840 lines
95 KiB
XML
840 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document id="ABCC4073D75ED698C0C143EED36D2EA3" ID-CLB-Dataset="20998" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c8355fa-af80-4a52-be9a-a3c36a99bb19" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017497" ID-ZooBank="6F6EBF63-5598-416C-8694-14C4A8687693" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1599482548208" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Lim, Burton K. & Tavares, Valéria Da C." docDate="2020" docId="03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4846.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4846 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chiroderma doriae Thomas 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF83DD56F84EFFD07007FF847C1D5D16" masterDocTitle="Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698845824709" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="440D248FDECF3445F63C96FBFF9422FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CF82EE6CE7D622745F8E2CBEE7C4A456">
|
||
<mods:title id="D2C2F70174CCA2EF9DE81B7E9D81C2A3">Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="69EE5178C583B374F93173726573DA93" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="27E0435A7E79E608C23541BA9AB0206C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="15025420252B8081EA7195C9028024BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1D124E2017094D794A0665889FABDDF2">Garbino, Guilherme S. T.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1EFCE8154E27DCBEAD65F98930018414">Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6903B4D6D008E18E8FB395075C2C4004" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AAC364E71415152D5A031F70E6ECAC05">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4DDE5BF208A484B61AD4AFBED6486772">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B55A1A709EA67925EC81FBECA66B8BD9">Lim, Burton K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1AF701F2ED4D38FEAC84D9291325A5EA">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A10C88DE1051BB1538BC2BBAEA45F0F3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B6B10898DCA80253231EDFA0A651F7CF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1B44EF5C68C84287AF80C56346516A89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A590454C2ED51E8CFA6078B0F4A0EC19">Tavares, Valéria Da C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7221226C404B486B5AD4C89D940AD7EC">Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN / DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="438AE9A09C098C316D1273C837A7833C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AEB6DAD638CDD6A2B6306C96DF2F4A49" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="247DD4F6BF80190B7D1444588EC6CE0C">
|
||
<mods:title id="090AEE4541EE03CF47ACCE1AFE7522F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D0E9E04D73BD717866E9844CAAC955AA">
|
||
<mods:date id="8AB922840CC6046A1F1FBEA70557972D">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="53D1F5330522E97E45B04FECE11C9574" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F5608C644C88EA1CA036B55EFBF1028A">2020-09-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4ED800D777D9F8AAEC929C23B3920FF8" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="41A8AB3CA0F22A583C8022DA89EFB0AF">4846</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="898E143F5E17A1AA3AABE82619C0C7EA" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="4C14B217479D453E0264A8EB819807B9">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="30F442AAFBA93EB46E5BEB8418EF2623" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="847CAF81F11425BE261AF73577E43C18">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3C300F0CB3DF6BAA3D14219377A0959E">93</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B53C84FA56C61401E98B4DB3D6ACF6F0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AB7A79B0FEC70703B49A534A999F5E7C" type="CLB-Dataset">20998</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="371ADF0A6ECD5316882DE62015EA97FC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9636FF0562B9827E2AB58075D1B5890C" type="GBIF-Dataset">2c8355fa-af80-4a52-be9a-a3c36a99bb19</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="26DB9EFD5A85C2E40BD2C53E0911FBFE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3D4C18892F3CFC90C059C955B5E6D1D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">4017497</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7195673F6CFA1F592F63B5096D74F0A5" type="ZooBank">6F6EBF63-5598-416C-8694-14C4A8687693</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332647" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167515841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332647" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F850FFCE7090FA757DF35B58" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE7090FA757E2E5B1D" blockId="30.[151,563,1521,1548]" box="[151,563,1521,1548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<heading id="D0E4A354F850FFCE7090FA757E2E5B1D" bold="true" box="[151,563,1521,1548]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE7090FA757E2E5B1D" ID-CoL="69STX" authority="Thomas, 1891" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,563,1521,1548]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7090FA757E2E5B1D" bold="true" box="[151,563,1521,1548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7090FA757D635B1A" bold="true" box="[151,382,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7182FA757E2E5B1D" author="Thomas, O." box="[389,563,1521,1547]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="881 - 883" refId="ref48200" refString="Thomas, O. (1891) Note on Chiroderma villosum with the description of a new species for the genus. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 10, 881 - 883." type="journal article" year="1891">Thomas, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE7090F9B17DF35B58" blockId="30.[151,494,1589,1614]" box="[151,494,1589,1614]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Synonyms: See under subspecies.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F850FFCF7090F9F8781A5C9D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCE7090F9F87E085A84" blockId="30.[151,1437,1659,2010]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE7090F9F87D575B80" bold="true" box="[151,330,1659,1686]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type Material.</emphasis>
|
||
The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE71D8F9F87EA55B80" box="[479,696,1660,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE71D8F9F87EA55B80" box="[479,696,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation, is specimen BMNH 44.9.2.6 (skin) and BMNH 49.8.16.29 (skull and mandible). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF850FFCE7295F9247EE95BAC" box="[658,756,1696,1722]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is an adult of undetermined sex, but possibly female, as there is no vestige of scrotal sac on the skin. The skin was stitched longitudinally along the dorsum and probably for this reason the descriptions described the dorsal stripe as absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE7376F96C78105A14" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[881,1037,1768,1794]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref40109" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, xxxvi + 567 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, misdentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF850FFCE74CDF96C79575A14" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1226,1354,1768,1794]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF850FFCE74CDF96C79575A14" box="[1226,1354,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F850FFCE755FF96C7CCE5A30" author="Vieira, C. O. da" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="219 - 471" refId="ref48943" refString="Vieira, C. O. da C. (1942) Ensaio monografico sobre os quiropteros do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 3, 219 - 471." type="journal article" year="1942">Vieira 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The left ear, as well as the right tarsus and metatarsus, have been lost, but the right calcar and the tibia are still attached to the skin. Interocular stripes are evident, but the color of the skin appears to be slightly faded. The genal pair of facial stripes is less conspicuous, and the stripe on the right side is more evident than on the left. Part of the medial uropatagium is torn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F850FFCF70C0F8187E885DED" blockId="30.[151,1437,1659,2010]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,153,1115]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">The skull is damaged, and the region posterior to the mesopterygoid fossa, i.e. the basioccipital, occipital, and the posterior part of the braincase are missing. The upper dental arcade is complete. The right zygomatic arch is broken, and the root of the right upper canine is exposed. Part of the palate is also broken. The inner upper incisors have convergent tips, almost touching each other. The mandible and lower dentition are in good condition, except for the left angular process, which is missing.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F851FFCF70C0FE81781A5C9D" blockId="31.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Information on the label indicates “Minas Geraes” as the locality and that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF851FFCF7438FE8178725C09" box="[1087,1135,261,287]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was obtained from
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F851FFCF7554FE817CD75C55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5:8ECC42E3F851FFCF7554FE817CD75C55" county="South America" municipality="Emile" name="Parzudaki" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Parzudaki</location>
|
||
, referring to
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F851FFCF7159FEAD7E365C55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5:8ECC42E3F851FFCF7159FEAD7E365C55" box="[350,555,297,323]" county="South America" municipality="Emile" name="Charles Parzudaki" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Charles Parzudaki</location>
|
||
and his adopted son
|
||
<location id="8ECC42E3F851FFCF731CFEAD7F7C5C55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF850FFF47090FA757FBC5CC5:8ECC42E3F851FFCF731CFEAD7F7C5C55" box="[795,865,297,323]" county="South America" municipality="Emile" name="Emile" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Emile</location>
|
||
, two active dealers in natural history specimens in Paris. As Charles and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F851FFCF7197FEC97DCE5C71" box="[400,467,333,359]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Emile</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
probably never collected in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62CD6CB4F851FFCF7312FEC97FA15C71" box="[789,956,333,359]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">South America</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F851FFCF73CCFEC978AE5C7E" author="Gouraud, C. & Chevrier, L. & Mearns, R." box="[971,1203,333,360]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="76 - 89" refId="ref41449" refString="Gouraud, C., Chevrier, L. & Mearns, R. (2016) Charles and Emile Parzudaki: Natural history dealers in nineteenth-century Paris. Archives of Natural History, 43 (1), 76 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 2016.0347" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gouraud
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7430FECA786D5C71" box="[1079,1136,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is not possible to determine the collector or to estimate a more precise locality for the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F851FFCF70C0FE107EE45CB9" box="[199,761,404,431]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F851FFCF70C0FE107EE45CB9" blockId="31.[151,1437,153,1115]" box="[199,761,404,431]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF70C0FE107DEA5CB9" bold="true" box="[199,503,404,431]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution and Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
See under Subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F851FFF470C0FE3C7FBC5CC5" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F851FFCF70C0FE3C7DAE5FE5" blockId="31.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF70C0FE3C7E2F5CC5" bold="true" box="[199,562,440,467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description and Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal pelage is pale brown in most specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF746EFE3D78F35CC5" box="[1129,1262,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF74A2FE3D78F35CC5" box="[1189,1262,441,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but some have dark brown pelage. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF719EFE597E375CE1" box="[409,554,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF71DFFE5A7E375CE1" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[472,554,478,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the dorsal pelage is pale buff (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF851FFCF738CFE597FC55CEE" box="[907,984,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1974,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,1137,1949]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal view of the skin of A) Chiroderma doriae doriae (ALP 6121—Brazil, Rio de Janeiro) and B) C. d. vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017533/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal hairs are tricolored; the base is dark brown, the middle is buff, and the tip is pale brown (
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7337FD857FA45F0D" box="[816,953,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7377FD857FA45F0D" box="[880,953,513,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or pale buff (
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7465FD8578EE5F0D" box="[1122,1267,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF74A6FD8678EE5F0D" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1185,1267,514,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Two pairs of interocular and genal stripes are present, wide, and formed by entirely white hairs. A median dorsal stripe is present. The stripe is conspicuous in 25 of the 29 (86%)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF72B1FDCD7F215F75" box="[694,828,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF72F4FDCD7F215F75" box="[755,828,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
examined, and usually extends from the interscapular region to the posterior extremity of the rump. One
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF72D9FDE97F7A5F91" box="[734,871,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7319FDE97F7A5F91" box="[798,871,621,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ZUFMS 395) has the dorsal stripe beginning on the nape. The ear and tragus are yellowish at the bases, as well as is the margin of the ear. The remainder of the ear is brownish. The spear of the noseleaf is simple-tipped and the lateral borders of the horseshoe are paler than the medial portion and spear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F851FFCF70C0FD79790A594D" blockId="31.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF70C0FD797DBD5E01" box="[199,416,765,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF70C0FD797DBD5E01" box="[199,416,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the second largest cranium among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7358FD797FFA5E01" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[863,999,765,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7358FD797FFA5E01" box="[863,999,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, smaller only than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF751CFD797CD95E2D" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF751CFD797CD95E2D" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. improvisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F851FFCF70D3FCA57D285E2D" box="[212,309,801,827]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Tables 7</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F851FFCF7168FCA57D625E2D" box="[367,383,801,827]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">8</tableCitation>
|
||
). There is some overlap among the measurements of small
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7421FCA578B25E2D" box="[1062,1199,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7461FCA578B25E2D" box="[1126,1199,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF752FFCA5798B5E2D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1320,1430,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF752FFCA5798B5E2D" box="[1320,1430,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measurements of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7158FCC17DF15E49" box="[351,492,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF719DFCC27DF15E49" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[410,492,838,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
broadly overlap with those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7345FCC178245E49" box="[834,1081,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7345FCC17FD95E49" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[834,964,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">C. villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF73C9FCC178245E49" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[974,1081,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">C. salvini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF74B3FCC179595E49" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1204,1348,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF74B3FCC179595E49" box="[1204,1348,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F851FFCF7555FCC17CB85E95" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Tables 7</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F851FFCF70DAFCED7CF05E95" box="[221,237,873,899]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">8</tableCitation>
|
||
). The braincase is low in
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7217FCED7E8A5E95" box="[528,663,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7249FCED7E8A5E95" box="[590,663,873,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, relative to the length of the skull, and less globose than in the other species (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF716BFC097E125EB1" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[364,527,909,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF716BFC097E125EB1" box="[364,527,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. improvisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF851FFCF721AFC097E655EB1" box="[541,632,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1142,1167]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of the skull of C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017535/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF851FFCF7285FC097EBF5EB1" box="[642,674,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1887,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 20. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera); B) C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017537/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">20</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF72D5FC097F435EB1" box="[722,862,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF730BFC0A7F435EB1" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[780,862,910,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the braincase is relatively higher and more globose than in the nominal subspecies. A sagittal crest was present in every specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7426FC3578BA5EDD" box="[1057,1191,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7459FC3578BA5EDD" box="[1118,1191,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we examined (n=71), being conspicuous in 41 (57%), moderate in 25 (35%), and low or vestigial in 5 (7%). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7483FC51790E5EF9" box="[1156,1299,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF74C6FC52790E5EF9" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1217,1299,982,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the sagittal crest was present in all specimens (n=11), conspicuous in ten (90.9%) and moderate or low in one (9.1%). The nasal notch is long, extending well behind the anterior rim of the orbits. The post-orbital processes are moderately developed, more so than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7197FBC67DF8594D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[400,485,1090,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7197FBC67DF8594D" box="[400,485,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">gorgasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF721CFBC67E96594D" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[539,651,1090,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF721CFBC67E96594D" box="[539,651,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">trinitatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF734EFBC5780C594D" box="[841,1041,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF734EFBC57F8B594D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[841,918,1089,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">salvini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF73A6FBC6780C594D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[929,1041,1090,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">scopaeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF744FFBC578BA594D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1096,1191,1089,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF744FFBC578BA594D" box="[1096,1191,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF851FFCF74B1FBC57914594D" box="[1206,1289,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1142,1167]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of the skull of C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017535/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F851FFCF7090F8327DDE5AE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017533/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1974,1999]" targetBox="[151,1436,1137,1949]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F851FFCF7090F8327DDE5AE5" blockId="31.[151,1437,1974,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7090F8327D025AD9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1974,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the skin of A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7248F8337F475AD9" authority="doriae" box="[591,858,1975,1999]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF7248F8337F475AD9" box="[591,858,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ALP 6121—Brazil, Rio de Janeiro) and B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF851FFCF751BF83C79805AD9" box="[1308,1437,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF851FFCF7555F83C79805AD9" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1362,1437,1976,1999]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86EFFF07090FBF278DF59A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017535/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1142,1167]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1116]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86EFFF07090FBF278DF59A4" blockId="32.[151,1436,1142,1203]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF07090FBF27D3C5999" bold="true" box="[151,289,1142,1167]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86EFFF0731EFBF2783B5998" authority="doriae" box="[793,1062,1142,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF0731EFBF2783B5998" box="[793,1062,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86EFFF072E7FB1F7F8C59A4" box="[736,913,1178,1202]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="vizottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF072E7FB1F7F8C59A4" box="[736,913,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. doriae vizottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86EFFF07090F8DB7E675A8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017537/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1887,1912]" targetBox="[151,1436,1224,1861]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86EFFF07090F8DB7E675A8D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1887,1948]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF07090F8DB7D3D5A6E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1887,1912]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86EFFF072D7F8DB7FC15A61" authority="doriae" box="[720,988,1887,1911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF072D7F8DB7FC15A61" box="[720,988,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera); B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86EFFF07090F8007D555A8D" box="[151,328,1923,1947]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="vizottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86EFFF07090F8007D555A8D" box="[151,328,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. doriae vizottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86FFFF17090F81D787C5AEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017539/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[375,1209,184,1917]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86FFFF17090F81D787C5AEC" blockId="33.[151,1436,1945,2042]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF17090F81D7D055AA4" bold="true" box="[151,280,1945,1970]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF17249F81E7F0C5AA4" box="[590,785,1946,1970]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF17249F81E7F0C5AA4" box="[590,785,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF1731BF81E7F985AA7" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[796,901,1946,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF1731BF81E7F985AA7" box="[796,901,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. gorgasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF173B3F81E78205AA7" box="[948,1085,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF173B3F81E78245AA7" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[948,1081,1946,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">C. trinitatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on 87 sequences of the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF170EEF83A7CE95AC3" box="[233,244,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">c</emphasis>
|
||
oxidase subunit 1 gene. Localities in parentheses are detailed in the gazetteer (Appendix 1). This subtree is a detailed version of the clades named “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF171C3F8667E1B5AEC" box="[452,518,2018,2042]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF171C3F8667E1B5AEC" box="[452,518,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF1722EF8667E685AEF" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[553,629,2018,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF1722EF8667E685AEF" box="[553,629,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">gorgasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF1729FF8667EE05AEF" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[664,765,2018,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF1729FF8667EE05AEF" box="[664,765,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">trinitatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A”, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86FFFF17364F8667FD55AEF" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[867,968,2018,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86FFFF17364F8667FD55AEF" box="[867,968,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">trinitatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B” in figure 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86CFFF270C0FF1D78155C76" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The posterior palatine process is absent in 51 (78%) of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F86CFFF27361FF1C7FE25DA5" box="[870,1023,152,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">65 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27421FF1D78B05DA5" box="[1062,1197,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27463FF1D78B05DA5" box="[1124,1197,153,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we examined. When present, the palatine process is small and inconspicuous, except for three specimens (4.6%), in which this structure was conspicuous. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27180FF5B7E075DEE" box="[391,538,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF271CFFF5B7E075DEE" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[456,538,223,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the palatine process was absent in five of nine specimens in our sample. The posterior border of the palate is U-shaped, differing from other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF273C3FE85784E5C0D" box="[964,1107,257,283]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF273C3FE8578525C0D" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[964,1103,257,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiroderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which have an even posterior border. Paraoccipital processes are present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF2729FFEA07F035C28" box="[664,798,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF272D2FEA07F035C28" box="[725,798,292,318]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. When skull and mandible are in occlusion, a lateral gap is formed, as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF2714CFEC37EC55C76" box="[331,728,326,353]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF2714CFEC37DA55C76" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[331,440,326,353]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">C. salvini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF271C3FEC37E455C76" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[452,600,327,353]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">C. scopaeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27264FEC37EC55C76" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[611,728,327,353]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">C. gorgasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27312FEC37FBB5C76" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[789,934,327,353]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27312FEC37FBB5C76" box="[789,934,327,353]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. trinitatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF273B2FEC27FE75C76" box="[949,1018,326,352]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1486,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1461]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,181,1461]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lateral view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) Chiroderma salvini (ROM 99703), B) Chiroderma scopaeum (TTU 110649), C) Chiroderma d. doriae (TTU 99569), D) Chiroderma villosum (USNM 560607), and E) Chiroderma improvisum (ROM 126002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017515/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86CFFF270C0FEED7E625FAD" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The I1s have converging tips that contact each other in most specimens. One (ZUFMS 395) had parallel I1s, with no contact. The P3, in occlusal view, is wider (buccolingually) than long (mesiodistally). P3 touches C, but does not touch P4 (in the similar-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27251FE2B7EE65CDE" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[598,763,431,457]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27251FE2B7EE65CDE" box="[598,763,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. improvisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, P3 and P4 are in contact; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF2745AFE2A78AC5CDE" box="[1117,1201,430,456]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1142,1167]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,181,1116]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of the skull of C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017535/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). The P4 has a welldeveloped disto-lingual cingulum (relatively less-developed in the other species). The mandible is robust, with the condylar processes clearly above the toothrow plane, or at approximately the same level. The coronoid process clearly is higher than the tip of the lower canine, when the mandible is viewed laterally (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF274A9FD9379065F26" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1198,1307,534,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF274A9FD9379065F26" box="[1198,1307,534,561]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27552FD937CC75F45" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27552FD937CC75F45" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the coronoid process is at the same level as the canines). The p2 crown is ½ to ⅔ the height of p4, and is ap- proximately as high as long (longer than tall in
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF272ADFDD8787B5F63" box="[682,1126,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF272ADFDD87F055F60" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[682,792,604,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">C. salvini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27323FDD87FAA5F63" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[804,951,604,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">C. scopaeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF273C5FDD8787B5F63" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[962,1126,604,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">C. improvisum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF274A4FDD8793E5F60" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1187,1315,604,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF274A4FDD8793E5F60" box="[1187,1315,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF2753BFDD8798D5F60" box="[1340,1424,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1887,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 20. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera); B) C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017537/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). The p2 does not touch p4. The mandible with a small p2 identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F86CFFF273BEFDFA78D85F8E" author="Oprea, M. & Wilson, D. E." box="[953,1221,638,664]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref45390" refString="Oprea, M., Wilson, D. E. (2008) Chiroderma doriae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Mammalian Species, 186: 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / 816.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Oprea & Wilson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF274EAFDFB794A5F8E" box="[1261,1367,638,665]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF274EAFDFB794A5F8E" box="[1261,1367,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF27090FD257CEB5FAD" box="[151,246,673,699]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1789,1814]" captionTargetBox="[419,1168,1009,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,1009,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female Chiroderma villosum captured in Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Perú, in August 2016 (ROM F63087). Note the faint facial stripes, the long guard hairs on the head, and the noseleaf with notched tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017501/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27134FD257DAF5FAD" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[307,434,673,699]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27134FD257DAF5FAD" box="[307,434,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 309905).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86CFFF270C0FD4078885E7E" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The only other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF271EAFD407E685FC8" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[493,629,708,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF271EAFD407E685FC8" box="[493,629,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiroderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF2732BFD407F8A5FC8" box="[812,919,708,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF2732BFD407F8A5FC8" box="[812,919,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF273BEFD4078245FC8" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[953,1081,708,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF273BEFD4078245FC8" box="[953,1081,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF274D5FD4079065FC8" box="[1234,1307,708,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF274D5FD4079065FC8" box="[1234,1307,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated by its larger size, the both pairs of facial stripes wide and conspicuous (narrow and inconspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27090FC8D7CEB5E35" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,246,777,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27090FC8D7CEB5E35" box="[151,246,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bicolor noseleaf, and ears with pale margins.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27308FC8D7F645E35" box="[783,889,777,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27308FC8D7F645E35" box="[783,889,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks posterior palatine processes, has converging I1s (usually parallel in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF271E8FCA87E535E50" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[495,590,812,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF271E8FCA87E535E50" box="[495,590,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), p2 taller than longer (p2 longer than tall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF2743CFCA878875E50" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1083,1178,812,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF2743CFCA878875E50" box="[1083,1178,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), relatively short c (tall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF270B3FCCA7D0E5E7E" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[180,275,846,872]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF270B3FCCA7D0E5E7E" box="[180,275,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and lacks a frontal gap when cranium and mandible are in occlusion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF27433FCCA78955E7E" box="[1076,1160,846,872]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Frontal view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) Chiroderma salvini (ROM 99703), B) Chiroderma scopaeum (TTU 110649), C) Chiroderma d. doriae (TTU 99569), D) Chiroderma villosum (USNM 560607), E) Chiroderma improvisum (ROM 126002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017525/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86CFFF270C0FCF47E35594D" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1115]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF270C0FCF47ED35E9D" bold="true" box="[199,718,880,907]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Geographic Variation and Phylogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenetic analyses of 16 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF274DAFCF5795B5E9D" box="[1245,1350,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF274DAFCF5795B5E9D" box="[1245,1350,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not show geographic structuring, with haplotypes from geographically distant regions, e.g. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F86CFFF274A1FC1079135EB8" box="[1190,1294,916,942]" name="Paraguay" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
north to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86CFFF27573FC107D4A5EC7" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F86CFFF27165FC327DBB5EC6" box="[354,422,950,976]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
grouped together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF2727CFC327ED25EC6" box="[635,719,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[375,1209,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[364,1224,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 21. Phylogenetic relationships of Chiroderma doriae, C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum, based on 87 sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Localities in parentheses are detailed in the gazetteer (Appendix 1). This subtree is a detailed version of the clades named “doriae”, “gorgasi”, “trinitatum A”, and “trinitatum B” in figure 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017539/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although intraspecific genetic variation (0.49%) is considered low (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F86CFFF270D7FC5D7D3B5EE5" box="[208,294,985,1011]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,550,574]" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise COI sequence divergence (percentage) among the putative species of Chiroderma. The intraspecific" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), the phenotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF27205FC5D7E715EE5" box="[514,620,985,1011]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27205FC5D7E715EE5" box="[514,620,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies geographically. Specimens from the Caatinga of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86CFFF274E4FC5D79005EE5" box="[1251,1309,985,1011]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Piauí</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86CFFF27553FC5D79855EE5" box="[1364,1432,985,1011]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ceará</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and from the Amazonia—Cerrado ecotone in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86CFFF27290FC787F165900" box="[663,779,1020,1046]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
, are significantly smaller and have much paler pelage than specimens from the Mata Atlântica and Cerrado, which are larger and have the pelage color varying from pale brown to dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF27195FBC57DF2594D" box="[402,495,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1974,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,1137,1949]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal view of the skin of A) Chiroderma doriae doriae (ALP 6121—Brazil, Rio de Janeiro) and B) C. d. vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017533/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86CFFF271FCFBC57E06594D" box="[507,539,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1887,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,1224,1861]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 20. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma doriae doriae (TTU 99569—Paraguay, La Cordillera); B) C. doriae vizottoi (ALP 10421—Brazil, Ceará)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017537/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86CFFF27090F82E7F005AF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017541/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1962,1987]" targetBox="[336,1250,1142,1935]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86CFFF27090F82E7F005AF1" blockId="34.[151,1436,1962,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF27090F82E7D3C5AD5" bold="true" box="[151,289,1962,1987]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Dispersion of the two first principal components (PC1) of 20 climatic variables, and 13 morphometric variables of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86CFFF270B4F84B7D6B5AF1" box="[179,374,1999,2023]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86CFFF270B4F84B7D6B5AF1" box="[179,374,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.744.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86DFFF37090FF1D7D505DEF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86DFFF37090FF1D7D505DEF" blockId="35.[151,1436,153,250]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF37090FF1D7D0A5DA4" bold="true" box="[151,279,153,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Loadings of the first and second principal components, extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 19 climatic variables, plus latitude, from collecting localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86DFFF37495FF3A79815DC0" authority="doriae" box="[1170,1436,190,214]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF37495FF3A79815DC0" box="[1170,1436,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370C3FF667D5B5DEF" box="[196,326,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86DFFF370FCFF667D5B5DEF" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[251,326,226,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86DFFF370A1FE8D786B5981" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="F913E698F86D002F70A1FE8D786B5981" box="[166,1142,265,1175]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FE8D786B5C34" box="[166,1142,265,290]" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FE8D7DBF5C34" box="[166,418,265,290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FE8D7D115C34" bold="true" box="[166,268,265,290]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Variables</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FE8D7EE85C34" box="[678,757,265,290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF372A1FE8D7EC15C34" bold="true" box="[678,732,265,290]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PC 1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFE8D786B5C34" box="[1064,1142,265,290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF3742FFE8D78405C34" bold="true" box="[1064,1117,265,290]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PC 2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FEB5786B5C5C" box="[166,1142,305,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FEB57DBF5C5C" box="[166,418,305,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FEB57D1E5C5C" bold="true" box="[166,259,305,330]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latitude</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FEB57EE85C5C" box="[678,757,305,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFEB5786B5C5C" box="[1064,1142,305,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FEDD786B5C64" box="[166,1142,345,370]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FEDD7DBF5C64" box="[166,418,345,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FEDD7CFD5C64" bold="true" box="[166,224,345,370]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FEDD7EE85C64" box="[678,757,345,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFEDD786B5C64" box="[1064,1142,345,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FE05786B5C8C" box="[166,1142,385,410]" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FE057DBF5C8C" box="[166,418,385,410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FE057CFD5C8C" bold="true" box="[166,224,385,410]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FE057EE85C8C" box="[678,757,385,410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFE05786B5C8C" box="[1064,1142,385,410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FE2D786B5CD4" box="[166,1142,425,450]" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FE2D7DBF5CD4" box="[166,418,425,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FE2D7CFC5CD4" bold="true" box="[166,225,425,450]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FE2D7EE85CD4" box="[678,757,425,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.88</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFE2D786B5CD4" box="[1064,1142,425,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FE56786B5CFD" box="[166,1142,466,491]" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FE567DBF5CFD" box="[166,418,466,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FE567CFC5CFD" bold="true" box="[166,225,466,491]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FE567EE85CFD" box="[678,757,466,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFE56786B5CFD" box="[1064,1142,466,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FE7E786B5F05" box="[166,1142,506,531]" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FE7E7DBF5F05" box="[166,418,506,531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FE7E7CFC5F05" bold="true" box="[166,225,506,531]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO5</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FE7E7EE85F05" box="[678,757,506,531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFE7E786B5F05" box="[1064,1142,506,531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FDA6786B5F2D" box="[166,1142,546,571]" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FDA67DBF5F2D" box="[166,418,546,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FDA67CFC5F2D" bold="true" box="[166,225,546,571]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO6</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FDA67EE85F2D" box="[678,757,546,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFDA6786B5F2D" box="[1064,1142,546,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FDCE786B5F75" box="[166,1142,586,611]" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FDCE7DBF5F75" box="[166,418,586,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FDCE7CFC5F75" bold="true" box="[166,225,586,611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO7</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FDCE7EE85F75" box="[678,757,586,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.32</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFDCE786B5F75" box="[1064,1142,586,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.83</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FDF7786B5F9A" box="[166,1142,627,652]" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FDF77DBF5F9A" box="[166,418,627,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FDF77CFC5F9A" bold="true" box="[166,225,627,652]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO8</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FDF77EE85F9A" box="[678,757,627,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFDF7786B5F9A" box="[1064,1142,627,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FD1F786B5FA2" box="[166,1142,667,692]" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FD1F7DBF5FA2" box="[166,418,667,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FD1F7CFC5FA2" bold="true" box="[166,225,667,692]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO9</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FD1F7EE85FA2" box="[678,757,667,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFD1F786B5FA2" box="[1064,1142,667,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FD47786B5FCA" box="[166,1142,707,732]" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FD477DBF5FCA" box="[166,418,707,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FD477CF05FCA" bold="true" box="[166,237,707,732]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO10</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FD477EE85FCA" box="[678,757,707,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFD47786B5FCA" box="[1064,1142,707,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FD6F786B5E13" box="[166,1142,747,773]" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FD6F7DBF5E13" box="[166,418,747,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FD6F7CF15E12" bold="true" box="[166,236,747,772]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO11</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FD6F7EE85E13" box="[678,757,747,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFD6F786B5E13" box="[1064,1142,747,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FC90786B5E3B" box="[166,1142,788,813]" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FC907DBF5E3B" box="[166,418,788,813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FC907CF05E3B" bold="true" box="[166,237,788,813]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO12</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FC907EE85E3B" box="[678,757,788,813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFC90786B5E3B" box="[1064,1142,788,813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FCB8786B5E43" box="[166,1142,828,853]" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FCB87DBF5E43" box="[166,418,828,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FCB87CF05E43" bold="true" box="[166,237,828,853]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO13</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FCB87EE85E43" box="[678,757,828,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFCB8786B5E43" box="[1064,1142,828,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FCE0786B5E6B" box="[166,1142,868,893]" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FCE07DBF5E6B" box="[166,418,868,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FCE07CF05E6B" bold="true" box="[166,237,868,893]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO14</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FCE07EE85E6B" box="[678,757,868,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFCE0786B5E6B" box="[1064,1142,868,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FC08786B5EB3" box="[166,1142,908,933]" gridrow="16" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FC087DBF5EB3" box="[166,418,908,933]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FC087CF05EB3" bold="true" box="[166,237,908,933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO15</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FC087EE85EB3" box="[678,757,908,933]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.79</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFC08786B5EB3" box="[1064,1142,908,933]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FC31786B5ED8" box="[166,1142,949,974]" gridrow="17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FC317DBF5ED8" box="[166,418,949,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FC317CF05ED8" bold="true" box="[166,237,949,974]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO16</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FC317EE85ED8" box="[678,757,949,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFC31786B5ED8" box="[1064,1142,949,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FC59786B5EE0" box="[166,1142,989,1014]" gridrow="18" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FC597DBF5EE0" box="[166,418,989,1014]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FC597CF05EE0" bold="true" box="[166,237,989,1014]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO17</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FC597EE85EE0" box="[678,757,989,1014]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.88</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFC59786B5EE0" box="[1064,1142,989,1014]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FB81786B5908" box="[166,1142,1029,1054]" gridrow="19" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FB817DBF5908" box="[166,418,1029,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FB817CF05908" bold="true" box="[166,237,1029,1054]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO18</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FB817EE85908" box="[678,757,1029,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.83</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFB81786B5908" box="[1064,1142,1029,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">-0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FBA9786B5951" box="[166,1142,1069,1095]" gridrow="20" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FBA97DBF5951" box="[166,418,1069,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FBA97CF05950" bold="true" box="[166,237,1069,1094]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BIO19</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FBA97EE85951" box="[678,757,1069,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFBA9786B5951" box="[1064,1142,1069,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.96</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FBD2786B5979" box="[166,1142,1110,1135]" gridrow="21" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FBD27DBF5979" box="[166,418,1110,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FBD27D355979" bold="true" box="[166,296,1110,1135]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eigenvalues</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FBD27EE85979" box="[678,757,1110,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">6.98</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFBD2786B5979" box="[1064,1142,1110,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">5.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FBFA786B5981" box="[166,1142,1150,1175]" gridrow="22" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FBFA7DBF5981" box="[166,418,1150,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FBFA7DBF5981" bold="true" box="[166,418,1150,1175]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Proportion of variation</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F72A1FBFA7EE85981" box="[678,757,1150,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34.91%</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F742FFBFA786B5981" box="[1064,1142,1150,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">28.52%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C44B0F86DFFF37090FB4C792A5812" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86DFFF37090FB4C792A5812" blockId="35.[151,1436,1224,1284]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF37090FB4C7D0A59F6" bold="true" box="[151,279,1224,1248]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">TABLE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Loadings of the first principal component (PC1) extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86DFFF3735DFB6878685812" authority="doriae" box="[858,1141,1260,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF3735DFB6878685812" box="[858,1141,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF374AFFB69792C5812" box="[1192,1329,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
C. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86DFFF374E5FB69792C5812" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[1250,1329,1261,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">vizottoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86DFFF370A1FA9078115A9E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="F913E698F86D002F70A1FA9778115A9E" box="[166,1036,1299,1928]" gridcols="2" gridrows="16" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FA977811583A" box="[166,1036,1299,1324]" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FA977DBF583A" box="[166,418,1299,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FA907D58583A" bold="true" box="[166,325,1300,1324]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FA977811583A" box="[958,1036,1299,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF373B9FA977FEE583A" bold="true" box="[958,1011,1299,1324]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PC 1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FABF78115842" box="[166,1036,1339,1364]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FABF7DBF5842" box="[166,418,1339,1364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FABF7CC45842" bold="true" box="[166,217,1339,1364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">GLS</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FABF78115842" box="[958,1036,1339,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FAE77811586B" box="[166,1036,1379,1405]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FAE77DBF586B" box="[166,418,1379,1405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FAE77CCE586A" bold="true" box="[166,211,1379,1404]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">CIL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FAE77811586B" box="[958,1036,1379,1405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.96</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FA08781158B3" box="[166,1036,1420,1445]" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FA087DBF58B3" box="[166,418,1420,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FA087CC658B3" bold="true" box="[166,219,1420,1445]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">CCL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FA08781158B3" box="[958,1036,1420,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.96</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FA31781158DB" box="[166,1036,1461,1485]" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FA317DBF58DB" box="[166,418,1461,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FA317CDB58DB" bold="true" box="[166,198,1461,1485]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PB</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FA31781158DB" box="[958,1036,1461,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.71</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1FA58781158E3" box="[166,1036,1500,1525]" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1FA587DBF58E3" box="[166,418,1500,1525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1FA597CD558E3" bold="true" box="[166,200,1501,1525]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BB</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9FA58781158E3" box="[958,1036,1500,1525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.75</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F98178115B0B" box="[166,1036,1541,1565]" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9817DBF5B0B" box="[166,418,1541,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9817CD25B0B" bold="true" box="[166,207,1541,1565]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MB</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F98178115B0B" box="[958,1036,1541,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F9A978115B50" box="[166,1036,1581,1606]" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9A97DBF5B50" box="[166,418,1581,1606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9A97CD55B53" bold="true" box="[166,200,1581,1605]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZB</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F9A978115B50" box="[958,1036,1581,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.91</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F9D278115B78" box="[166,1036,1622,1646]" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9D27DBF5B78" box="[166,418,1622,1646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9D27CEF5B78" bold="true" box="[166,242,1622,1646]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MTRL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F9D278115B78" box="[958,1036,1622,1646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.92</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F9F978115B80" box="[166,1036,1661,1686]" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9F97DBF5B80" box="[166,418,1661,1686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9F97CE15B80" bold="true" box="[166,252,1661,1686]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M1–M1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F9F978115B80" box="[958,1036,1661,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F92178115BA8" box="[166,1036,1701,1726]" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9217DBF5BA8" box="[166,418,1701,1726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9217CE65BA8" bold="true" box="[166,251,1701,1726]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M2–M2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F92178115BA8" box="[958,1036,1701,1726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F94978115BF1" box="[166,1036,1741,1767]" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9497DBF5BF1" box="[166,418,1741,1767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9497D1B5BF0" bold="true" box="[166,262,1741,1766]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MANDL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F94978115BF1" box="[958,1036,1741,1767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F97378115A19" box="[166,1036,1783,1807]" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F9737DBF5A19" box="[166,418,1783,1807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F9737CF15A19" bold="true" box="[166,236,1783,1807]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DENL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F97378115A19" box="[958,1036,1783,1807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.84</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F89A78115A21" box="[166,1036,1822,1847]" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F89A7DBF5A21" box="[166,418,1822,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F89A7CC65A21" bold="true" box="[166,219,1822,1847]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">CAL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F89A78115A21" box="[958,1036,1822,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">0.81</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F8C278115A49" box="[166,1036,1862,1887]" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F8C27DBF5A49" box="[166,418,1862,1887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F8C27D355A49" bold="true" box="[166,296,1862,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eigenvalues</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F8C278115A49" box="[958,1036,1862,1887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">9.98</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523167AF86D002F70A1F8EB78115A9E" box="[166,1036,1903,1928]" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F70A1F8EB7DBF5A9E" box="[166,418,1903,1928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF370A1F8EB7DBF5A9E" bold="true" box="[166,418,1903,1928]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Proportion of variation</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F27F06F86D002F73B9F8EB78115A9E" box="[958,1036,1903,1928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">76.80%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86DFFF470C0F8337CF85DED" blockId="35.[151,1436,1975,2038]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,153,467]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Given that population samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86DFFF37244F83C7EB05AC7" box="[579,685,1975,2002]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86DFFF37244F83C7EB05AC7" box="[579,685,1975,2002]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caatinga (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86DFFF3738AF8337FCD5AC7" box="[909,976,1975,2001]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceará</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86DFFF37400F833785F5AC4" box="[1031,1090,1975,2002]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Piauí</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF86DFFF37486F83378EE5AC7" box="[1153,1267,1975,2001]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
are phenotypically distinct from those from Mata Atlântica and Cerrado, but do not compose a distinct haplogroup, we treat this population as a subspecies for which the available name is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86AFFF4732EFF1E7F665DA5" authorityName="Taddei & Lim" authorityYear="2010" box="[809,891,154,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86AFFF4732EFF1E7F665DA5" box="[809,891,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">vizottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F86AFFF4741AFF1D79125DA5" author="Taddei, V. A. & Lim, B. K." box="[1053,1295,153,179]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="381 - 386" refId="ref47822" refString="Taddei, V. A. & Lim, B. K. (2010) A new species of Chiroderma (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Northeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 70 (2), 381 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 69842010000200021" type="journal article" year="2010">Taddei & Lim (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Subspecific recognition followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F86AFFF47181FF397E005DC1" author="Patten, M. A." box="[390,541,188,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="481 - 485" refId="ref45528" refString="Patten, M. A. (2015) Subspecies and the philosophy of science. The Auk, 132 (2), 481 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1642 / AUK- 15 - 1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Patten (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for phenotypically distinct and geographically restricted groups that do not form clades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86AFFF470C0FE817FE65CB9" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Furthermore, geographic variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86AFFF4727FFE817EF85C09" box="[632,741,261,287]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86AFFF4727FFE817EF85C09" box="[632,741,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be correlated with temperature and rainfall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132808BDF86AFFF47568FE817CAB5C55" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[336,1250,1142,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[332,1256,1137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dispersion of the two first principal components (PC1) of 20 climatic variables, and 13 morphometric variables of Chiroderma doriae. Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.744." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017541/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F86AFFF470C6FEAD7D305C55" box="[193,301,297,323]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 11. Loadings of the first and second principal components, extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 19 climatic variables, plus latitude, from collecting localities of Chiroderma doriae doriae and C. d. vizottoi." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tables 11</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6912183F86AFFF47163FEAD7D9E5C55" box="[356,387,297,323]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="35.[151,239,1224,1248]" captionText="TABLE 12. Loadings of the first principal component (PC1) extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements comparing Chiroderma doriae doriae and C. d. vizottoi." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">12</tableCitation>
|
||
). Precipitation in driest month (variable BIO14 of WorldClim), precipitation in driest quarter (BIO17), precipitation in warmest quarter (BIO18), temperature seasonality (BIO4), and latitude were the variables having the strongest correlation with size. This suggests that individuals are larger in regions having a more seasonal climate, or at higher latitudes, and in areas with greater rainfall (Appendix 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F86AFFF470C0FE3C7FBC5CC5" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,467]" box="[199,929,440,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86AFFF470C0FE3C7D525CC5" bold="true" box="[199,335,440,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
We recognize two subspecies in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF86AFFF472C5FE3D7F875CC5" box="[706,922,441,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967C82AF86AFFF472C5FE3D7F875CC5" box="[706,922,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chiroderma doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |