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<document id="C7D055E915F07CD892117976FE18FEF4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1303549" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631010" ID-ZooBank="5C7F80E0-0712-4159-9894-FABL8101E001" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616518506950" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Roehl, William R. &amp; Bailey-Brock, Julie H." docDate="2017" docId="03CB87F0FFFE297699A1B8FA0D7A1F51" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.15-16.843-852.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1303549" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Collastoma anderseni Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="849" masterDocId="FFF2FF88FFFC29719811BD5D094F1905" masterDocTitle="Collastoma anderseni sp. nov. (Rhabdocoela: Umagillidae: Collastominae), an endosymbiont from the intestine of the sipunculan Themiste lageniformis" masterLastPageNumber="852" masterPageNumber="843" pageNumber="844" updateTime="1698891815282" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="E751D2246B3326D6E0A556407824AEBA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C3C3911F02DF4769A60BF8B3F212DCB1">
<mods:title id="4E2B5AA6EB60FA0BE70C7B01DCEAE2FF">Collastoma anderseni sp. nov. (Rhabdocoela: Umagillidae: Collastominae), an endosymbiont from the intestine of the sipunculan Themiste lageniformis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="18B692672D8794A7E7C787969AABF3AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B891FD569AADE4C69C1935B2B30DB8E1">
<mods:roleTerm id="B16D5B6F55EFFAC0A8E49D4E1D6D552A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0FEA325447D68820E62385012ABB8C51">Roehl, William R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="777773827D0D6EF2A4E77EAC3FC7B966" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AF6E7F2B29F27FA777B9C22C9D495AF4">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA7F62E9AE308BC3DEFC1757E8756A90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9AA819DE7CA6E392063E2B0204056938">Bailey-Brock, Julie H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E34A01ED3D450D79B2A9BCDD0EFE0633">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A22EB021D7B605BF9DF42E4B0BA08A60" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="176BCC7B56EA9DD4BC7E1CAAC646BE2D">
<mods:title id="6B94A3ABBEE1A26F5887DB8C1127D4A0">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="32A9AB71FF5548127FA9D5E64F36022B">
<mods:date id="918E4CB62711FDC9FAFD17399597CA38">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1B23E48ADD152E32ED91802F6071BAA4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5141139FEDE6A72340267440F4FC4093">2017-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="351821F06C9D587D3452204110267E5B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="79D372A8808FDB07D479D4066E2B8E6B">51</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BB70C27479AEB852793F4B780CF16B68" type="issue">
<mods:number id="932830E12EF9BD0948682DBAC80FC9F0">15 - 16</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="81F1E366FB8FB73664477B4212CE8CBA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="70D36737E851E2517E281E1321871FF4">843</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F630D514B116EB29A15F5167C929F52C">852</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="742DEAEC198FC942BCCFCE3E76F4F913">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1303549</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="90FCA66AC9260028AB909270B7C2820A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="43AAD841A7696F85FF82B9CA39DE2F55" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2017.1303549</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EE6BC9C6D274D8E5C0C7E2AD51013BA9" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D3300AB849C7DF09303DC0AAAD992300" type="Zenodo-Dep">4631010</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3161BB4E54A40FC9DEA78C3BBC97D854" type="ZooBank">5C7F80E0-0712-4159-9894-FABL8101E001</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CB87F0FFFE297699A1B8FA0D7A1F51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87F0FFFE297699A1B8FA0D7A1F51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87F0FFFE297699A1B8FA0D7A1F51" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<subSubSection id="C378656DFFFE297399A1B8FA0A3B1CC4" box="[432,884,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297399A1B8FA0A3B1CC4" blockId="2.[415,900,1344,1508]" box="[432,884,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<heading id="D095818AFFFE297399A1B8FA0A3B1CC4" box="[432,884,1447,1473]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFFE297399A1B8FA0A451CC4" authority="Roehl" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[432,778,1447,1473]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297399A1B8FA0BF31CC4" bold="true" box="[432,700,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">Collastoma anderseni</emphasis>
Roehl
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225578FFFFE29739B06B8F50A3B1CC4" box="[791,884,1448,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378656DFFFE29739A54B8960B911CE1" box="[581,734,1483,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE29739A54B8960B911CE1" blockId="2.[415,900,1344,1508]" box="[581,734,1483,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
(
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFFE29739A5AB8960B981CE1" box="[587,727,1483,1508]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,1195,1218]" captionStartId-2="6.[160,225,1642,1665]" captionStartId-3="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetBox-1="[338,978,142,1164]" captionTargetBox-2="[258,1058,986,1611]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetId-1="figure-171@5.[338,978,142,1164]" captionTargetId-2="figure-324@6.[258,1058,986,1611]" captionTargetId-3="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." captionText-1="Figure 2. Photograph of preserved Collastoma anderseni holotype, dorsal view (20 ×), stained with Borax Carmine." captionText-2="Figure 3. Micrograph of a preserved specimen stained with Borax Carmine showing the organs surrounding the egg capsule, the seminal bursa, and their respective connections (40 ×). Cg: cement gland; ec: egg capsule; o: ovary; od: ovarian duct; sb: seminal bursa; sd: sperm duct; vd: vitelline duct." captionText-3="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631014" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631016" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4631014/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4631016/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
Figures 1
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE29739AABB8960B871CE1" box="[698,712,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">–</emphasis>
4
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378656DFFFE297798B1BB410D261BF6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="848" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297398B1BB41080A1F30" blockId="2.[160,729,1564,1727]" box="[160,325,1564,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297398B1BB41080A1F30" bold="true" box="[160,325,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297398B1BB620B751F52" blockId="2.[160,729,1564,1727]" box="[160,570,1599,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297398B1BB62084E1F52" box="[160,257,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFFE297398B1BB62084E1F52" box="[160,257,1599,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Whole mount, dorsal view
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297398B3BB3F08961F7F" blockId="2.[160,729,1564,1727]" box="[162,473,1634,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297398B3BB3F084C1F7F" box="[162,259,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFFE297398B3BB3F084C1F7F" box="[162,259,1634,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. length:
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFFE29739979BB3F08961F7F" box="[360,473,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" unit="mm" value="0.885">0.885 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297398B3BBD808871F98" blockId="2.[160,729,1564,1727]" box="[162,456,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297398B3BBD808061F98" box="[162,329,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFFE297398B3BBD8084C1F98" box="[162,259,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
width
</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFFE29739946BBD808871F98" box="[343,456,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.280 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFE297398B3BBFA0B961FBA" blockId="2.[160,729,1564,1727]" box="[162,729,1703,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFE297398B3BBFA08431FBA" box="[162,268,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="844">
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFFE297398B3BBFA08431FBA" box="[162,268,1703,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="844" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Whole mounts, dorsal and ventral view
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D666EFFFF297298B1BB490D001FA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="845" startId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" targetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFF297298B1BB490D001FA4" blockId="3.[160,1157,1556,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="845">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFF297298B1BB4909B31F2E" bold="true" box="[160,252,1556,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="845">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Depiction of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFFF29729997BB490B1A1F2E" authority="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock, 2017" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[390,597,1556,1579]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="845" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFF29729997BB490B1A1F2E" box="[390,597,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="845">Collastoma anderseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225578FFFFF29729A4CBB480BE21F29" box="[605,685,1557,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="845" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598B3BDD3089E19A3" blockId="4.[160,1156,142,305]" box="[162,465,142,166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598B3BDD3099C19A3" box="[162,211,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Host</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF8297598F0BDD3089E19A3" box="[225,465,142,166]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Themistidae" genus="Themiste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="lageniformis">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598F0BDD3089E19A3" box="[225,465,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Themiste lageniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598B3BDEC08F219CC" blockId="4.[160,1156,142,305]" box="[162,445,177,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598B3BDEC080119CC" box="[162,334,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Site of infection</emphasis>
. Intestine
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598B3BD8908321834" blockId="4.[160,1156,142,305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598B3BD8909BA19E9" box="[162,245,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Locality</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A6F804FFF829759912BD89080719E9" box="[259,328,212,236]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Hawai</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759959BD8E080119EE" box="[328,334,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">’</emphasis>
i, O
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759964BD8E083419EE" box="[373,379,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">’</emphasis>
ahu:
<collectingRegion id="49A6F804FFF8297599A2BD8908B719E9" box="[435,504,212,236]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Hawai</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297599E9BD8E08B219EE" box="[504,509,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">’</emphasis>
i Kai, intertidal zone;
<date id="FFDC1026FFF829759AFEBD890D6B19E9" box="[751,1060,212,236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" value="2016-01" valueMax="2016-02-31" valueMin="2016-01-00">January and February 2016</date>
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598B3BDAB085B180B" box="[162,276,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Etymology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF829759935BDAB0B5C180B" authority="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock, 2017" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[292,531,246,270]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759935BDAB0B5C180B" box="[292,531,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Collastoma anderseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225578FFFF829759A0EBDAB0B35180B" box="[543,634,246,270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is named after the late Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598B1BC030DCB1B88" blockId="4.[160,1156,350,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF8297598B1BC030B5A1872" bold="true" box="[160,533,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Full endosymbiont description.</emphasis>
The body shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF829759B01BC020D4F1872" authority="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock, 2017" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[784,1024,351,375]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759B01BC020D4F1872" box="[784,1024,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Collastoma anderseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225578FFFF829759C1DBC020D281872" box="[1036,1127,351,375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is ovoid and elongate with a thinner and tapering posterior end in live specimens. Body colour ranges from light pink in larger live specimens to translucent or opaque white in smaller living material. The pink colouration is similar to that of the sipunculan eggs and coelomic fluid observed in the body cavities of many individuals of the host
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF829759C33BCB709A51B20" class="Sipunculidea" family="Themistidae" genus="Themiste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="lageniformis">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759C33BCB709A51B20" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">T. lageniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Of the 25 live
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF82975998CBF500B6C1B20" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[413,547,525,549]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF82975998CBF500B6C1B20" box="[413,547,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">C. anderseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens measured, length ranged from
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFF829759C03BF500DCC1B20" box="[1042,1155,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" unit="mm" value="0.113">0.113 mm</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFF8297598D1BF72087D1B42" box="[192,306,559,583]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.24" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" unit="mm" value="0.924">0.924 mm</quantity>
and was on average
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFF829759A3ABF720BD31B42" box="[555,668,559,583]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.88" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" unit="mm" value="0.588">0.588 mm</quantity>
(± 0.21). Width of specimens ranged from
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFF8297598B1BF0F085D1B6F" box="[160,274,594,618]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" unit="mm" value="0.051">0.051 mm</quantity>
to
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and was on average
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFF829759AB9BF0F0A441B6F" box="[680,779,594,618]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
(± 0.605). The dorsal side of the body is completely covered in cilia and the ventral side appears to be partially ciliated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598AFBFCA0D231A3F" blockId="4.[160,1156,350,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">In the anterior region of the worm near the mouth are subdermal unpigmented spots. These spots may be eyespots or the remnants of such and are easily observed in live specimens under dissection microscopes. The mouth is circular and ventrally oriented, and connects directly to the gut sac via a short pharynx. The margins of the gut sac are difficult to visualise even when stained, and as such the shape is not described here.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1BE1908D31D4A" blockId="4.[160,1156,350,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
The single median testis, a defining characteristic of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF829759B85BE19082E1A7A" authority="(Stunkard and Corliss 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Stunkard and Corliss" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759B85BE190D401A59" box="[916,1039,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Collastoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B17FFF829759C0CBE1908171A7A" author="Stunkard HW &amp; Corliss JO" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" pagination="319 - 334" refId="ref4013" refString="Stunkard HW, Corliss JO. 1951. New species of Syndesmis and a revision of the family Umagillidae Wahl, 1910 (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela). Biol Bull. 101: 319 - 334." type="journal article" year="1951">Stunkard and Corliss 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, originates from the seminal vesicle and extends past the anterior ends of the vitellaria to terminate just posterior to the mouth. The testis is rounded and elongate with a slightly granular texture and extends along one- to two-thirds the length of the body (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759997BE9208AB1AE2" box="[390,484,975,999]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionTargetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). In live specimens, part of the length of the testis appears filamentous; this feature was not seen in the preserved specimens. The seminal vesicle is ovoid to bean shaped and connects the testis to the genital atrium via a thin tubular sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759923B96A08C01D4A" box="[306,399,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionTargetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B9070D7E1DDF" blockId="4.[160,1156,350,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
The paired vitellaria extend along the length of the worm and lie on either side of the testis. They extend anteriorly from a connection to the seminal bursa. The parallel
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759C04B9210D551D91" box="[1045,1050,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">‘</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED73AE23FFF829759C0BB9210D671D91" box="[1050,1064,1148,1172]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF829759C39B9210D611D91" box="[1064,1070,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">’</emphasis>
shaped vitellaria are key distinguishing features of this species and most specimens have a principal bifurcation which originates near the seminal bursa. Vitellaria have variable shapes:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B85A0B671C1A" blockId="4.[192,1155,1287,1554]" box="[192,552,1287,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
i. simple bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF8297599A3B85A0B541C1A" box="[434,539,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4a</figureCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B87708151C61" blockId="4.[192,1155,1287,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
ii. secondary bifurcations; these may occur along one or both of the primary branches (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF8297598F1B81108021C61" box="[224,333,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4b</figureCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B8320AC01C82" blockId="4.[192,1155,1287,1554]" box="[192,911,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
iii. incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759B06B8320ACA1C82" box="[791,901,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4c</figureCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B8CF0A071CC9" blockId="4.[192,1155,1287,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
iv. branch patterns in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759ADDB8E90A731CC9" box="[716,828,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4d</figureCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297598D1B88A0AB51F17" blockId="4.[192,1155,1287,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF8297598D1B88A085E1CEA" box="[192,273,1495,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" rank="variety" variety="large">v. large</taxonomicName>
secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759C1EB88A0D391CEA" box="[1039,1142,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4e</figureCitation>
); vi. incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club-like lobe (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759B99B8A70AA21F17" box="[904,1005,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-82@7.[178,1138,142,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 4f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF8297498D1BB6208521CAF" blockId="4.[160,1156,1599,1727]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1157,1322,1727]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="847" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">
Vitellaria may branch after the primary bifurcation as seen in the
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFF829759BB4BB620D461F52" box="[933,1033,1599,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF829759C08BB620D391F52" box="[1049,1142,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[338,978,142,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-171@5.[338,978,142,1164]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Photograph of preserved Collastoma anderseni holotype, dorsal view (20 ×), stained with Borax Carmine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631014/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="846">Figure 2</figureCitation>
): the
<typeStatus id="54D98844FFF8297598DDBB3F087F1F7F" box="[204,304,1634,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="846" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
displays branching pattern (ii) with the medial branches of each vitellarium bifurcating a second time. Branches farther towards the anterior end of the vitellaria tend to be short and most frequently occur along the anterior-most tips of the organ. The medial branch of each vitellarium tends to be longer than its distal counterpart. In live samples, branches were not observed to terminate facing the posterior end of the animal. Ducts which presumably connect the vitellaria to the gut were observed in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D666EFFF9297498B1B9F608771DDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631014/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="847" startId="5.[160,225,1195,1218]" targetBox="[338,978,142,1164]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF9297498B1B9F608771DDA" blockId="5.[160,1155,1194,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF9297498B1B9F609B31DC7" bold="true" box="[160,252,1195,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Photograph of preserved
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFF929749A17B9F70B9A1DC4" authorityName="Roehl &amp; Bailey-Brock" authorityYear="2017" box="[518,725,1194,1217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="847" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderseni">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF929749A17B9F70B9A1DC4" box="[518,725,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">Collastoma anderseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype, dorsal view (20 ×), stained with Borax Carmine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFF9297798D1B8E80D4D180B" blockId="5.[160,1157,1322,1727]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,142,755]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="848" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">
Connections between the vitellaria, ovaries and seminal bursa can be hard to distinguish, and it is not clear whether these organs are connected by a duct or by attachment muscles. The egg capsule and uterus, which are positioned dorsal to the seminal bursa, often obscure these features. The vitellaria appear to attach to the seminal bursa through a thin filament at the caudal base of the
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF929749984BB6208D51F52" box="[405,410,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">‘</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED73AE23FFF92974998BBB6208E61F52" box="[410,425,1599,1623]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="847" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFF9297499B8BB6208E01F52" box="[425,431,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">’</emphasis>
shape. A direct connection between the vitellaria and the adjacent ovary is sometimes observed and is termed the ovarian-vitelline connection (ov. in
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFF929749C32BB3F0D341F7F" box="[1059,1147,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionTargetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="847">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) for the purposes of this work. The paired ovaries are distal to the seminal bursa and often caudal to the vitellaria; however, in some preserved specimens ovaries may lie between and parallel to the vitellaria and the body wall. Each ovary connects to the seminal bursa and is filled with large visibly nucleated egg cells; egg cells increase in size with proximity to the ovarian ducts. The seminal bursa lies ventral to the egg capsule and is a round chamber which is sometimes filled with moving filaments of what is presumably sperm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFA297798D1BC440A1A1B43" blockId="6.[160,1156,142,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">
The seminal bursa connects to a tube which leads to the genital atrium (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFFA29779BFABC440D091834" box="[1003,1094,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionTargetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). The sperm duct connects to a dorsal region of the genital atrium. The uterus connects to the length of the genital atrium between the genital pore and the sperm duct. Within the uterus of mature specimens, an egg capsule is present. The egg capsule is yellow to orange in both live and stained specimens, and appears chitinous (
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFFA29779B9EBCF90AA418B9" box="[911,1003,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[258,1058,986,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-324@6.[258,1058,986,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Micrograph of a preserved specimen stained with Borax Carmine showing the organs surrounding the egg capsule, the seminal bursa, and their respective connections (40 ×). Cg: cement gland; ec: egg capsule; o: ovary; od: ovarian duct; sb: seminal bursa; sd: sperm duct; vd: vitelline duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631016/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Attached to the caudal end of the egg capsule is an attachment filament which bifurcates into two loosely coiled strands. These strands may overlap, or in some specimens they are two distinct bundles which sit in a region anterior to the genital pore. The genital pore is a small opening that looks to be somewhat ventrally oriented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFA297798D1BF0C0D261BF6" blockId="6.[160,1156,142,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">
On either side of the genital atrium, between the egg capsule filament bundles and posterior to the egg capsule, are the cement glands. The cement glands stain a dark pink and have a feathery and fan-like appearance. What appear to be shell glands were also observed in some live specimens (omitted in
<figureCitation id="13592A63FFFA29779AEABFE40A131BD4" box="[763,860,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1556,1579]" captionTargetBox="[262,1052,147,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[258,1058,142,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Depiction of Collastoma anderseni sp. nov.: dorsal view of entire body viewed under light microscope (40 ×), shell glands and gut omitted. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ec, egg capsule; ecf, egg-capsule filament; ga, genital atrium; gp, genital pore; m, mouth; o, ovary; od, ovarian duct; ov, ovarian-vitelline connection; ph, pharynx; sb, seminal bursa; sd, sperm duct; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; us, unpigmented spots; vit, vitellaria; vd, vitelline duct; vo, vitellaria opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631012/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) when examined from a ventral view; shell glands appeared ventral to and on either side of the egg capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378656DFFFA297698B1BE680D7A1F51" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFA297698B1BE6808291CCF" blockId="6.[160,1155,821,916]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1156,1423,1620]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFA297798B1BE6808C01A4B" bold="true" box="[160,399,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Description of host.</emphasis>
Host
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFFA297799CFBE6B0B9F1A4B" box="[478,720,822,846]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Themistidae" genus="Themiste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="lageniformis">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFA297799CFBE6B0B9F1A4B" box="[478,720,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Themiste lageniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranged in length from
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to
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFFA297798B1BE04085F1A74" box="[160,272,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.714" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" unit="mm" value="27.14">27.14 mm</quantity>
and were on average
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFFA29779A1CBE040B321A74" box="[525,637,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.587" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" unit="mm" value="15.87">15.87 mm</quantity>
(± 5.44) long and
<quantity id="4C9A9B03FFFA29779B5CBE040AE01A74" box="[845,943,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" unit="mm" value="4.84">4.84 mm</quantity>
(± 1.51) wide. Live worms were beige to whitish, lacked hooks on the introvert, and had the species-specific purple to dark blue pigment band at the anterior end of the introvert just before the tentacular crown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D666EFFFA297798B1BB370D361FB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631016/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="848" startId="6.[160,225,1642,1665]" targetBox="[258,1058,986,1611]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFA297798B1BB370D361FB9" blockId="6.[160,1156,1642,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFA297798B1BB37084E1F84" bold="true" box="[160,257,1642,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="848">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Micrograph of a preserved specimen stained with Borax Carmine showing the organs surrounding the egg capsule, the seminal bursa, and their respective connections (40 ×). Cg: cement gland; ec: egg capsule; o: ovary; od: ovarian duct; sb: seminal bursa; sd: sperm duct; vd: vitelline duct.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1D666EFFFB297698B1B9820B441C69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4631018/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="849" startId="7.[160,225,1247,1270]" targetBox="[178,1137,142,1216]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFB297698B1B9820B441C69" blockId="7.[160,1155,1247,1388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFB297698B1B982084F1DF3" bold="true" box="[160,256,1247,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="849">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Vitellaria shapes: (a) simple bifurcation; (b) secondary bifurcations along the primary branches; (c) incomplete secondary bifurcation of one branch; (d) branch in which a secondary bifurcation has occurred and the secondary branches have twisted around each other; (e) large secondary bifurcation resulting in an overall trifurcated appearance; (f) incomplete secondary bifurcation yielding a club like lobe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36E6FFFB297698AFB8890D7A1F51" blockId="7.[160,1156,1423,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="849">
Nineteen of the 21 sipunculans collected had the new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFFB29769B80B8890D461CE9" baseAuthorityName="Stunkard and Corliss" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[913,1033,1492,1516]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Umagillidae" genus="Collastoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="849" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFB29769B80B8890D461CE9" box="[913,1033,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="849">Collastoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the gut. The number of parasites in infested hosts ranged from 1 to as many as 21 worms. The average number of parasites per host was 7.04 (± 5.72). Nematodes were also observed in the guts of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D65FFFB29769935BB61088D1F51" box="[292,450,1596,1620]" class="Sipunculidea" family="Themistidae" genus="Themiste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="849" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="lageniformis">
<emphasis id="B916EAF4FFFB29769935BB61088D1F51" box="[292,450,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="849">T. lageniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, many of which were alive upon dissection of the host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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