250 lines
30 KiB
XML
250 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="4557906B71C0DCDD1CC4C4EFFFA323BC" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D72FF52AFF61583DFABE50F5" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nullibrotheini Soleglad & Fet 2003, new tribe" docType="treatment" docUuid="B2B63373-317B-49E8-B106-1569FF76E07B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="BEF65F31C8D3B5AA0BBA2EEB505CAC7F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7C1C730232C70B1598895F14E4DC3618">
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<mods:title id="10241377D6212C351158C7EDD0FF18EE">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B3535E63315F9CAFB4EC67D725CE9270" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE00D3A8642034FE844FCC8B51DFB94E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="85800955F02C84583574E9421BC6AEF9">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5E7969D76F72E5E958389954F966BBAC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5A6BDA0C7DDEDECFA5349ABBDFFD223F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E0AABAA531530A4B5A631C84B4AF46B6">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0681C330C505321DC64172FAD94A6E52">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A803918D3A931E0C3B41CA28CDB40F62">
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<mods:date id="4D8E94CBB394504DC4F24B4DDAFEEA11">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="891D034DC6DFCB1094B4EC71391D6E15">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="830E7942C00AE17B028940EDC8014B18" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0AE08DE543265224C9AA292794EE0B11">2003</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BEA70352D2CEEA1328DE674F25E32082">11</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F45D3B4F3D221565171DA7F80F475F30">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="ABAF16B5C98315C60B70AF81C79BDC96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1506422FB17F1995442359B4087C2866" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D72FF52AFF61583DFABE50F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785203" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2B63373-317B-49E8-B106-1569FF76E07B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D72FF52AFF61583DFABE50F5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFF61583DFD60506E" box="[192,720,1610,1633]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF61583DFD60506E" blockId="99.[192,802,1610,1908]" box="[192,720,1610,1633]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD72FF52AFF61583DFD60506E" box="[192,720,1610,1633]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF61583DFD60506E" bold="true" box="[192,720,1610,1633]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFEA7583DFDE9506E" authority="Soleglad & Fet" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[262,601,1610,1633]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="new tribe" tribe="Nullibrotheini">Nullibrotheini Soleglad & Fet</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26457AAD72FF52AFDC4583DFD60506E" box="[613,720,1610,1633]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFF51581FFC9250B2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF51581FFD765070" blockId="99.[192,802,1610,1908]" box="[240,710,1640,1663]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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||
<typeStatus id="54988861D72FF52AFF51581FFE955070" box="[240,293,1640,1663]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE20581FFD725070" ID-CoL="63GBL" authority="Williams, 1974" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[385,706,1640,1663]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFE20581FFDA45070" box="[385,532,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFDBB581FFD725070" author="Williams" box="[538,706,1640,1663]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98775" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1974. A new genus of North American scorpions with a key to the North American genera of Vaejovidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 40 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Williams, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF5158F0FC9250B2" blockId="99.[192,802,1610,1908]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF5158F0FE325091" bold="true" box="[240,386,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Composition.</emphasis>
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This new monotypic tribe is described here. It includes a single monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFD2958D1FCAB50B2" ID-CoL="63GBL" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[648,795,1702,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFD2958D1FCAB50B2" box="[648,795,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFF5158B3FAEF57FD" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF5158B3FD4B50D4" blockId="99.[192,802,1610,1908]" box="[240,763,1732,1755]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF5158B3FEC550D4" bold="true" box="[240,373,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D72FF52AFE2258B3FE6450D4" box="[387,468,1732,1755]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(southern
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<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFDE758B3FD5F50D4" box="[582,751,1732,1755]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF515894FC92517B" blockId="99.[192,802,1610,1908]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF515894FE7650F5" bold="true" box="[240,454,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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. The single known species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE935976FE755117" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[306,453,1793,1816]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFE935976FE755117" box="[306,453,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been originally assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFF615957FE9B5138" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[192,299,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
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as “
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFECE5957FE725138" box="[367,450,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Broteas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFECE5957FE725138" box="[367,450,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Broteas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” or
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFDA75957FD105138" box="[518,672,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Broteochactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFDA75957FD105138" box="[518,672,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Broteochactas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by earlier authors.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFEBE5948FE7B5159" author="Williams" box="[287,459,1855,1878]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98775" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1974. A new genus of North American scorpions with a key to the North American genera of Vaejovidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 40 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Williams (1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFE785948FDA25159" author="Williams" box="[473,530,1855,1878]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref98822" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1980. Scorpions of Baja California, Mexico and adjacent islands. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 135: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
), who described this genus, placed it in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE2A592AFDB8517B" box="[395,520,1885,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vaejovidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFDB8592AFD62517B" author="Stockwell" box="[537,722,1885,1908]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" refId="ref97854" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." type="book" year="1989">Stockwell (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFD42592AFCAA517B" author="Stockwell" box="[739,794,1885,1908]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="407 - 422" refId="ref97905" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1992. Systematic observations on North American Scorpionida with a key and checklist of the families and genera. Journal of Medical Entomology, 29 (3): 407 - 422." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFC9F5EB0FC5756F2" blockId="99.[830,1441,199,1786]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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transferred
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC1B5EB0FBFD56D1" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[954,1101,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC1B5EB0FBFD56D1" box="[954,1101,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
back to
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFB0F5EB0FAAC56D1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1198,1308,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
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||
; see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFAF25EB0FC3B56F2" author="Sissom" firstAuthor="Sissom" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" refId="ref96906" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 a. Family Chactidae Pocock, 1893. Pp. 287 - 322 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Sissom (2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFC375E91FC6C56F2" author="Sissom" box="[918,988,230,253]" firstAuthor="Sissom" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" refId="ref97042" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 c. Family Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876. Pp. 503 - 552 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="c">2000c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFCCF5F73FAEF57FD" blockId="99.[830,1441,199,1786]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFCCF5F73FBDA5714" bold="true" box="[878,1130,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFBDE5F73FA9A5714" box="[1151,1322,260,283]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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||
Peninsula separated from the Mexican mainland ca. 5.5 Ma ago. The
|
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<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFCD55F35FC4A5756" box="[884,1018,322,345]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Cape region</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
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<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFB895F35FAB55756" box="[1064,1285,322,345]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
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||
, where genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC9F5F17FC615778" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[830,977,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC9F5F17FC615778" box="[830,977,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFBE15F17FB5A5778" author="Williams" box="[1088,1258,352,375]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98775" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1974. A new genus of North American scorpions with a key to the North American genera of Vaejovidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 40 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Williams, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFB545F17FA9E5778" author="Williams" box="[1269,1326,352,375]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref98822" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1980. Scorpions of Baja California, Mexico and adjacent islands. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 135: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), has been isolated in Pliocene, which led to formation of cryptic species (Grismer, 2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFBEB5FE9FAA857BA" author="Riddle" box="[1098,1304,414,437]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Riddle" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="14438 - 14443" refId="ref96082" refString="RIDDLE, B. R, D. J. HAFNER, L. F. ALEXANDER & J. R. JAEGER. 2000. Cryptic vicariance in the historical assembly of a Baja California Peninsular Desert biota. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 97 (26): 14438 - 14443." type="journal article" year="2000">Riddle et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gantenbein et al., 2001a). Such an isolation could facilitate the survival of a relict lineage which led to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFB675FACFAE957FD" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[1222,1369,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB675FACFAE957FD" box="[1222,1369,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFCCF5F8DFBF6556D" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFCCF5F8DFBF6556D" blockId="99.[830,1441,199,1786]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFCCF5F8DFC6C541E" bold="true" box="[878,988,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Synapomorphies. Patella external
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFA235F8DFA10541E" box="[1410,1440,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">est</emphasis>
|
||
series with additional accessory trichobothrium; patella ventral surface with additional accessory trichobothrium; ventral edge of cheliceral movable finger with dentition; lateral carinae of metasomal segment IV present; chelal
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC9F5CE4FCEC54A5" box="[830,860,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">V1</emphasis>
|
||
carina distal termination curves towards the internal finger condyle. Important Symplesiomorphies. Chelal trichobothria
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC745CA7FC4654E8" box="[981,1014,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Db</emphasis>
|
||
basal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFBEF5CA7FBD954E8" box="[1102,1129,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Dt</emphasis>
|
||
situated at palm midpoint; patellar trichobothria series
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFBD25C98FB605507" box="[1139,1232,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
em
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFB335C8EFB2B5507" attach="left" box="[1170,1179,761,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
–em
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFB665C8EFB605507" attach="left" box="[1223,1232,761,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFAAB5C98FA865507" box="[1290,1334,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
esb
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFA8C5C8EFA865507" attach="left" box="[1325,1334,761,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
proximal of segment midpoint; neobothriotaxy
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB515D79FAAC552A" box="[1264,1308,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ch1</emphasis>
|
||
present on patellar ventral surface; neobothriotaxy
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB565D5BFA93554C" box="[1271,1315,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ch1</emphasis>
|
||
present on patellar external surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFCCF5D1DFABE50F5" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFCCF5D1DFABE50F5" blockId="99.[830,1441,199,1786]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFCCF5D1DFC56558E" bold="true" box="[878,998,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC565D1DFB3A558E" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[1015,1162,874,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC565D1DFB3A558E" box="[1015,1162,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a close affinity to its sister tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC415DFFFB8E5590" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[992,1086,904,927]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactini">Chactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In particular, the unique major fixed neobothriotaxic patterns for the pedipalp patella exhibited in both,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988861D72FF52AFBBF5DB1FBFC55D2" box="[1054,1100,966,989]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFBFC5DB1FB3955D2" box="[1117,1161,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ch1</emphasis>
|
||
, are quite distinct. All patellar external series match in position and pattern, though in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC115A74FBF35215" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1974" box="[944,1091,1027,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC115A74FBF35215" box="[944,1091,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Nullibrotheas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we see an additional accessory trichobothrium in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB975A55FBE45236" box="[1078,1108,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">est</emphasis>
|
||
series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A46D72FF52AFB0E5A55FAB35236" box="[1199,1283,1058,1081]" captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="50.[960,1036,1227,1250]" captionTargetBox="[205,1441,162,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-11@50.[205,1438,162,1441]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 86: Trichobothrial pattern of Nulli- brotheas allenii (Chactidae: Chactinae: Nulli- brotheini). Chela (left to right): external, ventral and internal views. Patella (left to right): external and ventral views. Solid lines connect Type C trichobothrial series. Open circles depict ortho- bothriotaxy; closed circles depict hypothesized accessory trichobothria." pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
). The patellar ventral series also exhibits an additional accessory trichobothrium (six total trichobothria in the ventral series in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC025A09FB8A529A" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[931,1082,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nullibrotheini">Nullibrotheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFB675A09FA95529A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1222,1317,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactini">Chactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Only one species is defined in this genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFB025AEBFAB852BC" baseAuthorityName="Wood" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1187,1288,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Nullibrotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB025AEBFAB852BC" box="[1187,1288,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">N. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFCFA5ACCFB9B52DD" box="[859,1067,1211,1234]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
is quite extensive, extending from Mulege in central Baja to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFBC55AADFB2C52FE" box="[1124,1180,1242,1265]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Cabo</collectingRegion>
|
||
San Lucas at the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFAC85AADFA1052FE" box="[1385,1440,1242,1265]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFCE75A8FFC415300" author="Williams" box="[838,1009,1272,1295]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98775" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1974. A new genus of North American scorpions with a key to the North American genera of Vaejovidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 40 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Williams, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A46D72FF52AFC5D5A8FFB8D5300" box="[1020,1085,1272,1295]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[192,268,1776,1799]" captionTargetBox="[242,1377,174,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-117@17.[242,1383,174,1745]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5: Diagrammatic cross-section of metasomal segments I, IV and V of “non-primitive” Recent scorpions, parvorder Iurida. Of particular interest, note lateral (L) carinae present on segment IV for genus Hadrurus; single ventral median carina (VM) on segments I and IV for genera Urodacus, Euscorpius and Vejovoidus; and the close proximity of ventral median (VM) carinae in genus Smeringurus. Note, although individual segment diagrams are to scale, they are not necessarily to scale between or within a species. Numbers inside diagrams refer to number of primary carinae present, and therefore exclude VMS carinae; obs. = obsolete, see Fig. 4 for definition of other terms." pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within this geographical range considerable overall size differences are exhibited, populations in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F821D72FF52AFBB35B41FBD15342" box="[1042,1121,1334,1357]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||
area reach sizes of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B26D72FF52AFAEB5B41FA2D5342" box="[1354,1437,1334,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. whereas adults in most other areas range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B26D72FF52AFAFC5B23FCDB5385" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In addition, color populations are present over this distributional range. These observations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFA975BE5FCC553C8" author="Williams" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98775" refString="WILLIAMS, S. C. 1974. A new genus of North American scorpions with a key to the North American genera of Vaejovidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 40 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Williams, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are based on the examination of over
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25FD4AD72FF52AFAD95BC7FC0153E9" count="280" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="generic">280 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. Williams decided this variability best be attributed to a single variable species. In support of this conclusion, based on the limited number of specimens examined by us, we detect no variability in the number of accessory trichobothria, showing consistency to the fixed neobothriotaxic pattern exhibited in this chactid subfamily. In scorpion groups that exhibit variability in neobothriotaxy, this variability can be useful in determining phylogenetic relationships within the group (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFCDA5894FC4350F5" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[891,1011,1763,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFCDA5894FC4350F5" box="[891,1011,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Euscorpius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFBA05894FB3950F5" box="[1025,1161,1763,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Anuroctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFBA05894FB3950F5" box="[1025,1161,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Anuroctonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFB375894FB4E50F5" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1174,1278,1763,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Hadruridae" genus="Hadrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFB375894FB4E50F5" box="[1174,1278,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Hadrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |