486 lines
57 KiB
XML
486 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="1F72A6B6706DDFEAB3EB3DC36A8C80E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares mollis Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="265F07967E14ED2CA2FF47102514C78C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8F73CB8FCF564E9401A7A717C74CA665">
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<mods:title id="3499D3EC4DC9EFC59A8E61D4AC980532">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="87A03E7F9AAE6D3D904BA4A41ECF9C4C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE31D44A3BC95963C87F7AFFE660DA61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B0C8A0D6D93EFAA97D7B49CD136FA73">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="133B9FC7ECBB3C3C7A113CD854C6FE34" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55578BBC24E86BE4D23A52B60A3AF459">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1868DFCC7E08B2377CBABEAC8B824EC2">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3D9F7B907EFC7AF9AA72B1C2D508123C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BFFB2BB45D66978A7CE08A8527EB919B">
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<mods:title id="69D65851FAE247602CB8B73E08DA311D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0CC54ADAD23ADA7D8B5978BA17121EA4">
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<mods:date id="2E3DE55E92C3E6F2539FBAB4E07AAB79">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD7668BA36C80EC05C9B834AC4FF216E">2019-07-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="005C78B7E54D84273E264A3EC78CEDD3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0F041A10CD42290DBD4B9470911B8941">4638</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E53A4AEDCAB463B968F4A37C461CFCCC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BEBBA1670262029AF1930327A5D352C2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E1B8EA358990646F1F851CC551096ADD" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1047CE26783B5C8AAC16EB3B68068BDE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9FA083B1BB61854ABB355BAD3020CE22" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A01A6C10C5B2A6BFBA0428326746838B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BD4B66F4E7ABC5F2689A2F423BD4F5D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335260</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF97F94AFF7BFBE7FEFCFB8E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF7BFBE7FE3BFBAB" blockId="11.[151,431,1078,1140]" box="[151,431,1078,1105]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D095819CFF97F94AFF7BFBE7FE3BFBAB" bold="true" box="[151,431,1078,1105]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF7BFBE7FE3BFBAB" bold="true" box="[151,431,1078,1105]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF97F94AFF7BFBE7FEDDFBAB" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,329,1078,1105]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF7BFBE7FEDDFBAB" bold="true" box="[151,329,1078,1105]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Penares mollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF97F94AFEBDFBE7FE3BFBAB" box="[337,431,1079,1105]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF7BFB8AFEFCFB8E" blockId="11.[151,431,1078,1140]" box="[151,360,1114,1140]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFF4CFB8AFE95FB8E" box="[160,257,1114,1140]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1181,1206]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetBox-2="[482,1118,415,1161]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[475,1123,409,1169]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Penares mollis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 101525 in situ; B. Paratype NIWA 101575 fresh specimen; C. Para- type NIWA 62287 preserved in ethanol; D. Oscules and pores of NIWA 101575; E. Section showing the crust of microxeas and microrhabds in the cortex and the position of the orthotriaenes directly below the cortex; F. Close view of a choanosome section showing the abundant tylasters." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Penares mollis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448326" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3448326/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3335270/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7–9</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF97F94AFEE0FB8AFECBFB8E" box="[268,351,1114,1140]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1339,1261,1713]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares mollis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; OR= orthotriaene rhabdome, OC = orthotriaene clad; OCC = orthotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea; MR = microrhabd; TYL = tylaster." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF97F94AFF7BFB71FD6EFA8A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF7BFB71FD2BFAB6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFE66FB72FEFAFB1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830319" collectingDate="2002-02-24" collectingDateMax="25-10-15" collectingDateMin="2002-02-24" collectionCode="NIWA, NZOI" elevation="10" latitude="-34.176" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.049" municipality="Three Kings Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFE66FB72FE63FB46" bold="true" box="[394,503,1186,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FF97F94AFE66FB72FE63FB46" box="[394,503,1186,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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—
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FF97F94AFDFEFB72FDCFFB46" box="[530,603,1186,1212]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFD8EFB71FD2DFB46" box="[610,697,1185,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="25-10-15">
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<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFD8EFB71FD2DFB46" box="[610,697,1185,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="25-10-15">101525</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FF97F94AFD29FB72FC9CFB46" box="[709,776,1186,1212]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NZOI</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EBD602BFF97F94AFCFCFB72FCA1FB46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E:8EBD602BFF97F94AFCFCFB72FCA1FB46" box="[784,821,1186,1212]" latitude="-34.176" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.049" municipality="Three Kings Islands" name="Stn" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stn</location>
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<accessionNumber id="9431AB13FF97F94AFCD2FB71FC0CFB46" box="[830,920,1185,1212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z15942" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="EnaNcbi">Z15942</accessionNumber>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB9AC8AFF97F94AFC48FB72FB1EFB46" box="[932,1162,1186,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Three Kings Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFB7BFB72FA9CFB46" box="[1175,1288,1186,1212]" degrees="34.176" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-34.176">34.176° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFAFAFB72FA03FB47" box="[1302,1431,1186,1213]" degrees="172.049" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="172.049">172.049° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFF7BFB16FF46FB1B" box="[151,210,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="10.0">
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFF7BFB16FF46FB1B" box="[151,210,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFF32FB16FEFAFB1A" box="[222,366,1222,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-02-24">
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<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFF32FB16FEFAFB1A" box="[222,366,1222,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-02-24">24 Feb 2002</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFE94FB16FCFAFB1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830377" box="[376,878,1221,1249]" collectingDate="75-10-15" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FF97F94AFE94FB16FE64FB1A" box="[376,496,1222,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFE94FB16FE64FB1A" bold="true" box="[376,496,1222,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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—
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FF97F94AFDE7FB16FDC0FB1A" box="[523,596,1222,1248]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFDB6FB15FD3AFB1A" box="[602,686,1221,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="75-10-15">
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<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFDB6FB15FD3AFB1A" box="[602,686,1221,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="75-10-15">101575</date>
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</collectingDate>
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(0CDN6636-W)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFC96FB16FEFAFAFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830308" collectingDate="1999-04-16" elevation="17" latitude="-34.166" location="Three Kings Islands" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="8EBD602BFF97F94AFC96FB16FBCAFB1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF97F94CFF7BFBE7FCFAF89E:8EBD602BFF97F94AFC96FB16FBCAFB1A" box="[890,1118,1222,1248]" latitude="-34.166" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="172.15" name="Three Kings Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Three Kings Islands</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFB85FB16FB4DFB1A" box="[1129,1241,1222,1248]" degrees="34.166" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-34.166">34.166° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFB0AFB15FAF2FB1B" box="[1254,1382,1221,1249]" degrees="172.150" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="172.15">172.150° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFA9EFB16FF47FAFF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFA9EFB16FF47FAFF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16– 17 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFF33FB3AFEFAFAFE" box="[223,366,1258,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-04-16">
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<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFF33FB3AFEFAFAFE" box="[223,366,1258,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-04-16">16 Apr 1999</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFE96FB3AFB91FAFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830337" box="[378,1029,1257,1285]" collectingDate="2007-03-23" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="18" latitude="-34.418" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="172.845" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="NIWA 62287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFF97F94AFE96FB3AFD86FAFE" box="[378,530,1258,1284]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 62287</specimenCode>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFDF2FB3AFD1AFAFE" box="[542,654,1258,1284]" degrees="34.418" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-34.418">34.418° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFD77FB39FC88FAFF" box="[667,796,1257,1285]" degrees="172.845" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="172.845">172.845° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFCC4FB3AFCF7FAFF" box="[808,867,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFCC4FB3AFCF7FAFF" box="[808,867,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
|
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<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFC9CFB3AFB91FAFE" box="[880,1029,1258,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-23">
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFC9CFB3AFB91FAFE" box="[880,1029,1258,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-23">23 Mar 2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFBE3FB39FB5EFAFE" bold="true" box="[1039,1226,1257,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Other material.</emphasis>
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFB3DFB3AFD52FAD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830336" collectingDate="2007-03-23" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="18" latitude="-34.418" location="Northland" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="172.845" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="NIWA 62309" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFB3DFB3AFAD9FAFE" box="[1233,1357,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6F812FF97F94AFB3DFB3AFAD3FAFE" box="[1233,1351,1258,1284]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Northland</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFF97F94AFAB9FB3AFF74FAD2" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 62309</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFF06FADEFECDFAD2" box="[234,345,1294,1320]" degrees="34.418" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-34.418">34.418° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFE89FADDFE70FAD3" box="[357,484,1293,1321]" degrees="172.845" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="172.845">172.845° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFE03FADEFDBDFAD3" box="[495,553,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFE03FADEFDBDFAD3" box="[495,553,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFDDFFADEFD52FAD2" box="[563,710,1294,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-23">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFDDFFADEFD52FAD2" box="[563,710,1294,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-23">23 Mar 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFD23FADEFADEFAD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830356" box="[719,1354,1293,1321]" collectingDate="2007-03-25" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="18" latitude="-34.402" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="172.991" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="NIWA 62231" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFF97F94AFD23FADEFCF1FAD2" box="[719,869,1294,1320]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 62231</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFC83FADEFC4AFAD2" box="[879,990,1294,1320]" degrees="34.402" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-34.402">34.402° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFC06FADEFBFDFAD3" box="[1002,1129,1294,1321]" degrees="172.991" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="172.991">172.991° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFB98FADEFB3AFAD3" box="[1140,1198,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFB98FADEFB3AFAD3" box="[1140,1198,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFB54FADDFADEFAD2" box="[1208,1354,1293,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-25">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFB54FADDFADEFAD2" box="[1208,1354,1293,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-03-25">25 Mar 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF97F94AFAB9FADEFD2FFAB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830381" collectingDate="2004-10-07" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="25" latitude="-35.831" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="174.497" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="NIWA 62409" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFF97F94AFAB9FADEFF74FAB6" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 62409</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFF07FAE1FECFFAB6" box="[235,347,1329,1356]" degrees="35.831" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-35.831">35.831° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF97F94AFE84FAE2FE7CFAB7" box="[360,488,1330,1357]" degrees="174.497" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="174.497">174.497° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FF97F94AFE18FAE1FDBBFAB7" box="[500,559,1329,1357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="25.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFE18FAE1FDBBFAB7" box="[500,559,1329,1357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF97F94AFDD7FAE3FD2FFAB6" box="[571,699,1330,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2004-10-07">
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FF97F94AFDD7FAE3FD2FFAB6" box="[571,699,1330,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2004-10-07">7 Oct 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF2BFA86FD6EFA8A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" box="[199,762,1365,1393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BFA86FEF2FA8A" bold="true" box="[199,358,1365,1392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Three Kings Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF97F94AFDB0FA87FD62FA8A" box="[604,758,1366,1393]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF97F94AFF2BFAA9FE45FA43" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF2BFAA9FE45FA43" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BFAA9FEF5FA6E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1401,1428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Three Kings Islands and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6F812FF97F94AFD6CFAAAFD60FA6E" box="[640,756,1402,1428]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Northland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF97F94AFD13FAABFC01FA6E" box="[767,917,1402,1429]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFC48FAAAFB92FA6E" box="[932,1030,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1181,1206]" captionTargetBox="[482,1118,415,1161]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[475,1123,409,1169]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Penares mollis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335270/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found growing on rocky substrate in shallow waters (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFE86FA4EFE50FA43" box="[362,452,1438,1465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="6.0">6–28 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF97F94CFF2BFA11FCFAF89E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF2BFA11FDF9F996" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BFA11FECDFA26" bold="true" box="[199,345,1473,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology is irregularly lobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFD3AFA12FCA1FA26" box="[726,821,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Penares mollis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 101525 in situ; B. Paratype NIWA 101575 fresh specimen; C. Para- type NIWA 62287 preserved in ethanol; D. Oscules and pores of NIWA 101575; E. Section showing the crust of microxeas and microrhabds in the cortex and the position of the orthotriaenes directly below the cortex; F. Close view of a choanosome section showing the abundant tylasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448326/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FF97F94AFC5FFA12FB81FA26" box="[947,1045,1474,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFBDAFA12FB11FA27" box="[1078,1157,1474,1501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFB4EFA12FB65FA27" box="[1186,1265,1474,1501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFAE2FA11FAC9FA27" box="[1294,1373,1473,1501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Surface is very smooth, felty to the touch. Interior is fuzzy. Large uniporal oscules,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFBDCFA36FB18F9FB" box="[1072,1164,1510,1537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and smaller uniporal pores,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFEA8F9D9FE5EF9DF" box="[324,458,1545,1573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, are sparsely scattered over the sponge, more commonly present on the apex of the lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFECBF9FEFE40F9B3" box="[295,468,1582,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Penares mollis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 101525 in situ; B. Paratype NIWA 101575 fresh specimen; C. Para- type NIWA 62287 preserved in ethanol; D. Oscules and pores of NIWA 101575; E. Section showing the crust of microxeas and microrhabds in the cortex and the position of the orthotriaenes directly below the cortex; F. Close view of a choanosome section showing the abundant tylasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448326/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7C & D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Texture is soft, compressible. Colour in life is grey or black, interior is cream. Colour in ethanol is grey brown, interior is beige.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF2BF9A5FB7CF8BE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BF9A5FEA1F96A" bold="true" box="[199,309,1653,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical skeleton is thin (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF97F94AFDB5F9A6FD7FF96B" box="[601,747,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and consists of a dense layer of disorganised microxeas and microrhabds. Tylasters are scattered throughout the cortex and are more common on the surface of the sponge. Choanosomal skeleton contains a single layer of orthotriaenes that are arranged with their cladome parallel to the cortex/choanosome boundary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFE1FF932FDFEF907" box="[499,618,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1399,589,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Penares mollis sp. nov.: A. Holotype NIWA 101525 in situ; B. Paratype NIWA 101575 fresh specimen; C. Para- type NIWA 62287 preserved in ethanol; D. Oscules and pores of NIWA 101575; E. Section showing the crust of microxeas and microrhabds in the cortex and the position of the orthotriaenes directly below the cortex; F. Close view of a choanosome section showing the abundant tylasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448326/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bundles of oxeas are loosely radial near the surface of the sponge but become more disorganised towards the centre of the sponge. Tylasters and microxeas are abundant and scattered throughout the choanosome. Microrhabds are more sparsely scattered throughout the choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94AFF2BF89DFEF7F82E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BF89DFEBDF892" bold="true" box="[199,297,1869,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFEDAF89EFE03F892" box="[310,407,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF97F94AFE4EF89EFE62F892" box="[418,502,1870,1896]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1339,1261,1713]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares mollis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; OR= orthotriaene rhabdome, OC = orthotriaene clad; OCC = orthotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea; MR = microrhabd; TYL = tylaster." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFDE6F89EFD02F892" box="[522,662,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
—oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFD13F89EFCE0F892" box="[767,884,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small, slender and straight or slightly curved; 837 (573–1282) × 17 (9–28) µm (n = 74). Orthotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFCCDF8A2FC01F876" box="[801,917,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are short with a relatively long conical rhab- dome. Clads are slightly backwardly curved, and occasionally bifurcate; 380 (184–615) µm long × 350 (175–579) µm wide (n = 73).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF97F94DFF2BF80EFB6EFF06" blockId="11.[151,1437,1185,2041]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,575]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF97F94AFF2BF80EFEC3F802" box="[199,343,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
—microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF97F94AFE19F80EFDFFF802" box="[501,619,2014,2040]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are relatively stout and often sharply bent rather than gradually curved, very variable in length; 163 (84–356) × 8 (5–13) µm (n = 75). Microrhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF90F94DFC08FF49FBC0FF49" box="[996,1108,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small are slightly curved with broadly rounded tips; 60 (30–101) × 5 (3–9) µm (n = 75). Tylasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF90F94DFC0FFF6DFBC3FF2D" box="[995,1111,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,174,1033]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Penares mollis sp. nov., paratype NIWA 101575: A. Oxea; B. Orthotriaene; C. Tylasters; D. Microxeas; E. Microrhabd." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are very small with several slender, spined rays. Spines are concentrated around the ray tips; 11 (8–15) µm in diameter (n = 76).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF90F94DFF2BFED5FB22FEDA" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,575]" box="[199,1206,261,288]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFF2BFED5FEDAFEE5" bold="true" box="[199,334,261,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after the soft, compressible texture of the sponge (
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC33FED5FBB7FEE5" box="[991,1059,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mollis</emphasis>
|
||
, soft; Latin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF90F94DFF2BFEF9FEFAFDC5" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFF2BFEF9FEAFFEB9" bold="true" box="[199,315,297,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFEA9FEFAFE7AFEB9" box="[325,494,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Penares mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFE14FEF9FDC1FEB9" bold="true" box="[504,597,297,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFCDCFEFAFC2CFEB9" box="[816,952,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
in spicule complement, the most obvious difference being that
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFE66FE9EFE7FFE9D" box="[394,491,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFE18FE9DFDDBFE9D" bold="true" box="[500,591,333,359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
has slender orthotriaenes while
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC2CFE9EFBD3FE9D" box="[960,1095,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
predominantly has stouter di- chotriaenes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFECAFEA2FE67FE71" box="[294,499,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Penares tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
does have some plagiotriaenes and triaenes with a mixture of single and bifurcate clads, but dichotriaenes are much more common. The oxeas of
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFCB4FE46FC23FE55" box="[856,951,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC52FE45FB83FE55" bold="true" box="[958,1047,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
are also considerably smaller (837 (573–1282) µm) than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFE07FE6AFDE4FE29" box="[491,624,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
(1212 (978–1404) µm). All other spicule types and sizes are very similar between the two species. The two species also differ in texture—
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC84FE0EFC79FE0D" box="[872,1005,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
is firm and rigid, whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFAF9FE0EFAE0FE0D" box="[1301,1396,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFA97FE0DFF5CFDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is soft and compressible. Apart from
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFD84FDD2FD53FDE1" box="[616,711,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFD22FDD1FCB2FDE1" bold="true" box="[718,806,513,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFCB7FDD2FC74FDE1" box="[859,992,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tylotaster</emphasis>
|
||
, no other New Zealand
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFB06FDD2FAD1FDE1" box="[1258,1349,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
species possesses tylasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF90F94DFF7BF8A5FE4CF800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3448326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448326/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1909,1934]" targetBox="[173,1399,589,1897]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF90F94DFF7BF8A5FE4CF800" blockId="12.[151,1437,1909,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFF7BF8A5FE80F874" bold="true" box="[151,276,1909,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFEF7F8A7FE26F874" box="[283,434,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Penares mollis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFE55F8A6FD9EF874" bold="true" box="[441,522,1910,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFDF5F8A5FDA6F874" bold="true" box="[537,562,1909,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype NIWA 101525
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFCD5F8A7FCEDF874" box="[825,889,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC6BF8A6FC0AF874" bold="true" box="[903,926,1910,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype NIWA 101575 fresh specimen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFAABF8A5FAF4F874" bold="true" box="[1351,1376,1909,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Para- type NIWA 62287 preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFDC3F84AFDDCF848" bold="true" box="[559,584,1946,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscules and pores of NIWA 101575;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFC2BF84AFC4AF848" bold="true" box="[967,990,1946,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Section showing the crust of microxeas and microrhabds in the cortex and the position of the orthotriaenes directly below the cortex;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF90F94DFBF9F86EFBBCF82C" bold="true" box="[1045,1064,1982,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Close view of a choanosome section showing the abundant tylasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFBC4FF6DFBAB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335268/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1044,1069]" targetBox="[189,1398,174,1033]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF91F94CFF7BFBC4FF6DFBAB" blockId="13.[151,1436,1044,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFF7BFBC4FE80FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1044,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFEF0FBC6FE20FBD7" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,436,1045,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFEF0FBC6FE20FBD7" box="[284,436,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Penares mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF91F94CFE50FBC5FD9AFBD7" box="[444,526,1045,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFE50FBC5FD9AFBD7" bold="true" box="[444,526,1045,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype NIWA 101575:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFCCCFBC4FCACFBD7" bold="true" box="[800,824,1044,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxea;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFC69FBC5FC08FBD7" bold="true" box="[901,924,1045,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Orthotriaene;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFBDFFBC4FBDFFBD7" bold="true" box="[1075,1099,1044,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Tylasters;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFB51FBC5FB41FBD7" bold="true" box="[1213,1237,1045,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Microxeas;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFABBFBC5FAFAFBD7" bold="true" box="[1367,1390,1045,1069]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Microrhabd.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" ID-Table-UUID="DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D6678FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[166,1339,1261,1713]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF91F94CFF7BFB51FB64FB1B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1153,1249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFF7BFB51FE9DFB63" bold="true" box="[151,265,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions (µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFDD0FB52FD4EFB63" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[572,730,1153,1177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFDD0FB52FD4EFB63" box="[572,730,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Penares mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF91F94CFD0CFB51FCA1FB63" box="[736,821,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFD0CFB51FCA1FB63" bold="true" box="[736,821,1153,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; OR= orthotriaene rhabdome, OC = orthotriaene clad; OCC = orthotriaene cladome; MOX = microxea; MR = microrhabd; TYL = tylaster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF91F94CFF4AFB3DFC95F94B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<table id="F962C450FF9106BEFF4AFB3DFAAFF94B" box="[166,1339,1261,1713]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<tableNote id="7684377EFF91F94CFF4AFB3DFC95F94B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[166,1339,1261,1573]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFB3DFAAFFAFC" box="[166,1339,1261,1286]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AFB3DFEADFAFC" box="[166,313,1261,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFF4AFB3DFE9AFAFC" bold="true" box="[166,270,1261,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FB3DFC1DFAFC" box="[506,905,1261,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFE16FB3EFDEAFAFC" bold="true" box="[506,638,1262,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FB3DFAAFFAFC" box="[968,1339,1261,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFC24FB3DFBC5FAFC" bold="true" box="[968,1105,1261,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFAC3FAAFFAD6" box="[166,1339,1299,1324]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AFAC3FEADFAD6" box="[166,313,1299,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NIWA 101525</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FAC3FC1DFAD6" box="[506,905,1299,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OX: 848 (690–994) × 21 (16–28) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FAC3FAAFFAD6" box="[968,1339,1299,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MOX: 154 (84–242) × 7 (5–11) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFAE7FAAFFAAA" box="[166,1339,1335,1360]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AFAE7FEADFAAA" box="[166,313,1335,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">holotype</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FAE7FC1DFAAA" box="[506,905,1335,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OR: 418 (271–549) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FAE7FAAFFAAA" box="[968,1339,1335,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MR: 58 (37–97) × 5 (4–7) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFA8BFAAFFA8E" box="[166,1339,1371,1396]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FA8BFC1DFA8E" box="[506,905,1371,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OC: 241 (180–295) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FA8BFAAFFA8E" box="[968,1339,1371,1396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TYL: 11 (8–15) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFAAFFAAFFA62" box="[166,1339,1407,1432]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FAAFFC1DFA62" box="[506,905,1407,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OCC: 420 (295–579) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFA70FAAFFA43" box="[166,1339,1440,1465]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AFA70FEADFA43" box="[166,313,1440,1465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NIWA 101575</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FA70FC1DFA43" box="[506,905,1440,1465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OX: 977 (750–1282) × 21 (15–27) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FA70FAAFFA43" box="[968,1339,1440,1465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MOX: 146 (90–275) × 9 (6–13) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFA14FAAFFA27" box="[166,1339,1476,1501]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AFA14FEADFA27" box="[166,313,1476,1501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FA14FC1DFA27" box="[506,905,1476,1501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OR: 514 (362–615) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FA14FAAFFA27" box="[968,1339,1476,1501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MR: 54 (30–85) × 5 (3–7) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AFA38FAAFF9FB" box="[166,1339,1512,1537]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16FA38FC1DF9FB" box="[506,905,1512,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OC: 220 (169–264) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24FA38FAAFF9FB" box="[968,1339,1512,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TYL: 11 (8–14) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AF9DCFAAFF9DF" box="[166,1339,1548,1573]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16F9DCFC1DF9DF" box="[506,905,1548,1573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OCC: 401 (263–517) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AF9FCFAAFF9BF" box="[166,1339,1580,1605]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AF9FCFEADF9BF" box="[166,313,1580,1605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NIWA 62287</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16F9FCFC1DF9BF" box="[506,905,1580,1605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OX: 772 (573–929) × 12 (9–15) (20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24F9FCFAAFF9BF" box="[968,1339,1580,1605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MOX: 162 (110–287) × 7 (5–9) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AF980FAAFF990" box="[166,1339,1616,1642]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AF980FEADF990" box="[166,313,1616,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FF91F94CFF4AF982FF69F990" box="[166,253,1618,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16F980FC1DF990" box="[506,905,1616,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OR: 247 (184–323) (21)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24F980FAAFF990" box="[968,1339,1616,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MR: 69 (36–100) × 5 (3–8) (20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AF9A4FAAFF977" box="[166,1339,1652,1677]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFE16F9A4FC1DF977" box="[506,905,1652,1677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OC: 140 (96–186) (22)</td>
|
||
<td id="76835DCEFF9106BEFC24F9A4FAAFF977" box="[968,1339,1652,1677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TYL: 11 (8–13) (21)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355234B2FF9106BEFF4AF948FAAFF94B" box="[166,1339,1688,1713]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="76835DCEFF9106BEFF4AF948FAAFF94B" box="[166,1339,1688,1713]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">OCC: 257 (175–332) (20)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF91F94CFF2BF90EFCFAF89E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1758,1892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
There are only three other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFD98F90FFD5BF902" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[628,719,1759,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFD98F90FFD5BF902" box="[628,719,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the South Pacific:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFBB2F90FFAFFF902" authority="Levi, 1993" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[1118,1387,1758,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="micraster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFBB2F90FFB73F902" box="[1118,1255,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. micraster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FF91F94CFB1CF90EFAFFF902" author="Levi, C." box="[1264,1387,1758,1784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="9 - 87" refId="ref27606" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot'. Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, A (Zoologie), 158, 9 - 87." type="journal article" year="1993">Lévi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFF7BF8D3FE44F8E6" authority="Levi, 1993" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,464,1794,1820]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmatoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFF7BF8D3FEDAF8E6" box="[151,334,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. palmatoclada</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FF91F94CFEB9F8D2FE44F8E6" author="Levi, C." box="[341,464,1794,1820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="9 - 87" refId="ref27606" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot'. Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, A (Zoologie), 158, 9 - 87." type="journal article" year="1993">Lévi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF91F94CFDFAF8D2FD52F8E6" box="[534,710,1794,1820]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFCEFF8D3FBBAF8E7" authority="(Carter, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[771,1070,1794,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFCEFF8D3FC1CF8E6" box="[771,904,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B01FF91F94CFC7BF8D2FBB2F8E7" author="Carter, H. J." box="[919,1062,1794,1821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 290" refId="ref26525" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Supplement to the descriptions of Mr J. Bracebridge Wilson's Australian sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 271 - 290 + 369 - 379 + 445 - 466, pl. X. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459996" type="journal article" year="1886">Carter, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF91F94CFB9FF8D2FB49F8E6" box="[1139,1245,1794,1820]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The presence of tylasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFEF1F8F7FEEBF8BA" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,383,1830,1856]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFEF1F8F7FEEBF8BA" box="[285,383,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF91F94CFE65F8F6FE71F8BA" box="[393,485,1830,1856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFE65F8F6FE71F8BA" bold="true" box="[393,485,1830,1856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differentiates it from all three South Pacific species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFBA2F8F7FAD8F8BA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[1102,1356,1830,1856]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmatoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFBA2F8F7FAD8F8BA" box="[1102,1356,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Penares palmatoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFA64F8F7FF6BF89E" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFA64F8F7FF6BF89E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack euasters, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF91F94CFE05F89BFDE4F89E" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[489,624,1867,1892]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="micraster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF91F94CFE05F89BFDE4F89E" box="[489,624,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. micraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses spherasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |