeth developed as short acute denticles, sometimes nearly absent. Mesoscutum with distinct longitudinal rugosity and weak microsculpture except for anterior central and posterior lateral portions, which are smooth and shiny, as are scutellum and metanotum except on their outermost parts (
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B35AE16EB17DC00BFC2CF8FE" box="[837,910,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 3" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1598,1622]" captionTargetBox="[338,1213,517,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 3. Strongylognathus afer Emery, female (queen) from J. Gora’a. 1, Head (frontal view); 2, mesosoma (dorsal view); 3, petiolar nodes (dorsal view); scale bar 1 mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Propodeum and often also lateral parts of mesosoma with well developed punctate­reticulate microsculpture and some rugae, especially around the pronotal corners. Petiolar nodes as in 
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B35BE16FB61EC61BFBCFFEEE" box="[1062,1133,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ­ 3" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1598,1622]" captionTargetBox="[338,1213,517,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 ­ 3. Strongylognathus afer Emery, female (queen) from J. Gora’a. 1, Head (frontal view); 2, mesosoma (dorsal view); 3, petiolar nodes (dorsal view); scale bar 1 mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, surface largely covered with distinct microsculpture as on propodeum, weak to absent only around center of petiolus; rugosity scarce and indistinct if present at all. Body color dark blackish brown in fresh specimens, first gastral tergite and especially appendages lighter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6655B35BE16FB330C139FEFAF943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[338,1213,517,1560]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35BE16FB330C139FEFAF943" blockId="5.[264,1323,1598,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35BE16FB330C139FE0FF98E" bold="true" box="[264,429,1598,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 1­3</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB35BE16FB387C138FCA1F98E" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[447,771,1599,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35BE16FB387C138FD12F98E" box="[447,688,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
, female (queen) from J. Gora’a. 1, Head (frontal view); 2, mesosoma (dorsal view); 3, petiolar nodes (dorsal view); scale bar 1mm; drawings by A. Schulz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB35BE16FB300C1C8FE5BF8B8" blockId="5.[264,1324,1742,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB35BE16FB300C1C8FE16F930" box="[312,436,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Variability</emphasis>
: The nine specimens differ to some extent in sculpturing of the central head and lateral mesosoma surfaces, but are in general very similar to each other. The queen from Nefza, the only known female sexual from a lowland site, is considerably larger than the other specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB358E16CB300C61BFE2FFEED" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,510]" box="[312,397,284,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB358E16CB300C61BFE2FFEED" box="[312,397,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Worker</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB358E16CB300C643FB74FE26" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB358E16CB300C643FD37FE85" box="[312,661,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Measurements and indices</emphasis>
(n=109): ML 0.950±0.050(0.830­1.050)mm, HW 0.695±0.035(0.590­0.770)mm, HL 0.795±0.035(0.670­0.860)mm, SL 0.530±0.025(0.460­ 0.580)mm, PW 0.225±0.015(0.190­0.260)mm, PPW 0.295±0.020(0.260­0.330)mm, CI 0.875±0.015(0.840­0.940), SI 0.665±0.015(0.635­0.700), PI 0.765±0.025(0.705­0.815). Data apportioned to the separate samples are itemized in 
<tableCitation id="C6E70366B358E16CB19EC6E3FC5FFE26" box="[934,1021,484,510]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[270,1306,486,1424]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and indices for workers of Strongylognathus afer Emery from different localities. n: number of specimens studied; ML: mesosoma length; HW: head width; HL: head length; SL: scape length; PW: petiolus width; PPW: postpetiolus width; CI: cephalic index: HW / HL; SI: scape index: SL / HL; PI: petiolar index: PW / PPW. All data given as mean ± standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19">Table 1</tableCitation>
(range not given).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB358E162B315C54FFB97FD1E" blockId="6.[301,326,584,629]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB358E16CB315C54FFEE4FDAD" bold="true" box="[301,326,584,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</emphasis>
Smaller than other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB359E16DB0EBC2EAFCE3F9DE" box="[723,833,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB0EBC2EAFCE3F9DE" box="[723,833,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group except 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB359E16DB1CAC2EAFBD2F9DE" box="[1010,1136,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB1CAC2EAFBD2F9DE" box="[1010,1136,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Head scarcely longer than wide, widest at eye level (eyes excluded), in few specimens somewhat behind the eyes. Head sides variable, generally more convex than in females (
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B359E16DB678C13AFB0BF98F" box="[1088,1193,1597,1623]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 ­ 6" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[349,1275,592,1601]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 ­ 6. Strongylognathus afer Emery, workers. 4, Head (frontal view) of worker from J. Gora’a (smallest specimen); 5, head (frontal view) of worker from Nefza (largest specimen); 6, petiolar nodes (dorsal view) of worker from Nefza (same as 5); scale bar mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168601/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
). Occipital margin weakly concave. Convexity of head sides and concavity of occipital margin slightly more distinct in large examples, resulting in an allometric increase of CI with body size (see 
<tableCitation id="C6E70366B359E16DB34DC1B2FE1CF917" box="[373,446,1717,1743]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[270,1306,486,1424]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and indices for workers of Strongylognathus afer Emery from different localities. n: number of specimens studied; ML: mesosoma length; HW: head width; HL: head length; SL: scape length; PW: petiolus width; PPW: postpetiolus width; CI: cephalic index: HW / HL; SI: scape index: SL / HL; PI: petiolar index: PW / PPW. All data given as mean ± standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Scape when directed backwards fails to reach occipital margin by about 1½ times its greatest diameter. Eyes situated medially on head sides, smaller than in females (greatest diameter 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B359E16DB07EC002FCA1F8C7" box="[582,771,1797,1823]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.12">0.120­0.130mm</quantity>
) and bulging only very little, decidedly less so than e.g. in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB359E16DB3A1C02AFDA7F89E" box="[409,517,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB3A1C02AFDA7F89E" box="[409,517,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers (compare to Fig. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B359E16DB171C02AFC25F89F" box="[841,903,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB1CAC02AFB92F89E" box="[1010,1072,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
1999). Head surface sculpture very restricted, lateral parts showing shallow longitudinal striation to a variable extent, posteriorly curving slightly towards center but then disappearing. Some individuals with few very weak short striae on center of head capsule. Pronotal corners can be rather angular, but smoothly rounded in other specimens. Propodeal teeth extremely variable from virtually absent to (rarely) rather distinct upright denticles. Lateral surfaces of mesosoma with variably developed irregular longitudinal rugosity, dorsal surface except propodeum completely smooth and shiny in most specimens but with punctate­reticulate microsculpture throughout and hints of longitudinal rugae in some. Petiolar nodes as in 
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B356E162B330C533FEEDFD96" box="[264,335,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 ­ 6" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[349,1275,592,1601]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 ­ 6. Strongylognathus afer Emery, workers. 4, Head (frontal view) of worker from J. Gora’a (smallest specimen); 5, head (frontal view) of worker from Nefza (largest specimen); 6, petiolar nodes (dorsal view) of worker from Nefza (same as 5); scale bar mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168601/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, surface appearing shiny but completely covered with shallow but dense microsculpture, with a pair of weak rugae laterally on postpetiolus or none at all. Body color varying from uniformly light yellowish­brown to yellowish­brown with darker centres of heads, sometimes body ochrish­brown and heads wholly dark brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6655B358E16CB330C19DFEFAF8C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168601/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[349,1275,592,1601]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB358E16CB330C19DFEFAF8C2" blockId="6.[264,1324,1690,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB358E16CB330C19DFE09F96A" bold="true" box="[264,427,1690,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 4­6</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB358E16CB383C19CFD59F96A" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[443,763,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB358E16CB383C19CFD08F96A" box="[443,682,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
, workers. 4, Head (frontal view) of worker from J. Gora’a (smallest specimen); 5, head (frontal view) of worker from Nefza (largest specimen); 6, petiolar nodes (dorsal view) of worker from Nefza (same as 5); scale bar mm; drawings by A. Schulz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[270,1306,486,1424]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB330C61CFED4FEEB" bold="true" box="[264,374,283,307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Measurements and indices for workers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB359E16DB176C61BFB29FEEB" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[846,1163,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB176C61BFB9EFEEB" box="[846,1084,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
from different localities. n: number of specimens studied; ML: mesosoma length; HW: head width; HL: head length; SL: scape length; PW: petiolus width; PPW: postpetiolus width; CI: cephalic index: HW/ HL; SI: scape index: SL/HL; PI: petiolar index: PW/PPW. All data given as mean±standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB359E16DB336C6E1FAB8FA48" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="F965C47DB3591E95B336C6E1FAB8FA48" box="[270,1306,486,1424]" gridcols="10" gridrows="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C6E1FAB8FDC3" box="[270,1306,486,539]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C6E1FE3EFDC3" box="[270,412,486,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB336C6E1FEC0FE23" bold="true" box="[270,354,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Locality</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC6E1FE46FDC3" box="[452,484,486,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB3F6C6E1FE79FE23" bold="true" box="[462,475,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C6E1FDE1FDC3" box="[520,579,486,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB02AC6E1FD9AFE23" bold="true" box="[530,568,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ML</emphasis>
(mm)
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC6E1FD3CFDC3" box="[610,670,486,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB053C6E1FD37FE23" bold="true" box="[619,661,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HW</emphasis>
(mm)
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C6E1FD5BFDC3" box="[701,761,486,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB0F1C6E1FD49FE23" bold="true" box="[713,747,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HL</emphasis>
(mm)
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C6E1FC18FDC3" box="[792,954,486,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB11FC6E1FC08FDC3" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SL PW (mm) (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C6E1FBAAFDC3" box="[972,1032,486,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB1F7C6E1FBA6FE23" bold="true" box="[975,1028,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PPW</emphasis>
(mm)
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC6E1FBC1FDC3" box="[1063,1123,486,539]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB600C6E1FBF1FE23" bold="true" box="[1080,1107,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CI</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC6E1FB1CFDC3" box="[1154,1214,486,539]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB6ACC6E1FB09FE23" bold="true" box="[1172,1195,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SI</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C6E1FAB8FDC3" box="[1246,1306,486,539]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB6C8C6E1FAAAFE23" bold="true" box="[1264,1288,486,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PI</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C52CFAB8FD9B" box="[270,1306,555,579]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C52CFE3EFD9B" box="[270,412,555,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nr Makthar</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C52CFC18FD9B" box="[792,954,555,579]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no // collected</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C554FAB8FD5B" box="[270,1306,595,643]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C554FE3EFD5B" box="[270,412,595,643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Forêt de Kesra</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC554FE46FD5B" box="[452,484,595,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C554FDE1FD5B" box="[520,579,595,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.925 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC554FD3CFD5B" box="[610,670,595,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.675 ±0.025</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C554FD5BFD5B" box="[701,761,595,643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.770 ±0.025</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C554FC18FD5B" box="[792,954,595,643]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.520 0.220 ±0.020 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C554FBAAFD5B" box="[972,1032,595,643]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.285 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC554FBC1FD5B" box="[1063,1123,595,643]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.875 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC554FB1CFD5B" box="[1154,1214,595,643]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.670 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C554FAB8FD5B" box="[1246,1306,595,643]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.775 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C595FAB8FD1A" box="[270,1306,658,706]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C595FE3EFD1A" box="[270,412,658,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Gora’a</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC595FE46FD1A" box="[452,484,658,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C595FDE1FD1A" box="[520,579,658,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.935 ±0.065</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC595FD3CFD1A" box="[610,670,658,706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.675 ±0.045</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C595FD5BFD1A" box="[701,761,658,706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.780 ±0.050</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C595FC18FD1A" box="[792,954,658,706]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.515 0.220 ±0.025 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C595FBAAFD1A" box="[972,1032,658,706]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.290 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC595FBC1FD1A" box="[1063,1123,658,706]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.865 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC595FB1CFD1A" box="[1154,1214,658,706]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.660 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C595FAB8FD1A" box="[1246,1306,658,706]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.755 ±0.030</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C5D6FAB8FCDA" box="[270,1306,721,770]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C5D6FE3EFCDA" box="[270,412,721,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nr Nefza</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC5D6FE46FCDA" box="[452,484,721,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C5D6FDE1FCDA" box="[520,579,721,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.970 ±0.045</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC5D6FD3CFCDA" box="[610,670,721,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.710 ±0.030</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C5D6FD5BFCDA" box="[701,761,721,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.810 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C5D6FC18FCDA" box="[792,954,721,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.540 0.235 ±0.015 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C5D6FBAAFCDA" box="[972,1032,721,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.305 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC5D6FBC1FCDA" box="[1063,1123,721,770]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.875 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC5D6FB1CFCDA" box="[1154,1214,721,770]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.670 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C5D6FAB8FCDA" box="[1246,1306,721,770]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.775 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C416FAB8FC99" box="[270,1306,785,833]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C416FE3EFC99" box="[270,412,785,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Le Kef</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC416FE46FC99" box="[452,484,785,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C416FDE1FC99" box="[520,579,785,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.995 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC416FD3CFC99" box="[610,670,785,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.715 ±0.055</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C416FD5BFC99" box="[701,761,785,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.800 ±0.060</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C416FC18FC99" box="[792,954,785,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.550 0.235 ±0.040 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C416FBAAFC99" box="[972,1032,785,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.310 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC416FBC1FC99" box="[1063,1123,785,833]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.895 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC416FB1CFC99" box="[1154,1214,785,833]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.690 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C416FAB8FC99" box="[1246,1306,785,833]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.760 ±0.010</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C457FAB8FC58" box="[270,1306,848,896]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C457FE3EFC58" box="[270,412,848,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dir el Kef</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC457FE46FC58" box="[452,484,848,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C457FDE1FC58" box="[520,579,848,896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.980 ±0.030</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC457FD3CFC58" box="[610,670,848,896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.725 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C457FD5BFC58" box="[701,761,848,896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.815 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C457FC18FC58" box="[792,954,848,896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.550 0.240 ±0.010 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C457FBAAFC58" box="[972,1032,848,896]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.310 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC457FBC1FC58" box="[1063,1123,848,896]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.890 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC457FB1CFC58" box="[1154,1214,848,896]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.675 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C457FAB8FC58" box="[1246,1306,848,896]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.765 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C488FAB8FC67" box="[270,1306,911,959]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C488FE3EFC67" box="[270,412,911,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Béja</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC488FE46FC67" box="[452,484,911,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C488FDE1FC67" box="[520,579,911,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.980 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC488FD3CFC67" box="[610,670,911,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.720 ±0.025</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C488FD5BFC67" box="[701,761,911,959]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.820 ±0.025</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C488FC18FC67" box="[792,954,911,959]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.545 0.235 ±0.015 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C488FBAAFC67" box="[972,1032,911,959]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.305 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC488FBC1FC67" box="[1063,1123,911,959]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.880 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC488FB1CFC67" box="[1154,1214,911,959]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C488FAB8FC67" box="[1246,1306,911,959]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.765 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C4C9FAB8FC26" box="[270,1306,974,1022]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C4C9FE3EFC26" box="[270,412,974,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nr Souk­Ahras</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC4C9FE46FC26" box="[452,484,974,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C4C9FDE1FC26" box="[520,579,974,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.925 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC4C9FD3CFC26" box="[610,670,974,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C4C9FD5BFC26" box="[701,761,974,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.765 ±0.030</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C4C9FC18FC26" box="[792,954,974,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.510 0.215 ±0.025 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C4C9FBAAFC26" box="[972,1032,974,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.280 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC4C9FBC1FC26" box="[1063,1123,974,1022]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.870 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC4C9FB1CFC26" box="[1154,1214,974,1022]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C4C9FAB8FC26" box="[1246,1306,974,1022]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.760 ±0.020</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C309FAB8FBE5" box="[270,1306,1038,1085]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C309FE3EFBE5" box="[270,412,1038,1085]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bouchegouf</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC309FE46FBE5" box="[452,484,1038,1085]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C309FDE1FBE5" box="[520,579,1038,1085]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.945 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC309FD3CFBE5" box="[610,670,1038,1085]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.695 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C309FD5BFBE5" box="[701,761,1038,1085]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.790 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C309FC18FBE5" box="[792,954,1038,1085]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.515 0.235 ±0.015 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C309FBAAFBE5" box="[972,1032,1038,1085]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.305 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC309FBC1FBE5" box="[1063,1123,1038,1085]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.880 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC309FB1CFBE5" box="[1154,1214,1038,1085]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.650 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C309FAB8FBE5" box="[1246,1306,1038,1085]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.760 ±0.030</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C34AFAB8FBBA" box="[270,1306,1101,1122]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C34AFE3EFBBA" box="[270,412,1101,1122]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Berrouaghia</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C34AFC18FBBA" box="[792,954,1101,1122]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">not investigated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C375FAB8FB7A" box="[270,1306,1138,1186]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C375FE3EFB7A" box="[270,412,1138,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Teniet­el­Haad</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC375FE46FB7A" box="[452,484,1138,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C375FDE1FB7A" box="[520,579,1138,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.905 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC375FD3CFB7A" box="[610,670,1138,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.675 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C375FD5BFB7A" box="[701,761,1138,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.775 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C375FC18FB7A" box="[792,954,1138,1186]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.515 0.205 ±0.015 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C375FBAAFB7A" box="[972,1032,1138,1186]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.270 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC375FBC1FB7A" box="[1063,1123,1138,1186]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.870 ±0.010</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC375FB1CFB7A" box="[1154,1214,1138,1186]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C375FAB8FB7A" box="[1246,1306,1138,1186]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.760 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C3B5FAB8FB1F" box="[270,1306,1202,1223]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C3B5FE3EFB1F" box="[270,412,1202,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dhaya</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C3B5FC18FB1F" box="[792,954,1202,1223]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">no // collected</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C3D0FAB8FB34" box="[270,1306,1239,1260]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C3D0FE3EFB34" box="[270,412,1239,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aïn Aïssa</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC3D0FE46FB34" box="[452,484,1239,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C3D0FDE1FB34" box="[520,579,1239,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.990</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC3D0FD3CFB34" box="[610,670,1239,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.710</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C3D0FD5BFB34" box="[701,761,1239,1260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.830</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C3D0FC18FB34" box="[792,954,1239,1260]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.550 0.240</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C3D0FBAAFB34" box="[972,1032,1239,1260]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.310</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC3D0FBC1FB34" box="[1063,1123,1239,1260]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.855</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC3D0FB1CFB34" box="[1154,1214,1239,1260]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C3D0FAB8FB34" box="[1246,1306,1239,1260]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.775</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C3FBFAB8FAF4" box="[270,1306,1276,1324]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C3FBFE3EFAF4" box="[270,412,1276,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tizgui</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC3FBFE46FAF4" box="[452,484,1276,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C3FBFDE1FAF4" box="[520,579,1276,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.980 ±0.055</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC3FBFD3CFAF4" box="[610,670,1276,1324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.710 ±0.040</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C3FBFD5BFAF4" box="[701,761,1276,1324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.810 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C3FBFC18FAF4" box="[792,954,1276,1324]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.540 0.230 ±0.030 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C3FBFBAAFAF4" box="[972,1032,1276,1324]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.300 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC3FBFBC1FAF4" box="[1063,1123,1276,1324]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.885 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC3FBFB1CFAF4" box="[1154,1214,1276,1324]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C3FBFAB8FAF4" box="[1246,1306,1276,1324]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.765 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C23CFAB8FA88" box="[270,1306,1339,1360]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C23CFE3EFA88" box="[270,412,1339,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ras el Ma</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC23CFE46FA88" box="[452,484,1339,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C23CFDE1FA88" box="[520,579,1339,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.970</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC23CFD3CFA88" box="[610,670,1339,1360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.730</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C23CFD5BFA88" box="[701,761,1339,1360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.830</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C23CFC18FA88" box="[792,954,1339,1360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.530 0.220</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C23CFBAAFA88" box="[972,1032,1339,1360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.290</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC23CFBC1FA88" box="[1063,1123,1339,1360]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.880</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC23CFB1CFA88" box="[1154,1214,1339,1360]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.640</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C23CFAB8FA88" box="[1246,1306,1339,1360]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.760</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3591E95B336C267FAB8FA48" box="[270,1306,1376,1424]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76845DE3B3591E95B336C267FE3EFA48" box="[270,412,1376,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB359E16DB336C267FE8FFAAD" bold="true" box="[270,301,1376,1397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">All</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B3FCC267FE46FA48" box="[452,484,1376,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">109</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B030C267FDE1FA48" box="[520,579,1376,1424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.950 ±0.050</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B05AC267FD3CFA48" box="[610,670,1376,1424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.695 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B085C267FD5BFA48" box="[701,761,1376,1424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.795 ±0.035</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B120C267FC18FA48" box="[792,954,1376,1424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.530 0.225 ±0.025 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B1F4C267FBAAFA48" box="[972,1032,1376,1424]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.295 ±0.020</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B61FC267FBC1FA48" box="[1063,1123,1376,1424]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.875 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6BAC267FB1CFA48" box="[1154,1214,1376,1424]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.665 ±0.015</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3591E95B6E6C267FAB8FA48" box="[1246,1306,1376,1424]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.765 ±0.025</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB356E162B300C5D3FCDBF976" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B300C5D3FE16FD35" box="[312,436,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variability</emphasis>
: The worker caste generally exhibits much more intra­ and intercolonial variation in body size (see 
