493 lines
57 KiB
XML
493 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="3FED22F61D124F557B3821424C143EAF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184149" ID-GBIF-Dataset="086e0d63-8af0-4ad1-8884-03fa56b5ea98" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184149" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459946287647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R." docDate="2008" docId="038A8789FFF2C15EFF1E77EA25B07FE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01878p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1878" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mitrocomium" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFB3FFF1FFE9C143FF89735727157A3F" masterDocTitle="On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698230720421" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4067DAAD371F866EC321D97195FA44B3">On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="541238EA7E9EFD6A24869613AE946C52">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B30E6DB0B69D059F9636E883FE169978">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="67A5F836753CA2408DD06AFCC0258814">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C98FC7394FF8302197EBC0DAB6967DE">1878</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="33868EE67587898CFE3ED58AFE7FB626" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184149</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A8789FFF2C15EFF1E77EA25B07FE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119376287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4669180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A8789FFF2C15EFF1E77EA25B07FE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFF2C15EFF1E77EA25B07FE0" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C158FF1E77EA26997EC0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF1E77EA26727EE8" blockId="27.[151,396,1213,1279]" box="[151,359,1213,1239]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0D481F3FFF2C158FF1E77EA26727EE8" bold="true" box="[151,359,1213,1239]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF1E77EA26727EE8" bold="true" box="[151,359,1213,1239]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF2C158FF1E77EA26287EE8" ID-CoL="7PJZW" box="[151,317,1213,1239]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF1E77EA26287EE8" bold="true" box="[151,317,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mitrocomium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF1E77B226997EC0" blockId="27.[151,396,1213,1279]" box="[151,396,1253,1279]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">(fig. 5G–H, table 11)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C158FF1E766225E97F73" box="[151,764,1333,1356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF1E766225E97F73" blockId="27.[151,836,1333,1388]" box="[151,764,1333,1356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311B1FFF2C158FF1E766225E97F73" box="[151,764,1333,1356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF2C158FF20766226887F73" ID-CoL="6RKY6" box="[169,413,1333,1356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF20766226887F73" box="[169,413,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mitrocomium cirratum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF2C158FE307662256C7F73" author="Calder" box="[441,633,1333,1356]" page="25" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF2C158FE30766225477F73" author="Calder" box="[441,594,1333,1356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder, 1991d</bibRefCitation>
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: 25
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 15–16.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C158FF1E760224517F53" box="[151,836,1365,1388]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF1E760224517F53" blockId="27.[151,836,1333,1388]" box="[151,836,1365,1388]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311B1FFF2C158FF1E760224517F53" box="[151,836,1365,1388]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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not
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF2C158FF36760225987F53" ID-CoL="6RKY6" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 182" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1879" box="[191,653,1365,1388]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF36760226A67F53" box="[191,435,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mitrocomium cirratum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF2C158FE33760225987F53" author="Haeckel" box="[442,653,1365,1388]" page="182" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF2C158FE337602254D7F53" author="Haeckel" box="[442,600,1365,1388]" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen (Craspedotae). Denkschriften der Medicinish-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 182
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 11 figs 9–11.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C158FF1E76CA23D17F88" box="[151,1220,1437,1463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF1E76CA23D17F88" blockId="27.[151,1436,1437,2023]" box="[151,1220,1437,1463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF1E76CA26967F88" bold="true" box="[151,387,1437,1463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FE1B76CA26C27F88" bold="true" box="[402,471,1437,1463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stn. 7</emphasis>
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:
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<date id="FF9D105FFFF2C158FE6176CA25787F88" box="[488,621,1437,1463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2008-03-27">27.03.2008</date>
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—several hydrothecae, but no gonothecae, on alga.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C158FF4C769226D97D20" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF4C769226D97D20" blockId="27.[151,1436,1437,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF4C769226407FE0" bold="true" box="[197,341,1477,1503]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description</emphasis>
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. Colony stolonal, with short (100–130 µm), upright pedicels arising individually from creeping hydrorhyza; pedicels widening gradually from base to distal end; a basal constriction separates them from stolon; one hydrotheca atop each pedicel. Hydrothecae 21–23 µm deep, widening considerably from base (75–90 µm) towards aperture (105–140 µm); margin circular, rim even, somewhat everted; a ring of desmocytes above diaphragm; no secondary hydrothecae have been observed. Hydranths with 20–22 filiform, amphicoronate tentacles, in one whorl. Intertentacular web present, although difficult to observe. Gonothecae absent. Nematocysts (undischarged capsules): large, banana-shaped (lateral view) capsules (31.0–35.5) × (6.6–6.8) µm, in intertentacular web; smaller capsules, most probably microbasic mastigophores, (6.9–7.4) × (1.9–2.1) µm, in tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF2C15EFF4C747A25277A8D" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C158FF4C747A257D7D80" blockId="27.[151,1436,1437,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FF4C747A26227D78" bold="true" box="[197,311,1837,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
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. No discharged nematocysts could be seen. However, the larger capsules are generally brittle and easily broke up in squash preparations. Therefore, a well-defined, isodiametric shaft, of roughly the same length as the capsule itself, could be observed. This leads me to the conclusion that the nematocyst
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<typeStatus id="5498883DFFF2C158FA94742A22457DA8" box="[1309,1360,1917,1943]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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corresponds to the microbasic mastigophore.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF2C15FFF4C749A27EF7B15" blockId="27.[151,1436,1437,2023]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The hydroid material from
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<collectingCountry id="F334760FFFF2C158FD81749A25627DD8" box="[520,631,1997,2023]" name="Bermuda" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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, assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF2C158FC99749A23477DD8" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[784,1106,1997,2023]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF2C158FC99749A248B7DD9" box="[784,926,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. cirratum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF2C158FC2E749A23477DD8" author="Haeckel" box="[935,1106,1997,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen (Craspedotae). Denkschriften der Medicinish-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF2C158FBF6749A22207DD8" author="Calder" box="[1151,1333,1997,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder (1991d)</bibRefCitation>
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, appears to have the same cnidome as the present specimens from Les Saintes. The large capsules in Calder’s (1991d) material seem to possess a shaft, as for instance that noticeable in his fig. 16A (more obvious in the upper side of the capsule). A comparison of measurements of the present material and that from
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<collectingCountry id="F334760FFFF5C15FFB0C73BF23E57B3D" box="[1157,1264,232,258]" name="Bermuda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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is available in table 11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C726F231D7B45" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
For the reasons explained by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFDAA726F25E77B6D" author="Schuchert" box="[547,754,312,338]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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, the generic name adopted here is
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFB07726F27C17B45" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFB07726F22397B6E" box="[1166,1324,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mitrocomium</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFABD726F27C17B45" author="Haeckel" pageId="28" pageNumber="50" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen (Craspedotae). Denkschriften der Medicinish-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pending a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the taxa involved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C72DF243A787D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Our actual data concerning both the entire life cycle and the cnidome composition of the nominal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFF3272E7264F7BF6" box="[187,346,432,457]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFF3272E7264F7BF6" box="[187,346,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mitrocomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are limited, and do not allow a clear distinction to be made between the various world records. However, several speculations can be offered, especially based on data on the nematocyst complement available in a number of recent studies (see below). Therefore, several populations with a defined geographical distribution could be distinguished, as follows.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C710727E27965" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The Mediterranean population is more likely attributable to
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFC0E710723D27855" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[903,1223,592,618]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
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<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFC0E710723007856" box="[903,1045,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFB94710723D27855" author="Haeckel" box="[1053,1223,592,618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="50" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen (Craspedotae). Denkschriften der Medicinish-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(see comments in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFF1E712F264678AD" author="Schuchert" box="[151,339,632,658]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and includes the following materials:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFCA8712F233078AE" box="[801,1061,632,657]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Haleciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microtheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFCA8712F233078AE" box="[801,1061,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Haleciella microtheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Hadżi (1914),
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFB7F712F27D17886" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torreyi">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFB7F712F27D17886" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Halecium torreyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFE8971F726607886" box="[256,373,672,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torreyi">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFE8971F726607886" box="[256,373,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. torreyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFEF471F725247886" box="[381,561,672,698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="variety" variety="intermedia">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFE3B71F725247886" box="[434,561,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">intermedia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFDD571F724977885" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[604,898,672,698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 46, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFC1971F723C67886" box="[912,1235,672,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFC1971F723C67886" box="[912,1235,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Campalecium medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFB7771F7228D7885" author="Huve" box="[1278,1432,672,698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="50" refString="Huve, P. (1954) Hydranthea et Campalecium, genres mediterraneens aberrants d'hydroides de la famille des Haleciides. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 13, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1954">Huvé (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFF1E719F267A78DE" box="[151,367,712,737]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFF1E719F267A78DE" box="[151,367,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eucheilota cirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFE1D719F256978DD" author="Brinckmann" box="[404,636,712,738]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann, A. (1959) Uber den Generationswechsel von Eucheilota cirrata (Haeckel 1879). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 31, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1959">Brinckmann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFD31719F246478DE" box="[696,881,712,737]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFD31719F246478DE" box="[696,881,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFC1E719F232178DD" author="Boero" box="[919,1076,712,738]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. (1981) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Marine Ecology, 2 (3), 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="1981">Boero (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFBE2719F227178DD" author="Boero" box="[1131,1380,712,738]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. & Sara, M. (1987) Motile sexual stages and evolution of Leptomedusae (Cnidaria). Bollettino di Zoologia, 54, 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="1987">Boero & Sarà (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The cnidome of this population is composed of large merotrichous isorhizas and smaller microbasic mastigophores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFF73704F269B790D" author="Boero" box="[250,398,792,818]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. (1981) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Marine Ecology, 2 (3), 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="1981">Boero 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFE29704F258C790D" author="Boero" box="[416,665,792,818]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. & Sara, M. (1987) Motile sexual stages and evolution of Leptomedusae (Cnidaria). Bollettino di Zoologia, 54, 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="1987">Boero & Sarà 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but unfortunately no measurements are available from these sources.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C703F26907EFD" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The recently-described Atlantic material assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFCBC703F24E279BE" box="[821,1015,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFCBC703F24F579BE" box="[821,992,872,897]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusifera">E. medusifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFBAD703F23DC79BD" author="Altuna" box="[1060,1225,872,898]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Altuna, A. (2008) The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [= Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa. Zootaxa, 1865, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Altuna (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comes very close to the Mediterranean specimens. The cnidome of the hydroid stage is composed of merotrichous isorhizas [(28–32) × (8–9) µm] and microbasic mastigophores [(6.4–8.0) × (1.8–2.2) µm], and no apparent differences could be observed compared to those illustrated by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFCA470B7230779C5" author="Brinckmann" box="[813,1042,992,1018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann, A. (1959) Uber den Generationswechsel von Eucheilota cirrata (Haeckel 1879). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 31, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1959">Brinckmann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFBC270B723FD79C5" author="Boero" box="[1099,1256,992,1018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. (1981) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Marine Ecology, 2 (3), 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="1981">Boero (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFB7E70B7229A79C5" author="Altuna" box="[1271,1423,992,1018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Altuna, A. (2008) The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [= Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa. Zootaxa, 1865, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Altuna 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the newly released medusae reported by these authors are likely identical (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFB29775F222C7E1D" author="Altuna" box="[1184,1337,1032,1058]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Altuna, A. (2008) The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [= Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa. Zootaxa, 1865, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Altuna 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the adult medusae raised by Altuna developed 4 perradial bulbs, each bearing one tentacle flanked by 2–3 pairs of lateral cirri, and 4 interradiar bulbs devoid of tentacles, but flanked by 2 pairs of cirri. There were 8 statocysts. Similarly, only 4 marginal tentacles were present in the medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFB3977D722307EA6" box="[1200,1317,1152,1177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Eucheilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFB3977D722307EA6" box="[1200,1317,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. cirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
raised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFF1E77FF26947EFD" author="Brinckmann" box="[151,385,1192,1218]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann, A. (1959) Uber den Generationswechsel von Eucheilota cirrata (Haeckel 1879). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 31, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1959">Brinckmann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C778724867C3D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The adult medusae obtained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFDD8778725EE7ED5" author="Altuna" box="[593,763,1232,1258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Altuna, A. (2008) The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [= Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa. Zootaxa, 1865, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Altuna (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFBAF778723E27ED6" box="[1062,1271,1232,1257]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFBAF778723E27ED6" box="[1062,1271,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lovenella cirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFF1E77AF26677F2D" box="[151,370,1272,1298]" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Bouillon, J. (1992) Planktonic cnidarians of the Benguela current. Scientia Marina, 56 (1), 65 - 112." type="journal article">
|
||
Pagès
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFF6B77AF26037F2E" box="[226,278,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Benguela current, with the difference that 8 tentacles, flanked by 3–4 pairs of lateral cirri, and 16 statocysts were reported by the latter author. However, adult medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFB427677224E7F06" box="[1227,1371,1312,1337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFB427677224E7F06" box="[1227,1371,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from nature may develop up to 16 tentacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFDED761F241E7F5D" author="Kramp" box="[612,779,1352,1378]" pageId="28" pageNumber="51" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959 a) The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medusae raised in the laboratory often experience slow and/or incomplete growth rates as compared to those from nature, as illustrated by the aberrant medusae (with only 2 tentacles or without cirri) obtained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFC8D76CF24BA7F8D" author="Altuna" box="[772,943,1432,1458]" pageId="28" pageNumber="48" refString="Altuna, A. (2008) The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [= Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa. Zootaxa, 1865, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Altuna (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is therefore reasonable to assume that Altuna’s material also belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFDAB769725BA7FE6" box="[546,687,1472,1497]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFDAB769725BA7FE6" box="[546,687,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the eastern Atlantic population is likely identical to the Mediterranean one, and both probably belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFD7676BF24997C3E" box="[767,908,1512,1537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFD7676BF24997C3E" box="[767,908,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C754722377C9D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFECC754725067C15" author="Schuchert" box="[325,531,1552,1578]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the Indian Ocean population is attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFBB2754722707C15" authority="Pictet, 1893" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1893" box="[1083,1381,1552,1578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFBB2754723A97C16" box="[1083,1212,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFB42754722497C15" author="Pictet" box="[1227,1372,1552,1578]" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Pictet, C. (1893) Etude sur les Hydraires de la Baie D'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 1, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and I concur. It includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFE0F756F254F7C6E" box="[390,602,1592,1617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFE0F756F254F7C6E" box="[390,602,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Halecium simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFD32756F24417C6D" author="Pictet" box="[699,852,1592,1618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Pictet, C. (1893) Etude sur les Hydraires de la Baie D'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 1, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFC05756F232C7C6D" author="Ritchie" box="[908,1081,1592,1618]" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Ritchie, J. (1910) The Hydroids. In: The marine fauna of the Mergui Archipelago, lower Burma collected by J. J. Simpson and R. M. Rudmose-Brown. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910, 799 - 825." type="book chapter" year="1910">Ritchie (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFBFF756F23EA7C6E" box="[1142,1279,1592,1617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFBFF756F23EA7C6E" box="[1142,1279,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFAAF756F264D7C45" author="Millard" pageId="28" pageNumber="52" refString="Millard, N. A. H. & Bouillon, J. (1975) Additional hydroids from the Seychelles. Annals of the South African Museum, 69 (1), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard & Bouillon (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The latter authors provided data on the cnidome, which contains large microbasic mastigophores [(33.6–36.0) × (7.2–9.0) µm] and “several other
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498883DFFF5C15FFCAF75DF24717C9D" box="[806,868,1672,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts in the tentacles” (sic).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C75E724297CCD" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFEF475E725DE7CF5" authority="Watson, 1993" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1993" box="[381,715,1712,1738]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcoicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFEF475E725057CF6" box="[381,528,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. alcoicum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFDA975E725D17CF5" author="Watson" box="[544,708,1712,1738]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Watson, J. E. (1993) Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 105 (1), 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1993">Watson, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains both large (20 × 4 µm, shaft 35 µm long) and small [(6–7) × 2 µm] microbasic mastigophores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFD19758F243A7CCD" author="Watson" box="[656,815,1752,1778]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Watson, J. E. (1993) Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 105 (1), 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1993">Watson 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C745722317D7D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
No data on the cnidome composition of the Japanese hydroid assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFBA5745723A07D26" box="[1068,1205,1792,1817]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cirratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFBA5745723A07D26" box="[1068,1205,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. cirratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Hirohito (1995) is presently available, and that material most probably does not belong to Haeckel’s (1879) species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15FFF4C740722157DAD" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Moreover, neither the nematocysts nor the adult medusa were described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF5C15FFBE6740727CB7DAD" authority="Torrey, 1902" authorityName="Torrey" authorityYear="1902" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Campalecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medusiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF5C15FFBE6740722277D56" box="[1135,1330,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. medusiferum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFACF740727C37DAD" author="Torrey" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Torrey, H. B. (1902) The Hydroida of the Pacific coast of North America. University of California Publications in Zoology, 1 (1), 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1902">Torrey, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and no comparisons could be established with its relatives from other geographical areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF5C15EFF4C74F725277A8D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="29.[151,925,152,218]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Therefore the present Caribbean material and that studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF5C15FFC1B74F723517D85" author="Calder" box="[914,1092,1952,1978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder (1991d)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could not be allocated to any of the existing species on the basis of cnidome composition. Additionally, life cycle studies are necessary in order to describe the adult medusa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF4C15EFF4C73E824887AE5" box="[197,925,191,218]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF4C73E824887AE5" blockId="29.[151,925,152,218]" box="[197,925,191,218]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF4C73E8264B7AE6" bold="true" box="[197,350,191,217]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Western Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFDC8739724857AE5" author="Calder" box="[577,912,192,218]" pageId="29" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder 1991d, present study</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6617FFF4C15EFF1E724624647B17" ID-Table-UUID="DF5C6617FFF4C15EFF1E724624647B17" box="[151,881,273,297]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C6617FFF4C15EFF1E724624647B17" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[151,1333,330,1087]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF1E724624647B17" blockId="29.[151,881,273,297]" box="[151,881,273,297]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E724626017B16" bold="true" box="[151,276,273,297]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparative measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF4C15EFDE0724525EC7B16" box="[617,761,274,297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Mitrocomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFDE0724525EC7B16" box="[617,761,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mitrocomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., in µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFD5B721D27E77E00" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<table id="F923C43FFFF43EBCFF1E721D22207E00" box="[151,1333,330,1087]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E721D22207B5E" box="[151,1333,330,353]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B721D24D97B5E" box="[722,972,330,353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB2721D22207B5E" box="[1083,1333,330,353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Calder (1991d)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E722222207BB3" box="[151,1333,373,396]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E7222256A7BB3" box="[151,639,373,396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pedicel</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E72F722207B88" box="[151,1333,416,439]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E72F7256A7B88" box="[151,639,416,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– length</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B72F724D97B88" box="[722,972,416,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">100–130</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB272F722207B88" box="[1083,1333,416,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">250–260</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E729D22207BDE" box="[151,1333,458,481]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E729D256A7BDE" box="[151,639,458,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydrotheca</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E72A222207833" box="[151,1333,501,524]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E72A2256A7833" box="[151,639,501,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– height</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B72A224D97833" box="[722,972,501,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">21–23</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB272A222207833" box="[1083,1333,501,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20–30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E717722207808" box="[151,1333,544,567]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E7177256A7808" box="[151,639,544,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– diameter at base</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B717724D97808" box="[722,972,544,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">75–90</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB2717722207808" box="[1083,1333,544,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">73–80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E711D2220785E" box="[151,1333,586,609]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E711D256A785E" box="[151,639,586,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– diameter at rim</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B711D24D9785E" box="[722,972,586,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">105–140</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB2711D2220785E" box="[1083,1333,586,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">118–147</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E7122222078B3" box="[151,1333,629,652]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E7122256A78B3" box="[151,639,629,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydranth</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E71F722207888" box="[151,1333,672,695]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E71F7256A7888" box="[151,639,672,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– number of tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B71F724D97888" box="[722,972,672,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20–22</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB271F722207888" box="[1083,1333,672,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFBB271F723417888" box="[1083,1108,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 22
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E719D222078DE" box="[151,1333,714,737]" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E719D256A78DE" box="[151,639,714,737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nematocysts</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E71A222207933" box="[151,1333,757,780]" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E71A2256A7933" box="[151,639,757,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– small capsules (microbasic mastigophores)</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B71A224D97933" box="[722,972,757,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">(6.9–7.4) × (1.9–2.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB271A222207933" box="[1083,1333,757,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">(6.6–7.4) × (1.9–2.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E707722207908" box="[151,1333,800,823]" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E7077256A7908" box="[151,639,800,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">– large capsules (microbasic mastigophores)</th>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFD5B707724D97908" box="[722,972,800,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">(31.0–35.5) × (6.6–6.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFBB2707722207908" box="[1083,1333,800,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">(33.8–36.6) × (7.3–8.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E70E5222079F3" box="[151,1333,946,972]" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E70E5256A79F3" box="[151,639,946,972]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E70E5256A79F3" bold="true" box="[151,639,946,972]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF4C15EFF7F70E5256A79F3" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[246,639,946,972]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Sertulariidae Lamouroux, 1812</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351334DDFFF43EBCFF1E70AA22207E00" box="[151,1333,1021,1087]" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C25DA1FFF43EBCFF1E70AA256A7E00" box="[151,639,1021,1087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF4C15EFF1E70AA25627E28" authority="Lamouroux, 1824" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,631,1021,1047]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E70AA25627E28" bold="true" box="[151,631,1021,1047]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E70AA26817E28" bold="true" box="[151,404,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena crisioides</emphasis>
|
||
Lamouroux, 1824
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5I)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF4C15EFF1E7722225C7EF3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF1E7722225C7EF3" blockId="29.[151,1436,1141,1228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311B1FFF4C15EFF1E7722225C7EF3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D1CFFF4C15EFF1E772225957EB3" ID-CoL="3862W" authority="Lamouroux, 1824: 613" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityPageNumber="613" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,640,1141,1164]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E7722266E7EB3" box="[151,379,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena crisioides</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFE0D772225957EB3" author="Lamouroux" box="[388,640,1141,1164]" page="613" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1824">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFE0D7722255F7EB3" author="Lamouroux" box="[388,586,1141,1164]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1824) Description des polypiers flexibles. In: Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (Eds), Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du Roi, execute sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Zoologie. Pillet Aine, Paris, pp. 603 - 643." type="journal article" year="1824">Lamouroux, 1824</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 613
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 90 figs 11–12.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFCEC7722235C7EB3" author="Vervoort" box="[869,1097,1141,1164]" page="260" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFCEC772223047EB3" author="Vervoort" box="[869,1041,1141,1164]" pageId="29" pageNumber="53" refString="Vervoort, W. (1959) The Hydroida of the tropical west coast of Africa. Atlantide Report, 5 211 - 332." type="journal article" year="1959">Vervoort, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 260
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 27A–B.—Van Gemerden-
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFF4E77C226A77E93" author="Hoogeveen" box="[199,434,1173,1196]" page="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFF4E77C2269C7E93" author="Hoogeveen" box="[199,393,1173,1196]" pageId="29" pageNumber="53" refString="Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, G. C. H. (1965) Hydroids of the Caribbean: Sertulariidae, Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 84, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoogeveen, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFD9E77C225FF7E93" author="Vervoort" box="[535,746,1173,1196]" page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFD9E77C225D57E93" author="Vervoort" box="[535,704,1173,1196]" pageId="29" pageNumber="53" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 18.—Millard, 1975: 263, fig. 87A–F.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFB5B77C2228D7E93" author="Calder" box="[1234,1432,1173,1196]" page="89" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFB5B77C2227A7E93" author="Calder" box="[1234,1391,1173,1196]" pageId="29" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder, 1991d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 47–48.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFED077E225087EF3" author="Migotto" box="[345,541,1205,1228]" page="60" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFED077E226E07EF3" author="Migotto" box="[345,501,1205,1228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 60
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11E–G.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFD3077E224FC7EF3" author="Medel" box="[697,1001,1205,1228]" page="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFD3077E224D07EF3" author="Medel" box="[697,965,1205,1228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" refString="Medel, M. D. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Atlantic Thyroscyphidae and Sertulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 320, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1998">Medel & Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A82108EFFF4C15EFB8177E223E47EF3" author="Schuchert" box="[1032,1265,1205,1228]" page="170" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFB8177E223A97EF3" author="Schuchert" box="[1032,1212,1205,1228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27 (2), 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 170
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 28.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF4C15EFF1E77AA25797F00" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF1E77AA225D7F28" blockId="29.[151,1436,1277,1503]" box="[151,1352,1277,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF1E77AA26967F28" bold="true" box="[151,387,1277,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFE1B77AA26C27F28" bold="true" box="[402,471,1277,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stn. 2</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="FF9D105FFFF4C15EFE6177AA25787F28" box="[488,621,1277,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2008-01-26">26.01.2008</date>
|
||
—two sterile stems, 1.0 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B7AFFF4C15EFC3377AA231F7F28" box="[954,1034,1277,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high respectively, on rock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF4C767225797F00" blockId="29.[151,1436,1277,1503]" box="[197,620,1317,1343]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF4C767226717F00" bold="true" box="[197,356,1317,1343]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498883DFFF4C15EFF4C767226177F00" box="[197,258,1317,1343]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334760FFFF4C15EFEFB767226F27F00" box="[370,487,1317,1343]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334760FFFF4C15EFE7A7672257C7F00" box="[499,617,1317,1343]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF4C15EFF4C761A25E17FB0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF4C761A25E17FB0" blockId="29.[151,1436,1277,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF4C761A26227F58" bold="true" box="[197,311,1357,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Recent descriptions of this species are available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFC16761A23467F58" author="Calder" box="[927,1107,1357,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder (1991d)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFB05761A22517F58" author="Migotto" box="[1164,1348,1357,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. For an extensive synonymy, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFE49762225E57FB0" author="Medel" box="[448,752,1397,1423]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" refString="Medel, M. D. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Atlantic Thyroscyphidae and Sertulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 320, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1998">Medel & Vervoort (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396514FFF4C15EFF4C76CA25B07FE0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C369FFFF4C15EFF4C76CA25B07FE0" blockId="29.[151,1436,1277,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EA8DFFF4C15EFF4C76CA264B7F88" bold="true" box="[197,350,1437,1463]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFC2576CA23447F88" author="Calder" box="[940,1105,1437,1463]" pageId="29" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 d) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="d">Calder 1991d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Caribbean records are summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B6EFFF4C15EFEDB769225B47FE0" author="Calder" box="[338,673,1477,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="49" refString="Calder, D. R. & Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3): 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder & Kirkendale (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |