150 lines
17 KiB
XML
150 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="B5D14B952B66DBBC6071BD682E78DA34" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D720F525FF615F08FF445385" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Euscorpiidae Laurie 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CFCF77BFA8BAD69484BA303711450483" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="301144E9A98011FDDC2F162126661719">
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<mods:title id="B86C013EEA0C8CFE0C35CDEFD8605206">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6D9B132F955E698303E56002883B9C93" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="66B6B95B575F380B824C2DF448E54431">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C464ADC37DD849D6E12DE3C07DF69CC3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8593CB1D103888A9FD8E80F099518E13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A045F4BEF85C032F26582FD363E663E9">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0D63B68BBD7948C56DAF92C282144CFE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C41C978305E15E88539C0221354F2799">
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<mods:title id="198DE58E1F4484A18EFC12F6C28C2906">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="336BB1EA2819D64BA0FD7F88B03A7990">
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<mods:date id="5F0C34A8828BD5C12B708098189228AD">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="070E78EF25982CA6EC01281A39F894B8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="42A7EE7316CFA46243E51473C7145E0C">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D1C64AD4EEE65AC388C7EEF9EF872AF0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="03E4F957383FF06E67D930B680861794">2003</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2F8AFAB378D1E3CC10493FC962D03657" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="50E6E1BCC30928788E7D36D729CEF604">11</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5F645A1D1BC449267ACA774CA9E54879">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="22C19D5E0429A1BA39E0FCBB8409CA68">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="76D4B9A13E82A9D500C61F269B2F7B16">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E4BA2BCAA14553AEA2B733C2469F7AC0" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DCA504F8BCB71837FE3AAD9C06911BB2" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D720F525FF615F08FF445385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D720F525FF615F08FF445385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D720F525FF615F08FF445385" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D720F525FF615F08FDF25799" box="[192,578,383,406]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF615F08FDF25799" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" box="[192,578,383,406]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD720F525FF615F08FDF25799" box="[192,578,383,406]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF615F08FDF25799" bold="true" box="[192,578,383,406]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FEB65F08FDF25799" ID-CoL="9ZQ" authority="Laurie, 1896" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[279,578,383,406]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D720F525FF515FE9FD865462" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515FE9FD2757BA" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" box="[240,663,414,437]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D720F525FF515FE9FE9557BA" box="[240,293,414,437]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE215FE9FD2457BA" ID-CoL="4H4X" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[384,660,414,437]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FE215FE9FE4857BA" box="[384,504,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Euscorpius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D720F525FE5E5FE9FD2457BA" author="Thorell" box="[511,660,414,437]" firstAuthor="Thorell" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref98099" refString="THORELL, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (17): 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515FCBFED857DC" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" box="[240,360,444,467]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515FCBFED157DC" bold="true" box="[240,353,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Synonyms</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FE815FACFEE6541E" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE815FACFDC157FD" ID-CoL="8KTMJ" authority="Kraepelin, 1905" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[288,625,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpiopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905</taxonomicName>
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(valid as subfamily name).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515C6FFD865462" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515C6FFE325420" bold="true" box="[240,386,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Composition.</emphasis>
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The family includes three subfamilies (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FF665C40FEE75441" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[199,343,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euscorpiinae">Euscorpiinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FECC5C40FDA05441" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[365,528,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megacorminae">Megacorminae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FD875C40FD055441" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[550,693,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpiopinae">Scorpiopinae</taxonomicName>
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) and 11 genera (Soleglad & Sissom, 2001).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D720F525FF515C03FCAB5342" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515C03FD2154A5" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515C03FEC55484" bold="true" box="[240,373,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Europe, Asia, Africa (Mediterranean Sea coast), North America, South America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515CC5FD6B5215" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515CC5FE7554C6" bold="true" box="[240,453,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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. This taxon was originally introduced as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE585CA7FDD754E8" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[505,615,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
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. It was formally elevated to the family level by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D720F525FD8B5C98FD5B5509" author="Stockwell" box="[554,747,751,774]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" pagination="407 - 422" refId="ref97905" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1992. Systematic observations on North American Scorpionida with a key and checklist of the families and genera. Journal of Medical Entomology, 29 (3): 407 - 422." type="journal article" year="1992">Stockwell (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, and listed as a family in Fet &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D720F525FE5F5D79FD1D552A" author="Sissom" box="[510,685,782,805]" firstAuthor="Sissom" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" refId="ref96906" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 a. Family Chactidae Pocock, 1893. Pp. 287 - 322 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Sissom (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
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. Recently, Soleglad & Sissom (2001) conducted a detailed phylogenetic analysis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE335D3CFD90556D" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[402,544,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euscorpiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and introduced a number of sweeping taxonomic changes. They included in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FF615DFFFEFB5590" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[192,331,904,927]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euscorpiidae</taxonomicName>
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the former family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FDE15DFFFD605590" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[576,720,904,927]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpiopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpiopidae</taxonomicName>
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, transferred the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FEDD5DD0FE4355B1" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1912" box="[380,499,935,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Chactopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FEDD5DD0FE4355B1" box="[380,499,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Chactopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FD9B5DD0FD1855B1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[570,680,935,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
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, and introduced subfamilies and tribes. Soleglad & Sissom (2001) demonstrated the relationship of euscorpiid subfamilies as (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FF455A74FEC45215" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[228,372,1027,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euscorpiinae">Euscorpiinae</taxonomicName>
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, (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE275A74FD9A5215" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[390,554,1027,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megacorminae">Megacorminae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FD945A74FD775215" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[565,711,1027,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpiopinae">Scorpiopinae</taxonomicName>
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)).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515A55FCAB5342" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515A55FE5E5236" bold="true" box="[240,494,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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. The euscorpiids cover a remarkable disjunct range, which includes Europe and West Asia (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FEED5A28FE6D5279" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[332,477,1119,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euscorpiinae">Euscorpiinae</taxonomicName>
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), South and Southeast Asia (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FF665A09FEF9529A" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[199,329,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scorpiopini">Scorpiopini</taxonomicName>
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), South America (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FDB65A09FD2C529A" authorityName="Soleglad & Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[535,668,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactopsini">Chactopsini</taxonomicName>
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), and North America (
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE915AEBFE6052BC" authorityName="Soleglad & Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[304,464,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Troglocormini">Troglocormini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FE405AEBFD3652BC" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[481,646,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megacorminae">Megacorminae</taxonomicName>
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). Such a disjunction could indicate an ancient (Mesozoic?) age of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FF615AADFEFE52FE" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[192,334,1242,1265]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euscorpiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and could be explained by its Laurasian origin and subsequent differential extinction (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D720F525FD135A8FFE835321" author="Nenilin & Fet" firstAuthor="Nenilin" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref95029" refString="NENILIN, A. B. & V. FET. 1992. Zoogeographical analysis of the world scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Arthropoda Selecta, 1 (2): 3 - 31 (in Russian, with an English summary)." type="journal article" year="1992">Nenilin & Fet, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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), with migration of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D720F525FD8F5B60FD1D5321" authorityName="Soleglad & Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[558,685,1303,1326]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactopsini">Chactopsini</taxonomicName>
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to South America. Absence of xeric taxa is notable in this family.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D720F525FF515B23FF445385" pageId="108" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D720F525FF515B23FF445385" blockId="108.[192,802,383,1418]" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D720F525FF515B23FEEE5364" bold="true" box="[240,350,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See Soleglad & Sissom (2001) for details.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |