582 lines
88 KiB
XML
582 lines
88 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0E3E14BFC3D0D8C152E21D02B8494435">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2AA4E071633B0A8B6086DD07B725EB73">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32E6916807C2814DF671808C3374BBCB">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BD5316516BB3321D609FADD098873C23">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFF759072FDE9A5A0" ID-CoL="4G8N7" authority="Walsingham, 1907" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,608,1147,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF759072FDE9A5A0" bold="true" box="[151,608,1147,1174]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF759072FEFBA5A0" bold="true" box="[151,370,1147,1174]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Philodoria basalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCD072CFE989075FDE9A5A0" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[378,608,1148,1174]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCD072CFF7590A9FCCEA58C" blockId="35.[151,839,1147,1210]" box="[151,839,1184,1210]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFF7590A9FE9DA58C" box="[151,276,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-20@23.[168,1420,181,1592]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681829/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 8C–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFEFD90A9FED9A58C" box="[287,336,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">26C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFEBE90A9FE06A58C" box="[348,399,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFE7890A9FE44A58C" box="[410,461,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-20@69.[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">37A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFE3B90A9FDA2A58C" box="[473,555,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[201,1379,192,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[194,1392,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 40. Genitalia of Philodoria. A–D: Male genitalia of P. marginestrigata, Kauai (CJ521/SK784), host: Sida fallax, E–H: Female genitalia of P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH09-1]), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, E–G: SK617, H: SK616. A Phallus, lateral view, B Genitalia except right valva and phallus, ventral view, C Right valva, inside view, D Dorsal flap, inside view, E, G Female genitalia, lateral view, F, H Same, ventral view. aa: apophysis anterioris, an: antrum, ap: apophysis posterioris, cb: corpus bursae, co: coecum, cr: cornuti, db: ductus bursae, de: ductus ejaculatorius, ds: ductus seminalis, la: lamella antevaginalis, ob: ostium bursae, ph: phallus, phb: phallobase, sa: saccus, si: signum, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681899/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">40E–H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFDD490A9FDD7A58C" box="[566,606,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,183,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-23@76.[151,1436,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Male valva of Philodoria, inner view. A–F, H–J, L, M: Left valva, G, K, N: Right valva. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F, G P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, H P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, I P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, J P. splendida, Maui, SK696, K Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., L P. lama, holotype, Maui SK744, M P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767, N Same as L, paratype, Kauai, SK745." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681901/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">41I</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFD8B90A9FD15A58C" box="[617,668,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,187,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-20@77.[158,1430,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 42. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK745. Abbreviation: ta: tuba analis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681903/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">42H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFD4590A9FD52A58C" box="[679,731,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,191,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-23@78.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 43. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK755, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681905/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">43H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFD0490A9FC91A58C" box="[742,792,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="112.[151,250,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,185,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-23@112.[151,1436,181,1563]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIGURE 61. Images of genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A–D: P. auromagnifica, male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-5, E–G: P. auromagnifica, female, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-6, H: P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-XII-20-62-4, I–N: P. costalis, paralectotype male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-2. A, M Phallus, lateral view, B Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view, C Coremata, D Abdominal segments II–III, E Abdominal segments II–VI, F Tergum II, G, H Entire female genitalia, I Abdominal segments II–V, J Right valva, K Genital capsule, ventral view, L Left valva, N Abdominal segment VIII with dorsal flap and coremata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681941/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">61H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFCC690A9FCCAA58C" box="[804,835,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">81</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFCD072CFF7590EDFDC5A5CB" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[151,588,1252,1277]" page="720" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFF7590EDFDC5A5CB" ID-CoL="4G8N7" authority="Walsingham, 1907: 720" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityPageNumber="720" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,588,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF7590EDFEDAA5CA" box="[151,339,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Philodoria basalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCD072CFEBB90EDFDC5A5CB" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[345,588,1252,1277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907: 720</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, fig. 24;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFCD072CFD0290EDFC5FA5CA" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[736,982,1252,1277]" page="695" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCD072CFD0290EDFC5FA5CA" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[736,982,1252,1277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 695</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 468, 475.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCD072BFF759122FDC8A30B" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCD072CFF759122FD45A470" blockId="35.[151,1437,1322,2034]" box="[151,716,1322,1350]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF759122FEBFA472" bold="true" box="[151,310,1322,1349]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFF759122FF5BA473" box="[151,210,1323,1349]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Olinda (Haleakala),
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCD072CFDC29122FDF9A473" box="[544,624,1323,1349]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</quantity>
|
||
(Maui).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCD072CFF259146FA80A79B" blockId="35.[151,1437,1322,2034]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF259146FEFDA45E" bold="true" box="[199,372,1358,1385]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFE989146FE63A45F" box="[378,490,1359,1385]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFE129146FD8CA45F" box="[496,517,1359,1385]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(=“Type ♂ (26666) Mus. Wlsm” in original description), Olinda,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCD072CFB039146FAA4A45F" box="[1249,1325,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000ft</quantity>
|
||
, Haleakala, Maui,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFEE1917AFEE8A4BB" box="[259,353,1395,1421]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1894-04">iv. 1894</date>
|
||
, Perkins 26666, B.M.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFDBF917AFDE3A4BB" box="[605,618,1395,1421]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Genitalia slide no. 3952 |
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFC71917AFAB4A4BB" authority="BASALIS, Wlsm. Fn." authorityName="BASALIS, Wlsm. Fn." box="[915,1341,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PHILODORIA BASALIS, Wlsm. Fn.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCD072CFAA6917AFA11A4BB" box="[1348,1432,1395,1421]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
. I. TYPE ♂ descr.
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9B95FFCD072CFE84919EFE07A492" attach="right" box="[358,398,1430,1457]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">figd</superScript>
|
||
.| Walsingham Collection. 1910—427.| NHMUK010305331 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFBBD919EFB40A487" box="[1119,1225,1431,1457]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(here designated).
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFF7591B2FEA6A4E3" box="[151,303,1467,1493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂, same locality as holotype,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFD6891B2FD68A4E3" box="[650,737,1467,1493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1896-05">v. 1896</date>
|
||
, Perkins 28541 |
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFC4791B2FB54A4E3" authority="D Wlsm" authorityName="D Wlsm" box="[933,1245,1467,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFC4791B2FBFCA4E3" box="[933,1141,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Philodoria basalis</emphasis>
|
||
♂ Wlsm
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFB0791B2FAF9A4E3" box="[1253,1392,1467,1493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
1/1 descr.
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9B95FFCD072CFF3C91D6FE8CA4DA" attach="left" box="[222,261,1502,1529]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">figd</superScript>
|
||
.| Walsingham Collection. 1910—427.|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFD5991D7FCACA4CF" box="[699,805,1502,1529]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010305332 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFC2791D6FBBAA4CF" box="[965,1075,1503,1529]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
. Described from two specimens: ‘Type ♂ (26666)’ and ‘paratype’ from Maui. This may indicate that Lord Walsingham considered them as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFAD8920AFA15A72B" box="[1338,1436,1539,1565]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFF2A922EFEA2A777" box="[200,299,1575,1601]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, as indicated on the specimen label. But because a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFC92922EFC5BA777" box="[880,978,1575,1601]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not specified in the description, the so-labeled
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFEF19242FEFCA753" box="[275,373,1611,1637]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFE4F9242FD84A753" box="[429,525,1611,1637]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are to be considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFCE19242FCECA753" box="[771,869,1611,1637]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 73.2 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCD072CFB3A9242FAD6A753" author="ICZN" box="[1240,1375,1611,1637]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFB3A9242FA92A753" box="[1240,1307,1611,1637]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and any one is thus eligible for designation as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFD909266FD50A7BF" box="[626,729,1647,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 74 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCD072CFBD29266FB3EA7BF" author="ICZN" box="[1072,1207,1647,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFBD29266FBFAA7BF" box="[1072,1139,1647,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFB1F9266FADDA7BF" box="[1277,1364,1647,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
‘Type ♂ (26666)’ (=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFED8929AFEC4A79B" box="[314,333,1683,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) is here designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFDAF929AFD3DA79B" box="[589,692,1683,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCD072CFD21929AFC92A79B" box="[707,795,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-20@23.[168,1420,181,1592]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681829/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the other
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFC2B929AFBA9A79B" box="[969,1056,1683,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCD072CFB88929AFA8CA79B" box="[1130,1285,1683,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCD072BFF2592BFFDC8A30B" blockId="35.[151,1437,1322,2034]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF2592BFFE36A7E6" bold="true" box="[199,447,1718,1744]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
41 (17♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFDA092BEFDFCA7E7" box="[578,629,1719,1745]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">20♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 sex unknown).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFCBA92BFFC11A7E6" bold="true" box="[856,920,1718,1744]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Maui</emphasis>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFC2C92BEFBA9A7E7" box="[974,1056,1719,1745]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFBD292BEFBDAA7E7" box="[1072,1107,1719,1745]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 (sex unknown), Keanae,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFF7592D2FEA8A7C3" box="[151,289,1755,1781]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1918-08-22">22.viii.1918</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFECD92D3FE09A7C3" box="[303,384,1754,1781]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34151; 1 (sex unknown), Makawao forest Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFC3092D2FBBAA7C3" box="[978,1075,1755,1781]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2013-05-07">7.v.2013</date>
|
||
(stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFF7592F6FE36A62F" authorityName="Gaudich. (Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,447,1791,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF7592F6FE36A62F" box="[151,447,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrosideros polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFE3692F6FDC5A62F" box="[468,588,1791,1817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2013-04-13">13.iv.2013</date>
|
||
, CJ112,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947AAB3EFFCD072CFD5B92F6FCBCA62F" box="[697,821,1791,1817]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT982411" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">KT982411</accessionNumber>
|
||
; 2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFC9C92F6FC2BA62F" box="[894,930,1791,1817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Makawao For. Res., Flume Rd.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCD072CFAD892F6FA1EA62F" box="[1338,1431,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2959999999999998" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1296.0">1296 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D501AFFCD072CFF75932AFE9DA60B" box="[151,276,1827,1853]" degrees="20.80720" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="20.8072">N20.80720</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D501AFFCD072CFEFC932AFE34A60B" box="[286,445,1826,1853]" degrees="156.25259" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="-156.2526">W 156.25259</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFE29932AFDE9A60B" box="[459,608,1827,1853]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2013-05-10" valueMax="2013-05-11" valueMin="2013-05-10">10–11.v.2013</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFD8A932AFD1DA60B" box="[616,660,1827,1853]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">UV</collectionCode>
|
||
Bucket trap 1), A. Prestes & W. Haines leg., SK635–638.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFAA5932BFA14A60A" bold="true" box="[1351,1437,1826,1852]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCD072CFAA5932BFA14A60A" box="[1351,1437,1826,1852]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Big Island): 1♂, S. Kona,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFE29934EFDCEA657" box="[459,583,1863,1889]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1919-08-08">8.viii.1919</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector, “Ohia”,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFC24934EFB9FA657" box="[966,1046,1863,1889]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34148;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFB88934EFB04A657" box="[1130,1165,1863,1889]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail, Kohala Mts.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFE919362FE56A6B3" box="[371,479,1899,1925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1919-09-04">4.ix.1919</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector, “Ohia Lehua”, Z-XII-20-62-4 (“Slight vari”),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFAE39363FAD8A6B3" box="[1281,1361,1898,1925]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34152; host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCD072CFF379386FE08A69F" authorityName="Gaudich. (Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[213,385,1935,1961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF379386FF65A69E" box="[213,236,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCD072CFF189386FE08A69F" box="[250,385,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCD072CFE449386FE71A69F" box="[422,504,1935,1961]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
: 1♂, Kohala Watershed Partnership,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFC749387FB89A69F" box="[918,1024,1934,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-06-04">4.vi.2015</date>
|
||
(stored), C.A. Johns leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFAC59387FA11A69F" box="[1319,1432,1934,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-05-18">18.v.2015</date>
|
||
, CJ416, SK775♂; 2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFE7293BAFE3AA6FB" box="[400,435,1971,1997]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCD072CFCB893BAFC27A6FB" box="[858,942,1971,1997]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 30.v.&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFBE793BBFBF5A6FB" box="[1029,1148,1970,1997]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-06-13">13.vi.2015</date>
|
||
(stored), C.A. Johns leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFF7593DFFF70A6C7" box="[151,249,2006,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-05-07">7.v.2015</date>
|
||
, CJ410, CJ430 / SK776♂, CJ431 / SK778♂; 4♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCD072CFCA093DEFCFCA6C7" box="[834,885,2007,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown), same locality,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCD072CFB1E93DEFA14A6C7" box="[1276,1437,2007,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2016-05-03" valueMax="2016-06-06" valueMin="2016-05-03">3.v.–6.vi.2016</date>