<tableCitation id="C6E70366B356E162B07DC5FBFD2EFCCE" box="[581,652,764,790]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[270,1306,486,1424]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and indices for workers of Strongylognathus afer Emery from different localities. n: number of specimens studied; ML: mesosoma length; HW: head width; HL: head length; SL: scape length; PW: petiolus width; PPW: postpetiolus width; CI: cephalic index: HW / HL; SI: scape index: SL / HL; PI: petiolar index: PW / PPW. All data given as mean ± standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF1A6655B359E16DB330C61CFE9BFE19">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
), head shape, surface sculpture and color than the investigated sexuals. At the lower altitude sites, specimens have been found to be comparatively large (Nefza, Béja) to medium­sized (Bouchegouf), lightly and uniformly colored, with the head sides relatively distinctly convex much as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB356E162B147C473FBACFC55" box="[895,1038,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destefanii">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B147C473FBACFC55" box="[895,1038,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. destefanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B356E162B627C473FBC7FC56" box="[1055,1125,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 ­ 6" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[349,1275,592,1601]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 ­ 6. Strongylognathus afer Emery, workers. 4, Head (frontal view) of worker from J. Gora’a (smallest specimen); 5, head (frontal view) of worker from Nefza (largest specimen); 6, petiolar nodes (dorsal view) of worker from Nefza (same as 5); scale bar mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168601/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, compare to Fig. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B356E162B330C49BFEE7FC6E" box="[264,325,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B397C49BFE4EFC6D" box="[431,492,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
1999). Two samples from around Le Kef are much like the one from Béja. Workers taken on J. Gora’a are darker and distinctly smaller on average, but show extreme size variation. Their heads usually display an entirely dark brown coloration contrasting with other body parts, and – mainly in small individuals – less distinctly convex sides (
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B356E162B36CC33BFE3FFB8E" box="[340,413,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 ­ 6" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[349,1275,592,1601]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 ­ 6. Strongylognathus afer Emery, workers. 4, Head (frontal view) of worker from J. Gora’a (smallest specimen); 5, head (frontal view) of worker from Nefza (largest specimen); 6, petiolar nodes (dorsal view) of worker from Nefza (same as 5); scale bar mm; drawings by A. Schulz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168601/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), thus superficially resembling 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB356E162B12CC33BFBE3FB8E" authority="Wheeler, 1909" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1909" box="[788,1089,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B12CC33BFC2BFB8D" box="[788,905,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. alpinus</emphasis>
Wheeler, 1909
</taxonomicName>
. Those from higher up in the Forêt de Kesra (which those from Souk­Ahras most strongly resemble) show heads not quite as dark and lighter on the sides than in the center, but color variability is very marked, some individuals being wholly yellowish­brown as at Nefza. However, Kesra workers are uniformly small in size. Unlike the other mountainous sites, the Algerian Teniet­el­Haad harbored the most lightly colored workers. Also, they are the smallest and very uniform. Some of the largest workers originate from the Moroccan High Atlas, having a slender appearance faintly recalling 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB356E162B109C253FC3DFAB5" box="[817,927,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B109C253FC3DFAB5" box="[817,927,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the narrowish mesosoma and in some instances a narrow head, but head shape as well as overall size are highly variable in this sample. Specimens from the Rif mountains show no noteworthy features. The single worker from the Saharian Atlas has the occipital corners more rounded than any other individual and shows some additional rugae on the postpetiolus but is otherwise much like specimens from northern 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB356E162B172C11BFC07F9EE" box="[842,933,1564,1590]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
. As regards variability in surface sculpture, intranidal variation appears to be more distinct than that among colonies or populations. Variation in propodeal spine development can even be intraindividual, as the left and right side differ considerably in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB356E162B300C1BBFED6F90D" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,372,1724,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B300C1BBFED6F90D" box="[312,372,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB356E162B300C1E3FBA0F926" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,1026,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB356E162B300C1E3FDA4F925" box="[312,518,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma length</emphasis>
(n=10): ML 1.570±0.055(1.500­1.660)mm
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB356E162B300C00BFA8FF896" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Known only from two probably separate samples from Le Kef, 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB356E162B672C00BFB07F8FE" box="[1098,1189,1804,1830]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
. Similar to female in size. Head slightly elongate with strong punctate­reticulate sculpture throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB357E163B330C61BFBA5FE0E" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Mesosoma with fine longitudinal rugosity above a microsculpture mainly along sutures, otherwise smooth and shining. Propodeum and petiolar nodes bearing strong punctatereticulate sculpture, propodeal teeth similarly variable as in females. Male genitalia have not been examined as yet, owing to the very limited number of specimens and the undetermined taxonomic value of this character in the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB357E163B155C6BBFBA1FE0E" box="[877,1027,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tetramoriini">Tetramoriini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A6655B357E163B330C3ECFBF7FA97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155527/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[270,1320,556,1228]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB357E163B330C3ECFBF7FA97" blockId="9.[264,1323,1259,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB357E163B330C3ECFE2AFADB" bold="true" box="[264,392,1259,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB357E163B070C3EBFC29FADB" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[584,907,1260,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB357E163B070C3EBFC9BFADB" box="[584,825,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
in northern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria. Squares: literature data; circles: new records. The location of Dir el Kef could not be ascertained, presumably this denomination refers to a mountainous site near Le Kef.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B357E161B330C288FB13FB7E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB357E163B330C288FD6CFA70" blockId="9.[264,1324,1423,1889]" box="[264,718,1423,1448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB357E163B330C288FD6CFA70" box="[264,718,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and habitat specifications</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB357E160B300C2B0FD0AFE0E" blockId="9.[264,1324,1423,1889]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The presented maps (
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B357E163B002C2B0FD2AFA09" box="[570,648,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[270,1320,556,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,553,1233]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Strongylognathus afer Emery in northern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria. Squares: literature data; circles: new records. The location of Dir el Kef could not be ascertained, presumably this denomination refers to a mountainous site near Le Kef." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155527/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B357E163B0A0C2B0FD04FA09" box="[664,678,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[271,1316,536,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,529,1177]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of Strongylognathus species in the western Mediterranean. Circles: S. afer Emery; Triangles: S. caeciliae 1 Forel; Squares: S. destefanii Emery; Diamonds: S. insularis Baroni Urbani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155528/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</figureCitation>
) show the hitherto known distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB357E163B699C2B0FE2EFA20" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB357E163B699C2B0FE2EFA20" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strongylognathus afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern Africa. Although the information available is still rather scanty, the nine recorded localities (six of them newly published here) from eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB357E163B662C100FB10F9F9" box="[1114,1202,1543,1569]" name="Algeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Algeria</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB357E163B6D3C100FE8AF991" name="Tunisia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B357E163B301C128FEDCF991" box="[313,382,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[270,1320,556,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,553,1233]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Strongylognathus afer Emery in northern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria. Squares: literature data; circles: new records. The location of Dir el Kef could not be ascertained, presumably this denomination refers to a mountainous site near Le Kef." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155527/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) indicate that the species inhabits a wide variety of climatically and ecologically different sites. Only one locality in each country is situated on the northern slope of the coastal mountain range, where a true mediterranean­humid climate with a mean annual precipitation (m.a.p.) of at least 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B357E163B0A2C1A0FCA1F919" box="[666,771,1703,1729]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000mm</quantity>
prevails. On the leeward side of the coastal mountain chain, Béja still exhibits a moderately humid climate (m.a.p. 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B357E163B67EC1C8FB06F931" box="[1094,1188,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="630.0">630mm</quantity>
). Along the coastal ranges, natural climax vegetation would be olive­pistachio forest (Olea­Lentiscetum) on the north slope and mediterranean oak forest on the southern side, but today only remnants have survived in limited areas. Due to the intense exploitation as agricultural and grazing land, the search for 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B068C61BFCBCFEED" box="[592,798,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B068C61BFCBCFEED" box="[592,798,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the coastal range proved challenging, and certainly the distribution of the species in that region is much more fragmented today than it was in former times. The colony discovered near Nefza had established its nest site at the margin of a small olive orchard, and in the surroundings, shrub vegetation mainly composed of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B34CC6BBFE6DFE0D" box="[372,463,444,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Genista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B34CC6BBFE6DFE0D" box="[372,463,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was predominant.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6655B354E160B330C3B3FEF8FACF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155528/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[271,1316,536,1175]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB354E160B330C3B3FEF8FACF" blockId="10.[264,1323,1204,1303]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B330C3B3FE21FB14" bold="true" box="[264,387,1204,1228]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B00CC3B2FD4DFB14" box="[564,751,1205,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B00CC3B2FD4DFB14" box="[564,751,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the western Mediterranean. Circles: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B6DDC3B2FEF0FB2D" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B6DDC3B2FA89FB14" box="[1253,1323,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. afer</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
; Triangles: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B3E8C3D9FDE9FB2D" box="[464,587,1246,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeciliae">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B3E8C3D9FDE9FB2D" box="[464,587,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. caeciliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1 Forel; Squares: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B13FC3D9FC79FB2D" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[775,987,1246,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destefanii">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B13FC3D9FC28FB2D" box="[775,906,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. destefanii</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
; Diamonds: 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B65AC3D9FEF8FACF" authority="Baroni Urbani." authorityName="Baroni Urbani." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B65AC3D9FB79FB2D" box="[1122,1243,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. insularis</emphasis>
Baroni Urbani.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB354E161B300C241FB50FE0E" blockId="10.[264,1324,1350,1776]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1325,284,1190]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
In contrast to the above­mentioned sites, regions farther inland in 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB354E160B67CC241FB3CFAB8" box="[1092,1182,1350,1376]" name="Tunisia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
, such as the Medjerda valley and the so­called High Tell are to be included in the mediterranean­semiarid bioclimate zone roughly delimited by the 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B354E160B11DC291FCDDFA68" box="[805,895,1430,1456]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="600.0">600mm</quantity>
isohyet (Gießner 1984). The 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B6E7C291FA88FA77" box="[1247,1322,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B6E7C291FA88FA77" box="[1247,1322,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records from the latter area (see 
<figureCitation id="135E2A58B354E160B0A1C2B9FD43FA00" box="[665,737,1470,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[270,1320,556,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,553,1233]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Strongylognathus afer Emery in northern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria. Squares: literature data; circles: new records. The location of Dir el Kef could not be ascertained, presumably this denomination refers to a mountainous site near Le Kef." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155527/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) stem from heights of 
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in prominent mountain ranges with somewhat higher humidity as well as lower winter temperatures. The single discovery in the corresponding part of 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB354E160B15CC109FC1EF9F0" box="[868,956,1550,1576]" name="Algeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(Forel 1890b) was made even higher up (though Forel's specification of 
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seems incorrect as peaks around Souk­ Ahras do not exceed 
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). Mean annual precipitation near the mountainous collecting sites ranges from 
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(Le Kef) to 
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(Souk­Ahras). Aleppo pine associations combined with maquis containing holm oak and juniper would be naturally occurring there, rarely also true oak forests in the most humid situations (Gießner 1984). However, the natural plant cover has been strongly degraded in many places by human influence. This applies in particular to the locality near Makthar, situated amidst grassy hillsides with limestone rocks heavily grazed by sheep and goats. In the nearby Forêt de Kesra, a colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B310C693FED7FE75" box="[296,373,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B310C693FED7FE75" box="[296,373,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found on a southwest facing slope in a deforested area used by livestock. In the Mts de Téboursouk near the radio tower on J. Gora’a some grazing occurred also.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E87E2AD3B354E160B300C032FBB2F8B4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB354E160B300C032FBB2F8B4" blockId="10.[312,1275,1845,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
1. Published localities only. One record from Marseille (Emery 1909), hitherto referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B6A6C030FB57F894" box="[1182,1269,1847,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B6A6C030FB57F894" box="[1182,1269,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is here tentatively alocated to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB354E160B06FC050FD64F8B4" box="[599,710,1879,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeciliae">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB354E160B06FC050FD64F8B4" box="[599,710,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. caeciliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after investigation of a / in IEGG
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB355E161B300C6E3FE60FBF6" blockId="11.[264,1325,284,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Two of the colonies reported by Cagniant (1970) were found in the central Algerian Massif de l'Ouarsenis at elevations above 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD54B355E161B0C1C50BFCE6FDFE" box="[761,836,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B355E161B0C1C50BFCE2FDFE" box="[761,832,524,550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
This part of the Atlas mountains is separated from the coastal range by the Chélif valley and immediately borders to the arid steppe zone in the south. Climatic conditions may be expected to resemble those in the Tunisian High Tell at the two localities close to Makthar (m.a.p. at Teniet­el­Haad 
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). Cagniant (1970) reported a holm oak maquis with juniper at 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B355E161B606C5ABFB23FD1E" box="[1086,1153,684,710]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
and a shrubby clearing in cedar­dominated wood at 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B355E161B084C5D3FCB3FD36" box="[700,785,724,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
. In the westernmost Algerian mountains, with the 
<typeStatus id="54DE887FB355E161B30BC5FBFEC7FCCE" box="[307,357,764,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B3D5C5FBFD06FCCE" authority="Dhaya" authorityName="Dhaya" box="[493,676,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B3D5C5FBFD98FCCD" box="[493,570,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. afer</emphasis>
(Dhaya)
</taxonomicName>
, generally drier conditions prevail and only the highest peaks may be comparable ecologically to the Massif de l'Ouarsenis. Surprisingly, another record has been obtained at this longitude even much farther to the south in the Saharian Atlas, beyond the very arid Hauts Plateaux. Particular environmental conditions evidently supported here, at least at the time of collecting, an open holm oak stand with juniper and olive trees in a steep­sided valley with permanent running water (Cagniant in litt.), even though at only slightly lower elevation at Aïn Sefra semi­desert conditions prevail (m.a.p. below 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B355E161B36FC313FE14FBF6" box="[343,438,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="200.0">200mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB355E161B300C33BFB13FB7E" blockId="11.[264,1325,284,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
According to Cagniant (in litt.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B085C33BFCAEFB8D" box="[701,780,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B085C33BFCAEFB8D" box="[701,780,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in the Moroccan High Atlas at 
<quantity id="4C9D9B38B355E161B330C363FEF8FBA6" box="[264,346,1124,1150]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
on a meadow with 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B071C363FD69FBA5" box="[585,715,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asphodilus</emphasis>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B10BC363FCDFFBA5" box="[819,893,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B10BC363FCDFFBA5" box="[819,893,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. along a creek, bordering an oak wood. No habitat information was availble for the locality in the Rif mountains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B355E166B330C3DBFBF2FE76" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB355E161B330C3DBFE45FB2D" blockId="11.[264,1325,1244,1867]" box="[264,487,1244,1269]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B330C3DBFE45FB2D" box="[264,487,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Allozyme variation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB355E161B300C206FE1BF923" blockId="11.[264,1325,1244,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
In view of the largely unresolved systematics of Palaearctic taxa in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B6F8C205FE9DFA9B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B6F8C205FE9DFA9B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the difficulties of species delimitation through worker morphology, a preliminary survey of the Tunisian 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B01AC255FD18FAB3" box="[546,698,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B01AC255FD18FAB3" box="[546,698,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna by allozyme electrophoresis was undertaken. Contrasting electromorphs at the 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B09DC27DFD73FA4B" box="[677,721,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gpi</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B0DDC27DFCAEFA4B" box="[741,780,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Idh</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B168C27DFCCDFA4B" box="[848,879,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pk</emphasis>
loci yielded the recognition of two clearly distinct species or species groups (
<tableCitation id="C6E70366B355E161B132C2A6FCF8FA63" box="[778,858,1441,1467]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[264,352,523,547]" captionTargetBox="[270,1298,692,912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Allozyme electrophoretic results for Tetramorium and Strongylognathus species from Tunisia and Italy at seven informative loci. Variants are assigned due to their migratorial velocity towards the anode from slow to fast in the order e, v, s, m, f, x, see also Tab. 4, p. 335 in Sanetra et al. (1999). n: number of colonies investigated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). Comparison with collection material identified these as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B3D5C2CDFC83FA3B" authority="Andre, 1883" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1883" box="[493,801,1481,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B3D5C2CDFD23FA3B" box="[493,641,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
André, 1883
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B159C2CDFB24FA3B" authority="Forel, 1904" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1904" box="[865,1158,1481,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B159C2CDFC4DFA3B" box="[865,1007,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. biskrense</emphasis>
Forel, 1904
</taxonomicName>
, corroborated also by electrophoretic data from elsewhere (Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B1B6C2F5FC6EF9D3" box="[910,972,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
1999, Sanetra &amp; Buschinger 2000, note that terminology of electromorphs is different in the latter paper). Interestingly, 18 of 21 colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B3C4C145FD2EF983" box="[508,652,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B3C4C145FD2EF983" box="[508,652,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were monomorphic at all loci studied (
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B665C145FB4CF983" box="[1117,1262,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B665C145FB4CF983" box="[1117,1262,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.l.) from other parts of the Mediterranean region are more variable), while enzyme polymorphism was high in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B3D5C195FDDAF973" box="[493,632,1682,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B3D5C195FDDAF973" box="[493,632,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. biskrense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two entities are also distinguishable by the morphology of sexuals and, though only subtly and often not convincingly, by different sculpture of the workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB355E166B300C00EFBF2FE76" blockId="11.[264,1325,1244,1867]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1324,284,430]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
As elaborated in Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B064C00DFD35F8FB" box="[604,663,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(1994, 1999), allozyme electrophoresis is not a valuable tool to distinguish species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB355E161B0E4C035FC08F893" box="[732,938,1842,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB355E161B0E4C035FC08F893" box="[732,938,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three investigated colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B311C61BFED4FEED" box="[297,374,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B311C61BFED4FEED" box="[297,374,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not differ from the usual pattern previously observed in other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B330C643FED0FE85" box="[264,370,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B330C643FED0FE85" box="[264,370,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group at the studied loci. At the 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0C9C643FCBFFE85" box="[753,797,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gpi</emphasis>
locus, only one allele common to all investigated species was found (
<tableCitation id="C6E70366B352E166B00FC66BFD21FE5E" box="[567,643,364,390]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[264,352,523,547]" captionTargetBox="[270,1298,692,912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Allozyme electrophoretic results for Tetramorium and Strongylognathus species from Tunisia and Italy at seven informative loci. Variants are assigned due to their migratorial velocity towards the anode from slow to fast in the order e, v, s, m, f, x, see also Tab. 4, p. 335 in Sanetra et al. (1999). n: number of colonies investigated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), whereas a second one was also present among six colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B367C693FE4CFE75" box="[351,494,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destefanii">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B367C693FE4CFE75" box="[351,494,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. destefanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB352E166B09AC693FD7AFE76" box="[674,728,404,430]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
studied in Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B180C693FC51FE75" box="[952,1011,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(1999).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6655B352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[270,1298,692,912]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E166B330C50CFD55FD57" blockId="12.[264,1323,523,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B330C50CFED5FDFB" bold="true" box="[264,375,523,547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Allozyme electrophoretic results for 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B121C50BFC03FDFB" box="[793,929,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B121C50BFC03FDFB" box="[793,929,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B1E4C50BFB35FDFB" box="[988,1175,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1E4C50BFB35FDFB" box="[988,1175,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Tunisia and Italy at seven informative loci. Variants are assigned due to their migratorial velocity towards the anode from slow to fast in the order 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B12CC556FC82FDB0" box="[788,800,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B116C556FC9AFDB0" box="[814,824,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B17EC556FCF2FDB0" box="[838,848,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B166C556FCD3FDB0" box="[862,881,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B147C556FC24FDB0" box="[895,902,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1ACC556FC02FDB0" box="[916,928,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x</emphasis>
, see also Tab. 4, p. 335 in Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B72FC556FE86FD57" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(1999). n: number of colonies investigated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E166B336C5B3FAAEFC48" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="F965C47DB3521E95B336C5B3FAB0FC48" box="[270,1298,692,912]" gridcols="9" gridrows="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C5B3FAB0FD11" box="[270,1298,692,713]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C5B3FE43FD11" box="[270,481,692,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Species/Locus</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C5B3FD2EFD11" box="[600,652,692,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B058C5B3FD26FD11" box="[608,644,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gpi</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC5B3FD54FD11" box="[693,758,692,713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B08DC5B3FD54FD11" box="[693,758,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G3pdh</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C5B3FCFBFD11" box="[800,857,692,713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B115C5B3FCEFFD11" box="[813,845,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Idh</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC5B3FC66FD11" box="[900,964,692,713]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1BCC5B3FC66FD11" box="[900,964,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mdh­1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C5B3FB89FD11" box="[1003,1067,692,713]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1D3C5B3FB89FD11" box="[1003,1067,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pgm­1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC5B3FB30FD11" box="[1106,1170,692,713]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B66AC5B3FB30FD11" box="[1106,1170,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pgm­2</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC5B3FB6DFD11" box="[1206,1231,692,713]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B68EC5B3FB6DFD11" box="[1206,1231,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pk</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C5B3FAB0FD11" box="[1274,1298,692,713]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C5DBFAB0FD29" box="[270,1298,732,753]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C5DBFE43FD29" box="[270,481,732,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B336C5DBFE7EFD29" authority="(Tunisia)" baseAuthorityName="Tunisia" box="[270,476,732,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B336C5DBFEDFFD29" box="[270,381,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. biskrense</emphasis>
(Tunisia)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C5DBFD2EFD29" box="[600,652,732,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B060C5DBFD2EFD29" box="[600,652,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e, f, x</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC5DBFD54FD29" box="[693,758,732,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0FFC5DBFD46FD29" box="[711,740,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C5DBFCFBFD29" box="[800,857,732,753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B118C5DBFCFBFD29" box="[800,857,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v, m, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC5DBFC66FD29" box="[900,964,732,753]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1A7C5DBFC0AFD29" box="[927,936,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C5DBFB89FD29" box="[1003,1067,732,753]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1C8C5DBFB87FD29" box="[1008,1061,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e, v, s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC5DBFB30FD29" box="[1106,1170,732,753]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B651C5DBFBD8FD29" box="[1129,1146,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC5DBFB6DFD29" box="[1206,1231,732,753]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B6F8C5DBFB65FD29" box="[1216,1223,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C5DBFAB0FD29" box="[1274,1298,732,753]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C404FAB0FCC1" box="[270,1298,771,793]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C404FE43FCC1" box="[270,481,771,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B336C403FE43FCC0" authority="(Tunisia)" baseAuthorityName="Tunisia" box="[270,481,771,793]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B336C403FE26FCC1" box="[270,388,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
(Tunisia)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C404FD2EFCC1" box="[600,652,771,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B054C403FDD5FCC1" box="[620,631,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC404FD54FCC1" box="[693,758,771,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0EAC403FD7BFCC1" box="[722,729,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C404FCFBFCC1" box="[800,857,771,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B100C403FCE3FCC1" box="[824,833,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC404FC66FCC1" box="[900,964,771,793]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1A7C403FC0AFCC1" box="[927,936,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C404FB89FCC1" box="[1003,1067,771,793]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1C4C403FBB8FCC1" box="[1020,1050,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v, s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC404FB30FCC1" box="[1106,1170,771,793]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B651C403FBD8FCC1" box="[1129,1146,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC404FB6DFCC1" box="[1206,1231,771,793]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B683C403FB6EFCC1" box="[1211,1228,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C404FAB0FCC1" box="[1274,1298,771,793]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C42CFAB0FC99" box="[270,1298,811,833]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C42CFE43FC99" box="[270,481,811,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B336C42BFE64FC98" authority="(Italy)" baseAuthorityName="Italy" box="[270,454,811,833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B336C42BFE26FC99" box="[270,388,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
(Italy)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C42CFD2EFC99" box="[600,652,811,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B05CC42BFDDCFC99" box="[612,638,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC42CFD54FC99" box="[693,758,811,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0EAC42BFD75FC99" box="[722,727,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C42CFCFBFC99" box="[800,857,811,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B117C42BFCEBFC99" box="[815,841,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC42CFC66FC99" box="[900,964,811,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1A7C42BFC05FC99" box="[927,935,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C42CFB89FC99" box="[1003,1067,811,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1D5C42BFB8AFC99" box="[1005,1064,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">v, s, m</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC42CFB30FC99" box="[1106,1170,811,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B658C42BFB21FC99" box="[1120,1155,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC42CFB6DFC99" box="[1206,1231,811,833]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B683C42BFB69FC99" box="[1211,1227,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C42CFAB0FC99" box="[1274,1298,811,833]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C454FAB0FCB0" box="[270,1298,851,872]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C454FE43FCB0" box="[270,481,851,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B336C454FE08FCB0" authority="(Tunisia)" baseAuthorityName="Tunisia" box="[270,426,851,872]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B336C454FEEFFCB0" box="[270,333,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
(Tunisia)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C454FD2EFCB0" box="[600,652,851,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B056C454FDD7FCB0" box="[622,629,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC454FD54FCB0" box="[693,758,851,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0EAC454FD7BFCB0" box="[722,729,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C454FCFBFCB0" box="[800,857,851,872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B101C454FCE2FCB0" box="[825,832,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC454FC66FCB0" box="[900,964,851,872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1A7C454FC0AFCB0" box="[927,936,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C454FB89FCB0" box="[1003,1067,851,872]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B63EC454FBADFCB0" box="[1030,1039,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC454FB30FCB0" box="[1106,1170,851,872]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B657C454FBD4FCB0" box="[1135,1142,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC454FB6DFCB0" box="[1206,1231,851,872]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B687C454FB6AFCB0" box="[1215,1224,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C454FAB0FCB0" box="[1274,1298,851,872]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555349FB3521E95B336C47CFAB0FC48" box="[270,1298,891,912]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76845DE3B3521E95B336C47CFE43FC48" box="[270,481,891,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B336C47CFE67FC48" authority="(Italy)" baseAuthorityName="Italy" box="[270,453,891,912]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destefanii">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B336C47CFE26FC48" box="[270,388,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. destefanii</emphasis>
(Italy)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B060C47CFD2EFC48" box="[600,652,891,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B058C47CFD26FC48" box="[608,644,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">m, f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B08DC47CFD54FC48" box="[693,758,891,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0EAC47CFD7BFC48" box="[722,729,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B118C47CFCFBFC48" box="[800,857,891,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B101C47CFCE2FC48" box="[825,832,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1BCC47CFC66FC48" box="[900,964,891,912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1A7C47CFC0AFC48" box="[927,936,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B1D3C47CFB89FC48" box="[1003,1067,891,912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B63EC47CFBADFC48" box="[1030,1039,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B66AC47CFB30FC48" box="[1106,1170,891,912]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B657C47CFBD4FC48" box="[1135,1142,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B68EC47CFB6DFC48" box="[1206,1231,891,912]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B687C47CFB6AFC48" box="[1215,1224,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">s</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76845DE3B3521E95B6C2C47CFAB0FC48" box="[1274,1298,891,912]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37F6556B352E167B330C4F6FEC2F896" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E166B330C4F6FE3EFBD2" blockId="12.[264,1324,1009,1874]" box="[264,412,1009,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B330C4F6FE3EFBD2" box="[264,412,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Host species</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E166B300C31FFD66FA32" blockId="12.[264,1324,1009,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B355C31EFDA7FBEA" box="[365,517,1049,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B355C31EFDA7FBEA" box="[365,517,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies found infested with 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B158C31EFC0EFBEA" box="[864,940,1049,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B158C31EFC0EFBEA" box="[864,940,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contained no sexuals of the host species, as is to be expected for a dulotic social parasite (Buschinger 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B60EC346FBD0FB82" box="[1078,1138,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
1980). Electrophoretic investigation, however, identified 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B132C36EFB82FB5A" box="[778,1056,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B132C36EFB82FB5A" box="[778,1056,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for latest attempts to define the species see Sanetra 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B055C396FD0BFB72" box="[621,681,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
1999, and Cagniant 1997 for North Africa) as the sole host species in the three 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B009C3BEFD22FB0A" box="[561,640,1209,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B009C3BEFD22FB0A" box="[561,640,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies studied. In non­parasitized host colonies, single queens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B3BAC3E6FDB6FB22" box="[386,532,1249,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B3BAC3E6FDB6FB22" box="[386,532,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were regularly discovered at the time of collection in early spring, hence monogyny can be assumed. A polygynous colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B1FBC20EFB54FAFA" authority="Santschi, 1918" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1918" box="[963,1270,1288,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurum">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1FBC20EFBE0FAFA" box="[963,1090,1289,1314]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. maurum</emphasis>
Santschi, 1918
</taxonomicName>
was found at Jebel Gora’a in proximity to a 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B0DFC236FC17FA92" box="[743,949,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0DFC236FC17FA92" box="[743,949,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colony. This 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B661C236FB53FA92" box="[1113,1265,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B661C236FB53FA92" box="[1113,1265,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, described from Le Kef, exhibits somewhat enlarged petiolar nodes in females, whilst workers are at present morphologically indistinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B1C8C286FB22FA42" box="[1008,1152,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1C8C286FB22FA42" box="[1008,1152,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B6A8C286FAADFA42" box="[1168,1295,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurum">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B6A8C286FAADFA42" box="[1168,1295,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. maurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also electrophoretically identical to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B08EC2AEFCEBFA1A" box="[694,841,1449,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B08EC2AEFCEBFA1A" box="[694,841,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the loci studied and may constitute a polygynous form of the latter species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E166B300C2FEFDCAF8DA" blockId="12.[264,1324,1009,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B300C2FEFDEBF9CA" box="[312,585,1529,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B300C2FEFDEBF9CA" box="[312,585,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium biskrense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently does not occur in the more northerly part of the range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B348C126FE1FF9E2" box="[368,445,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B348C126FE1FF9E2" box="[368,445,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB352E166B3DAC127FD9FF9E2" box="[482,573,1568,1594]" name="Tunisia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
. However, near Makthar and in the Forêt de Kesra, it was found at the same sites where the slave­maker was detected. Nests of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B637C14EFBFCF9BA" box="[1039,1118,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B637C14EFBFCF9BA" box="[1039,1118,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B6A5C14EFA89F9BA" box="[1181,1323,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B6A5C14EFA89F9BA" box="[1181,1323,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. biskrense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were once found very close (1­2 metres) to one another. However, the suitability of the latter as host species has yet to be seen. The colony structure of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B1E6C19EFBCBF96A" box="[990,1129,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biskrense">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B1E6C19EFBCBF96A" box="[990,1129,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. biskrense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at least facultatively polygynous, since five to ten queens (status determined by dissection) were sometimes observed in a nest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB352E167B300C017FC61FE76" blockId="12.[264,1324,1009,1874]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The treatment of the Moroccan 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB352E166B0FCC016FCFEF8F2" box="[708,860,1809,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB352E166B0FCC016FCFEF8F2" box="[708,860,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna by Cagniant (1997) as well as results of an excursion to that country by us and others in 1995 revealed a greater species richness than in 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB353E167B3F3C61BFD87FEEE" box="[459,549,284,310]" name="Tunisia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
, with taxa delimitations even more difficult to understand. Based on one or a few workers each investigated morphologically, hosts of the colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B6E7C643FA88FE85" box="[1247,1322,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B6E7C643FA88FE85" box="[1247,1322,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB353E167B34BC66BFE42FE5E" box="[371,480,364,390]" name="Morocco" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, as well as those from 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB353E167B0D6C66BFCE4FE5E" box="[750,838,364,390]" name="Algeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(as already cited by Cagniant 1970), can apparently be assigned to a broadly conceived 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B114C693FC1EFE75" box="[812,956,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B114C693FC1EFE75" box="[812,956,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB353E167B330C6E3FDB7FE25" blockId="13.[264,1324,484,1870]" box="[264,533,484,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B330C6E3FDB7FE25" box="[264,533,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Slave raiding behavior</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB353E167B300C50BFCF5FC6E" blockId="13.[264,1324,484,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Three successful slave raids were observed in the laboratory, one by each of the three colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B3A0C533FE4AFD95" box="[408,488,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B3A0C533FE4AFD95" box="[408,488,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in 1997, of which two were queen­right. These raids were directed towards queen­right host colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B126C55BFB93FDAD" box="[798,1073,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B126C55BFB93FDAD" box="[798,1073,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB353E167B64FC55BFB70FDAE" box="[1143,1234,604,630]" name="Tunisia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
. On the other hand, in one experiment with the target colony consisting of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B62BC583FEEFFD1E" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B62BC583FB07FD45" box="[1043,1189,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. caespitum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F372764DB353E167B3AFC5ABFDA7FD1E" box="[407,517,684,710]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Germany</collectingCountry>
, also with its resident queen, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B1ACC5ABFBC0FD1D" box="[916,1122,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B1ACC5ABFBC0FD1D" box="[916,1122,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not able to conquer, though scouting and initial recruitment were observed. Raids lasted for one or two days, usually starting at dusk. Two of the raids began when the ants managed to surmount the partitioning wall during the night despite measures against this, and entered the part of the arena containing the target colony. At the next morning the raid was already in progress. Nevertheless, all constituent elements of typical raiding­behavior (see Buschinger 
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B374C49BFE25FC6D" box="[332,391,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
1980) could be documented for 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B13DC49BFCF2FC6D" box="[773,848,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B13DC49BFCF2FC6D" box="[773,848,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB353E167B300C4C3FB37FA9E" blockId="13.[264,1324,484,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
During the characteristic recruitment on pheromone trails (Sanetra &amp; Buschinger 1996), both 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B3AEC4EBFDC6FBDD" box="[406,612,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B3AEC4EBFDC6FBDD" box="[406,612,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their host workers were engaged in trail running, but the parasites alone seemed responsible for chemical signalling. 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B1D2C313FB20FBF5" box="[1002,1154,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B1D2C313FB20FBF5" box="[1002,1154,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
host workers were much involved in combat activities, the intensity of which strongly differed between individual raids. In some cases, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B0B4C363FCF8FBA5" box="[652,858,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B0B4C363FCF8FBA5" box="[652,858,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers successfully pierced the head capsules of defending 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B029C38BFD04FB7D" box="[529,678,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B029C38BFD04FB7D" box="[529,678,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with their saber­shaped mandibles. Often, though, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B330C3B3FE77FB15" box="[264,469,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B330C3B3FE77FB15" box="[264,469,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would behave passively towards foreign 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B1CEC3B3FB2CFB15" box="[1014,1166,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B1CEC3B3FB2CFB15" box="[1014,1166,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but almost always survived even vigorous attacks. After recruitment of more nestmates, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B6FFC3DBFEDEFAC5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B6FFC3DBFEDEFAC5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displayed peculiar behavioral patterns including quick running, threat with open mandibles and upright posture, obviously intimidating opponents in that way.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36DDB353E167B300C253FEC2F896" blockId="13.[264,1324,484,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
After having invaded the target colony, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B105C253FBA9FAB5" box="[829,1035,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B105C253FBA9FAB5" box="[829,1035,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
carried away brood and even adults from the foreign nest. Interestingly, the transportation of adult host workers, a behavior exceptional among slave­making ants, was recorded in high frequency during all slave raids observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B022C2CBFDC6FA3D" box="[538,612,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afer">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B022C2CBFDC6FA3D" box="[538,612,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. afer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Group recruitment occurred periodically in waves, alternating with periods of brood and adult transport. The duration of these periods varied from about one to three hours. The two experiments with queen­right 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B1CDC11BFB61F9ED" box="[1013,1219,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B1CDC11BFB61F9ED" box="[1013,1219,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies resulted in the death of the defeated host colony's queen. Unfortunately, it could not be definitely determined whether the queen was killed by the foreign 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B636C16BFB04F95D" box="[1038,1190,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B636C16BFB04F95D" box="[1038,1190,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetramorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers or by the slave­makers. In another instance the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B124C193FC0FF975" box="[796,941,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaeve">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B124C193FC0FF975" box="[796,941,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. semilaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
queen of the raided colony was adopted into the 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B3F6C1BBFD3EF90D" box="[462,668,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B3F6C1BBFD3EF90D" box="[462,668,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
society at the end of a slave raid and survived there for over half a year until culture was discontinued. It should be noted, however, that this 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D5EB353E167B330C00BFE74F8FD" box="[264,470,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911EACFB353E167B330C00BFE74F8FD" box="[264,470,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strongylognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colony had been deprived of its resident queen, presumably during collecting.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>