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<document id="5409C180EAEC6C1742FA13E2FED80737" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dcfda945-f761-4ebf-890b-5cdabc3ecb45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206009" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460294279421" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vardo-Zalik, Anne M. &amp; Campbell, Ronald A." docDate="2011" docId="0398B06F5C76E16DF6E0FBB9FEB1FD6B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02838p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2838" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acanthobothrium westi Vardo-Zalik &amp; Campbell, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFA1C8175C66E179F677FFE0FFB2FFCC" masterDocTitle="Five new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in elasmobranchs from the northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico with first records from smooth-hound sharks and guitarfish" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698251936871" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0DE357FC55011BFFC4E029AC83F92946">Five new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in elasmobranchs from the northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico with first records from smooth-hound sharks and guitarfish</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4CEEB6F6F89F43664EC468925E8DE2EA">Vardo-Zalik, Anne M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F9036C8E731AF0AD483AF621EAF6C2A">Campbell, Ronald A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6F08A47B51F4C86C5735AD8061E51A19">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0398B06F5C76E16DF6E0FBB9FEB1FD6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119399078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398B06F5C76E16DF6E0FBB9FEB1FD6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398B06F5C76E16DF6E0FBB9FEB1FD6B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C32B52F25C76E169F6E0FBB9FC5FFAE8" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6E0FBB9FDA4FBBE" blockId="16.[151,534,1112,1172]" box="[151,534,1112,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0C6B6155C76E169F6E0FBB9FDA4FBBE" bold="true" box="[151,534,1112,1139]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6E0FBB9FDA4FBBE" bold="true" box="[151,534,1112,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C76E169F6E0FBB9FE03FBBF" box="[151,433,1113,1139]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6E0FBB9FE03FBBF" bold="true" box="[151,433,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C76E169F7CEFBB8FDA4FBBE" box="[441,534,1112,1138]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6E0FB9CFE33FB58" blockId="16.[151,534,1112,1172]" box="[151,385,1148,1172]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C76E169F6E8FB9CFE95FB58" box="[159,295,1148,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 30" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[200,1376,223,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1388,223,1882]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 25 30. Acanthobothrium westi sp. nov. from Raja texana. 25. Scolex, note rounded bothridia joined by velum and length of cephalic peduncle. 26. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (left). 27. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (right). 28. Bothridium, note bothridial form and position of septa. 29. Terminal (mature) segment. 30. Detail of ovary. Note overlap of left lobe over right lobe posteriorly. Scale bars: Figs. 25, 29 = 100 um. Figs. 26, 27 = 35 um. Figs. 28, 30 = 50 um." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206015/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Figs. 2530</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C76E169F745FB9CFECBFB58" box="[306,377,1148,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 36" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[211,1378,177,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[211,1455,161,1920]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 31 36. New Acanthobothrium species from Gulf of Mexico. 31. A. ulmeri sp. nov., holotype. 32. A. westi sp. nov., holotype. 33. A. westi sp. nov., scolex from specimen 2.24 mm long. 34. A. ulmeri sp. nov., scolex from specimen 1.2 mm long. 35. A. schalli sp. nov. detail of hooks showing elongated tubercles. 36. A. schalli sp. nov., holotype, entire worm with 18 segments. Scale bars: Figs. 31, 32 = 250 µm, Figs. 33, 34, 35 = 50 µm, Fig. 36. = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206016/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">32, 33</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6E0FB23FF4EFB33" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6E0FB23FE2EFB10" bold="true" box="[151,412,1219,1244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548ABFDB5C76E169F7DEFB24FDB9FB10" box="[425,523,1220,1244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(USNPC 103841) and
<typeStatus id="548ABFDB5C76E169F550FB25FC20FB11" box="[807,914,1221,1245]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(USNPC 103838, 103840, 103843103845, 103847).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FAECFC5FFAE8" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" box="[199,1005,1292,1316]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FAECFEBAFAE8" bold="true" box="[199,264,1292,1316]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C76E169F778FAEDFDF9FAE8" authority="Chandler, 1921" authorityName="Chandler" authorityYear="1921" box="[271,587,1292,1316]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texana">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F778FAEDFE24FAE8" box="[271,406,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Raja texana</emphasis>
Chandler, 1921
</taxonomicName>
; Roundel skate;
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C76E169F572FAECFC34FAE8" box="[773,902,1292,1316]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rajiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C76E169F5E7FAECFC5BFAE8" box="[912,1001,1292,1316]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B52F25C76E169F6B0FAD0FD14FA1B" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FAD0FEFCFAA0" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FAD0FEC0FA84" bold="true" box="[199,370,1327,1352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="548ABFDB5C76E169F6B0FAD0FEB2FA84" box="[199,256,1328,1352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
Locality:
</emphasis>
western Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F32641E95C76E169F442FACFFD3FFA8B" box="[565,653,1327,1351]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0567BE5C76E169F4EEFACFFC9EFA84" box="[665,812,1327,1352]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="28.223333">28º 13.40 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0567BE5C76E169F54FFACFFC7CFA84" box="[824,974,1327,1352]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="-94.71917">94º 43.15 W</geoCoordinate>
at depth of 27.5 fathoms.
<date id="FF8F27B95C76E169F281FACFFAECFA8B" box="[1270,1374,1327,1352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1994-10-23">23. x. 94</date>
, coll. R. A. Campbell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FA97FB72FA43" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" box="[199,1216,1399,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FA97FE35FA5C" bold="true" box="[199,391,1399,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Other localities:</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0567BE5C76E169F7F9FA97FDABFA43" box="[398,537,1399,1423]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="27.976166">27º 58.57N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0567BE5C76E169F453FA97FD0BFA5C" box="[548,697,1399,1424]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="-95.36017">95º 21.61 W</geoCoordinate>
at 35 fathoms,
<date id="FF8F27B95C76E169F510FA97FC7EFA43" box="[871,972,1399,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1994-10-20">20. x. 94</date>
; coll. R.A. Campbell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FA7BFD8FFA78" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" box="[199,573,1435,1460]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FA7BFE39FA78" bold="true" box="[199,395,1435,1460]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Site of infection:</emphasis>
spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FA20FD14FA1B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" box="[199,678,1471,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FA20FEE0FA14" bold="true" box="[199,338,1472,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Prevalence:</emphasis>
2 of 11 individuals examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B52F25C76E169F6B0FA04FBB6F9EC" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0FA04FBB6F9EC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0FA04FEE3FA30" bold="true" box="[199,337,1508,1532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Etymology:</emphasis>
the species is named after Dr. Warwick R. West, mentor to RAC and former chairman of the Department of Biology, University of Richmond for his guidance and support.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B52F25C76E16AF6B0F9CBFCFFFD00" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B0F9CBFAE1F844" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C76E169F6B0F9CBFEE9F988" bold="true" box="[199,347,1579,1604]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Description:</emphasis>
Based on measurements of 8 whole mounted specimens. Small cestodes 1520 2340 (1950, n= 7) long, strobila consisting of 511 (10, n= 7) acraspedote segments, euapolytic. Scolex 215277 (241, n= 7) long by 200240 (224, n= 7) wide composed of 4 triloculate bothridia free at posterior ends; each bothridia with pad and apical sucker, and armed with one pair of bifid hooks. Bothridia 182232 (216, n=12) long by 82128 (102, n=12) wide, rounded posteriorly, joined by a velum (
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C76E169F4E8F95CFD40F918" box="[671,754,1724,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 30" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[200,1376,223,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1388,223,1882]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 25 30. Acanthobothrium westi sp. nov. from Raja texana. 25. Scolex, note rounded bothridia joined by velum and length of cephalic peduncle. 26. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (left). 27. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (right). 28. Bothridium, note bothridial form and position of septa. 29. Terminal (mature) segment. 30. Detail of ovary. Note overlap of left lobe over right lobe posteriorly. Scale bars: Figs. 25, 29 = 100 um. Figs. 26, 27 = 35 um. Figs. 28, 30 = 50 um." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206015/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), covered with filitriches and spinitriches over proximal surfaces and bothridial margins, divided into three loculi by thin muscular septa. (BL: BW) 1.75: 1 to 2.3: 1. Anterior loculus 72123 (99, n=12) long, middle loculus 3549 (41, n=12) long, posterior loculus 2742 (32, n=12) long. Ratio of locular lengths (A: M: P) 1: 0.29: 0.26 to 1: 0.35: 0.26. Apical pad 8099 (91, n=14) wide, bearing a single accessory sucker 2336 (31, n= 14) in diameter. Cephalic peduncle 216480 (265, n=7) by 7685 (82, n=7) wide, covered with spinitriches. Ratio of bothridial length to cephalic peduncle length (BL: CPL) 1: 1.14 to 1: 2.4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C76E169F6B9F874FB72F838" blockId="16.[151,1437,1219,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Hook dimensions: Hooks delicate, dissimilar in form. Lateral hook (n=8): A= 2528 (26); B= 4253 (48); C= 3848 (44); D= 6372 (68); E= 6373 (66); W= 3448 (42). Medial hook (n= 8): A = 2325 (24); B= 4957 (53); C= 3848 (43); D= 6976 (73); E= 6372 (67); W= 3249 (41). (THL: BL) 1: 2.5 to 1: 2.6.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E51F15C77E168F6E0F89AFB07F820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206015/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[200,1376,223,1876]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C77E168F6E0F89AFB07F820" blockId="17.[151,1436,1914,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F6E0F89AFEFFF85C" bold="true" box="[151,333,1914,1937]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 2530</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C77E168F72DF89AFDF4F85C" box="[346,582,1914,1936]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F72DF89AFDF4F85C" box="[346,582,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C77E168F43AF89BFD2CF85C" box="[589,670,1915,1936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F43AF89BFD2CF85C" bold="true" box="[589,670,1915,1936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F4AAF89BFCECF85C" box="[733,862,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C77E168F4AAF89BFCE9F85C" box="[733,859,1915,1936]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texana">Raja texana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F513F89BFCCFF85C" bold="true" box="[868,893,1915,1936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">25</emphasis>
. Scolex, note rounded bothridia joined by velum and length of cephalic peduncle.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F7CBF879FE67F862" bold="true" box="[444,469,1945,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">26</emphasis>
. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (left).
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F503F879FC3FF862" bold="true" box="[884,909,1945,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">27</emphasis>
. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (right).
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F34BF879FAE7F862" bold="true" box="[1340,1365,1945,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">28</emphasis>
. Bothridium, note bothridial form and position of septa.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F4E1F858FD1DF801" bold="true" box="[662,687,1976,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">29</emphasis>
. Terminal (mature) segment.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F5ACF858FC46F801" bold="true" box="[987,1012,1976,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">30</emphasis>
. Detail of ovary. Note overlap of left lobe over right lobe posteriorly. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F468F836FD2AF820" bold="true" box="[543,664,2006,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Figs. 25, 29</emphasis>
= 100 um.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F571F836FCCDF820" bold="true" box="[774,895,2006,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Figs. 26, 27</emphasis>
= 35 um.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C77E168F597F836FBEBF820" bold="true" box="[992,1113,2006,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Figs. 28, 30</emphasis>
= 50 um.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4E51F15C74E16BF6E0F88FFC4BF82D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206016/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[211,1378,177,1902]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C74E16BF6E0F88FFC4BF82D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1903,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF6E0F88FFEE6F849" bold="true" box="[151,340,1903,1926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">FIGURES 3136.</emphasis>
New
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF7E7F88FFDF3F849" box="[400,577,1903,1925]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF7E7F88FFDF3F849" box="[400,577,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Acanthobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Gulf of Mexico.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF50DF890FC2BF849" bold="true" box="[890,921,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF5D7F890FC4CF849" box="[928,1022,1903,1925]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ulmeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF5D7F890FC4CF849" box="[928,1022,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF273F890FBE7F849" box="[1028,1109,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF273F890FBE7F849" bold="true" box="[1028,1109,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF2BFF890FB55F849" bold="true" box="[1224,1255,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF299F890FA8CF84A" box="[1262,1342,1904,1926]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF299F890FA8CF84A" box="[1262,1342,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF333F890FA27F849" bold="true" box="[1348,1429,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF333F890FA27F849" box="[1348,1429,1904,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF68BF86EFEA9F86F" bold="true" box="[252,283,1934,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF756F86FFEC3F868" box="[289,369,1935,1956]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF756F86FFEC3F868" box="[289,369,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF701F86FFE74F868" box="[374,454,1935,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF701F86FFE74F868" bold="true" box="[374,454,1935,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, scolex from specimen 2.24 mm long.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF539F86EFCDCF86F" bold="true" box="[846,878,1934,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF504F86FFC63F868" box="[883,977,1934,1956]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ulmeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF504F86FFC63F868" box="[883,977,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF5A0F86FFB95F868" box="[983,1063,1935,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF5A0F86FFB95F868" bold="true" box="[983,1063,1935,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, scolex from specimen 1.2 mm long.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF6E0F84DFF05F80E" bold="true" box="[151,183,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF6CAF84DFEAFF80F" box="[189,285,1965,1987]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schalli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF6CAF84DFEAFF80F" box="[189,285,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. schalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF753F84DFEC7F80E" box="[292,373,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF753F84DFEC7F80E" bold="true" box="[292,373,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
detail of hooks showing elongated tubercles.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF53EF84DFCDBF80E" bold="true" box="[841,873,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C74E16BF507F84DFC7DF80F" box="[880,975,1965,1987]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schalli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF507F84DFC7DF80F" box="[880,975,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">A. schalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27660105C74E16BF5A0F84DFB95F80E" box="[983,1063,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF5A0F84DFB95F80E" bold="true" box="[983,1063,1965,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, entire worm with 18 segments. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF723F82BFE7FF82C" bold="true" box="[340,461,1995,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Figs. 31, 32</emphasis>
= 250 µm,
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF44AF82BFD6EF82C" bold="true" box="[573,732,1995,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Figs. 33, 34, 35</emphasis>
= 50 µm,
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C74E16BF548F82BFC3DF82C" bold="true" box="[831,911,1995,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Fig. 36.</emphasis>
= 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C75E16AF6B0FF77FCFFFD00" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
Strobila: Immature segments wider than long, 49 (6, n=8) in number, elongating with maturity. Mature segments 500624 (570, n=13) long by 160224 (195, n=13) wide, 13 (2, n=8) per worm. Genital pores 4556% (50%, n=10) of segment length from posterior extremity, irregularly alternating. Genital atrium indistinct. Cirrus sac postequatorial, 7284 long by 72 to 80 wide, pyriform in early segments, subspherical in oldest segments, tilted slightly posteriorly. Cirrus armed. Testes preovarian, 2024 (22, n=22) per segment, subspherical, 3048 long by 1938 wide, in two, single-layered columns, extending from anterior margin of ovary to near anterior extremity of segment. Testis distribution 710 (7.7, n=22) preporal, 23 (2.8, n=22) postporal, 1013 (10.7, n=22) aporal. Vagina anterior to cirrus sac, thick walled, arches from genital pore along anterior margin of cirrus sac to midline, turns posteriorly descending to join oviduct posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vaginal sphincter absent. Seminal receptacle not observed. Ovary posterior, 152176 long by 5788 wide, H-shaped, bilobed in cross section with 46 distinct pendulous lobules. Ovarian lobes nearly symmetrical, poral lobe often slightly (7%) longer (154179 by 27 30) than aporal lobe (
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C75E16AF7F2FDC4FE6AFDF0" box="[389,472,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 30" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[200,1376,223,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1388,223,1882]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 25 30. Acanthobothrium westi sp. nov. from Raja texana. 25. Scolex, note rounded bothridia joined by velum and length of cephalic peduncle. 26. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (left). 27. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (right). 28. Bothridium, note bothridial form and position of septa. 29. Terminal (mature) segment. 30. Detail of ovary. Note overlap of left lobe over right lobe posteriorly. Scale bars: Figs. 25, 29 = 100 um. Figs. 26, 27 = 35 um. Figs. 28, 30 = 50 um." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
), lobes may overlap posteriorly but not united. Mehlis gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 1723 long by 2021 wide. Uterus median, tubular, thick walled, extending anteriorly about 7985% of segment length. Vitellarium follicular, in 2 lateral columns, each column 12 follicles wide, extending from anterior ovarian lobes to level of second testes anteriorly, interrupted by genital terminalia on poral side; follicles irregular in shape, c. 1017 long by 713 wide. Excretory ducts lateral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B52F25C75E16DF6B0FD38FEB1FD6B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C75E16AF6B0FD38FE0EFAFC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6B0FD38FE8FFD3C" bold="true" box="[199,317,728,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF73EFD38FDE0FD3C" box="[329,594,728,752]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF73EFD38FDE0FD3C" box="[329,594,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new category 1 species based on the criteria of Ghoshroy&amp; Caira (2001). Distinguishing characters include the combination of small size, cephalic peduncle length, preovarian disposition of the testes, testis number, short extent of the ovarian lobes, and hook dimensions in contrast to other category 1 species. Compared to category 1 species in Atlantic coastal waters of the
<collectingCountry id="F32641E95C75E16AF23BFCA4FB56FC90" box="[1100,1252,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">United States</collectingCountry>
the presence of postporal testes and fewer testes (2024 vs. 3654) differentiates
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF505FC88FC79FC4C" box="[882,971,872,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF505FC88FC79FC4C" box="[882,971,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF279FC88FBDFFC4C" box="[1038,1133,872,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fogeli">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF279FC88FBDFFC4C" box="[1038,1133,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. fogeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it has fewer postporal testes (23 vs. 510) than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF7D6FC6CFD90FC68" box="[417,546,908,932]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lineatum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF7D6FC6CFD90FC68" box="[417,546,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. lineatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF445FC6CFD3EFC68" box="[562,652,908,932]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF445FC6CFD3EFC68" box="[562,652,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer testes (2024 vs. 3046), and fewer segments (511 vs. 5 60) than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF68CFC50FED6FC04" box="[251,356,944,968]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lintoni">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF68CFC50FED6FC04" box="[251,356,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. lintoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF43FFC50FD0EFC04" box="[584,700,944,968]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paulum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF43FFC50FD0EFC04" box="[584,700,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. paulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by fewer segments per strobila (511 vs. 2250), fewer antiporal testes (1013 vs. 1734) and shorter ovarian lobes (108154 vs. 620676);
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF59AFC34FBF5FC20" box="[1005,1095,980,1004]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF59AFC34FBF5FC20" box="[1005,1095,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer segments (511 vs. 1726) and fewer testes (2024 vs. 3857) than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4C4FC18FCF2FBDC" box="[691,832,1016,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="himanturi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4C4FC18FCF2FBDC" box="[691,832,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. himanturi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF267FC18FB0BFBDC" box="[1040,1209,1016,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marplatense">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF267FC18FB0BFBDC" box="[1040,1209,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. marplatense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(&lt;
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF2AFFC17FA9DFBDC" box="[1240,1327,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF32AFC17FF4FFBF8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.615" metricValueMax="8.44" metricValueMin="4.79" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.615" valueMax="8.44" valueMin="4.79">4.79 8.44 mm</quantity>
) with fewer segments (511 vs. 1830); and it is shorter than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF5CAFBFCFB8CFBF8" box="[957,1086,1052,1076]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mathiasi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF5CAFBFCFB8CFBF8" box="[957,1086,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. mathiasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF23AFBFCFB2FFBF8" box="[1101,1181,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF2BAFBFCFAFBFBF8" box="[1229,1353,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">1020 mm</quantity>
) which has bothridia longer than the cephalic peduncle.
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4CDFBA0FC0DFB94" box="[698,959,1088,1112]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4CDFBA0FC0DFB94" box="[698,959,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from Category 1 species described herein by the following:
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF7D8FB84FDB8FBB0" box="[431,522,1124,1148]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF7D8FB84FDB8FBB0" box="[431,522,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4D7FB84FCE3FBB0" box="[672,849,1124,1148]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lentiginosum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4D7FB84FCE3FBB0" box="[672,849,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. lentiginosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing shorter total hook lengths (6976 vs. 100140) and the absence of testes between the ovarian lobes (compare
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C75E16AF5B1FB68FB92FB6C" box="[966,1056,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[185,1399,219,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[173,1420,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Acanthobothrium lentiginosum sp. nov. from the Atlantic guitarfish. 9. Scolex. 10. Hooks. 11. Mature segment. Note posterior extent of testes. 12. Detail of bilobed ovary, inverted A-shaped. 13. Entire worm. Scale bars: Figs. 9, 11, 13 = 100 µm. Figs. 10, 12 = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206012/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="130A1DFC5C75E16AF22FFB68FBCAFB6C" box="[1112,1144,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 30" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[200,1376,223,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1388,223,1882]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 25 30. Acanthobothrium westi sp. nov. from Raja texana. 25. Scolex, note rounded bothridia joined by velum and length of cephalic peduncle. 26. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (left). 27. Hooks, note form of lateral hook (right). 28. Bothridium, note bothridial form and position of septa. 29. Terminal (mature) segment. 30. Detail of ovary. Note overlap of left lobe over right lobe posteriorly. Scale bars: Figs. 25, 29 = 100 um. Figs. 26, 27 = 35 um. Figs. 28, 30 = 50 um." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">29</figureCitation>
); it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF345FB68FA2EFB6C" box="[1330,1436,1160,1184]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schalli">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF345FB68FA2EFB6C" box="[1330,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. schalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of testes between ovarian lobes; it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF530FB4CFC1DFB08" box="[839,943,1196,1220]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF530FB4CFC1DFB08" box="[839,943,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by numerous scolex features including total hook length (6376 vs. 80103), and bothridia consistently shorter than the longer cephalic peduncle (216480 vs. 48176) resulting in (BL: CPL) ratio of (1: 1.142.4 vs. 1: 0.150.4) and locular length ratio (A:M:P) of 1: 0.29 0.35: 0.26 vs. 1: 0.4: 0.48.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C75E16AF6B0FADCFB27F983" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
Only a few species of
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF7C8FADCFD31FA98" box="[447,643,1340,1364]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF7C8FADCFD31FA98" box="[447,643,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea that closely resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6E0FA80FF42FAB4" box="[151,240,1376,1400]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6E0FA80FF42FAB4" box="[151,240,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known well enough for critical comparison. In his review of the genus
<bibRefCitation id="EFA07C885C75E16AF241FA80FB5FFAB4" author="Williams" box="[1078,1261,1376,1400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Williams, H. H. (1969) The Genus Acanthobothrium Beneden 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea). Nytt Magasin for Zoologi, 17, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1969">Williams (1969)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out the need for redescription of several species from the eastern North Atlantic similar to species described from elasmobranchs in the western North Atlantic. Among those descriptions are
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF5D4FA48FB9AFA0C" box="[931,1064,1448,1472]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benedeni">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF5D4FA48FB9AFA0C" box="[931,1064,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. benedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the large and small forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6E0FA2CFEB9FA28" box="[151,267,1484,1508]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="filicolle">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6E0FA2CFEB9FA28" box="[151,267,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. filicolle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which may be a mix of species and remain unresolved. Of the recognizable species that are comparable,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6E0FA10FF42F9C4" box="[151,240,1520,1544]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6E0FA10FF42F9C4" box="[151,240,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks lappets on the bothridial margins seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF571FA10FC27F9C4" box="[774,917,1520,1544]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF571FA10FC27F9C4" box="[774,917,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF5BBFA10FBEBF9C4" box="[972,1113,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF5BBFA10FBE6F9C4" box="[972,1108,1520,1544]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="edwardsi">A. edwardsi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF34DFA10FA2EF9C4" box="[1338,1436,1520,1544]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF34DFA10FA2EF9C4" box="[1338,1436,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a vaginal sphincter and testes between the ovarian lobes; and it is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF2A6F9F4FA2EF9E0" box="[1233,1436,1556,1580]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quadripartitum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF2A6F9F4FA2EF9E0" box="[1233,1436,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. quadripartitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6B1F9D8FED2F99C" box="[198,352,1592,1616]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tripartitum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6B1F9D8FED2F99C" box="[198,352,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. tripartitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing symmetrical ovarian lobes that do not reach the cirrus sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C75E16AF6B0F9BCFEE0F8EB" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6B0F9BCFE79F9B8" box="[199,459,1628,1652]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6B0F9BCFE79F9B8" box="[199,459,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other category 1 species from the eastern Pacific as follows: from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF6A3F960FEF0F954" box="[212,322,1664,1688]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monksi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF6A3F960FEF0F954" box="[212,322,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. monksi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller size (up to
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF448F99FFD27F95B" box="[575,661,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
vs. up to
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C75E16AF576F99FFCEAF95B" box="[769,856,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
) and fewer segments than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF2F6F960FB5DF954" box="[1153,1263,1664,1688]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monksi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF2F6F960FB5DF954" box="[1153,1263,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. monksi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF352F960FAC2F954" box="[1317,1392,1664,1688]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="royi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF352F960FAC2F954" box="[1317,1392,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. royi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5 11 vs. 2448, 1926 respectively); it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4BAF944FCDBF970" box="[717,873,1700,1724]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nicoyaense">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4BAF944FCDBF970" box="[717,873,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. nicoyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of a vaginal sphincter and protruding genital pore; it has smaller bothridia (182232 vs. 422435) and smaller medial total hook length (6976 vs. 163 166) than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF77FF90CFE2DF8C8" box="[264,415,1772,1796]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atahualpai">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF77FF90CFE2DF8C8" box="[264,415,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. atahualpai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4F7F90CFC94F8C8" box="[640,806,1772,1796]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="minusculum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4F7F90CFC94F8C8" box="[640,806,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. minusculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF52BF90CFC7FF8C8" box="[860,973,1772,1796]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dollyae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF52BF90CFC7FF8C8" box="[860,973,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. dollyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in number of testes (2024 vs. 610, 42 45 respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C75E16DF6B0F8D4FAB9FEF3" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,679]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
Of the category 1 species from the Indo-Pacific region
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF542F8D4FC3DF880" box="[821,911,1844,1868]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF542F8D4FC3DF880" box="[821,911,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF253F8D4FB36F880" box="[1060,1156,1844,1868]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="foulki">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF253F8D4FB36F880" box="[1060,1156,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. foulki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF2CBF8D4FA98F880" box="[1212,1322,1844,1868]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="larsoni">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF2CBF8D4FA98F880" box="[1212,1322,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. larsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF34EF8D4FE99F8BC" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marymichaelorum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF34EF8D4FAF8F880" box="[1337,1354,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF32EF8D5FE99F8BC" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">marymichaelorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF74DF8B8FE25F8BC" box="[314,407,1880,1904]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="saliki">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF74DF8B8FE25F8BC" box="[314,407,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. saliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF7B8F8B8FDD0F8BC" box="[463,610,1880,1904]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="southwelli">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF7B8F8B8FDD0F8BC" box="[463,610,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. southwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of postovarian testes and from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF206F8B8FB6AF8BC" box="[1137,1240,1880,1904]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="guptai">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF206F8B8FB6AF8BC" box="[1137,1240,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. guptai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by testis number (2024 vs. 4445). It lacks the horizontal band of musculature across the posterior loculi possessed by
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF352F89CFA2EF858" box="[1317,1436,1916,1940]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asnihae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF352F89CFA2EF858" box="[1317,1436,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. asnihae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absence of postporal testes of
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF463F840FD38F874" box="[532,650,1952,1976]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnomus">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF463F840FD38F874" box="[532,650,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">A. gnomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF4EFF840FC2EF874" box="[664,924,1952,1976]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF4EFF840FC2EF874" box="[664,924,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader, rounder posterior loculus compared to the abruptly acuminate posterior loculus of
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C75E16AF490F824FAB6F810" authority="Reyda &amp; Caira, 2006" authorityName="Reyda &amp; Caira" authorityYear="2006" box="[743,1284,1988,2012]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lepidum">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C75E16AF490F824FBBEF810" box="[743,1036,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Acanthobothrium lepidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA07C885C75E16AF263F824FAB6F810" author="Reyda" box="[1044,1284,1988,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Reyda, F. B. &amp; Caira, J. N. (2006) Five new species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from Himantura uarnicoides (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in Malaysian Borneo. Comparative Parasitology, 73, 49 - 71." type="journal article" year="2006">Reyda &amp; Caira, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF6A3FF78FE10FF7C" box="[212,418,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oceanharvestae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF6A3FF78FE10FF7C" box="[212,418,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. oceanharvestae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF7D8FF78FDE3FF7C" box="[431,593,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rowmanowi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF7D8FF78FDE3FF7C" box="[431,593,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. rowmanowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF4F1FF78FD4DFF7C" box="[646,767,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zimmeri">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF4F1FF78FD4DFF7C" box="[646,767,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. zimmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF5B5FF78FB89FF7C" box="[962,1083,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zimmeri">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF5B5FF78FB89FF7C" box="[962,1083,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. zimmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking postovarian testes; it is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF7E3FF5CFD8BFF18" box="[404,569,188,212]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rowmanowi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF7E3FF5CFD8BFF18" box="[404,569,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. rowmanowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by testis number (2024 vs. 3453), posterior position of the genital pore, fewer segments (511 vs. 1623) and smaller size (&lt;
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C72E16DF492FF3FFC8EFF3B" box="[741,828,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC9AC9C5C72E16DF51EFF3FFC54FF3B" box="[873,998,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="4.0">4 7.1 mm</quantity>
); and it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF2BAFF00FA2EFF34" box="[1229,1436,224,248]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oceanharvestae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF2BAFF00FA2EFF34" box="[1229,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. oceanharvestae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in number of postporal testes (23 vs. 611), testes between the longer ovarian lobes (176182 vs. 380711) which reach near the cirrus sac.
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF7C4FEC8FD0AFE8C" box="[435,696,296,320]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF7C4FEC8FD0AFE8C" box="[435,696,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">Acanthobothrium westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer segments than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF5AFFEC8FBF1FE8C" box="[984,1091,296,320]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zainali">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF5AFFEC8FBF1FE8C" box="[984,1091,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. zainali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5-11 vs. 1521).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E01795C72E16DF6B0FEACFEB1FD6B" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">
Category 1 Australian species to be compared with
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF57DFEACFCD1FEA8" box="[778,867,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF57DFEACFCD1FEA8" box="[778,867,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are:
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF5EDFEACFBACFEA8" box="[922,1054,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bartonae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF5EDFEACFBACFEA8" box="[922,1054,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. bartonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF25BFEACFB12FEA8" box="[1068,1184,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarkae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF25BFEACFB12FEA8" box="[1068,1184,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. clarkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF2DAFEACFAC7FEA8" box="[1197,1397,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="laurenbrownae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF2DAFEACFAC7FEA8" box="[1197,1397,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. laurenbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF3F3FEACFF58FE44" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF3F3FEACFF58FE44" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF68EFE90FE2DFE44" box="[249,415,368,392]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odonoghuei">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF68EFE90FE2DFE44" box="[249,415,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. odonoghuei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF7D8FE90FDAAFE44" box="[431,536,368,392]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rohdei">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF7D8FE90FDAAFE44" box="[431,536,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. rohdei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF45FFE90FD19FE44" box="[552,683,368,392]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pearsoni">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF45FFE90FD19FE44" box="[552,683,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. pearsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF491FE90FBCCFE44" box="[742,1150,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF491FE90FCD8FE44" box="[742,874,368,392]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="urolophi">A. urolophi</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF500FE90FBCCFE44" box="[887,1150,368,392]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">Acanthobothrium westi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs as follows: it has shorter medial/lateral axial prongs (4957 and 4253 vs. 8182 and 7694) and lacks the hook tubercles present in
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF6E0FE58FEA8FE1C" box="[151,282,440,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bartonae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF6E0FE58FEA8FE1C" box="[151,282,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. bartonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; possesses fewer testes than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF42AFE58FD62FE1C" box="[605,720,440,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarkae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF42AFE58FD62FE1C" box="[605,720,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. clarkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF4AAFE58FC17FE1C" box="[733,933,440,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="laurenbrownae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF4AAFE58FC17FE1C" box="[733,933,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. laurenbrownae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF5C4FE58FB81FE1C" box="[947,1075,440,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pearsoni">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF5C4FE58FB81FE1C" box="[947,1075,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. pearsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF207FE58FB5DFE1C" box="[1136,1263,440,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="urolophi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF207FE58FB5DFE1C" box="[1136,1263,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. urolophi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2024 vs. 45 52, 3146, 5660, 3441 respectively) but more testes than
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF543FE3CFC14FE38" box="[820,934,476,500]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF543FE3CFC14FE38" box="[820,934,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2024 vs. 811); it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF36BFE3CFA2EFE38" box="[1308,1436,476,500]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mooreae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF36BFE3CFA2EFE38" box="[1308,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. mooreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of a vaginal sphincter and smaller anterior loculus (72123 vs. 147175);
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF2F3FDE0FA9AFDD4" box="[1156,1320,512,536]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odonoghuei">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF2F3FDE0FA9AFDD4" box="[1156,1320,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. odonoghuei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has testes distributed between the ovarian lobes and has a cephalic peduncle with very long hairlike microtriches, not observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF757FDA8FECAFDAC" box="[288,376,584,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF757FDA8FECAFDAC" box="[288,376,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. westi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF45CFDA8FD20FDAC" box="[555,658,584,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rohdei">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF45CFDA8FD20FDAC" box="[555,658,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. rohdei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by in lacking a vaginal sphincter (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF2FBFDA8FB40FDAC" box="[1164,1266,584,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rohdei">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF2FBFDA8FB40FDAC" box="[1164,1266,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. rohdei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the cirrus sac does not extend beyond the midline; and from
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF4BDFD8CFCF0FD48" box="[714,834,620,644]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stevensi">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF4BDFD8CFCF0FD48" box="[714,834,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. stevensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C317AFA5C72E16DF500FD8CFBB0FD48" box="[887,1026,620,644]" class="Cestoda" family="Onchobothriidae" genus="Acanthobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="thomasae">
<emphasis id="B945DD6B5C72E16DF500FD8CFBB0FD48" box="[887,1026,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="61">A. thomasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which have testes between the ovarian lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>