469 lines
64 KiB
XML
469 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="2559095ECA73CF37D851AFE872E353E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares orbis Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F82E3D1B1A128321CD7305E537169C72">
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<mods:title id="5C824D6126F991BA98B6D0B31C312BAE">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F29C7F20805C0A2430AA691314AB3C94" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0DF93A3DE1B31B3941E6E21B170F0EE3">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A20835003BF7FE43F8BD5C188A93419A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7C5B7BDCEF1ED1AE6DCD32E1FD767B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A4BF957916B26F3062958085E821754">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC36B10DC0C582D1E702B7F29C7D29C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4696F440019FEABC2AE760327EB22846">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="200FC5F6082D85F010A0BC5E60D0D3A0">
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<mods:date id="3593F9C28D50FF810755F259B2B05E95">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="132370449BA699E5CEE164CF26B07D76">2019-07-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B196C3B4AD45B2E22E6CC36D6F54BF62" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8F94F4F4A61C9D1EE2111F09C6761F01">4638</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BEDC8C910077B4DAC4B5D672210B8065" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="00A4C7E809E0BB40F6A991F61EB516E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="595A49EA6AB7668B343856147258940A" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4EC961870CDE77D6F6EC98FE4EA52058" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B749EF28E8A7F67F4C1E3B51195D209" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF7BFA10FE36FA23" box="[151,418,1471,1498]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF7BFA10FE36FA23" blockId="37.[151,418,1471,1533]" box="[151,418,1471,1498]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="D095819CFFB9F964FF7BFA10FE36FA23" bold="true" box="[151,418,1471,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF7BFA10FE36FA23" bold="true" box="[151,418,1471,1498]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB9F964FF7BFA10FEA8FA20" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,316,1471,1498]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orbis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF7BFA10FEA8FA20" bold="true" box="[151,316,1471,1498]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Penares orbis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB9F964FEA8FA6FFE36FA23" box="[324,418,1471,1497]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF7BFA33FE07FA07" box="[151,403,1507,1533]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF7BFA33FE07FA07" blockId="37.[151,418,1471,1533]" box="[151,403,1507,1533]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB9F964FF4CFA33FE89FA07" box="[160,285,1507,1533]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 30" captionStart-1="FIGURE 31" captionStart-2="FIGURE 32" captionStart-3="FIGURE 33" captionStartId-0="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" captionStartId-1="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" captionStartId-2="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionStartId-3="41.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetBox-2="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetBox-3="[478,1114,1128,1874]" captionTargetId-0="figure@38.[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetId-1="figure@39.[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetId-2="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId-3="figure@41.[470,1118,1122,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="38" captionTargetPageId-1="39" captionTargetPageId-2="40" captionTargetPageId-3="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 30. Penares orbis sp. nov., NIWA 81653: A. NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge; C. A uniporal oscule; D. Uniporal pores." captionText-1="FIGURE 31. Penares orbis sp. nov.: A. Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643); B. Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643); C. Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486); D. Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643)." captionText-2="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." captionText-3="FIGURE 33. Distribution of P. orbis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3335304/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 30–33</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFB9F964FEC4FA33FE1EFA07" box="[296,394,1507,1533]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="41.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,297,1074]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares orbis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). TYLS = tylostyles; TYLST = tylostrongyles; OX = oxeas; D = dichotriaene rhabdome; DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea; SP = spheraster; SPH = spherule." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D6678FFB5F968FF7BFF49FCBAFEE7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF1D6678FFB5F968FF7BFF49FCBAFEE7">Table 10</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF7BF9FAFAFCF8E7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF7BF9FAFE42F903" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FE62F9FBFE61F993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830316" collectingDate="2012-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1135" latitude="-36.446" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.837" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 81643" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FE62F9FBFE6FF9BF" bold="true" box="[398,507,1579,1605]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB9F964FE62F9FBFE6FF9BF" box="[398,507,1579,1605]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FE17F9FCFD80F9BF" box="[507,532,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">—</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FDF8F9FBFD3AF9BF" box="[532,686,1579,1605]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 81643</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FD51F9FBFC91F9BF" box="[701,773,1579,1605]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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Stn TAN1206/40, Kermadec Ridge,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FB5FF9FBFAB2F9BF" box="[1203,1318,1579,1605]" degrees="36.446" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-36.446">36.446° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FADAF9FBFF3EF990" degrees="177.837" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="177.837">177.837° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FF54F99FFEC0F990" box="[184,340,1615,1642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1135.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1100.0">
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FF54F99FFEC0F990" box="[184,340,1615,1642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1135.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1170 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FE8EF99FFE61F993" box="[354,501,1615,1641]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">
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<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FE8EF99FFE61F993" box="[354,501,1615,1641]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">18 Apr 2012</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FDECF99FFCBEF993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830359" box="[512,810,1615,1641]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 81648" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB9F964FDECF99FFDECF993" box="[512,632,1615,1641]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FDECF99FFDECF993" bold="true" box="[512,632,1615,1641]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FD94F980FD05F993" box="[632,657,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">—</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FD7DF99FFCBEF993" box="[657,810,1615,1641]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 81648</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FCDBF99FFDF9F977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830320" collectingDate="2012-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1143" latitude="-36.452" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.846" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FCDBF99FFCEBF993" box="[823,895,1615,1641]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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Stn TAN1206/39, Kermadec Ridge,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FAC9F99EFA03F993" box="[1317,1431,1614,1641]" degrees="36.452" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-36.452">36.452° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FF7BF9A3FE8EF974" box="[151,282,1651,1678]" degrees="177.846" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="177.846">177.846° E</geoCoordinate>
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</elevation>
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FE3BF9A3FDF9F977" box="[471,621,1651,1677]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">
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<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FE3BF9A3FDF9F977" box="[471,621,1651,1677]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">18 Apr 2012</date>
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</collectingDate>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FD96F9A3FC81F977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830361" box="[634,789,1651,1677]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 62492" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FD96F9A3FC81F977" box="[634,789,1651,1677]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 62492</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FCCEF9A3FDA0F94B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830364" collectingDate="2011-03-04" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="838" latitude="-36.45" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-177.84" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FCCEF9A3FCFEF977" box="[802,874,1651,1677]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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Stn TAN1104/18, Hikurangi Plateau,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FAC8F9A2FA03F977" box="[1316,1431,1650,1677]" degrees="36.450" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-36.45">36.450° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FF7BF947FE8FF948" box="[151,283,1687,1714]" degrees="177.840" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-177.84">177.840° W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FECBF947FE33F948" box="[295,423,1687,1714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.379999999999999" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="8.36" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="838.0" valueMax="840.0" valueMin="836.0">
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FECBF947FE33F948" box="[295,423,1687,1714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.379999999999999" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="8.36" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="838.0" valueMax="840.0" valueMin="836.0">836–840 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FE5EF947FDA0F94B" box="[434,564,1687,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2011-03-04">
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<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FE5EF947FDA0F94B" box="[434,564,1687,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2011-03-04">4 Mar 2011</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FDD2F946FD63F94B" bold="true" box="[574,759,1686,1713]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FD10F947FC40F94B" box="[764,980,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Three Kings Ridge:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FC36F947FBE4F94B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830347" box="[986,1136,1687,1713]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 43892" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FC36F947FBE4F94B" box="[986,1136,1687,1713]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 43892</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FB96F947FD11F92F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830322" collectionCode="NZOI" collectorName="Stn" elevation="1179" latitude="-31.98" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="174.265" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FB96F947FB29F94B" box="[1146,1213,1687,1713]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NZOI</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="26975326FFB9F964FB2FF947FB7CF94B" box="[1219,1256,1687,1713]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stn</collectorName>
|
||
Z9025,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FAA8F947FF3CF92F" degrees="31.980" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-31.98">31.980° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FF5AF96AFEA3F92C" box="[182,311,1722,1750]" degrees="174.265" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="174.265">174.265° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FEA9F96BFE41F92C" box="[325,469,1723,1750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1785" metricValueMax="1.68" metricValueMin="0.677" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1178.5" valueMax="1680.0" valueMin="677.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FEA9F96BFE41F92C" box="[325,469,1723,1750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1785" metricValueMax="1.68" metricValueMin="0.677" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1178.5" valueMax="1680.0" valueMin="677.0">677–1680 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, date unknown
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FD7DF96BFCBEF92F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830378" box="[657,810,1723,1749]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 43894" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FD7DF96BFCBEF92F" box="[657,810,1723,1749]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 43894</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FCDAF96BFE45F903" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830354" collectingDate="1988-02-07" collectionCode="NZOI" collectorName="Stn U" elevation="406" latitude="-30.335" location="International Waters" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.993" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FCDAF96BFCEDF92F" box="[822,889,1723,1749]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NZOI</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="26975326FFB9F964FC6EF96BFC50F92F" box="[898,964,1722,1749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stn U</collectorName>
|
||
594,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FC11F96AFBFAF92F" box="[1021,1134,1722,1749]" degrees="30.335" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-30.335">30.335° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FB90F96BFB6FF92C" box="[1148,1275,1723,1750]" degrees="172.993" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="172.993">172.993° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EBD602BFFB9F964FAE7F96BFF7DF900" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05:8EBD602BFFB9F964FAE7F96BFF7DF900" latitude="-30.335" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.993" name="International Waters" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">International Waters</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FF10F90FFED1F900" box="[252,325,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="406.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FF10F90FFED1F900" box="[252,325,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="406.0">406 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FEBCF930FE45F903" box="[336,465,1759,1786]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1988-02-07">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FEBCF930FE45F903" box="[336,465,1759,1786]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1988-02-07">7 Feb 1988</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF2BF8D4FAFCF8E7" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" box="[199,1384,1794,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FF2BF8D4FD90F8E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830325" box="[199,516,1794,1822]" collectionCode="NIWA" location="Bay of Plenty" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 52486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6F812FFB9F964FF2BF8D4FECBF8E7" box="[199,351,1795,1821]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF2BF8D4FECBF8E7" box="[199,351,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bay of Plenty</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FE81F8D3FD90F8E7" box="[365,516,1794,1821]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 52486</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FDE3F8D3FAF1F8E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830315" box="[527,1381,1794,1822]" collectingDate="2004-11-16" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="638" latitude="-37.312" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.066" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FDE3F8D3FDC3F8E7" box="[527,599,1795,1821]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
|
||
Stn TAN0413/177,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FCD5F8D3FC3DF8E7" box="[825,937,1795,1821]" degrees="37.312" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-37.312">37.312° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FC5AF8D3FBA2F8E4" box="[950,1078,1795,1822]" degrees="177.066" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="177.066">177.066° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FBAEF8D2FB57F8E4" box="[1090,1219,1794,1822]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.375" metricValueMax="7.25" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="637.5" valueMax="725.0" valueMin="550.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FBAEF8D2FB57F8E4" box="[1090,1219,1794,1822]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.375" metricValueMax="7.25" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="637.5" valueMax="725.0" valueMin="550.0">550–725 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FB23F8D3FAF1F8E7" box="[1231,1381,1795,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2004-11-16">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FB23F8D3FAF1F8E7" box="[1231,1381,1795,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2004-11-16">16 Nov 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF2BF8F7FBEBF89F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF2BF8F7FBEBF89F" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF2BF8F7FE18F8BB" box="[199,396,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kermadec Ridge:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FE78F8F7FDB8F8BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830317" box="[404,556,1830,1857]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 81645" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FE78F8F7FDB8F8BB" box="[404,556,1830,1857]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 81645</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FDDBF8F7FA0CF8BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830307" box="[567,1432,1830,1858]" collectingDate="2012-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1143" latitude="-36.452" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.846" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FDDBF8F7FDEBF8BB" box="[567,639,1831,1857]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
|
||
Stn TAN1206/39,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FCB8F8F6FC50F8BB" box="[852,964,1830,1857]" degrees="36.452" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-36.452">36.452° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FC3DF8F7FBC6F8B8" box="[977,1106,1831,1858]" degrees="177.846" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="177.846">177.846° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FBB2F8F6FB68F8B8" box="[1118,1276,1830,1858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1425" metricValueMax="1.255" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1142.5" valueMax="1255.0" valueMin="1030.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FBB2F8F6FB68F8B8" box="[1118,1276,1830,1858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1425" metricValueMax="1.255" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1142.5" valueMax="1255.0" valueMin="1030.0">1030–1255 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FAE4F8F7FA0CF8BB" box="[1288,1432,1831,1857]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FAE4F8F7FA0CF8BB" box="[1288,1432,1831,1857]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-18">18 Apr 2012</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FF7BF89BFEBBF89F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830357" box="[151,303,1866,1893]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="NIWA 81653" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB9F964FF7BF89BFEBBF89F" box="[151,303,1866,1893]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 81653</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FED6F89BFBEFF89F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830350" box="[314,1147,1866,1894]" collectingDate="2012-04-24" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="856" latitude="-36.451" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.84" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB9F964FED6F89BFE16F89F" box="[314,386,1867,1893]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
|
||
Stn TAN1206/95,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FDB9F89AFD51F89F" box="[597,709,1866,1893]" degrees="36.451" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-36.451">36.451 °S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB9F964FD3EF89BFCC6F89F" box="[722,850,1867,1893]" degrees="177.840" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="177.84">177.840 °E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB9F964FCB2F89BFC4BF89C" box="[862,991,1867,1894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.559999999999999" metricValueMax="8.72" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="856.0" valueMax="872.0" valueMin="840.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FCB2F89BFC4BF89C" box="[862,991,1867,1894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.559999999999999" metricValueMax="8.72" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="856.0" valueMax="872.0" valueMin="840.0">840–872 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB9F964FC07F89BFBEFF89F" box="[1003,1147,1867,1893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-24">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFB9F964FC07F89BFBEFF89F" box="[1003,1147,1867,1893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-04-24">24 Apr 2012</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF2BF8BFFCD5F873" box="[199,833,1902,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF2BF8BFFCD5F873" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" box="[199,833,1902,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB9F964FF2BF8BFFCA9F873" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830360" box="[199,829,1902,1930]" country="New Zealand" location="Southern Kermadec Ridge" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF2BF8BFFEF2F873" bold="true" box="[199,358,1902,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB9F964FF2BF8BFFE96F873" box="[199,258,1903,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EBD602BFFB9F964FE80F8BFFD0CF873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFB9F966FF7BFA10FBA5FA05:8EBD602BFFB9F964FE80F8BFFD0CF873" box="[364,664,1903,1929]" country="New Zealand" name="Southern Kermadec Ridge" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Southern Kermadec Ridge</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFB9F964FD4FF8A0FCA9F873" box="[675,829,1903,1930]" name="New Zealand" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F964FF2BF842FBB7F857" box="[199,1059,1938,1966]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F964FF2BF842FBB7F857" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" box="[199,1059,1938,1966]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF2BF842FEF5F857" bold="true" box="[199,353,1938,1965]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Found in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFB9F964FD88F844FD6AF857" box="[612,766,1939,1966]" name="New Zealand" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FCE5F843FC02F854" box="[777,918,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.043" metricValueMax="1.68" metricValueMin="0.406" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1043.0" valueMax="1680.0" valueMin="406.0">406–1680 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB9F964FC48F843FB81F857" box="[932,1045,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[478,1114,1128,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[470,1118,1122,1884]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 33. Distribution of P. orbis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335304/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB9F967FF2BF866FDCAF804" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB9F967FF2BF866FC5BFEE5" blockId="37.[151,1437,1578,2038]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,153,539]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB9F964FF2BF866FECDF82B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1974,2001]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology is a small, amorphous sponge comprised of several lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB9F964FB69F867FA98F82B" box="[1157,1292,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 30. Penares orbis sp. nov., NIWA 81653: A. NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge; C. A uniporal oscule; D. Uniporal pores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 30A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB9F964FACCF867FA16F82B" box="[1312,1410,1975,2001]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is growing around dead coral branches. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB9F964FD9FF80BFD41F80F" box="[627,725,2011,2037]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FD1AF80BFCD2F80C" box="[758,838,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FC72F80BFC7AF80C" box="[926,1006,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB9F964FBA7F80AFB0EF80C" box="[1099,1178,2010,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Surface is crum- pled, uneven with irregular, shallow depressions all over the sponge, scratchy to the touch. A few large oscules, around
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBAF967FF00FF6DFEBAFF2D" box="[236,302,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, are present at the apex of the lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FCD6FF6DFC2BFF2D" box="[826,959,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 30. Penares orbis sp. nov., NIWA 81653: A. NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge; C. A uniporal oscule; D. Uniporal pores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 30C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very small, uniporal pores, not visible to the naked eye (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBAF967FED2FF30FE59FF01" box="[318,461,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="140.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="130.0">130–150 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), are densely scattered over the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FB5CFF31FAA2FF01" box="[1200,1334,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 30. Penares orbis sp. nov., NIWA 81653: A. NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge; C. A uniporal oscule; D. Uniporal pores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 30D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Texture is very hard, incompressible. Colour in ethanol is cream, interior is beige.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBAF967FF2BFEF8FC55FDE1" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FF2BFEF8FEA1FEB9" bold="true" box="[199,309,296,323]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical skeleton is
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBAF967FDF4FEF8FD32FEB9" box="[536,678,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="400.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="300.0">300–500 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick and consists of a densely packed layer of tangential microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FF73FE9DFEB3FE9D" box="[159,295,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 31. Penares orbis sp. nov.: A. Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643); B. Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643); C. Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486); D. Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 31A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Choanosomal skeleton has a layer of abundant dichotriaenes present, cladomes positioned extend beyond the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FDF6FEA1FD08FE71" box="[538,668,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[191,1395,553,1540]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 30. Penares orbis sp. nov., NIWA 81653: A. NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge; C. A uniporal oscule; D. Uniporal pores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 30B</figureCitation>
|
||
) as well as being positioned directly below the cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FAE7FEA1FA04FE71" box="[1291,1424,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 31. Penares orbis sp. nov.: A. Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643); B. Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643); C. Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486); D. Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spherasters are scattered in a band <
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFBAF967FDD7FE45FD00FE55" box="[571,660,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick just below the cortex/choanosome boundary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FB08FE45FAF3FE55" box="[1252,1383,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 31. Penares orbis sp. nov.: A. Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643); B. Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643); C. Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486); D. Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but are rarely present in the rest of the choanosome. Megascleres are a mixture of oxeas, tylostyles and tylostrongyles, which are present in the inner choanosome. Microxeas are very densely packed throughout the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FABDFE0DFF5FFDE1" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,174,1138]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 31. Penares orbis sp. nov.: A. Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643); B. Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643); C. Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486); D. Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 31D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small, round, spherules are scattered throughout the choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FFBAF967FF7BF9C0FB79F9B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335298/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1552,1577]" targetBox="[191,1395,553,1540]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBAF967FF7BF9C0FB79F9B6" blockId="38.[151,1436,1552,1613]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FF7BF9C0FE8BF9D3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1552,1577]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBAF967FEC8F9C2FE24F9D3" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[292,432,1553,1577]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orbis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FEC8F9C2FE24F9D3" box="[292,432,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Penares orbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBAF967FE5AF9C1FD91F9D3" box="[438,517,1553,1577]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FE5AF9C1FD91F9D3" bold="true" box="[438,517,1553,1577]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NIWA 81653:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FD48F9C0FD29F9D3" bold="true" box="[676,701,1552,1577]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A.</emphasis>
|
||
NIWA 81653 preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FBCAF9C1FBA9F9D3" bold="true" box="[1062,1085,1553,1577]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close view of the surface showing the triaene cladomes that protrude beyond the surface of the sponge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FCBEF9E4FCFEF9B7" bold="true" box="[850,874,1588,1613]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C.</emphasis>
|
||
A uniporal oscule;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FBC3F9E5FBDCF9B7" bold="true" box="[1071,1096,1589,1613]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Uniporal pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBAF967FF2BF9ABFA02F894" blockId="38.[151,1436,1659,2046]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FF2BF9ABFEBDF96C" bold="true" box="[199,297,1659,1686]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FED7F9ABFE3BF96C" box="[315,431,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFBAF967FE51F9ABFDB0F96C" box="[445,548,1659,1686]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="41.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,297,1074]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares orbis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). TYLS = tylostyles; TYLST = tylostrongyles; OX = oxeas; D = dichotriaene rhabdome; DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea; SP = spheraster; SPH = spherule." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D6678FFB5F968FF7BFF49FCBAFEE7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DF1D6678FFB5F968FF7BFF49FCBAFEE7">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FDD0F9ABFD5CF96F" box="[572,712,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
—tylostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FC8EF9ABFC7CF96C" box="[866,1000,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are moderately long, slightly curved and of greatly varying width from thin to quite stout; 2376 (1553–3293) × 63 (21–123) µm (n = 56). Oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FABDF94FFF53F924" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are a similar size to tylostyles; 2378 (1117–3533) × 51 (16–143) µm (n = 66). Tylostrongyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FB07F913FAFFF924" box="[1259,1387,1731,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are straight and stout; 1997 (
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFBAF967FE45F937FDBDF8F8" box="[425,553,1767,1794]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1175" valueMax="2688">1175–2688</date>
|
||
) × 72 (38–110) µm (n = 21). Dichotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FBFEF937FB00F8F8" box="[1042,1172,1767,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32D</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a short rhabdome that often has a tylote or bluntly rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FD70F8DBFCB4F8DC" box="[668,800,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clads are broad, flattened and leaf-like. Protoclads are much shorter than deuteroclads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FDEDF8FFFD16F8B0" box="[513,642,1839,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32F</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or more clads may be trifurcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FBDDF8FFFB23F8B0" box="[1073,1207,1839,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cladome is approximately twice as wide as the rhabdome length; 645 (390–984) µm long × 1046 (571–1660) µm wide (n = 75).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBAF967FF2BF8A7FDCAF804" blockId="38.[151,1436,1659,2046]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBAF967FF2BF8A7FEC3F86B" box="[199,343,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
—microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FE19F8A7FDECF868" box="[501,632,1911,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are variable in size with sharply pointed or slightly rounded tips. Some are faintly centrotylote; 97 (33–207) × 6 (3–9) µm (n = 128). Spherules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FC01F84BFBFCF84C" box="[1005,1128,1947,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FFBAF967FBAEF84CFBFCF84C" box="[1090,1128,1948,1974]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1932-01">32I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small and completely smooth; 11 (5–23) µm in diameter (n = 60). Spherasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFBAF967FCFEF86FFC1FF820" box="[786,907,1983,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 32. Penares orbis sp. nov. NIWA 81643: A. Tylostyle; B. Tylostrongyle; C. Oxea; D. Regular dichotriaene; E. Dichotriaene with tylote rhabdome tip; F. Cladome of a regular dichotriaene; G. Cladome of dichotriaene with a trifurcate clad; H. Microxeas; I. Spherule; J. Spherasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335302/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 32J</figureCitation>
|
||
) are very small with numerous smooth, conical rays; 10 (7–13) µm in diameter (n = 65).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FFBBF966FF7BFBAEFF72FAF9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335300/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1150,1175]" targetBox="[151,1435,174,1138]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBBF966FF7BFBAEFF72FAF9" blockId="39.[151,1436,1150,1283]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FF7BFBAEFE8BFB6D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1150,1175]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FEC8FBAFFE24FB6D" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[292,432,1151,1175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orbis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FEC8FBAFFE24FB6D" box="[292,432,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Penares orbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBBF966FE59FBAFFD91FB6D" box="[437,517,1151,1175]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FE59FBAFFD91FB6D" bold="true" box="[437,517,1151,1175]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FDFEFBAEFDBFFB6D" bold="true" box="[530,555,1150,1175]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical section showing the position of dichotriaenes below the cortex (NIWA 81643);
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FF7BFB73FF3AFB41" bold="true" box="[151,174,1187,1211]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical section showing spherasters scattered just below the cortex (arrow) (NIWA 81643);
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FBB1FB72FBE1FB41" bold="true" box="[1117,1141,1186,1211]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical section showing the tangential layer of microxeas at the surface (NIWA 52486);
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FD10FB17FC81FB25" bold="true" box="[764,789,1223,1247]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Choanosomal section showing the abundant microxeas (NIWA 81643).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBBF966FF2BFAE1FB54FAB6" box="[199,1216,1329,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBBF966FF2BFAE1FB54FAB6" blockId="39.[151,1437,1329,1536]" box="[199,1216,1329,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FF2BFAE1FEDAFAB1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1329,1355]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after the smooth spherules present in this species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FC0CFAE1FB8EFAB1" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[992,1050,1329,1355]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FC0CFAE1FB8EFAB1" box="[992,1050,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">orbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, globe; Latin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFBBF966FF2BFA85FBA5FA05" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFBBF966FF2BFA85FBA5FA05" blockId="39.[151,1437,1329,1536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FF2BFA85FEAFFA95" bold="true" box="[199,315,1365,1391]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The combined presence of spherules and spherasters differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FBD1FA86FB00FA95" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1085,1172,1365,1391]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orbis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FBD1FA86FB00FA95" box="[1085,1172,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. orbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFBBF966FB70FA85FB63FA95" box="[1180,1271,1365,1391]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FB70FA85FB63FA95" bold="true" box="[1180,1271,1365,1391]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FF7BFAAAFF66FA69" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,242,1402,1427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FF7BFAAAFF66FA69" box="[151,242,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The presence of either spherules or spherasters in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FBF1FAAAFBECFA69" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1053,1144,1402,1427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FBF1FAAAFBECFA69" box="[1053,1144,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively unusual, but not unprecedented. Three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FDC5FA4EFCFCFA4D" authority="(Hentschel, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[553,872,1437,1463]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FDC5FA4EFD06FA4D" box="[553,658,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. dendyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FFBBF966FD48FA4DFCF4FA4D" author="Hentschel, E." box="[676,864,1437,1463]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="293 - 448" refId="ref26754" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34, 293 - 448, pls. 213 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80003" type="journal article" year="1912">Hentschel, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBBF966FC5FFA4DFBB7FA4D" box="[947,1059,1437,1463]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FBDDFA4EFB5EFA4D" baseAuthorityName="Lebwohl" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1073,1226,1438,1463]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="metastrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FBDDFA4EFB5EFA4D" box="[1073,1226,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. metastrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBBF966FAF8FA4EFAC0FA42" box="[1300,1364,1438,1464]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FFBBF966FA8AFA4DFE8EFA21" author="Lebwohl, F." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref27296" refString="Lebwohl, F. (1914) Japanische Tetraxonida, I. Sigmatophora und II. Astrophora metastrosa. Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 35, 1 - 116, pls. I-IX." type="journal article" year="1914">Lebwohl, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FEB2FA12FD21FA21" authority="(Lendenfeld, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[350,693,1473,1499]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FEB2FA12FE40FA21" box="[350,468,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. sphaera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FFBBF966FE0FFA11FD38FA21" author="Lendenfeld, R. von" box="[483,684,1473,1499]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref27337" refString="Lendenfeld, R. von (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11 (1 - 2), i-iv + 59 - 374." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBBF966FD17FA11FC18FA26" box="[763,908,1473,1500]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
) possess spherules but no spherasters, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFBBF966FA64FA12FE17FA05" authority="Levi, 1993" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="micraster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFBBF966FA64FA12FE96FA05" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. micraster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FFBBF966FEE6FA35FE17FA05" author="Levi, C." box="[266,387,1509,1535]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="9 - 87" refId="ref27606" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot'. Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, A (Zoologie), 158, 9 - 87." type="journal article" year="1993">Lévi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFBBF966FE2BFA36FDE1FA05" box="[455,629,1509,1536]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
possesses spherasters but no spherules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |