482 lines
67 KiB
XML
482 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="5FC87F9E9137BD094D1B026035AFD191" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275727" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e79f840-6ced-48b5-ab20-94992c6f0a88" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275727" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460160971924" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="West, Rick C. & Nunn, Steven C." docDate="2010" docId="03CC87B17658FFA29293F9A0FC3DD5E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02362p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFF5FFC9765DFFA89204FFFAFF92D456" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the tarantula spider genus Lyrognathus Pocock 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with notes on the Selenocosmiinae" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698235793967" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FE7704831F67C8480B0EA00C95D3435B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B29937CF3EC10DE036984A942F2D3F57">
|
||
<mods:title id="F0CA9D3BE6F8F6A20DEC8532C8FB780A">A taxonomic revision of the tarantula spider genus Lyrognathus Pocock 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with notes on the Selenocosmiinae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="82B98D59C20A415CC9339A30198B3C80" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6E53F7C2D0A7168F017BFFDCF0BDC54A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B111F26BDA4CF16BBF61183B21D8B7C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="09CDCA7B1C0487C17760B300A418C193">West, Rick C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3CC3C3305BE9ACB53F0A757408E7E3EB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5681EFA362E4046DF3A3503CB5A64590">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="73F29C7FE1424106DFCD7737466E2769">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7ED88F00EE158B83AB59E3DF1E3AE6D0">Nunn, Steven C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1F53F6C7A487AD94055446E77059CE74">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="DC3F5055DD848B4B85E871FAFE25D527" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="05A09E47A7757E35BABDAEDE5B4E5001">
|
||
<mods:title id="8D594F97E8DA2D672DD52D65CA3D0BB4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="63D8E1858E0F906E7C1DADD9A96936FB">
|
||
<mods:date id="478FCBE9BD89E5383E31D1DCF98E067E">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="37518F0DD14583699B0B09F2BC2B0098" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E0EDCA593F52A1A6D991EA13C8C16DC9">2362</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="76A41B6B2E9353D22B4ACC193E9B80DD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4F532563303A434D37A00AD1E83B67FC">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9669887A798FE498A482CD10BC9C9E34">43</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1A00C23904F93810F6434C1029ED8334">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F6C4E6E13472758BA60EBCEEFC79753A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275727</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7A68E4CDEAD35D0D3B4F892083D7677F" type="GBIF-Dataset">1e79f840-6ced-48b5-ab20-94992c6f0a88</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="16D28AEA949148E889DD4E230FA2359D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A964DB9C43F187F4F3D530D0FC42C2B0" type="Zenodo-Dep">275727</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CC87B17658FFA29293F9A0FC3DD5E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6210150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127654809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6210150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87B17658FFA29293F9A0FC3DD5E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87B17658FFA29293F9A0FC3DD5E1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7658FFAD9293F9A0FECAD2C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77658FFAD9293F9A0FDAED222" blockId="5.[151,572,1626,1687]" box="[151,572,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading id="D09281CB7658FFAD9293F9A0FDAED222" bold="true" box="[151,572,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247658FFAD9293F9A0FDAED222" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" authority="Pocock 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,572,1626,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD9293F9A0FDAED222" bold="true" box="[151,572,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD9293F9A0FE0BD222" bold="true" box="[151,409,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD93A4F9A0FDAED222" author="Pocock" box="[416,572,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77658FFAD9293F987FECAD2C1" blockId="5.[151,572,1626,1687]" box="[151,344,1661,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227658FFAD929BF987FE85D2C1" box="[159,279,1661,1687]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11" captionStartId-0="6.[151,269,1946,1970]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,270,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,493,1020]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1436,493,1020]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, female in life. 2. L. crotalus, male in life. Photos: J-M. Verdez." captionText-1="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." captionText-2="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, biotope, William Nagar, Meghalaya, India. 12. Detail of burrow entrance in open soil. Photos: J-M. Verdez." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/275730/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227658FFAD9327F987FEDDD2C1" box="[291,335,1661,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="38.[151,255,1297,1321]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,194,1276]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 114. Records of Lyrognathus species in Southeast Asia. C. Senescall" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275751/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">114</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7658FFAF9293F932FAE3D328" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77658FFAD9293F932FD62D289" blockId="5.[151,923,1736,1791]" box="[151,752,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511897658FFAD9293F932FD62D289" box="[151,752,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247658FFAD9293F932FDD1D289" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" authority="Pocock 1895: 175" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,579,1736,1759]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD9293F932FEEAD289" box="[151,376,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410B67658FFAD937BF932FDD1D289" author="Pocock" box="[383,579,1736,1759]" page="175" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1895">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD937BF932FD9FD289" author="Pocock" box="[383,525,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 175
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD904AF932FD7ED289" author="Platnick" box="[590,748,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History, available from http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html (accessed 30 June 2009)" type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77658FFAD9293F912FC09D2A9" blockId="5.[151,923,1736,1791]" box="[151,923,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511897658FFAD9293F912FC09D2A9" box="[151,923,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247658FFAD9293F912FDA9D2A9" ID-CoL="3WTQP" authority="Pocock 1900: 203" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,571,1768,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD9293F912FEE0D2A9" box="[151,370,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lyrognathus pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410B67658FFAD9373F912FDA9D2A9" author="Pocock" box="[375,571,1768,1791]" page="203" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1900">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD9373F912FD94D2A9" author="Pocock" box="[375,518,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida, London, 279 pp." type="book" year="1900">Pocock 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 203
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD9042F912FD76D2A9" author="Platnick" box="[582,740,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History, available from http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html (accessed 30 June 2009)" type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. New synonymy.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77658FFAD9293F8D7FBF0D33A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1837,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057658FFAD9293F8D7FF73D311" box="[151,225,1837,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD9293F8D7FF73D311" bold="true" box="[151,225,1837,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247658FFAD92F1F8D7FD38D311" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" authority="Pocock 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[245,682,1837,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57658FFAD92F1F8D7FE6FD310" box="[245,509,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567658FFAD9002F8D7FD38D311" author="Pocock" box="[518,682,1837,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057658FFAD9111F8D7FC17D311" box="[789,901,1837,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 1854.16, Assam State, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377658FFAD9751F8D7FA0AD311" box="[1365,1432,1837,1863]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NHM.—images and illustrations (R. Raven, A. Smith, V. von Wirth, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A662F765BFFAE9293F860FAD7D3E7" box="[151,1349,1946,1970]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275728/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1436,197,1922]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A7765BFFAE9293F860FAD7D3E7" blockId="6.[151,1349,1946,1970]" box="[151,1349,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765BFFAE9293F860FED0D3E4" bold="true" box="[151,322,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765BFFAE9360F860FD0FD3E7" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" authority="Pocock" authorityName="Pocock" box="[356,669,1946,1969]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765BFFAE9360F860FDD4D3E7" box="[356,582,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
Pocock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female in life. 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765BFFAE915AF860FC4AD3E7" box="[862,984,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765BFFAE915AF860FC46D3E7" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[862,980,1946,1969]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">L. crotalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male in life. Photos: J-M. Verdez.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A662F765AFFAF9293F983FC6CD346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A7765AFFAF9293F983FC6CD346" blockId="7.[151,1436,1657,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9293F983FEDAD2C7" bold="true" box="[151,328,1657,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 3–10</emphasis>
|
||
. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9375F983FE64D2C6" ID-CoL="5HTG" box="[369,502,1657,1680]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9375F983FE64D2C6" box="[369,502,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lyrognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9053F983FCB3D2C6" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" authority="Pocock" authorityName="Pocock" box="[599,801,1657,1680]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9053F983FD58D2C6" box="[599,714,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
Pocock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female habitus, dorsal view. 4.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9673F983FB7BD2C6" box="[1143,1257,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9673F983FB76D2C6" ID-CoL="3WTQP" box="[1143,1252,1657,1680]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">L. pugnax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9392F963FD83D2E6" box="[406,529,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9392F963FD9ED2E6" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[406,524,1689,1712]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">L. crotalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male embolus, prolateral view. 6.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9182F963FB92D2E6" box="[902,1024,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9182F963FC6ED2E6" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[902,1020,1689,1712]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">L. crotalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF92F6F943FEF4D286" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[242,358,1721,1744]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF92F6F943FEF4D286" box="[242,358,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9108F943FC12D286" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[780,896,1721,1744]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9108F943FC12D286" box="[780,896,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF9726F943FA07D286" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[1314,1429,1721,1744]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF9726F943FA07D286" box="[1314,1429,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF90CAF923FCD2D2A6" ID-CoL="3WTQJ" box="[718,832,1753,1776]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF90CAF923FCD2D2A6" box="[718,832,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10mm for 3, 4; 1mm for 5; 0.5mm for 6. Figs: 3–6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7–10, R. Raven.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A7765AFFAF92C0F8C5FAE3D328" blockId="7.[151,1438,1854,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF92C0F8C5FDEED30E" ID-CoL="3WTQP" authority="Pocock 1900" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[196,636,1854,1880]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF92C0F8C5FE5BD30E" box="[196,457,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lyrognathus pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B56765AFFAF93D6F8C4FDEED30E" author="Pocock" box="[466,636,1854,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida, London, 279 pp." type="book" year="1900">Pocock 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8805765AFFAF90EEF8C4FCCCD30E" box="[746,862,1854,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 1895.1.28.1, Shillong (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE515060765AFFAF9691F8C4FA9ED30E" box="[1173,1292,1854,1880]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="25.566668">25°34' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE515060765AFFAF971EF8C4FA1FD30E" box="[1306,1421,1854,1880]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="91.88333">91°53' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Meghalaya State, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727637765AFFAF9005F89EFDD2D328" box="[513,576,1892,1918]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NHM.—images, illustrations (A. Smith, V. von Wirth, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C765AFFA092C2F872FE3DD481" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A7765AFFAF92C2F872FA0FD3B8" blockId="7.[151,1438,1854,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF92C2F872FE03D3F4" bold="true" box="[198,401,1928,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D24765AFFAF939AF873FCDAD3F5" authority="Pocock 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[414,840,1929,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB5765AFFAF939AF873FD0ED3F4" box="[414,668,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B56765AFFAF90ACF873FCDAD3F5" author="Pocock" box="[680,840,1929,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female topotype, 0 9.10.7.36, North Khasi Hills (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE515060765AFFAF92A4F854FE99D39E" box="[160,267,1966,1992]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="25.566668">25°34' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE515060765AFFAF9312F854FEECD39E" box="[278,382,1966,1992]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="91.61667">91°37' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Meghalaya State, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727637765AFFAF90F8F854FCA9D39E" box="[764,827,1966,1992]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NHM.–illustrations (A. Smith, pers. comm.); male, 0 0 0 0 0 641, North Khasi Hills, Meghalaya State, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727637765AFFAF9178F82EFC2FD3B8" box="[892,957,2004,2030]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE62765AFFAF91CDF82EFBB0D3B8" box="[969,1058,2004,2030]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
.—illustrations (A. Smith, pers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA09293FF62FE3DD481" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
comm.);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D63FD2E7655FFA09307FF62FEC5D4E4" box="[259,343,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1853.54-11, Shillong, Meghalaya State, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377655FFA091E6FF62FBB0D4E4" box="[994,1058,152,178]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ZSL.—illustrations (A. Smith, pers. comm.)(new det.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7655FFA092C2FF18FCFAD5E1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C2FF18FCFAD5E1" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA092C2FF18FEADD4AA" bold="true" box="[198,319,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(females): Differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA090AEFF18FCAED4AD" box="[682,828,226,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA090AEFF18FCAED4AD" box="[682,828,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lyrognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the intercheliceral spines, not pegs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09768FF18FF25D574" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA0931DFEF2FE06D577" box="[281,404,264,289]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saltator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA0931DFEF2FE06D577" box="[281,404,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. saltator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and unilobular spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA0910FFEF2FCC6D574" box="[779,852,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA09603FEF2FB11D577" box="[1031,1155,264,289]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saltator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09603FEF2FB11D577" box="[1031,1155,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. saltator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having only 5 apical spines on metatarsi IV and highly incrassate tibia IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA0911CFED7FCF3D511" box="[792,865,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA09611FED7FB02D510" box="[1045,1168,301,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09611FED7FB02D510" box="[1045,1168,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. achilles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257CE7655FFA0969DFED7FB65D511" box="[1177,1271,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA0969DFED7FB65D511" bold="true" box="[1177,1271,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA09703FED7FAE2D510" box="[1287,1392,301,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09703FED7FAE2D510" box="[1287,1392,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257CE7655FFA0977DFED7FF5ED53A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA0977DFED7FF5ED53A" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA092D8FEA8FEFAD53D" box="[220,360,338,363]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lessunda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA092D8FEA8FEFAD53D" box="[220,360,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. lessunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257CE7655FFA09375FEA8FE41D53A" box="[369,467,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09375FEA8FE41D53A" bold="true" box="[369,467,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA09014FEA8FD0BD53D" box="[528,665,338,363]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09014FEA8FD0BD53D" box="[528,665,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having unilobular spermathecae, presence of intercheliceral spiniform setae (not pegs) and absence of retrolateral basomedial cheliceral spines. Leg formula length IV, I, II = III (41, 32, 27, 27) and width IV, III, I, II. Leg
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377655FFA090EFFE67FC83D5E1" box="[747,785,413,439]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">RF</collectingCountry>
|
||
~78.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A662F7655FFA09293FBEDFDF0D018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1435,493,1020]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA09293FBEDFDF0D018" blockId="8.[151,1435,1047,1102]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09293FBEDFECCD079" bold="true" box="[151,350,1047,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
|
||
11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA09399FBE2FD4BD078" authority="Pocock" authorityName="Pocock" box="[413,729,1047,1071]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA09399FBE2FD10D079" box="[413,642,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lyrognathus crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
Pocock
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, biotope, William Nagar, Meghalaya, India. 12. Detail of burrow entrance in open soil. Photos: J-M. Verdez.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7655FFA192C2FB86FD5CD794" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C2FB86FCD6D0C1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" box="[198,836,1148,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA092C2FB86FEF3D0C0" bold="true" box="[198,353,1148,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057655FFA093C2FB87FDBED0C1" box="[454,556,1149,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with body length: 26.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0FB58FC94D0EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" box="[196,774,1186,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Color (in life,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA0936FFB58FE3DD0EA" box="[363,431,1186,1212]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, female in life. 2. L. crotalus, male in life. Photos: J-M. Verdez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275728/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): entirely dark grey to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0FB3DFA8BD0B7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" box="[196,1305,1223,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09345FB3DFE14D0B7" box="[321,390,1223,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. 1. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, female in life. 2. L. crotalus, male in life. Photos: J-M. Verdez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275728/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): length 13.5, width 10.0. Fovea wide, procurved, deep, equal in width to OT.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0FB17FD1BD17A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eyes: AME, ALE, PLE, PME. Anterior row transverse, posterior row recurved. OT highest posteriorly behind AME, sloping gradually anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0FACDFE2FD197" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Chelicerae (left,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09394FACDFD9CD107" box="[400,526,1335,1361]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
): ectal lyrate region a series of strikers (>65) in 7 horizontal rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09746FACDFA1FD107" box="[1346,1421,1335,1361]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Strongest and longest strikers on lowest rows. Each striker needle-form. Teeth, 10,>50 basomesal teeth. Intercheliceral spines (>8) in tight cluster on basodorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA091DAFA78FBADD1CA" box="[990,1087,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retrolateral surface lacks basomedial spine cluster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0FA37FE11D291" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Maxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09344FA37FE19D1B1" box="[320,395,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): prolaterally plano-convex, anterior lobe well pronounced, many cuspules (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57655FFA0972FFA37FAADD1B0" box="[1323,1343,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">></emphasis>
|
||
120) on inner basoventral surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247655FFA093CEFA08FD92D25A" box="[458,512,1522,1548]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Selenocosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyra">Lyra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA0900BFA08FDC5D25A" box="[527,599,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): bacilliform rods (>155) form dense, ovoid patch on prolateral surface, lowest row with>26 bacillae, longest rods medially in lowest row. Rods distally paddle-shaped with medium to long shafts, largest rods lacking distal blades. At widest point, lyrate patch 11 rows deep with smallest rods dorsally. Posterior end of patch truncate but rounded, anterior end rounded. Immediately above maxillary suture>11 elongated spines on anterior margin, rows disordered. Labium: many small cuspules (>450) along anterior 1/4 surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0F928FD4ED3D7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sternum: saddle-form. Posteriorly between left and right coxae IV, border highly acuminate, lateral points slightly acuminate. Sigilla: 3 pairs (not including labio-sternal sigilla), posterior, large in size. Ovular, 1.5 of their length apart, 1.0–1.2 of their length from margin. Median pair, 1/2 size of posterior, similar in form and 0.6–0.7 of their length from margin. Anterior pair very small, somewhat obscured and border margin. Labiosternal sigilla largest of all, 1.2 times size of PSS.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77655FFA092C0F877FE3CD3A7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1148,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09309F877FE0ED3F1" box="[269,412,1933,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3, 4, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): formula (length); IV, I, II, III: (width); IV, III, I, II. Leg
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377655FFA09647F877FBFBD3F1" box="[1091,1129,1933,1959]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">RF</collectingCountry>
|
||
~78.05. Leg lengths: palp: 19, I: 32, II: 27, III: 27, IV: 41. Tib. IV with strong retrolateral villous setal fringe, proximally to distally uniform–entire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227655FFA09352F82DFE0FD3A7" box="[342,413,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FF62FE97D4AA" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scopulae: met. I–IV undivided, tar. I–II. undivided, tar. III partially divided proximally (by one row of sparse setae>5, nonexistent in distal 1/2), tar. IV divided by 2–3 rows of setae. Met. I–IV, covers full length ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FEF2FD9CD654" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Coxae: some small black thorns prolatero-dorsally, no thorns retrolaterally on I–IV. Coxae easily seen dorsally. Cox. I longest,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA193BDFED7FE4ED510" box="[441,476,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
1.3 times length of II. IV widest, as long as III, basally rectangular with rounded corners. Coxae with small ventral thorns prolaterally on I–IV. I–III ventrally with numerous long thick blunt setae proximally, pallid. No short black setae. IV with mixture of long thick blunt setae entirely, pallid intermixed with shorter thin pallid setae. Ventral surface of coxae I–IV gently sloping anteriorly. Retrolateral setation: I–III with median narrow light brush, IV entirely covered in short thin pallid setae. I–IV retrolaterally lack ventral ledge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FDF7FCECD6C1" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Trichobothria: on all tarsi basal filiform field slightly wider than clavate field, merges evenly. Clavates on tar. I in distal 1/2 (very dark), long filiforms only in basal 2/3, shorter filiforms intermixed with clavates distally. Clavate extent on tar. II–IV
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA19057FDA2FDE2D627" box="[595,624,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
I, in distal 1/2. Shorter filiforms for length. Short epitrichobothrial field on I shorter than clavates, increasing in length proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FD58FD65D6B4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spines: met. I with 1 DV, met. II with 1 DV, 1 DPV, 1 DRV, met. III with 2 DV, 1DPV, 1 DRV, 1 DD, 1 DPL and met. IV with 2 DV, 1DPV, 1 DRV, 1 DPD.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FD17FB10D751" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" box="[196,1154,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Claws: unarmed claws on all legs and palps. Reduced third claw absent on leg IV.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FCE8FBADD77A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" box="[196,1087,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA19343FCE8FE1DD77A" box="[327,399,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): ovular, elongated, yellow brown in alcohol, black in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FCC2FD5CD794" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA19342FCC2FE01D704" box="[326,403,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): spermathecae paired but not fused, unilobular apically, each lobe with mild apical rounded expansions, ovular in form, heavily sclerotized gradually transition to weakly sclerotized shafts proximally. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA1934AFC78FE46D7CD" box="[334,468,898,923]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA1934AFC78FE46D7CD" box="[334,468,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
topotype (09.10.7.36,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA190EAFC78FCA8D7CA" box="[750,826,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,211,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1425,194,1635]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. 3. Lyrognathus species. L. crotalus Pocock, female habitus, dorsal view. 4. L. pugnax, holotype female habitus, dorsal view. 5. L. crotalus, male embolus, prolateral view. 6. L. crotalus, paratype female spermathecae, dorsal view. 7. L. crotalus, holotype maxillae, prolateral view. 8. L. crotalus, holotype right tib. IV, dorsal view. 9. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, ectal view showing strikers. 10. L. crotalus, holotype chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm for 3, 4; 1 mm for 5; 0.5 mm for 6. Figs: 3 – 6: S. C. Nunn; Photos: 7 – 10, R. Raven." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), lobes bend slightly laterally and medially, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA19780FC78FF7FD797" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA19780FC78FF7FD797" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057654FFA192F0FC52FEC8D794" box="[244,346,936,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1895.1.28.1), lobes lack bend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7654FFA192C0FC37FBCBD1F1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FC37FC7CD0BA" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA192C0FC37FDC8D7B1" bold="true" box="[196,602,973,999]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA1906EFC37FD61D7B1" box="[618,755,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,493,1020]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,493,1020]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, biotope, William Nagar, Meghalaya, India. 12. Detail of burrow entrance in open soil. Photos: J-M. Verdez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA190FBFC37FCB9D7B1" box="[767,811,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="38.[151,255,1297,1321]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1276]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,194,1276]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 114. Records of Lyrognathus species in Southeast Asia. C. Senescall" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275751/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">114</figureCitation>
|
||
): Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057654FFA1964AFC37FB13D7B1" box="[1102,1153,973,999]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of Assam State and from Shillong, Meghalaya State with confirmed reports also throughout Meghalaya State to the south and west (S. Rafn, M. Siliwal and J-M. Verdez, pers. comm.). Assam State is located directly south of the Eastern Himalayas and shares borders with the countries of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377654FFA19100FBC7FCC8D001" box="[772,858,1085,1111]" name="Bhutan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377654FFA19191FBC7FBB6D001" box="[917,1060,1085,1111]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
. To the south of Assam State is Meghalaya State. About one-third of the small state of Meghalaya is heavily forested, the Sanskrit name itself translates in English to “The Abode of Clouds”. The spiders were widely distributed but common in partially shaded laterite roadside or trail embankments in open areas of bamboo and evergreen deciduous forest of the East Garo Hills, Meghalaya State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377654FFA19028FB28FDFAD0BA" box="[556,616,1234,1260]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
at elevations of 300–550 meters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0FB02FBCBD1F1" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA192C0FB02FED9D147" box="[196,331,1272,1297]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA192C0FB02FED9D147" box="[196,331,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
construct simple flare-mouthed tubular burrows, utilizing surrounding organic debris or vegetation around the mouth, on almost vertical embankments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A227654FFA19190FAE7FB8DD161" box="[916,1055,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,493,1020]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,493,1020]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11. Lyrognathus crotalus Pocock, biotope, William Nagar, Meghalaya, India. 12. Detail of burrow entrance in open soil. Photos: J-M. Verdez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult female burrows were Jshaped and entirely lined with silk, terminating in an enlarged chamber about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B427654FFA19641FAB8FB2ED10A" box="[1093,1212,1346,1372]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep. An ultimate male was found in a burrow in October, females were observed with egg sacs in February and young instars were observed in mid-April to early May (S. Rafn and J-M. Verdez, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F652C7654FFA292C2FA48FC3DD5E1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C2FA48FE74D234" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA192C2FA48FED0D19A" bold="true" box="[198,322,1458,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567654FFA1939AFA48FDDDD19A" author="Pocock" box="[414,591,1458,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA190D1FA49FCC5D19A" box="[725,855,1459,1484]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA190D1FA49FCC5D19A" box="[725,855,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he had putatively examined two specimens he identified belonging to that species, sent to the NHM in 1854 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567654FFA19169FA22FC69D1A4" author="Smith" box="[877,1019,1496,1522]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" refString="Smith, A. M. (1988) Lyrognathus robustus, a new species of theraphosid spider from Malaysia. British Tarantula Society Journal, 4 (2), 15 - 19." type="journal article" year="1988">Smith 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He discussed one (1854.16) as the ‘type’ in 1895, but neglected to mention the other (09.10.7.36). Although Pocock had putatively examined both specimens prior to his publication, the later specimen can only be considered a "topotype", i.e., of no formal nomenclatural status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77654FFA192C0F997FE0BD3E4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Siliwal (pers. comm.) noted significant variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA19160F997FC6AD2D0" box="[868,1016,1645,1670]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA19160F997FC6AD2D0" box="[868,1016,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lyrognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected in and around the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA192C6F969FED3D2FA" box="[194,321,1683,1708]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA192C6F969FED3D2FA" box="[194,321,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057654FFA1934CF968FEE8D2FA" box="[328,378,1682,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Guwahati City (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150607654FFA190A2F968FC83D2FA" box="[678,785,1682,1708]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="26.183332">26°11' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150607654FFA19119F968FC11D2FA" box="[797,899,1682,1708]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="91.75">91°45' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and Nameri National Park (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150607654FFA196DCF968FAD6D2FA" box="[1240,1348,1682,1708]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="26.95">26°57' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150607654FFA19754F968FF3ED284" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="92.75">92°45' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sonitpur District, Assam State, Northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37276377654FFA190B6F942FD60D284" box="[690,754,1720,1746]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Clypeus widths seem to vary in conspecifics, as does the partial division of tarsi III scopula previously thought diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA191C9F927FBDCD2A0" box="[973,1102,1757,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA191C9F927FBDCD2A0" box="[973,1102,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057654FFA1971BF927FACCD2A1" box="[1311,1374,1757,1783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
|
||
only vary in size (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA19335F8F9FE34D34A" box="[305,422,1795,1820]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA19335F8F9FE34D34A" box="[305,422,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly larger), the tarsi III scopula division and slight spermathecal variation. The spermathecal variation is minimal (in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA1909CF8D2FC8ED317" box="[664,796,1832,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA1909CF8D2FC8ED317" box="[664,796,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
topotype female 0 9.10.7.36, the spermathecae bend slightly laterally and medially, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247654FFA1903CF8B7FD21D330" box="[568,691,1869,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57654FFA1903CF8B7FD21D330" box="[568,691,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057654FFA190BFF8B7FCB4D331" box="[699,806,1869,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female, they do not), particularly considering both specimens were dry stored at the NHM for over 30 years before being placed into wet preservative and may therefore be distorted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A77657FFA292C2FF62FC3DD5E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
S. Rafn (pers. comm.) reported only spiders conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA2919DFF62FB85D4E7" box="[921,1047,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA2919DFF62FB85D4E7" box="[921,1047,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Shillong district (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057657FFA2970CFF62FAAED4E4" box="[1288,1340,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA292C5FF47FEAAD480" box="[193,312,189,214]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA292C5FF47FEAAD480" box="[193,312,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which show a blend between partially divided and undivided tarsi III scopula, but no distinct division between specimens collected. We consider that, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA29150FF18FC5BD4AD" box="[852,969,226,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA29150FF18FC5BD4AD" box="[852,969,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based only one (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057657FFA296A8FF18FB70D4AA" box="[1196,1250,226,252]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
) specimen with a reduced clypeus and minimal variation of tarsi III scopula division in comparison to sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA29718FEF2FA0ED577" box="[1308,1436,264,289]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA29718FEF2FA0ED577" box="[1308,1436,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE88057657FFA29293FED7FF4AD511" box="[151,216,301,327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA29312FED7FE1ED510" box="[278,396,301,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA29312FED7FE1ED510" box="[278,396,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly a large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA2905FFED7FD4BD510" box="[603,729,301,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA2905FFED7FD4BD510" box="[603,729,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with undivided tarsi III scopula and reduced clypeus. Prior to 1903, tarsal scopula division was considered of great taxonomic use (incorrectly considering juveniles: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567657FFA2933BFE82FD81D5C4" author="Guadanucci" box="[319,531,376,402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Guadanucci, J. P. L. (2005) Tarsal scopula significance in Ischnocolinae phylogenetics (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 33, 456 - 467." type="journal article" year="2005">Guadanucci 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), possibly explaining Pocock actions at that time. We, therefore, consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA29780FE82FE04D5E1" authority="Pocock 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA29780FE82FF64D5E0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. crotalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567657FFA292F9FE67FE04D5E1" author="Pocock" box="[253,406,413,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (6), 165 - 184." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D247657FFA29096FE67FC38D5E1" authority="Pocock 1900" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[658,938,413,439]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lyrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAB57657FFA29096FE67FC95D5E0" box="[658,775,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B567657FFA2910BFE67FC38D5E1" author="Pocock" box="[783,938,413,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida, London, 279 pp." type="book" year="1900">Pocock 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |