173 lines
19 KiB
XML
173 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="02B5C04088F36065D21D70E4E689931D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5169237" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5169237" ID-ZooBank="72D7076B-FB3E-442B-BD55-43342373ACE2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628275107358" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Janicki, Julia & Young, Daniel K." docDate="2017" docId="03CC87A2FF89FF902FA6EBEFA5E8F885" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0579.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2017 (579)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Euparius paganus Gyllenhal" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF5FFDAFF86FF9F2F66EA2DA048FF9F" masterDocTitle="Nemonychidae and Anthribidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699039053240" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="CED83E9D53F006C2A4362F0E1AC059D6">Nemonychidae and Anthribidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C1C45C51DA8DCD4EF1B3CD580D0E0E6E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E7AEC8F79C724C7960E7651EA27B8BFE">Janicki, Julia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="127AFDED1003C75F7CBD3732A591DA26" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A8A5C3D84EEFAA358DEDBCDC938C41B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80A956D951D2308AA64256EE024B8D8E">Young, Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C5E680ADCE5D94A63EF476D61E090FE3">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16C06B46CC39A1CBB74ED99E7BBB9C34">
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<mods:date id="285437E2E21CC7A3C9BBBD14D712CA61">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DE5114FCDB9747482A6BA55F8E0A6721">2017-10-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8D0CFBC805953432DB28E5BC39246D8">2017</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D7EF2FF48092BC05C3BEFEE4B91935A1">579</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="81253BE2054C54DBA59D2238736EB863">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="84D4299B683C3206F620757AB77D3A31" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5169237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5CF41B0B81A72A321204EE9C6041D3AA" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CC87A2FF89FF902FA6EBEFA5E8F885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87A2FF89FF902FA6EBEFA5E8F885" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87A2FF89FF902FA6EBEFA5E8F885" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF89FF902FA6EBEFA205FE46" box="[192,589,449,474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EBEFA205FE46" blockId="15.[192,681,449,538]" box="[192,589,449,474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D09281D8FF89FF902FA6EBEFA205FE46" bold="true" box="[192,589,449,474]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902FA6EBEFA205FE46" ID-CoL="3CJ4V" authority="Gyllenhal" authorityName="Gyllenhal" box="[192,589,449,474]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EBEFA205FE46" bold="true" box="[192,589,449,474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EBEFA1F7FE46" bold="true" box="[192,447,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Euparius paganus</emphasis>
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Gyllenhal
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF89FF902FA6EBCFA11BFE65" box="[192,339,482,506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EBCFA11BFE65" blockId="15.[192,681,449,538]" box="[192,339,482,506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135E2A31FF89FF902FAFEBCFA103FE65" box="[201,331,482,506]" captionStart="Figures 17–18" captionStartId="34.[192,288,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[287,1345,1099,1842]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 17–18. Euparius paganus Gyllenhal. 17) Habitus, lateral view. 18) Habitus, dorsal view. Figures 19–20. Piesocorynus mixtus LeConte. 19) Habitus, lateral view. 20) Habitus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169245/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 17–18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF89FF902FA6E82FA2E1FD85" box="[192,681,514,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6E82FA2E1FD85" blockId="15.[192,681,449,538]" box="[192,681,514,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75119AFF89FF902FA6E82FA2E1FD85" box="[192,681,514,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410A5FF89FF902FA6E82FA2EDFD85" author="Gyllenhal, L." box="[192,677,514,538]" page="142" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" year="1833">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902FA6E82FA2EDFD85" ID-CoL="3CJ4V" authority="Gyllenhal 1833: 142" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1833" box="[192,677,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6E82FA1EBFD86" box="[192,419,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Euparius paganus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF89FF902ECDE82FA2EDFD85" author="Gyllenhal, L." box="[427,677,514,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" refId="ref18889" refString="Gyllenhal, L. 1833. In: C. J. Schonherr (ed.). Genera et species curculionidum 1 (1). Roret, Paris. 381 p." type="book" year="1833">Gyllenhal 1833: 142</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF89FF902FA6E86CA5E8FC65" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6E86CA5E8FC65" blockId="15.[192,1441,577,1018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6E86CA123FDC6" bold="true" box="[192,363,577,601]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4C9D9B51FF89FF902EBFE86CA229FDC6" box="[473,609,577,601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.3">3.3–5.8mm</quantity>
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(head excluded). Body elongate. Integument dark reddish
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902A25E86FA504FDC5" bold="true" box="[1347,1356,578,602]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
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brown. Vestiture consisting of abundant, hair-like setae; setae on frons and rostrum light brown or white with a few light brown setae upper medially; setae on pronotum and elytra an intermix of light brown, dark brown and white, pronotal disc usually with two dark brown spots basal-laterally and one light brown patch basally; elytral disc with one large white patch anteriorly; interstriae with numerous patches. Rostrum prolonged, thick, thickness 0.2–0.3X rostral length. Frons convex, with prominent but weakly elevated median carina extending from epistomal margin to around middle of eyes. Eyes rounded, prominent. Antennae 11-segmented, distal three segments forming a conspicuous club. Pronotal width 1.1–1.2X length, widest basally; sides converging apically, emarginate basally; transverse carina basal, acute, lateral carina straight; pronotal hind angles rectangular with angles rounded off; disc convex, with medial and basal impressions, basal impression deep, median impression broad, weak, longitudinal; surface strongly punctate-reticulate, usually obscured by vestiture. Elytral length 1.6–1.7X width, broadly rounded apically; disc weakly impressed along suture and more distinctly impressed over declivity; striae with shallow, moderate to large punctures. Pygidium vertical, broadly rounded apically.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF89FF902FA6EE0CA5E8F885" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EE0CA2A2FB05" blockId="15.[192,1440,1057,1178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EE0CA107FBA6" bold="true" box="[192,335,1057,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902E32EE0FA27CFBA6" box="[340,564,1058,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902E32EE0FA27CFBA6" box="[340,564,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Euparius paganus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902C10EE0FA469FBA6" box="[886,1057,1058,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902C10EE0FA469FBA6" box="[886,1057,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. marmoreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the mesothoracic tibiae each having two narrow pale rings as opposed to one broad pale ring, pronotal hind angles rectangular with the angles rounded off, the straight lateral carina on the pronotum, rounder eyes, and by the smaller size:
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<quantity id="4C9D9B51FF89FF902F98EEACA1C5FB06" box="[254,397,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.3">3.3–5.8 mm</quantity>
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(as opposed to 5.5–7.0 mm).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EEEFA356FA25" blockId="15.[192,1440,1217,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EEEFA1D6FB46" bold="true" box="[192,414,1217,1242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Natural history.</emphasis>
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For many years this species was considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902B0DEEEFA551FB46" box="[1131,1305,1218,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902B0DEEEFA551FB46" box="[1131,1305,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. marmoreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF89FF902A41EEEFA145FB65" author="Valentine, B. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="41 - 85" refId="ref20511" refString="Valentine, B. D. 1960. The genera of the weevil family Anthribidae north of Mexico (Coleoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 86: 41 - 85." type="journal article" year="1960">Valentine (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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elevated it back to species level, noting the two species coexist over much of the eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3727624FF89FF902A2DEECFA146FA85" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">United States</collectingCountry>
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and occasionally are found in the same polypore fungi. Both species exhibit north-south geoclinal variation in their morphology, the greatest differences being between the northern
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902BDBEF0FA523FAA6" box="[1213,1387,1314,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902BDBEF0FA523FAA6" box="[1213,1387,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. marmoreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the southern
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902E07EF6FA1A1FAC6" box="[353,489,1346,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902E07EF6FA1A1FAC6" box="[353,489,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. paganus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the greatest similarity in the central range, with three suggested possible hybrid zones.
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902E09EF4FA21CFAE6" box="[367,596,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Euparius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902E09EF4FA21CFAE6" box="[367,596,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Euparius paganus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a specialist associated with the polypore fungus
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902BB1EF4FA53CFAE5" box="[1239,1396,1378,1402]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Irpex" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902BB1EF4FA53CFAE5" box="[1239,1396,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Irpex lacteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF89FF902FA6EFAFA108FA05" box="[192,320,1410,1434]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
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, larvae were found inside of dead branches infested with
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902B62EFAFA43AFA05" box="[1028,1138,1410,1434]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Irpex" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902B62EFAFA447FA06" box="[1028,1039,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">I</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902B7BEFAFA43AFA05" box="[1053,1138,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">lacteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and adults were reared from these branches, emerging late April to May.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EFCFA509FA65" blockId="15.[192,1345,1506,1530]" box="[192,1345,1506,1530]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EFCFA112FA65" bold="true" box="[192,346,1506,1530]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Phenology.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF89FF902EE2EFCFA24CFA65" box="[388,516,1506,1530]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
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, adults have been collected April – August, with a peak May – July
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF89FF902FA6EC0CA5E8F885" blockId="15.[192,1440,1569,1818]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902FA6EC0CA19BF9A5" bold="true" box="[192,467,1569,1594]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Collecting methods.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF89FF902E9DEC0FA233F9A5" box="[507,635,1570,1594]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D63FD3DFF89FF902DE1EC0CA363F9A5" box="[647,811,1569,1594]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
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were examined during this study from 11 counties. This species is most commonly collected by beating dead branches of hardwood trees or dead logs that are infested with
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902EFEEC4FA24FF9E5" box="[408,519,1634,1658]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Irpex" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902EFEEC4FA24FF9E5" box="[408,519,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">I. lacteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or collected by hand by examining dead logs or branches that are infested with the same fungus. It has also been collected from flight-intercept traps, Malaise traps, light traps or simply at light, and
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<specimenCount id="9D63FD3DFF89FF902EBFEC8FA236F925" box="[473,638,1698,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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was recorded from a
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902CE3EC8FA431F925" box="[901,1145,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Striacosta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albivosta">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902CE3EC8FA431F925" box="[901,1145,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Striacosta albivosta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pheromone baited trap. Specifically, it has been collected by beating braches of fallen dead oak log infested with
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902B9AECEFA522F945" box="[1276,1386,1730,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Irpex" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902B9AECEFA522F945" box="[1276,1386,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">I. lacteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by beating dead branches of black walnut infested with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF89FF902C3AECCFA381F965" box="[860,969,1762,1786]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Irpex" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lacteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF89FF902C3AECCFA381F965" box="[860,969,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">I. lacteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A series of specimens was reared from infested dead oak branches that were collected in April; adults emerged in May and lived until August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |