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<document id="157D0E4B1B05E1ADDE2B7DA06CE561FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina &amp; Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares okokewae Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="E30271E40414A58F78D22729C3E31C9A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="EC0389F02CC6C7E7B1C2B6ECC40CD673">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7F23EEE8679EB042C598411A8CE3CAD4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8535D66A0CB6E2751B198931F5D135B5">
<mods:roleTerm id="82D4E8F0172BE6BDF0745DB1D14A987E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6AC9730556A36E7D501DC2900646B24B">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A36AFA1EAD395BA1AB0DCD97E0BA45C9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C6F33424B928225D92E90F0549BDF869">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E5B1D99BC36AF9219329628769A1926F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F18CA91357533C177B6FEB0C36D5EC7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3D8E64F517950CD2875B744FC0553D9C">
<mods:date id="4EAD04494850BFB87D62A9C6ABF25044">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="53B4687C30D179DC2DCBAAC58C285379">2019-07-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7C22D11116CB7D996C0823E972338F97">4638</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="965C8EB0DE81DA4829B76C5274F107B8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AAE17F088D98826C47F85AE4014BBFE6" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6849EB9456739D00983857E4F24CB755" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F7EF4C9F5D3E0D2EED483A2485BD277B" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ED4AB3278D9AEEE021A30595F4E74203" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C6191B2562901C39CC0CA40C96906A7" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335260</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF7BFE5BFE48FE5F" box="[151,476,394,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFE48FE5F" blockId="34.[151,476,394,456]" box="[151,476,394,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D095819CFFBEF963FF7BFE5BFE48FE5F" bold="true" box="[151,476,394,421]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFE48FE5F" bold="true" box="[151,476,394,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFEE3FE5F" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,375,394,421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okokewae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFEE3FE5F" bold="true" box="[151,375,394,421]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Penares okokewae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FE93FE5BFE48FE5F" box="[383,476,395,421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF7BFE7EFE11FE32" box="[151,389,430,456]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF7BFE7EFE11FE32" blockId="34.[151,476,394,456]" box="[151,389,430,456]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
(
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FF4CFE7EFE89FE32" box="[160,285,430,456]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 27" captionStart-1="FIGURE 28" captionStart-2="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionStartId-1="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionStartId-2="37.[151,250,943,968]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetBox-2="[477,1114,180,927]" captionTargetId-0="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId-2="figure@37.[469,1119,174,931]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionTargetPageId-2="37" captionText-0="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." captionText-1="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." captionText-2="FIGURE 29. Distribution of P. okokewae sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3335296/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 27–29</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFBEF963FEC4FE7EFEE8FE32" box="[296,380,430,456]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,239,1296,1320]" captionTargetBox="[166,1255,1404,1611]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares okokewae sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea;" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Table 9</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF7BFE25FB82FDA2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF7BFE25FE64FDCE" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFBEF963FE7FFE26FE64FDCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830342" collectingDate="1999-04-26" collectingDateMax="48-10-12" collectingDateMin="1999-04-26" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="5" latitude="-36.141" location="Okokewa Island" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="175.307" municipality="Hauraki Gulf" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FE7FFE26FD94FDEA" bold="true" box="[403,512,502,528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FE7FFE26FD94FDEA" box="[403,512,502,528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FDECFE27FD8DFDEA" box="[512,537,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">—</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFBEF963FDF4FE26FDF4FDEA" box="[536,608,502,528]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFBEF963FD81FE26FD55FDEA" box="[621,705,502,528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="48-10-12">
<date id="FFDC1030FFBEF963FD81FE26FD55FDEA" box="[621,705,502,528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="48-10-12">101248</date>
</collectingDate>
(0CDN 6810-M),
<location id="8EBD602BFFBEF963FC4FFE26FBF6FDEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800:8EBD602BFFBEF963FC4FFE26FBF6FDEA" box="[931,1122,502,528]" latitude="-36.141" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="175.307" municipality="Hauraki Gulf" name="Okokewa Island" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Okokewa Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB9AC8AFFBEF963FB9FFE26FA84FDEA" box="[1139,1296,502,528]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hauraki Gulf</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFBEF963FACDFE26FA03FDEA" box="[1313,1431,502,528]" degrees="36.141" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="55" value="-36.141">36.141° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFBEF963FF7BFDC9FE83FDCF" box="[151,279,537,565]" degrees="175.307" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="55" value="175.307">175.307° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFBEF963FECFFDC9FEC4FDCF" box="[291,336,537,565]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="5.0">
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FECFFDC9FEC4FDCF" box="[291,336,537,565]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFBEF963FEB0FDCAFE7FFDCE" box="[348,491,538,564]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1999-04-26">
<date id="FFDC1030FFBEF963FEB0FDCAFE7FFDCE" box="[348,491,538,564]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1999-04-26">26 Apr 1999</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFDEEFB82FDA2" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" box="[199,1046,573,601]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFBEF963FF2BFDEEFB86FDA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830370" box="[199,1042,573,601]" county="Great Barrier Island" location="Okokewa Island" municipality="Port Abercrombie" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BFDEEFEF2FDA2" bold="true" box="[199,358,573,600]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FF2BFDEEFE96FDA2" box="[199,258,574,600]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EBD602BFFBEF963FE80FDEEFDB2FDA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFBEF963FF7BFE5BFBC8F800:8EBD602BFFBEF963FE80FDEEFDB2FDA2" box="[364,550,574,600]" county="Great Barrier Island" municipality="Port Abercrombie" name="Okokewa Island" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Okokewa Island</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB9AC8AFFBEF963FDB4FDEFFCB7FDA2" box="[600,803,574,601]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Port Abercrombie</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BC4E7CFFBEF963FCC2FDEEFB86FDA2" box="[814,1042,574,600]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Great Barrier Island</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF2BFDB1FD81FD5B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFDB1FD81FD5B" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BFDB1FEF5FD86" bold="true" box="[199,353,609,636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the type locality, Hauraki Gulf,
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBEF963FC78FDB3FBBDFD86" box="[916,1065,610,637]" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FBDBFDB2FB3CFD86" box="[1079,1192,610,636]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="37.[151,250,943,968]" captionTargetBox="[477,1114,180,927]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[469,1119,174,931]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 29. Distribution of P. okokewae sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335296/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 29</figureCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FB56FDB2FAB6FD86" box="[1210,1314,610,636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
was found on a rocky slope in a cave, at
<specimenCount id="9D64FD79FFBEF963FE0FFD55FD81FD5B" box="[483,533,645,673]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FE0FFD55FD85FD5B" box="[483,529,645,673]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF2BFD79FDCCF907" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFD79FCACFC82" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BFD79FECDFD3E" bold="true" box="[199,345,681,708]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description.</emphasis>
Morphology is thickly encrusting, forming broad, rounded lobes (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FBD5FD7AFB29FD3E" box="[1081,1213,682,708]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27B</figureCitation>
). Dimensions of the
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FF7BFD1EFF6DFD12" box="[151,249,718,744]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FEC1FD1EFE18FD13" box="[301,396,718,745]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
wide ×
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FE00FD1EFDA9FD13" box="[492,573,718,745]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high. Texture is compressible and is easily torn. Surface is smooth, surface ‘skin’ thin, highly wrinkled in areas when preserved, smooth in life, very slightly sandpapery to the touch. Large oscules (
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FF10FCC6FEC8FCCB" box="[252,348,790,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
) are scattered over the surface of the sponge, often on the apices of lobes (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FB50FCC6FAB9FCCA" box="[1212,1325,790,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27</figureCitation>
A–C). No pores are present on the small piece of the
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FD9DFCEAFD47FCAE" box="[625,723,826,852]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
that was retained. Interior is fuzzy to the touch. Colour in life is cream, interior is tan. Colour in ethanol is beige throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFC51FABBFC3A" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BFC51FEA1FC66" bold="true" box="[199,309,897,924]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Cortical skeleton is around
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBEF963FD82FC51FD51FC67" box="[622,709,897,925]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
thick and consists of a dense layer of microxeas, on top of which is a dense layer of microrhabds. Microxeas and microrhabds are not aligned in any particular orientation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFC1AFE42FBAA" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Choanosomal skeleton contains a single layer of dichotriaenes that are aligned with their cladome at the cortex/ choanosome boundary (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FE4FFC3EFDCBFBF3" box="[419,607,1006,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27D &amp; E</figureCitation>
). Tight bundles of oxeas radiate out from the centre of the sponge (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FABDFC3EFF58FBD6" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27D</figureCitation>
). The choanosome is densely packed with large oxyasters (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FC8AFBC2FC7EFBD6" box="[870,1002,1042,1068]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1737,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,174,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol with several large oscules visible; B. Holotype in situ; C. Close up view of the oscules; D. Thin section showing the radial arrangement of megascleres; E. Thin section showing the triaenes position just under the cortex and the dense oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335292/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 27E</figureCitation>
). Microxeas are occasionally scattered throughout the choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BFB89FD3EFB1A" blockId="34.[151,1437,501,1249]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BFB89FEBDFB8E" bold="true" box="[199,297,1113,1140]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FED5FB8AFE3FFB8E" box="[313,427,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFBEF963FE54FB8AFD9AFB8E" box="[440,526,1114,1140]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,239,1296,1320]" captionTargetBox="[166,1255,1404,1611]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares okokewae sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea;" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Table 9</tableCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FDC9FB8AFD25FB8E" box="[549,689,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Megascleres</emphasis>
—oxeas (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FCF1FB8AFC36FB8E" box="[797,930,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28A</figureCitation>
) are very small and very slender; 702 (418– 909) × 13 (9–16) µm (n = 20). Dichotriaenes (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FD4DFBAEFCB7FB62" box="[673,803,1150,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28B</figureCitation>
) have a short rhabdome that is shorter than the cladome width; 307 (213–384) µm long × 471 (355–618) µm wide (n = 20). Deuteroclads are widely spread and curved towards the centre of each pair of deuteroclads.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D6678FFBEF963FF7BFAC0FAF4FA8A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[166,1255,1404,1611]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF7BFAC0FAF4FA8A" blockId="34.[151,1436,1296,1392]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF7BFAC0FE9EFAD2" bold="true" box="[151,266,1296,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FDAEFAC1FC9CFAD2" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[578,776,1296,1320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okokewae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FDAEFAC1FC9CFAD2" box="[578,776,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Penares okokewae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FCE3FAC0FCF1FAD2" box="[783,869,1296,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FCE3FAC0FCF1FAD2" bold="true" box="[783,869,1296,1320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maxi-mum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF4AFAACFDF2F9B1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<table id="F962C450FFBE06BEFF4AFAACFB73F9B1" box="[166,1255,1404,1611]" colsContinueFrom="33.[166,1280,297,504]" colsContinueIn="44.[166,1249,803,1010]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AFAACFB73FA6F" box="[166,1255,1404,1429]" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFF4AFAACFEADFA6F" box="[166,313,1404,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF4AFAACFE9AFA6F" bold="true" box="[166,270,1404,1429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFE83FAACFD72FA6F" box="[367,742,1404,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FE83FAADFE67FA6F" bold="true" box="[367,499,1405,1429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Megascleres</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFC61FAACFB73FA6F" box="[909,1255,1404,1429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FC61FAACFB82FA6F" bold="true" box="[909,1046,1404,1429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Microscleres</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AFA72FB73FA41" box="[166,1255,1442,1467]" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFF4AFA72FEADFA41" box="[166,313,1442,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">NIWA 101248</th>
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFE83FA72FD72FA41" box="[367,742,1442,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">OX: 702 (418–909) × 13 (9–16) (20)</td>
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFC61FA72FB73FA41" box="[909,1255,1442,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MOX: 62 (34–104) × 5 (3–7) (20)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AFA16FB73FA25" box="[166,1255,1478,1503]" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFF4AFA16FEADFA25" box="[166,313,1478,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">holotype</th>
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFE83FA16FD72FA25" box="[367,742,1478,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D: 307 (213–384) (20)</td>
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFC61FA16FB73FA25" box="[909,1255,1478,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MR: 15 (6–26) × 3 (2–4) (20)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AFA3AFB73F9F9" box="[166,1255,1514,1539]" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFE83FA3AFD72F9F9" box="[367,742,1514,1539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">DP: 97 (61–130) (20)</td>
<td id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFC61FA3AFB73F9F9" box="[909,1255,1514,1539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">O: 32 (25–50) (20)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AF9DEFB73F9DD" box="[166,1255,1550,1575]" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFF4AF9DEFB73F9DD" box="[166,1255,1550,1575]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">DD: 144 (86–209) (20)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355234B2FFBE06BEFF4AF9E2FB73F9B1" box="[166,1255,1586,1611]" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76835DCEFFBE06BEFF4AF9E2FB73F9B1" box="[166,1255,1586,1611]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">DC: 471 (355–618) (20)</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BF9A7FDCCF907" blockId="34.[151,1437,1655,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BF9A7FEC3F96B" box="[199,343,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Microscleres</emphasis>
—microxeas (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FE1AF9A7FDEDF96B" box="[502,633,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28C</figureCitation>
) curved or straight, slightly centrotylote; 62 (34–104) × 5 (3–7) µm (n = 20). Oxyasters (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FE8CF94BFE76F94F" box="[352,482,1691,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28E</figureCitation>
), moderately large with several smooth, relatively stout, conical rays; 32 (25–50) µm in diameter (n = 20). Microrhabds (
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBEF963FDC9F96FFD3FF923" box="[549,683,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1419,174,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 28. Penares okokewae sp. nov., holotype NIWA 101248: A. Oxea; B. Dichotriaenes; C. Microxeas; D. Microrhabds; E. Oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335294/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 28D</figureCitation>
), very small and straight with bluntly rounded tips, slightly centro- tylote; 15 (6–26) × 3 (2–4) µm (n = 20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF2BF8D8FF77F8BF" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BF8D8FF77F8BF" blockId="34.[151,1437,1655,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BF8D8FEDAF8D8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1800,1826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFBEF963FDE2F8D8FDAAF8D8" box="[526,574,1800,1826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
locality of this species, Okokewa Island, off Port Abercrombie, Great Barrier Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBEF963FF2BF880FBC8F800" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBEF963FF2BF880FBC8F800" blockId="34.[151,1437,1655,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF2BF880FEAFF890" bold="true" box="[199,315,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
The possession of oxyasters, microrhabds and microxeas differentiates
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FB82F880FB6DF893" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1134,1273,1871,1897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okokewae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FB82F880FB6DF893" box="[1134,1273,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. okokewae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FAEEF880FAC9F890" box="[1282,1373,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FAEEF880FAC9F890" bold="true" box="[1282,1373,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the majority of
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBEF963FEA5F8A4FE74F877" box="[329,480,1907,1934]" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FE05F8A4FDDEF877" box="[489,586,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FE05F8A4FDD2F877" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[489,582,1908,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Penares</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FCA1F8A4FC58F877" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[845,972,1907,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FCA1F8A4FC58F877" box="[845,972,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. deformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FC38F8A4FBBBF874" box="[980,1071,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FC38F8A4FBBBF874" bold="true" box="[980,1071,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FBD3F8A4FB7FF877" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1087,1259,1907,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turmericolor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FBD3F8A4FB7FF877" box="[1087,1259,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. turmericolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FB1FF8A4FADAF874" box="[1267,1358,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FB1FF8A4FADAF874" bold="true" box="[1267,1358,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FA64F8A4FF76F84B" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aureus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FA64F8A4FF76F84B" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FF07F848FED1F848" box="[235,325,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FF07F848FED1F848" bold="true" box="[235,325,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FEA2F848FD87F84B" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[334,531,1943,1969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FEA2F848FD87F84B" box="[334,531,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Penares deformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FDF7F848FDE2F848" box="[539,630,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FDF7F848FDE2F848" bold="true" box="[539,630,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
possesses strongyloxeas and has larger oxyasters than
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FB0BF848FAE6F84B" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1255,1394,1943,1969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okokewae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FB0BF848FAE6F84B" box="[1255,1394,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. okokewae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FA97F848FF5CF82C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FA97F848FF5CF82C" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; while
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FEF3F86CFE5FF82F" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[287,459,1979,2005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turmericolor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FEF3F86CFE5FF82F" box="[287,459,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. turmericolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FE3FF86CFDBAF82C" box="[467,558,1980,2006]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FE3FF86CFDBAF82C" bold="true" box="[467,558,1980,2006]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FD8BF86CFD5BF82F" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[615,719,1980,2005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aureus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FD8BF86CFD5BF82F" box="[615,719,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FD34F86CFCA7F82C" box="[728,819,1980,2006]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FD34F86CFCA7F82C" bold="true" box="[728,819,1980,2006]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have smaller oxyasters but larger microrhabds than
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FA64F86CFE91F803" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okokewae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FA64F86CFE91F803" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. okokewae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBEF963FEE1F830FEF2F800" box="[269,358,2016,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FEE1F830FEF2F800" bold="true" box="[269,358,2016,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
None of the other South Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBEF963FD3AF830FCA5F803" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[726,817,2016,2041]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBEF963FD3AF830FCA5F803" box="[726,817,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Penares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species possess oxyasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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