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<mods:title id="AAF6CDC5C058474073A8F5E66E000C75">Two new species of Clito from South America and a revision of the Clito littera group (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038087FEFFC6FFD7F691F9283FF4C283" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119588490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6140314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FEFFC6FFD7F691F9283FF4C283" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087FEFFC6FFD7F691F9283FF4C283" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC6FFDAF691F9283D5BC5CA" blockId="7.[151,608,1702,1762]" box="[151,608,1702,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="D0DE8184FFC6FFDAF691F9283D5BC5CA" bold="true" box="[151,608,1702,1729]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC6FFDAF691F9283EFFC5CA" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Grishin" box="[151,452,1702,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palotschka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC6FFDAF691F9283E60C5CB" bold="true" box="[151,347,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Clito palotschka</emphasis>
Grishin
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E5781FFC6FFDAF7D7F9293D5BC5CA" box="[465,608,1703,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC6FFDAF691F9473D65C5E9" blockId="7.[151,608,1702,1762]" box="[151,606,1737,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
(
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC6FFDAF699F9473E30C5E9" box="[159,267,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. New species of Clito from the C. littera group. 1 – 6. C. palotschka n. sp.: Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita-San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 – 300 m: 1 – 2. holotype, 4 - Mar- 2001, leg. D. H. Ahrenholz (valva in situ Fig. 26 k); 3 – 6. paratypes, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis: 3 – 4. (valva in situ Fig. 26 j); 5 – 6. genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 43 (genitalia Figs. 24, 26 h). 7 – 8. C. litteroides n. sp., holotype, Venezuela: Aragua State, Rancho Grande [Biological Station, approximate GPS coordinates 10 ° 21 ' N 67 ° 41 ' W], elevation 1100 m, 4 - Jun- 1985, leg. S. S. Nicolay, genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 42 (genitalia Figs. 25, 26 b, c). All specimens are males and are in USNM collection. Dorsal and ventral surfaces are shown on odd- and even-numbered figures, respectively. Labels are shown between specimen images. Labels are reduced 2.5 times compared to specimens: small scale bar below P. palotschka holotype labels refers to labels, and larger scale bars refer to specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252286/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC6FFDAF710F9443E0FC5E9" box="[278,308,1738,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,198,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 24. Clito palotschka n. sp. male genitalia, paratype. Genitalia vial No. NVG 130614 - 43 [USNM] (specimen Figs. 5 – 6). Genital capsule in different views: a. right posterolateral; b. dorsal; c. left laterodorsal; d. right laterodorsal; e. left lateral; f. right lateral; g. right anteriorlateral; h. right ventrolateral; i. posterior; j. anterior; k. ventral. All images are to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC6FFDAF746F9473E65C5E9" box="[320,350,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[202,1373,193,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1373,193,1183]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male genitalia of Clito littera group species. a, g. C. littera lectotype, designated here, &quot; Brasil &quot;, P. Mabille collection 1923, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982948 [BMNH], in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off: a. various views rotating from right posterolateral through posterior to left posterolateral; g. ventrolateral (specimen Figs. 9 – 10); b, c. C. litteroides holotype, Venezuela: Aragua State, Rancho Grande [Biological Station, approximate GPS coordinates 10 ° 21 ' N 67 ° 41 ' W], elevation 1100 m, 4 - Jun- 1985, leg. S. S. Nicolay, genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 42 [USNM]: b. section of complete genitalia in posterolateral view; c. complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 7 – 8); d. C. nebulosa holotype, ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Mielke &amp; Schröder (1994) (specimen Figs. 15 – 16); e, f. C. trinidadensis holotype, Trinidad, Morne Catherine, 24 - Mar- 1982, leg. M. J. W. Cock, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982949 [BMNH], dorsal and lateral views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Cock (1998) (specimen Figs. 17 – 18); h. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis [USNM], complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 5 – 6); i. C. jonkersi holotype, Surinam, Domburg, 8 - Mar- 1975, leg. E. H. Jonkers [RMNH], lateral internal view of left valva and lateral view of uncus and gnathos, illustration from de Jong (1983) (specimen Figs. 19 – 20); j. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis [USNM], right valva and uncus in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 3 – 4); k. C. palotschka holotype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, 4 - Mar- 2001, leg. D. H. Ahrenholz [USNM], right valva in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 1 – 2); l. C. anda, Brazil: Rondônia, Cacaulândia municipality, Fazenda Rancho Grande, genitalia No. GTA 4377, illustration from Austin (2000), ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis; m – o. C. anda [holo] type, French Guiana, Collect. C. Bar, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1931 – 136, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982947 [BMNH] (specimen Figs. 11 – 12), left valva on m. and Evans's sketches: n. pinned in the collection [BMNH]; o. published, and more stylized, version (Evans 1953), lateral internal view of left valva, lateral and ventral views of uncus, gnathos and distal half of penis. Species name is given below each image, holotypes and paratypes are labeled as HT and PT. Gray &quot; F &quot; indicates mirror image (left-right inverted). Images a, f, g, m – o. are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">26</figureCitation>
h, j–k, 27 part, 28 part)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336563FFC6FFD5F691F89F3E7AC6B8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC6FFD5F691F89F3B14C020" blockId="7.[151,1437,1809,2017]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC6FFDAF691F89F3E4CC421" bold="true" box="[151,375,1809,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Description. Male:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC6FFDAF781F89F3ECFC421" box="[391,500,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. New species of Clito from the C. littera group. 1 – 6. C. palotschka n. sp.: Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita-San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 – 300 m: 1 – 2. holotype, 4 - Mar- 2001, leg. D. H. Ahrenholz (valva in situ Fig. 26 k); 3 – 6. paratypes, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis: 3 – 4. (valva in situ Fig. 26 j); 5 – 6. genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 43 (genitalia Figs. 24, 26 h). 7 – 8. C. litteroides n. sp., holotype, Venezuela: Aragua State, Rancho Grande [Biological Station, approximate GPS coordinates 10 ° 21 ' N 67 ° 41 ' W], elevation 1100 m, 4 - Jun- 1985, leg. S. S. Nicolay, genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 42 (genitalia Figs. 25, 26 b, c). All specimens are males and are in USNM collection. Dorsal and ventral surfaces are shown on odd- and even-numbered figures, respectively. Labels are shown between specimen images. Labels are reduced 2.5 times compared to specimens: small scale bar below P. palotschka holotype labels refers to labels, and larger scale bars refer to specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252286/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
): right forewing length = 16.3 mm in 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC6FFDAF5A0F89F3B30C421" box="[934,1035,1809,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4CD19B0DFFC6FFDAF211F89F3B5CC422" box="[1047,1127,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
and 14.6 mm in 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC6FFDAF32CF89C3AA2C421" box="[1322,1433,1810,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Forewing elongated, triangular, apex not produced, outer margin convex, straighter near tornus, costal fold between 1/6 from the base to half of costa, scales inside beige in color. Dorsal forewing brown, overscaled with olive-gray, discal hyaline spots in discal, Cu1-Cu2, and Cu2-2A cells shaped on the right forewing as U, V, and w (or mirror of ב, &lt;, and ε, viewing base-to-apex, reading costa-to-inner margin), respectively, middle spot the largest, in one 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC6FFDAF691F8473FCCC4EA" box="[151,247,1993,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
not fully clefted distad but arrowhead-shaped, discal cell spot basal margin angled to costa, posterior half thicker than anterior half; a broad Ω (or ל) -shaped belt of six smaller submarginal hyaline spots in cells between R3 and Cu1 vein. Ventral forewing pattern similar to dorsal, discal spots slightly broader, background paler closer to inner margin. Hindwing triangular, anal margin longer than costal margin, tornus and apex not produced, margin mildly convex, slightly indented at M1 and Cu2 veins. Dorsal hindwing brown, overscaled with olive-gray, with a slightly paler, off-white discal band from Sc+R1 vein to 2A vein, a quarter of the wing width at the level of discal cell, band broadest when crossing the base of M3-Cu1 cell, then narrowing abruptly to a well-defined B-shaped white patch half of the band width in Cu2-2A cell, its distal margin strongly offset basad at the vein Rs (or, the basal Rs-M1 cell pale spot offset distad), brown end-of-cell bar, more or less defined and interrupted in the middle, pale spot in Sc+R1-Rs cell rhomboid, about half of the maximal band width; vague, slightly paler than background submarginal and marginal blotches of gray-olive scales in every cell, costal cell paler than background, anal fold brown. Ventral hindwing pattern similar to dorsal, but slate overscaling more extensive basad, pale areas more contrasting with brown background, discal band paler, almost white, with sharply defined edges, end-of-cell bar weaker than above, 2A cell to inner margin with a broad central paler area, submarginal and marginal pale blotches weaker than above or not expressed. Fringes brown, the same color as wing margins. Head, thorax and abdomen grayish olive brown above, slate beneath with palpi and pectus yellower, head above with patches of paler scales on palpi, frons, above the eyes and on collar, white spots posteriad antennae above the eyes, antenna dark brown, largely slate at anterior margin basad, partly ringed with white beneath at segments near club, nudum reddish brown with 22 segments (n=2), legs brown with slate and brown yellowish scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1FCB83D0AC7BC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1FCB83E40C044" bold="true" box="[199,379,822,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC9FFD5F78DFCB83EDCC044" box="[395,487,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,198,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 24. Clito palotschka n. sp. male genitalia, paratype. Genitalia vial No. NVG 130614 - 43 [USNM] (specimen Figs. 5 – 6). Genital capsule in different views: a. right posterolateral; b. dorsal; c. left laterodorsal; d. right laterodorsal; e. left lateral; f. right lateral; g. right anteriorlateral; h. right ventrolateral; i. posterior; j. anterior; k. ventral. All images are to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252289/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC9FFD5F418FCB83D07C044" box="[542,572,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[202,1373,193,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1373,193,1183]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male genitalia of Clito littera group species. a, g. C. littera lectotype, designated here, &quot; Brasil &quot;, P. Mabille collection 1923, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982948 [BMNH], in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off: a. various views rotating from right posterolateral through posterior to left posterolateral; g. ventrolateral (specimen Figs. 9 – 10); b, c. C. litteroides holotype, Venezuela: Aragua State, Rancho Grande [Biological Station, approximate GPS coordinates 10 ° 21 ' N 67 ° 41 ' W], elevation 1100 m, 4 - Jun- 1985, leg. S. S. Nicolay, genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 42 [USNM]: b. section of complete genitalia in posterolateral view; c. complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 7 – 8); d. C. nebulosa holotype, ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Mielke &amp; Schröder (1994) (specimen Figs. 15 – 16); e, f. C. trinidadensis holotype, Trinidad, Morne Catherine, 24 - Mar- 1982, leg. M. J. W. Cock, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982949 [BMNH], dorsal and lateral views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Cock (1998) (specimen Figs. 17 – 18); h. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis [USNM], complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 5 – 6); i. C. jonkersi holotype, Surinam, Domburg, 8 - Mar- 1975, leg. E. H. Jonkers [RMNH], lateral internal view of left valva and lateral view of uncus and gnathos, illustration from de Jong (1983) (specimen Figs. 19 – 20); j. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis [USNM], right valva and uncus in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 3 – 4); k. C. palotschka holotype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, 4 - Mar- 2001, leg. D. H. Ahrenholz [USNM], right valva in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 1 – 2); l. C. anda, Brazil: Rondônia, Cacaulândia municipality, Fazenda Rancho Grande, genitalia No. GTA 4377, illustration from Austin (2000), ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis; m – o. C. anda [holo] type, French Guiana, Collect. C. Bar, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1931 – 136, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982947 [BMNH] (specimen Figs. 11 – 12), left valva on m. and Evans's sketches: n. pinned in the collection [BMNH]; o. published, and more stylized, version (Evans 1953), lateral internal view of left valva, lateral and ventral views of uncus, gnathos and distal half of penis. Species name is given below each image, holotypes and paratypes are labeled as HT and PT. Gray &quot; F &quot; indicates mirror image (left-right inverted). Images a, f, g, m – o. are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252291/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">26</figureCitation>
h, j–k, 27 part): tegumen broad and short, only slightly extending anteriad of vinculum; uncus undivided, almost straight in lateral view, with a pair of small lateral lobes at the base; gnathos separated from uncus by a distance of its length; saccus short and rounded, about two time broader than vinculum; valva elongated, with a very long, 4 times longer than wide, in length equal to the length of cucullus, rod-shaped process originating from costa closer to the base of valva, directed posterodorsad, and terminating in a stronger sclerotized, granular tip, no processes from sacculus; cucullus about equal to body of valva in length, broad, but elongated, about half of its length (anteroposterior direction) in height (dorso-ventral direction), not separated from ampulla, dorsal edge of valva evenly concave from the base of the process to the caudal end of cucullus, cucullus slightly bent dorsal, terminating in finely serrated area pointing dorsad; penis broad, longer than genital capsule, elevating distad dorsal serrated ridge 1/3 from distal end angled ventral projection near apex, a pack of longer cornuti and a row of smaller cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1FB4C3D61C7D0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" box="[199,602,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1FB4C3E1CC7D0" bold="true" box="[199,295,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Female:</emphasis>
unknown or unrecognized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1FB683E7AC6B8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1FB683E28C7F4" bold="true" box="[199,275,1254,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F6C1FB683E34C7F4" box="[199,271,1254,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F71DFB683EB8C7F4" box="[283,387,1254,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, with the following labels: white, printed: // 
<collectingCountry id="F33E7678FFC9FFD5F5B9FB693B70C7F4" box="[959,1099,1255,1279]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
: Esmeraldas / El Durango, 39 Km / San Lorenzo-Lita Road / 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D502FFFC9FFD5F7FAFA853DBAC629" box="[508,641,1290,1315]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" precision="9" value="1.0408334">1° 02.45' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D502FFFC9FFD5F488FA853C1FC629" box="[654,804,1290,1315]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" precision="9" value="-78.63433">78° 38.06' W</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<date id="FF971028FFC9FFD5F53BFA853CDBC628" box="[829,992,1290,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" value="2001-03-04">4 March 2001</date>
, 230– 
<quantity id="4CD19B0DFFC9FFD5F222FA853B57C629" box="[1060,1132,1291,1315]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
/ D. H. Ahrenholz leg. //; white, handwritten: // overcast / hilltop / lightgap //; red, printed: // 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F596FAA13B1FC64C" box="[912,1060,1327,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F253FAA03A36C64C" box="[1109,1293,1326,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palotschka">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F253FAA03A36C64C" box="[1109,1293,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Clito palotschka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Grishin //. Two male 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F713FADD3EBBC660" box="[277,384,1363,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from the same location, collected 25, 
<date id="FF971028FFC9FFD5F54EFADD3C5FC660" box="[840,868,1363,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" value="2002-08-27">27</date>
Aug 2002 by J. P. W. Hall &amp; M. A. Solis. The 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F691FAF83FC2C684" box="[151,249,1398,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F737FAF93EA7C684" box="[305,412,1399,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 
<collectingCountry id="F33E7678FFC9FFD5F691FA153FF4C6B8" box="[151,207,1435,1459]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">USA</collectingCountry>
(USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336563FFC9FFD5F6C1FA303D32C6F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1FA303D32C6F1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1FA303E5CC6DC" bold="true" box="[199,359,1470,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F6C1FA303E39C6DC" box="[199,258,1470,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33E7678FFC9FFD5F776FA303EE9C6DC" box="[368,466,1470,1495]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
: Esmeraldas Province, El Durango, km 39 
<collectingCountry id="F33E7678FFC9FFD5F5C6FA303CD6C6DC" box="[960,1005,1470,1495]" name="Lithuania" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Lita</collectingCountry>
- San Lorenzo road, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D502FFFC9FFD5F2E4FA313A53C6DD" box="[1250,1384,1470,1495]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" precision="9" value="1.0408334">1° 02.45' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D502FFFC9FFD5F373FA313FC6C6F1" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" precision="9" value="-78.63433">78° 38.06' W</geoCoordinate>
, elevation about 
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD61FFC9FFD5F7BDFA6D3D32C6F1" box="[443,521,1507,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CD19B0DFFC9FFD5F7BDFA6D3D3EC6F1" box="[443,517,1507,1531]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336563FFC9FFD5F6C1F9883E28C5FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1F9883E28C5FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1F9883E75C514" bold="true" box="[199,334,1542,1567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Etymology.</emphasis>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F758F9883EE6C514" box="[350,477,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palotschka" status="sp. nov.">Palotschka</taxonomicName>
&quot; (палочка, pronounced similar to &quot;pal-otch-kah&quot; with the stress on the first syllable, i.e., &quot;pa&quot;[as in papa]-&quot;lo&quot;[as in log]-&quot;ch&quot;[as the first sound in check]-&quot;kah&quot; [as in cat], or /ˈpalət͡ ɕkə/ in International Phonetic Alphabet) is a Russian word that means a small stick or a rod, and also a letter of the Cyrillic script: &quot;Ӏ&quot;. It refers to a rod-shaped projection off the costa in male genitalic valva, which is the most distinctive character of this new species that immediately sets it apart from all recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F551F9183CB4C5A4" box="[855,911,1686,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F551F9183CB4C5A4" box="[855,911,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Clito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The spelling of the name is chosen to increase the chances it would be pronounced correctly in different languages. The name is a non-latinized noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336563FFC9FFD5F6C1F88C3B5EC410" box="[199,1125,1794,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1F88C3B5EC410" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" box="[199,1125,1794,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1F88C3E5BC410" bold="true" box="[199,352,1794,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species is currently known only from the 
<typeStatus id="5492884AFFC9FFD5F56CF88D3CA1C410" box="[874,922,1795,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFC9FFD5F202F88C3B62C410" box="[1028,1113,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 28. Distribution of Clito littera group species. C. palotschka n. sp. — red heart; C. litteroides n. sp. — blue star; C. littera — black crosses, locality per label of the lectotype that states &quot; Brasil &quot; [not per original description (Mabille 1877), which states &quot; Apurimacensi valle et Peruvia &quot; and is likely incorrect], and similar phenotype currently known only from Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (specimens in OM-DZUP and MGCL); C. anda — purple up-pointing triangles; C. nebulosa — green square; C. trinidadensis — orange circle; C. jonkersi — cyan down-pointing triangles. Specimen image is shown near the type locality of each taxon, a line connects to the locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252294/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336563FFC9FFD7F6C1F8A83FF4C283" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC9FFD5F6C1F8A83B25C4DE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6C1F8A83E7AC434" bold="true" box="[199,321,1830,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F4AEF8A93C36C434" box="[680,781,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telemiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littera">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F4AEF8A93C36C434" box="[680,781,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. littera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group because it possesses distally deeply clefted U- or Vshaped spots in the forewing discal cell and in cell Cu1-Cu2, in wing patterns being close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F288F8C53A33C468" box="[1166,1288,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonkersi">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F288F8C53A33C468" box="[1166,1288,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. jonkersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It shares the following characters only with 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F7F3F8FC3D4BC481" box="[501,624,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonkersi">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F7F3F8FC3D4BC481" box="[501,624,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">C. jonkersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not with the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC9FFD5F57AF8FF3C8FC481" box="[892,948,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F57AF8FF3C8FC481" box="[892,948,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Clito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F222F8FF3B09C481" bold="true" box="[1060,1074,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">a</emphasis>
) the valva with a process on the costa; (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F6EEF81B3FCCC4A5" bold="true" box="[232,247,1941,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">b</emphasis>
) the hindwing with a narrower pale discal band, edges of the band better defined; (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC9FFD5F291F81B3B98C4A5" bold="true" box="[1175,1187,1941,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">c</emphasis>
) the spot in Sc+R1-Rs cell rhomboid and indented basad relatively to the spot at the base of Rs-M1 cell.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF566660FFC8FFD4F691F9613A04C449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" targetBox="[159,1429,198,1749]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC8FFD4F691F9613A04C449" blockId="9.[151,1437,1775,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F691F9613C1CC40E" bold="true" box="[151,807,1775,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
FIGURE 24. 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC8FFD4F72EF9613EE9C40E" box="[296,466,1775,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palotschka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F72EF9613EE9C40E" bold="true" box="[296,466,1775,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Clito palotschka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E5781FFC8FFD4F7DFF9613D28C40E" box="[473,531,1775,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male genitalia, paratype.
</emphasis>
Genitalia vial No. NVG130614-43 [USNM] (specimen Figs. 5–6). Genital capsule in different views: 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F435F8803D04C42F" bold="true" box="[563,575,1806,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">a</emphasis>
. right posterolateral; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F51EF8803C1DC42F" bold="true" box="[792,806,1806,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">b</emphasis>
. dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F57BF8803CB3C42F" bold="true" box="[893,904,1806,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">c</emphasis>
. left laterodorsal; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F247F8803B74C42F" bold="true" box="[1089,1103,1806,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">d</emphasis>
. right laterodorsal; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F310F8803A1AC42F" bold="true" box="[1302,1313,1806,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">e</emphasis>
. left lateral; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F691F8A23FA4C449" bold="true" box="[151,159,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">f</emphasis>
. right lateral; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F729F8A23E00C449" bold="true" box="[303,315,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">g</emphasis>
. right anteriorlateral; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F41FF8A23D1CC449" bold="true" box="[537,551,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">h</emphasis>
. right ventrolateral; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F4F1F8A23DC5C449" bold="true" box="[759,766,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">i</emphasis>
. posterior; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F575F8A23C40C449" bold="true" box="[883,891,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">j</emphasis>
. anterior; 
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F5E2F8A23CC9C449" bold="true" box="[996,1010,1836,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">k</emphasis>
. ventral. All images are to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFC8FFD7F6C1F8FE3EF9C3DF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1903,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
It differs from the closest species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFC8FFD4F445F8FE3D86C483" box="[579,701,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonkersi">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F445F8FE3D86C483" box="[579,701,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">C. jonkersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the following characters: (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F214F8E13B1BC483" bold="true" box="[1042,1056,1903,1928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">1</emphasis>
) the process from the costa on the valva is long, rod-shaped, at least 4 times its diameter, the same length as the cucullus, not stout and much shorter than the cucullus; (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F76BF8393E40C4DB" bold="true" box="[365,379,1975,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">2</emphasis>
) this process is closer to the base of the valva than to the base of the cucullus; (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F2F1F8393A3EC4DB" bold="true" box="[1271,1285,1975,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">3</emphasis>
) the cucullus is prominently elongated, not nearly square; (
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFC8FFD4F499F8553D96C4FF" bold="true" box="[671,685,2011,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">4</emphasis>
) the ventral hindwing is without a row of prominent submarginal spots. These characters are given in the key below, illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFCBFFD7F597FF193CDDC3BB" box="[913,998,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,198,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[217,1363,193,1735]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 27. Visual keys to species in the Clito littera group. Dorsal and ventral aspects for each species are shown on the left and right of the species name, respectively. Images shown are illustrations, sometimes composed of photographic segments from left and right sides and digitally edited to highlight the wing patterns instead of imperfections in specimens. Images are set to be approximately the same size. Unedited and to scale photographs of specimens are shown in Figs. 1 – 20. Since these species are defined on the basis of male genitalia, which are likely to be diagnostic, wing pattern characters are preliminary due to exceedingly small samples of available specimens, and exceptions are expected. Wing pattern characters should be treated as suggestions for further research. Photographs of C. jonkersi and C. nebulosa are by Bernard Hermier and Ernst Brockmann, respectively. Images of C. littera, C. trinidadensis and C. anda are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252292/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
, and localities of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F2E1FF163A6BC3BB" box="[1255,1360,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telemiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littera">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F2E1FF163A6BC3BB" box="[1255,1360,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. littera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species mapped in 
<figureCitation id="13122A6DFFCBFFD7F76DFF323E85C3DF" box="[363,446,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 28. Distribution of Clito littera group species. C. palotschka n. sp. — red heart; C. litteroides n. sp. — blue star; C. littera — black crosses, locality per label of the lectotype that states &quot; Brasil &quot; [not per original description (Mabille 1877), which states &quot; Apurimacensi valle et Peruvia &quot; and is likely incorrect], and similar phenotype currently known only from Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (specimens in OM-DZUP and MGCL); C. anda — purple up-pointing triangles; C. nebulosa — green square; C. trinidadensis — orange circle; C. jonkersi — cyan down-pointing triangles. Specimen image is shown near the type locality of each taxon, a line connects to the locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E8FFCBFFD7F6C1FF6E3FF4C283" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
A specimen of the following new species was identified as &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F562FF6E3B3CC3F3" box="[868,1031,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telemiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="littera" subSpecies="anda">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F562FF6E3B3CC3F3" box="[868,1031,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. littera anda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; by S. S. Nicolay, probably because it matched characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F7B5FE8B3D22C216" box="[435,537,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telemiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littera">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F7B5FE8B3D22C216" box="[435,537,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. littera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as given in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B19FFCBFFD7F4ACFE8B3C79C216" author="Evans" box="[682,834,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" refString="Evans, W. H. (1953) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III (Groups E, F, G) Pyrginae. Section 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 26 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1953">Evans (1953)</bibRefCitation>
but the locality (
<collectingCountry id="F33E7678FFCBFFD7F20EFE8A3B44C216" box="[1032,1151,260,285]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
) was closer to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F384FE8B3FF4C24B" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anda">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F384FE8B3FF4C24B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. anda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this specimen is clearly not 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F49DFEA63DCDC24B" box="[667,758,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Clito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anda">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F49DFEA63DCDC24B" box="[667,758,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. anda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to ample differences in genitalia and wing patterns as discussed and illustrated below. A closer analysis suggested that it was not 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6BFFCBFFD7F5ECFEC33B6BC26E" box="[1002,1104,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telemiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littera">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFAFFCBFFD7F5ECFEC33B6BC26E" box="[1002,1104,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">C. littera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either. This species is named here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>