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<document id="2C71243462A7C3AD13F25542623B3407" ID-CLB-Dataset="22486" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4767.4.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec5a57ec-c8c1-410a-84b7-90e935e6c690" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774967" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F54FEA66-2CCB-4F87-99B9-E1C7DB5993F7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588142611060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Zhi-Teng" docDate="2020" docId="03B6DC38FFB6FFFDB5B6FF1F3D13FB9E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4767.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4767 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="586" masterDocId="FF8FA440FFB7FFF5B521FFFE3F40FFE1" masterDocTitle="The larvae of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) with biological notes on sympatric Nemoura nankinensis Wu (Plecoptera Nemouridae)" masterLastPageNumber="588" masterPageNumber="578" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1698838003893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="84FFEBC96B23E7F157EA17CDE35F67F7">The larvae of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) with biological notes on sympatric Nemoura nankinensis Wu (Plecoptera Nemouridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CCB727EE3815E4B9BB8D9870E596D143">Chen, Zhi-Teng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="15972435D93AFDEB7B03503F4FF5E0E5">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="B46296FEB184DB32C84342B605BB756A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4767.4.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B6DC38FFB6FFFDB5B6FF1F3D13FB9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796635" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163875201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6DC38FFB6FFFDB5B6FF1F3D13FB9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6DC38FFB6FFFDB5B6FF1F3D13FB9E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<subSubSection id="C3053EA5FFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3DDFFF1A" box="[151,671,225,252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3DDFFF1A" blockId="1.[151,671,225,287]" box="[151,671,225,252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<heading id="D0E8DA42FFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3DDFFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,671,225,252]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3DDFFF1A" ID-CoL="6WW7J" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,671,225,252]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3DDFFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,671,225,252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B5B6FF1F3EFFFF1D" bold="true" box="[151,447,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3053EA5FFB6FFF4B5B6FEFB3C05FE83" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB6FFF4B5B6FEFB3E54FEFE" blockId="1.[151,671,225,287]" box="[151,276,261,287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB6FFF4B5B6FEFB3E50FEFE" box="[151,272,261,287]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1971,1996]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1498,1523]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionStartId-4="4.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionStartId-5="5.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionStartId-6="6.[151,250,980,1005]" captionStartId-7="6.[151,250,1970,1995]" captionStartId-8="7.[151,250,1033,1058]" captionStartId-9="7.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[317,1280,211,1430]" captionTargetBox-3="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetBox-4="[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,181,954]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,1098,1944]" captionTargetBox-8="[379,1209,181,1008]" captionTargetBox-9="[337,1250,1116,1899]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[178,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[280,1308,181,1473]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId-4="figure@4.[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetId-5="figure@5.[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetId-6="figure@6.[151,1436,181,954]" captionTargetId-7="figure@6.[151,1436,1098,1944]" captionTargetId-8="figure@7.[379,1209,181,1008]" captionTargetId-9="figure@7.[337,1250,1116,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionTargetPageId-5="5" captionTargetPageId-6="6" captionTargetPageId-7="6" captionTargetPageId-8="7" captionTargetPageId-9="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Habitat of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017 and Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926. A. gate of Mt. Maoshan; B. main stream from top to bottom of Mt. Maoshan; C–F. different types of habitats." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Female larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. left maxilla, ventral view; B. left maxilla, dorsal view; C. left mandible, ventral view; D. left mandible, dorsal view." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. right foreleg, dorsal view; B. right foreleg, ventral view; C. right midleg, dorsal view; D. right midleg, ventral view; E. right hind leg, dorsal view; F. right hind leg, ventral view." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. abdominal terga 4–7, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 3–6, ventral view; C. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; D. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view. Terga and sterna indicated with numbers." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A–B. basal and apical segments of cerci; C–D. amplified basal and apical segments of cerci." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Female larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larvae hidden in leaf packs; B. twist and movement of larva; C. coexistence with larva of Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926; D–E. newly emerged adults; F–G. exuvia; H–J. sclerotization of male adults." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774969" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774971" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774973" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774977" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774979" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774983" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774985" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774987" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774989" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774969/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774971/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774973/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3774977/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3774979/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3774983/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3774985/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3774987/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3774989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Figs. 1–10</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB6FFF4B5B6FEB43C05FE83" blockId="1.[151,837,329,354]" box="[151,837,329,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB6FFF4B5B6FEB43D12FE83" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,594,329,354]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B5B6FEB43ED4FE83" box="[151,404,330,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. Zootaxa, 4319(1): 185.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3053EA5FFB6FFFDB5B6FE743D1FFD12" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB6FFF4B5B6FE743D74FE0C" blockId="1.[151,1436,394,493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B5B6FE743EC0FE44" bold="true" box="[151,384,394,421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Material examined.</emphasis>
Twenty-eight male adults, six female adults, one male larva, four female larvae and three exuviae,
<collectingCountry id="F3082DBEFFB6FFF4B5F4FE513E5CFE28" box="[213,284,431,457]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DBA3CCFFB6FFF4B406FE513EA9FE28" box="[295,489,431,457]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Jiangsu Province</collectingRegion>
, Jurong City, Mt. Maoshan (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB6FFF4B60CFE513C2BFE28" box="[813,875,431,457]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1971,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017 and Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926. A. gate of Mt. Maoshan; B. main stream from top to bottom of Mt. Maoshan; C–F. different types of habitats." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774969/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A-F),
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B0BE9FFB6FFF4B694FE503B7DFE28" box="[949,1085,430,457]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" precision="15" seconds="15" value="31.7875">31°47′15″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B0BE9FFB6FFF4B168FE503B9BFE28" box="[1097,1243,430,457]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" precision="15" seconds="23" value="119.30639">119°18′23″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE7C0CBFFB6FFF4B1C6FE513A71FE28" box="[1255,1329,431,457]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA14BEEFFB6FFF4B01CFE503F92FE0C" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" value="2020-03-05">5 March 2020</date>
, leg. Zhi-Teng Chen (ICJUST).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB6FFF4B5B6F84D3B77F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774969/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" startId="1.[151,250,1971,1996]" targetBox="[157,1430,514,1946]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB6FFF4B5B6F84D3B77F811" blockId="1.[151,1436,1971,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B5B6F84D3E55F82D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1971,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB6FFF4B4ADF84A3C0BF82D" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[396,843,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B4ADF84A3DCAF82D" box="[396,650,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB6FFF4B65EF84B3B8DF82D" authority="Wu, 1926" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1926" box="[895,1229,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Nemoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nankinensis">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB6FFF4B65EF84B3B1EF82D" box="[895,1118,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Nemoura nankinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E10DFFFB6FFF4B144F84A3B8DF82D" author="Wu, C. F." box="[1125,1229,1971,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" pagination="331 - 332" refId="ref3196" refString="Wu, C. F. (1926) Two new species of stoneflies from Nanking. The China Journal of Science and Arts, 5 (6), 331 - 332." type="journal article" year="1926">Wu, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A. gate of Mt. Maoshan; B. main stream from top to bottom of Mt. Maoshan; C–F. different types of habitats.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB5FFF7B5B6F8673F8EF837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774971/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="580" startId="2.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[213,1386,181,1919]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB5FFF7B5B6F8673F8EF837" blockId="2.[151,1436,1945,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB5FFF7B5B6F8673E53F853" bold="true" box="[151,275,1945,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB5FFF7B489F8643C23F853" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[424,867,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB5FFF7B489F8643DE5F853" box="[424,677,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB4FFF6B5B6FA243F8EF9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581" startId="3.[151,250,1498,1523]" targetBox="[317,1280,211,1430]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB4FFF6B5B6FA243F8EF9F6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1498,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB4FFF6B5B6FA243E52FA12" bold="true" box="[151,274,1498,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Female larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB4FFF6B498FA253C2DFA12" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[441,877,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB4FFF6B498FA253DF4FA12" box="[441,692,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB4FFF0B5E6F9BB3A49FD4D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1605,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,684]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB4FFF6B5E6F9BB3E30F9BE" bold="true" box="[199,368,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Mature larva.</emphasis>
Body length 7.0–8.0 mm. General color pale brown, appendages generally pale (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B001F9BB3ACFF9BE" box="[1312,1423,1605,1631]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1498,1523]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[317,1280,211,1430]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[178,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[280,1308,181,1473]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Female larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774971" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774973" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774971/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
). Head slightly elongate, oval shaped (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B711F9973D31F962" box="[560,625,1641,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–B), frontal area with two oblique fusiform sclerites connected by anterior ocellus (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B405F9733E3EF946" box="[292,382,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); labrum glabrous at anterior half, medially with a transverse row of pale, short hairs, posterior half mostly spinulose but with two small glabrous areas on each side of median line; clypeus broad and elliptical, medially elevated; epicranial suture pale. Three ocelli, reddish; compound eyes dark and glabrous; several glabrous areas present near the anterior and posterior lateral ocelli. Antennae slender (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B6C6F9073B69F8F2" box="[999,1065,1785,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C–F), slightly shorter than half of body length, basal ⅔ covered with dense bristles and apically fringed with several short bristles, apical ⅓ nearly gla- brous, pale with very short apical spines. Mouthparts typical euholognathan, glossa and paraglossa of labium knobshaped, equally short (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B4B6F89B3EB1F89E" box="[407,497,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); labial palp short, three-segmented (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B6B6F89B3CB1F89E" box="[919,1009,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); maxillary palp five segmented (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB4FFF6B04EF89B3FE4F842" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionTargetBox="[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. left maxilla, ventral view; B. left maxilla, dorsal view; C. left mandible, ventral view; D. left mandible, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–B); stipes of maxilla basally covered with sparse long spines; galea hook-shaped, outer margin of basal half fringed with several long bristles, apex with several short spines, inner margin glabrous; lacinia subtriangular and slightly sclerotized, with a long apical tooth and a comb with approximately 16 marginal spines. Mandible with four major unserrated apical teeth, base of the anterior pair of apical teeth with a short row of approximately 8 spines; marginal comb of about 15 thick spines posterior of the apical pair of teeth (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B6FBFF433B5AFF36" box="[986,1050,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionTargetBox="[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1329,1206,1959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. left maxilla, ventral view; B. left maxilla, dorsal view; C. left mandible, ventral view; D. left mandible, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C–D). Mentum pale; posterior half of submentum with two oblique, elliptical pale areas (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B7D8FF1F3C12FF1A" box="[761,850,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Cervix short, ventral aspect with two anterolateral conical sclerites (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B47DFEFB3EF5FEFE" box="[348,437,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum subquadrate with obtuse corners (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B69CFEFB3B59FEFE" box="[957,1049,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), mostly brown, covered by dense spinules, anterior and posterior transverse sutures dark. Meso- and metanota covered with sparse short bristles (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B04EFED73FFEFE86" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
); wing pads of mesonotum elongate, slightly constricted basally (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B6BAFEB33C9DFE86" box="[923,989,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G–H); wing pads of metanotum shorter, widened at basal half; dorsal aspects of wing pads scattered with irregular, black, short bristles. Coxae membranous and glabrous dorsally (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B4BAFE6B3D58FE4E" box="[411,536,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4A, G</figureCitation>
), but ventrally and laterally spinulose (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B6F5FE6B3B11FE4E" box="[980,1105,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" captionTargetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1294,181,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 4B, H</figureCitation>
); trochanters ventrally spinulose. Femora dorsally and ventrally covered with dense short spines except for a glabrous longitudinal median stripe (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B581FE233FA1FE19" box="[160,225,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. right foreleg, dorsal view; B. right foreleg, ventral view; C. right midleg, dorsal view; D. right midleg, ventral view; E. right hind leg, dorsal view; F. right hind leg, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
E–F), outer margin with sparse short spines and moderately long swimming hairs which shorten towards each end of femora, inner margin with two longitudinal rows of dark spines along the two ridges. Tibiae evenly covered with short spines except for a glabrous longitudinal median stripe on apical half of dorsal and ventral surfaces, outer margin with sparse short spines and moderately long swimming hairs which shorten towards each end, inner margin with two longitudinal rows of dark spines; two large tibial spurs present ventrally. Tarsal segments spinulose, outer margins with sparse short swimming hairs. Claws sharp and slender, apically sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFB2FFF0B1A5FD6F3B87FD4D" box="[1156,1223,657,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,705,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. right foreleg, dorsal view; B. right foreleg, ventral view; C. right midleg, dorsal view; D. right midleg, ventral view; E. right hind leg, dorsal view; F. right hind leg, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB3FFF1B5B6FBE53B49FB9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="582" startId="4.[151,250,1051,1076]" targetBox="[294,1294,181,1026]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB3FFF1B5B6FBE53B49FB9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB3FFF1B5B6FBE53E54FBD5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1051,1076]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB3FFF1B48FFBE23C2EFBD5" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[430,878,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB3FFF1B48FFBE23DECFBD5" box="[430,684,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. head and pronotum, dorsal view; B. head and pronotum, ventral view; C–D. basal and apical segments of antennae; E–F. amplified basal and apical segments of antennae; G. mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view; H. mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB3FFF1B5B6F83E3C40F81C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="582" startId="4.[151,250,1984,2009]" targetBox="[259,1329,1206,1959]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB3FFF1B5B6F83E3C40F81C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1984,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB3FFF1B5B6F83E3E52F838" bold="true" box="[151,274,1984,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB3FFF1B482F83F3C19F838" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[419,857,1984,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB3FFF1B482F83F3DDFF838" box="[419,671,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. left maxilla, ventral view; B. left maxilla, dorsal view; C. left mandible, ventral view; D. left mandible, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB2FFF0B5B6F87E3AD8F85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" startId="5.[151,250,1920,1945]" targetBox="[151,1436,705,1895]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB2FFF0B5B6F87E3AD8F85C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1920,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB2FFF0B5B6F87E3E54F878" bold="true" box="[151,276,1920,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB2FFF0B48FF87E3C2FF878" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[430,879,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB2FFF0B48FF87E3DECF879" box="[430,684,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. right foreleg, dorsal view; B. right foreleg, ventral view; C. right midleg, dorsal view; D. right midleg, ventral view; E. right hind leg, dorsal view; F. right hind leg, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB1FFF3B5B6FC2A3E25FBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" startId="6.[151,250,980,1005]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,954]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB1FFF3B5B6FC2A3E25FBD4" blockId="6.[151,1436,980,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB1FFF3B5B6FC2A3E55FC0D" bold="true" box="[151,277,980,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB1FFF3B495FC2A3C3AFC0D" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[436,890,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB1FFF3B495FC2A3DF3FC0D" box="[436,691,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. abdominal terga 4–7, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 3–6, ventral view; C. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; D. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view. Terga and sterna indicated with numbers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB1FFF3B5B6F84C3EB8F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774985/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" startId="6.[151,250,1970,1995]" targetBox="[151,1436,1098,1944]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB1FFF3B5B6F84C3EB8F80E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1970,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB1FFF3B5B6F84C3E52F82A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1970,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Male larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB1FFF3B485F84C3C1BF82B" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[420,859,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB1FFF3B485F84C3DE0F82B" box="[420,672,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A–B. basal and apical segments of cerci; C–D. amplified basal and apical segments of cerci.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB0FFF2B5B6FBF73EDDFBA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774987/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" startId="7.[151,250,1033,1058]" targetBox="[379,1209,181,1008]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB0FFF2B5B6FBF73EDDFBA7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1033,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB0FFF2B5B6FBF73E53FBC3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1033,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Female larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB0FFF2B4E0FBF43C3DFBC3" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[449,893,1033,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB0FFF2B4E0FBF43DFEFBC3" box="[449,702,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF603DA6FFB0FFF2B5B6F86B3E53F817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" startId="7.[151,250,1941,1966]" targetBox="[337,1250,1116,1899]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFB0FFF2B5B6F86B3E53F817" blockId="7.[151,1437,1941,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB0FFF2B5B6F86B3E61F84F" bold="true" box="[151,289,1941,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB0FFF2B409F8683DA7F84F" authority="Chen &amp; Du, 2017" authorityName="Chen &amp; Du" authorityYear="2017" box="[296,743,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB0FFF2B409F8683D66F84F" box="[296,550,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Du, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A. larvae hidden in leaf packs; B. twist and movement of larva; C. coexistence with larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFB0FFF2B485F8453DB4F833" authority="Wu, 1926" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1926" box="[420,756,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Nemoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nankinensis">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFB0FFF2B485F8453DC3F833" box="[420,643,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="585">Nemoura nankinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E10DFFFB0FFF2B7AAF8443DB4F833" author="Wu, C. F." box="[651,756,1977,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="585" pagination="331 - 332" refId="ref3196" refString="Wu, C. F. (1926) Two new species of stoneflies from Nanking. The China Journal of Science and Arts, 5 (6), 331 - 332." type="journal article" year="1926">Wu, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; D–E. newly emerged adults; F–G. exuvia; H–J. sclerotization of male adults.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFBFFFFDB5E6FF673E59FE16" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">
In male larvae: abdominal terga 4–7 and sterna 3–6 evenly covered with black short spines (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB1C8FF673A7AFF52" box="[1257,1338,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774971/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB069FF673A16FF52" box="[1352,1366,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,980,1005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. abdominal terga 4–7, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 3–6, ventral view; C. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; D. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view. Terga and sterna indicated with numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774983/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">7</figureCitation>
A–B); terga 2–8 each with two fusiform lateral sclerites; terga 3–8 each with four small adult muscle scars visible beneath larval cuticle; anterior margins of terga 1–9 with medially interrupted adult sclerites beneath exoskeleton. Tergum 9 with long spines less in number than previous segments, two transverse sclerites of adult present beneath exoskeleton of posterior margin. Posterior half of tergum 10 glabrous, rounded and elevated, enclosing a hook-shaped epiproct. Sterna 2–6 each with two black pits and anterolateral sclerites; an elliptical adult vesicle visible below sternum 9; paraprocts mostly glabrous, basally with several dark spines, apically with a single pale, long hair on each paraproct. Cerci mostly pale, much shorter than abdomen; basal cercal segment spinulose and brown, other segments pale; each segment with several long apical bristles, length of which does not exceed the segment length (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB5BEFE233FAFFE16" box="[159,239,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774971/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB5DAFE233E4BFE16" box="[251,267,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1098,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1098,1944]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A–B. basal and apical segments of cerci; C–D. amplified basal and apical segments of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFBFFFFDB5E6FDFF3D1FFD12" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">
In female larvae: abdominal terga 1–9 and sterna 1–7 evenly covered with black short spines (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB1C5FDFF3A72FDFA" box="[1252,1330,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1498,1523]" captionTargetBox="[317,1280,211,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[280,1308,181,1473]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017.A. larval habitus, dorsal view; B. larval habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774973/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB01EFDFF3A0FFDFA" box="[1343,1359,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1033,1058]" captionTargetBox="[379,1209,181,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[379,1209,181,1008]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female larva of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. abdominal terga 7–10, dorsal view; B. abdominal sterna 7–10, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774987/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">9</figureCitation>
); terga 2–8 each with two fusiform lateral sclerites; terga 2–8 each with four small dark pits; tergum 9 with two small dark pits; tergum 10 with two anterolateral sclerites and five glabrous spots, posterior margin humped. Sterna 2–3 each with two small anterolateral sclerites; posterior margin of sternum 7 with a glabrous median area; Sternum 8 with a funnel-shaped membranous area which with an inverted Y-shaped patch of long spines. Sternum 9 with two glabrous triangular areas on each side of median line. Paraprocts membranous, apically with one or two pale, long hairs on each paraproct. Cerci similar to male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3053EA5FFBFFFFDB5E6FD023D13FB9E" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFBFFFFDB5E6FD023B18FC46" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB5E6FD023E02FCF6" bold="true" box="[199,322,764,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB466FD033D1EFCF6" box="[327,606,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB466FD033D1EFCF6" box="[327,606,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Rhopalopsole vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the second Chinese species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB6ECFD033B27FCF6" authorityName="Klapalek" authorityYear="1912" box="[973,1127,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB6ECFD033B27FCF6" box="[973,1127,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Rhopalopsole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of which the larva has been associated. As with
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB455FCDC3EA7FCDA" authorityName="Yang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1995" box="[372,487,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB455FCDC3EA7FCDA" box="[372,487,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">R. hamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB77CFCDC3DB1FCDA" box="[605,753,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB77CFCDC3DB1FCDA" box="[605,753,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">R. vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit similar maxilla and cerci, but the mandible has larger apical teeth; the head, pronotum, and abdomen have dark brown markings; antennae and legs with apparently different spine patches (see figs.
<quantity id="4CE7C0CBFFBFFFFDB4CFFC973D76FC62" box="[494,566,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E10DFFFBFFFFDB71CFC973DFDFC62" author="Chen, Z. T." box="[573,701,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" pagination="172 - 180" refId="ref2841" refString="Chen, Z. T. (2019) Redescription of Rhopalopsole hamata Yang &amp; Yang, 1995 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based on the male, female, and nymph, with notes on the R. dentata group from China. Zootaxa, 4613 (1), 172 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4613.1.10" type="journal article" year="2019">Chen 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, since only two larvae of the 56 Chinese species have been described, any direct comparisons await further larval associations in this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA06D2EFFBFFFFDB5E6FC4E3D13FB9E" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB5E6FC4E3ECAFC2A" bold="true" box="[199,394,944,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Biological notes.</emphasis>
Unlike the sympatric
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB7A5FC4C3C69FC2A" box="[644,809,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Nemoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nankinensis">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB7A5FC4C3C69FC2A" box="[644,809,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">N. nankinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB619FC4C3C8DFC2A" box="[824,973,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB619FC4C3C8DFC2A" box="[824,973,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">R. vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found only in smaller (less than two meters wide) upstream sections with increase flows (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB7C1FC2B3C5DFC0E" box="[736,797,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1971,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[157,1430,514,1946]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat of Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017 and Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926. A. gate of Mt. Maoshan; B. main stream from top to bottom of Mt. Maoshan; C–F. different types of habitats." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774969/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–F). As is typical of many leuctrids, larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB00DFC283F84FBF2" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB00DFC283F84FBF2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">R. vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were associated with leaf packs. Larvae typically exhibited serpentine movement (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB141FC073BEFFBF2" box="[1120,1199,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,1116,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[337,1250,1116,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larvae hidden in leaf packs; B. twist and movement of larva; C. coexistence with larva of Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926; D–E. newly emerged adults; F–G. exuvia; H–J. sclerotization of male adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–C). Larvae moved to the upper surface of the leaves to emerge, then flew to nearby riparian vegetation (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB160FBE33BCFFBD6" box="[1089,1167,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,1116,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[337,1250,1116,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larvae hidden in leaf packs; B. twist and movement of larva; C. coexistence with larva of Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926; D–E. newly emerged adults; F–G. exuvia; H–J. sclerotization of male adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D–G). After emergence, larvae darkened with the first color change occurring with the pronotum (
<figureCitation id="132471ABFFBFFFFDB6FBFBBF3B6BFBBA" box="[986,1067,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,1116,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[337,1250,1116,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhopalopsole vespertilio Chen &amp; Du, 2017. A. larvae hidden in leaf packs; B. twist and movement of larva; C. coexistence with larva of Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926; D–E. newly emerged adults; F–G. exuvia; H–J. sclerotization of male adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
H–J). No obvious drumming behavior were observed for
<taxonomicName id="4C1F16ADFFBFFFFDB496FB983D0CFB9E" box="[439,588,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Rhopalopsole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
<emphasis id="B96BB13CFFBFFFFDB496FB983D0CFB9E" box="[439,588,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="586">R. vespertilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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