|
||
em., A.Y. Kawahara leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFE5A949EFD92A187" box="[440,539,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-05-01">1.v.2016</date>
|
||
, SKH-09-1 / SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFD38949FFC9EA187" box="[730,791,150,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">615♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFCA9949EFC01A187" box="[843,904,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">616♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFC77949EFC5FA187" box="[917,982,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">617♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; 1♂, Volcanoes National Park, Thurston Lava Tube,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFEC094B2FE1AA1E3" box="[290,403,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-05-24">24.v.2016</date>
|
||
em., C.L.-Vaamonde & C. Doorenweerd leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFC4494B2FB96A1E3" box="[934,1055,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-22">22.iv.2016</date>
|
||
, HILO019; 4♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFB0294B2FA8CA1E3" box="[1248,1285,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Same locality,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFF2794D6FED6A1CF" box="[197,351,223,249]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-05-16" valueMax="2016-05-28" valueMin="2016-05-16">16–28.v.2016</date>
|
||
em., A.Y. Kawahara leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFD6894D6FC8BA1CC" box="[650,770,223,250]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-27">27.iv.2016</date>
|
||
(larva); 3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFC7094D6FC3CA1CF" box="[914,949,223,249]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFB8C94D6FA87A1CF" box="[1134,1294,223,249]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-28" valueMax="2016-04-29" valueMin="2016-04-28">28–29.iv.2016</date>
|
||
(light trap). In
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCA072BFF5A950AFEAFA02B" box="[184,294,259,285]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
: 1♂,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFE8A950AFE30A02B" box="[360,441,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
1300’, S. Hilo Distr., Waiakea F. R., Stainback Highway,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFBBC950AFB51A02B" box="[1118,1240,259,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1976-06-21">21.vi.1976</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFEAF952EFE4FA077" box="[333,454,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFEAF952EFE4FA077" box="[333,454,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 11 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFDC7952EFDF0A074" box="[549,633,295,322]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
) Sattler Coll., D. C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFC48952EFBA9A077" box="[938,1056,295,321]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)1621300; 1♂,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFAA9952EFA15A077" box="[1355,1436,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
1300’, S. Hilo District, Upper Waiakea F. R., Stainback Highway,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFC609542FC7FA053" box="[898,1014,331,357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1976-07-09">9.vii.1976</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFA8E9542FF60A0BF" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFA8E9542FF60A0BF" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 11 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFEA79566FE10A0BC" box="[325,409,367,394]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
) Sattler Coll., D. C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFD269566FCB0A0BF" box="[708,825,367,393]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)1621134; 1♂,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFB829566FB38A0BF" box="[1120,1201,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
2800’, Kau District, Ocean View,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFECD959AFE23A09B" box="[303,426,403,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1976-06-20">20.vi.1976</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFCC6959AFC14A09B" box="[804,925,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFCC6959AFC14A09B" box="[804,925,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 10B cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFBC1959AFB19A09B" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[1059,1168,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFBC1959AFB19A09B" box="[1059,1168,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">splendida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFB42959AFB7AA09B" box="[1184,1267,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
[=Big Island]) Sattler Coll., D. C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFE4C95BEFDABA0E7" box="[430,546,439,465]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)1621065; 1♂,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFCAB95BEFC13A0E7" box="[841,922,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
6200’, Kau District, Kahuku Ranch, Punaluu Kahawai,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFEEB95D2FE0DA0C3" box="[265,388,475,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1976-08-04">4.viii.1976</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFD1A95D2FCF8A0C3" box="[760,881,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFD1A95D2FCF8A0C3" box="[760,881,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 15 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFC2895D2FB94A0C3" box="[970,1053,475,501]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
[=Big Island]) Sattler Coll., D. C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFF3195F6FECFA32F" box="[211,326,511,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)1621320; 1♂
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCA072BFD8295F6FD08A32F" box="[608,641,511,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kilauea,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFD1695F6FCCCA32F" box="[756,837,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island), at light (= light trap), 20&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCA072BFAE895F7FAFEA32F" box="[1290,1399,510,537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1915-05-21">21.v.1915</date>
|
||
, A. Busck Collector, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFCA072BFE0A962AFDB4A30B" box="[488,573,547,573]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCA072BFF25964FFE35A3FB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF25964FFE35A3FB" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF25964FFECBA356" bold="true" box="[199,322,582,608]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A leaden gray patch covers the entire lower (anal vein) portion of forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFB4A964EFA96A357" box="[1192,1311,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-20@23.[168,1420,181,1592]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681829/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male genitalia has a broad valva with a short dorsal process, a rather broad and shorter capsule, and a broad phallus. The female has a sclerotized lamella antevaginalis and oblong pod-shaped signa similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFB299686FF62A3FB" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFB299686FADDA39F" box="[1227,1364,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. splendida</emphasis>
|
||
Walsingham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFEC096BAFEFCA3FB" box="[290,373,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFEC096BAFEFCA3FB" box="[290,373,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. lama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFE9E96BAFE35A3FB" bold="true" box="[380,444,691,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFCA072BFE9E96BAFE35A3FB" box="[380,444,691,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCA072BFF2596DFFC22A44F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF2596DFFE55A503" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF2596DFFE4AA3C6" bold="true" box="[199,451,726,752]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFE3796DEFDC0A3C7" box="[469,585,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-20@23.[168,1420,181,1592]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681829/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFDBA96DEFD05A3C7" box="[600,652,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">34D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFCF896DEFC02A3C7" box="[794,907,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFBB496DFFB27A3C7" box="[1110,1198,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFCA072BFB3496DEFAB2A3C7" box="[1238,1339,727,753]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFAAA96DEFF4AA223" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="4.05" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the additional specimens examined. Head leaden gray; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFF069716FEC2A20F" box="[228,331,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFEB49716FE03A20F" box="[342,394,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-20@69.[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">37A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna grayish fuscous. Thorax: grayish fuscous. Forewing leaden gray suffused with pale brown patches enclosing dark gray fascia;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFD91974BFD0FA26A" bold="true" box="[627,646,834,860]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">tf</emphasis>
|
||
from costal 1/3 to dorsal 1/2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFC34974AFC66A26B" bold="true" box="[982,1007,835,861]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">tp</emphasis>
|
||
after the middle to apical portion, distinctly narrowing near the dorsum, containing two short, shining, steel gray costal spots; apical portion with large jet-black terminal patch from tornus to apex, containing two upright steel-gray spots near its opposite extremities; a single bright silvery dot in its middle; a very narrow ocherous line along the base of tornus; cilia shiny, leaden gray with a blackish fringe line; two white costal streaks, longer streak extends to apex; terminal cilia often black. Hindwing tawny black; cilia tawny gray. Abdomen grayish fuscous above, banded with white beneath. Legs pale graysih fuscous, spurs white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF259036FAECA5F3" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF259036FEFBA56E" bold="true" box="[199,370,1086,1113]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFE629036FE6EA56F" box="[384,487,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,183,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-23@76.[151,1436,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Male valva of Philodoria, inner view. A–F, H–J, L, M: Left valva, G, K, N: Right valva. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F, G P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, H P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, I P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, J P. splendida, Maui, SK696, K Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., L P. lama, holotype, Maui SK744, M P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767, N Same as L, paratype, Kauai, SK745." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681901/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 41I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFE119036FDAFA56F" box="[499,550,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,187,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-20@77.[158,1430,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 42. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK745. Abbreviation: ta: tuba analis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681903/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">42H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFDD39036FDEFA56F" box="[561,614,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,191,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-23@78.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 43. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK755, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681905/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">43H</figureCitation>
|
||
): new record (n=4). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFC489037FB8DA56F" box="[938,1028,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="750.0">750 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 1.1–1.2 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFF3F906BFEBEA54B" box="[221,311,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, rather broad and having a knob-shaped dorsal process; dorsal process densely covered with minute spines ventrally and on inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFD71908EFD79A597" box="[659,752,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,183,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-23@76.[151,1436,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Male valva of Philodoria, inner view. A–F, H–J, L, M: Left valva, G, K, N: Right valva. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F, G P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, H P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, I P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, J P. splendida, Maui, SK696, K Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., L P. lama, holotype, Maui SK744, M P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767, N Same as L, paratype, Kauai, SK745." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681901/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 41I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus rather short, broad, slightly narrowing in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFF4290A2FE80A5F3" box="[160,265,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,187,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-20@77.[158,1430,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 42. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK745. Abbreviation: ta: tuba analis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681903/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 42H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFE9790A3FE45A5F3" box="[373,460,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="650.0">650 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, rather broad; two series of cornuti large and developed in vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFB1290A2FAD1A5F3" box="[1264,1368,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,191,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-23@78.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 43. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK755, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681905/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 43H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF2590C6FC22A44F" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF2590C6FE05A5DE" bold="true" box="[199,396,1230,1257]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFE7990C6FDA8A5DF" box="[411,545,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[201,1379,192,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[194,1392,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 40. Genitalia of Philodoria. A–D: Male genitalia of P. marginestrigata, Kauai (CJ521/SK784), host: Sida fallax, E–H: Female genitalia of P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH09-1]), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, E–G: SK617, H: SK616. A Phallus, lateral view, B Genitalia except right valva and phallus, ventral view, C Right valva, inside view, D Dorsal flap, inside view, E, G Female genitalia, lateral view, F, H Same, ventral view. aa: apophysis anterioris, an: antrum, ap: apophysis posterioris, cb: corpus bursae, co: coecum, cr: cornuti, db: ductus bursae, de: ductus ejaculatorius, ds: ductus seminalis, la: lamella antevaginalis, ob: ostium bursae, ph: phallus, phb: phallobase, sa: saccus, si: signum, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681899/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 40E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFDCE90C6FDD6A5DF" box="[556,607,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="112.[151,250,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,185,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-23@112.[151,1436,181,1563]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIGURE 61. Images of genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A–D: P. auromagnifica, male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-5, E–G: P. auromagnifica, female, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-6, H: P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-XII-20-62-4, I–N: P. costalis, paralectotype male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-2. A, M Phallus, lateral view, B Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view, C Coremata, D Abdominal segments II–III, E Abdominal segments II–VI, F Tergum II, G, H Entire female genitalia, I Abdominal segments II–V, J Right valva, K Genital capsule, ventral view, L Left valva, N Abdominal segment VIII with dorsal flap and coremata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681941/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">61H</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCA072BFD8890C6FCCDA5DF" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[618,836,1231,1257]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 474) (n=3).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFBE390C7FBEFA5DF" box="[1025,1126,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1450.0">1450 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae broad; antrum very short and wide; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFD2C90FAFCAEA43B" box="[718,807,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
||
, semicircular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFC2E90FAFBD9A43B" box="[972,1104,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[201,1379,192,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[194,1392,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 40. Genitalia of Philodoria. A–D: Male genitalia of P. marginestrigata, Kauai (CJ521/SK784), host: Sida fallax, E–H: Female genitalia of P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH09-1]), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, E–G: SK617, H: SK616. A Phallus, lateral view, B Genitalia except right valva and phallus, ventral view, C Right valva, inside view, D Dorsal flap, inside view, E, G Female genitalia, lateral view, F, H Same, ventral view. aa: apophysis anterioris, an: antrum, ap: apophysis posterioris, cb: corpus bursae, co: coecum, cr: cornuti, db: ductus bursae, de: ductus ejaculatorius, ds: ductus seminalis, la: lamella antevaginalis, ob: ostium bursae, ph: phallus, phb: phallobase, sa: saccus, si: signum, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681899/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 40F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). End of ductus bursae broad, connecting in dorsal portion of anterior part of corpus bursae; corpus bursae about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFBA7911EFB25A407" box="[1093,1196,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 µm</quantity>
|
||
long; anterior end of corpus bursae weakly sclerotized; some lines consisting of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized; paired signa oblong and podlike with a series of minute spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFCF69156FC17A44F" box="[788,926,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[201,1379,192,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[194,1392,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 40. Genitalia of Philodoria. A–D: Male genitalia of P. marginestrigata, Kauai (CJ521/SK784), host: Sida fallax, E–H: Female genitalia of P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH09-1]), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, E–G: SK617, H: SK616. A Phallus, lateral view, B Genitalia except right valva and phallus, ventral view, C Right valva, inside view, D Dorsal flap, inside view, E, G Female genitalia, lateral view, F, H Same, ventral view. aa: apophysis anterioris, an: antrum, ap: apophysis posterioris, cb: corpus bursae, co: coecum, cr: cornuti, db: ductus bursae, de: ductus ejaculatorius, ds: ductus seminalis, la: lamella antevaginalis, ob: ostium bursae, ph: phallus, phb: phallobase, sa: saccus, si: signum, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681899/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 40G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCA072BFF25918BFB11A4AB" box="[199,1176,1410,1438]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF25918BFB11A4AB" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1176,1410,1438]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF25918BFEE8A4AA" bold="true" box="[199,353,1410,1436]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Maui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCA072BFE53918AFD0CA4AB" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[433,645,1411,1437]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFCA072BFD26918AFC9CA4AB" box="[708,789,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCA072BFC4D918AFB02A4AB" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[943,1163,1411,1437]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCA072AFF2591AEFB08A610" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF2591AEFF65A4D3" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF2591AEFED0A4F7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1447,1473]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFE8191AEFE57A4F7" box="[355,478,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFE0891AEFCF6A4F7" authority="Gaudich." authorityName="Gaudich. (Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[490,895,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFE0891AEFC87A4F7" box="[490,782,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metrosideros polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Gaudich.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(present study),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFBA091AEFB5CA4F7" box="[1090,1237,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFBA091AEFB5CA4F7" box="[1090,1237,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metrosideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCA072BFAF291AEFF69A4D3" author="Zimmerman, E. C." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCA072BFF2591E7FF77A6EB" blockId="36.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFF2591E7FEAEA73E" bold="true" box="[199,295,1518,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFEDA91E6FE04A73F" box="[312,397,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCA072BFE4091E6FD4EA73F" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[418,711,1518,1545]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a: 695)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the cocoon and mature larval habit based on Swezey's observations. We observed larvae on multiple occasions. Early instar larvae form a slender, linear mine on the adaxial leaf surface that gradually expands into a larger blotch mine as the larva feeds and grows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFAE3923EFA19A767" box="[1281,1424,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mines ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFF109253FEA1A743" box="[242,296,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, brownish pale green; older mines turn dark brown to pale grayish ocherous and redish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFF429276FE8CA7AF" box="[160,261,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81B</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or two mines per leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFDA99276FD39A7AF" box="[587,688,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larva nearly always causes the leaf to dehisce from the plant, leading to the mined leaf to fall to the ground. Fully grown larvae exit the mine, and cut an oval ring into the upper (adaxial) epidermis of the bloch mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFDA892CEFD20A7D7" box="[586,681,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oval epidermis is folded by the final instar larva by using silk to pulling two ends of the outer surface of the epidermis, creating a “taco”-like cocoon (5.0–6.0 mm in length and 1.5–2.0 mm in width), which hardens and becomes bronze-colored over time (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFBE09306FB3AA61F" box="[1026,1203,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81B, K–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). The taco often falls out of the oval cut-out in the leaf and falls beneath the leaf litter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFC9C933AFC6CA67B" box="[894,997,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but can occasionally remain attached (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFF42935EFECDA647" box="[160,324,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). We suspect it may help avoid parasitoids and other predators while being in a humid environment. The penultimate and final instar larvae are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFCA072BFCCB9373FC0EA6A3" box="[809,903,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and pale yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFCA072BFB6E9372FA85A6A3" box="[1164,1292,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-20@143.[154,1433,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 81. Philodoria basalis and its host plant, Metrosideros polymorpha. A, B, D–M: Hawaii (Big Island), C: Kauai. A Leaf mine of late instar larva, B Fallen cocoons in rolled leaf disc “tacos”, C Fallen leaf and leaf mine with cocoon, D Cocoon and mine, E, F Old mine, G Mine made by late instar larva, H, I Late instar larva, J Final instar larva cutting out disc to create oval “taco” shelter with silk, K, L Cocoon and mine showing the “taco” cut out on the leaf, M Cocoon “taco”, similar to B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681984/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 81H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). During the day, adults rest on adaxial side of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFD649396FD67A68F" box="[646,750,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFD649396FD67A68F" box="[646,750,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFCB49396FC34A68F" box="[854,957,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCA072BFBEC9396FB0EA68F" box="[1038,1159,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCA072BFBEC9396FB0EA68F" box="[1038,1159,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host plant) at Mt. Kaala on Oahu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FFCB072AFF759274FE38A7EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681851/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1661,1685]" targetBox="[162,1424,206,1630]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCB072AFF759274FE38A7EB" blockId="37.[151,1437,1661,1758]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFF759274FEA8A7A3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1661,1685]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFE6C9274FCAAA7A0" authority="(Swezey, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[398,803,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFE6C9274FDF4A7A3" box="[398,637,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Philodoria neraudicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCB072AFD6E9277FC95A7A0" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[652,796,1662,1686]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="376 - 386" refId="ref102521" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1920) Some new Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 4 (2), 376 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16149" type="journal article" year="1920">Swezey, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFCB49277FC63A7A3" box="[854,1002,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFCB49277FC63A7A3" box="[854,1002,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFC109277FBCCA7A3" bold="true" box="[1010,1093,1661,1686]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFCB072AFC109277FBA5A7A0" box="[1010,1068,1662,1686]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFBAF9277FB68A7A3" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1101,1249,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFBAF9277FB68A7A3" box="[1101,1249,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFA699277FA15A7A0" bold="true" box="[1419,1436,1662,1686]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
Forewings of lectotype female, host
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFDF692ABFD37A78F" box="[532,702,1697,1721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFDF692ABFD37A78F" box="[532,702,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Maui,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFCF392A8FCAAA78F" bold="true" box="[785,803,1697,1721]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFCCE92ABFC49A78F" box="[812,960,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFCCE92ABFC49A78F" box="[812,960,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFB8892ABFBF5A78C" bold="true" box="[1130,1148,1698,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype female, E Female (CLV017). Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCB072AFF259302FB08A610" blockId="37.[151,1436,1803,1974]" box="[199,1153,1803,1830]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFF259302FEDDA613" bold="true" box="[199,340,1803,1829]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFEB99305FE56A610" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[347,479,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFE0B9305FBF4A610" authority="(Ashmead, 1901) (Zimmerman 1978 a)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[489,1149,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFE0B9305FD48A610" box="[489,705,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCB072AFC7A9305FBFDA610" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[920,1140,1804,1830]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFCB072AFF259339FBBBA680" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFCB072AFF259339FBBBA680" blockId="37.[151,1436,1803,1974]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFF259339FEB2A67C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1840,1866]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We identified one adult moth (Coll ID CJ-112 / GenBank accession no. ID
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947AAB3EFFCB072AFB609339FB75A67C" box="[1154,1276,1840,1866]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT982411" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">KT982411</accessionNumber>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFCB072AFAC59339FA1CA67C" box="[1319,1429,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFAC59339FAB1A67F" box="[1319,1336,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFAA49339FA1CA67C" box="[1350,1429,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">basalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on a leaden gray patch covering the entire lower portion of forewing, from which whole bodies were sacrificed for molecular analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFCB072AFE3D9371FD2CA6A5" author="Johns, C. A. & Moore, M. R. & Kawahara, A. Y." box="[479,677,1912,1939]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="361 - 372" refId="ref101228" refString="Johns, C. A., Moore, M. R. & Kawahara, A. Y. (2016) Molecular phylogeny, revised higher classification, and implications for conservation of endangered Hawaiian leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Philodoria). Pacific Science, 70 (3), 361 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 70.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Johns
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFCB072AFDCA9371FDD3A6A4" box="[552,602,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). William Haines (pers. comm.) collected>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFCB072AFB6D9371FB7CA6A4" box="[1167,1269,1912,1938]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="adult">10 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
of this species in UV Bucket trap at one night in Makawao Forest Reserve, Maui (
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFCB072AFC6B9395FBACA680" box="[905,1061,1948,1974]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2013-05-10" valueMax="2013-05-11" valueMin="2013-05-10">10–11.v.2013</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |