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<document id="BC92663F6ABF237F6D41E6EEC9C616FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFBA075BFF75958EFB0CA2BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria Walsingham 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B61395D44FBA4BB3A17E5AB1F41F257F">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F102DC12665F155C78EC20D45CE958B">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3EDBD25B2C181023D95F23D978833F53" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1336-4730</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AE5C802D04DAA3FC51F99E2DBEF7B100">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA731C5AB30B553B88A3528FA8682B5F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B3508F52CC47FE6A45E2143A2D182BA3">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECB9E4693B47D20C42815183D10A9ADF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="8BBAE38C8F6EDD0572385F058834B26C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="62AFB1969CA6FC78BA05DFFADEA0782B">4944</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFBA075BFF75958EFB0CA2BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBA075BFF75958EFB0CA2BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFBA075BFF75958EFB0CA2BC" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF75958EFDE9A094" box="[151,608,391,418]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF75958EFDE9A094" blockId="84.[151,608,391,454]" box="[151,608,391,418]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0DE81B1FFBA075BFF75958EFDE9A094" bold="true" box="[151,608,391,418]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF75958EFDE9A094" bold="true" box="[151,608,391,418]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFF75958EFE91A094" ID-CoL="8V6FQ" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,280,391,418]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF75958EFE91A094" bold="true" box="[151,280,391,418]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBA075BFE9D9581FDE9A094" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[383,608,391,418]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFE329581FD8DA094" bold="true" box="[464,516,391,418]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF7595A5FDB7A335" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF7595A5FF67A0F0" blockId="84.[151,608,391,454]" box="[151,238,428,454]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBA075BFF7595A5FF63A0F0" box="[151,234,428,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="152.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[354,1238,189,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-23@152.[342,1246,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 90. Mines of Philodoria sp. 2 on its host plant, Hesperomannia lydgateyi, Kauai. A, B Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682006/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF7595E2FDB7A335" blockId="84.[151,574,491,515]" box="[151,574,491,515]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFF7595E2FE8CA335" box="[151,261,491,515]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF7595E2FE8CA335" box="[151,261,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBA075BFEAB95E2FE70A335" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[329,505,491,515]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFE6B95E5FE3CA335" box="[393,437,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF759625FAA5A35C" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF759625FAA5A35C" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF759625FE08A370" bold="true" box="[151,385,556,582]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBA075BFE6A9625FAA1A35C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273413" collectingDate="2013-06-18" collectionCode="CJ" location="Wahiawa Mts." municipality="Kauai" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCode="CJ149" specimenCount="1">
2 (sex unknown),
<location id="8EF66006FFBA075BFDB19625FD7EA371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBA075BFF75958EFB0CA2BC:8EF66006FFBA075BFDB19625FD7EA371" box="[595,759,556,583]" municipality="Kauai" name="Wahiawa Mts." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Wahiawa Mts.</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFBA075BFCE09625FCC1A370" box="[770,840,556,582]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Kauai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFBA075BFCB19625FC42A370" box="[851,971,556,582]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2013-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBA075BFCB19625FC42A370" box="[851,971,556,582]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2013-06-18">18.vi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(stored), host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFB979624FF3EA35C" authority=", CJ" authorityName="CJ" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydgateyi">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFB979624FA1FA370" box="[1141,1430,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Hesperomannia lydgateyi</emphasis>
, CJ
</taxonomicName>
149. Two adults (
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFBA075BFE949659FE37A35D" box="[374,446,592,619]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="Other institutional type">CJ149</specimenCode>
/AHE_16) entirely sacrificed for molecular analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBA075BFBF19659FB5CA35C" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[1043,1237,592,619]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFBB99658FB04A35C" box="[1115,1165,592,618]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF25967DFE19A384" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF25967DFB30A3B8" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" box="[199,1209,628,655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF25967DFECBA3B8" bold="true" box="[199,322,628,654]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Genetically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFD85967CFCC2A3B8" box="[615,843,628,654]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomanniella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFD85967CFCC2A3B8" box="[615,843,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. hesperomanniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFCB3967DFC18A3B8" bold="true" box="[849,913,628,654]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFBA075BFCB3967DFC18A3B8" box="[849,913,628,654]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBA075BFC7D967DFBEBA3B8" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[927,1122,628,655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFC05967CFB90A3B8" box="[999,1049,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF259691FE19A384" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" box="[199,400,664,690]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF259691FE9AA384" bold="true" box="[199,275,664,690]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Adult.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF2596B5FB0EA3E0" box="[199,1159,700,726]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF2596B5FB0EA3E0" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" box="[199,1159,700,726]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF2596B5FEE8A3E0" bold="true" box="[199,353,700,726]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</emphasis>
Kauai.
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFE5A96B5FDCEA3E0" bold="true" box="[440,583,700,726]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFDAC96B5FD44A3E0" box="[590,717,700,726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFD3A96B4FB0EA3E0" authority="C. N. Forbes." authorityName="C. N. Forbes." box="[728,1159,700,726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydgateyi">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFD3A96B4FC71A3E0" box="[728,1016,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Hesperomannia lydgateyi</emphasis>
C.N.Forbes.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF2596E9FDE6A228" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF2596E9FDE6A228" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF2596E9FEAEA3CC" bold="true" box="[199,295,736,762]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Biology.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBA075BFED796E9FE01A3CC" box="[309,392,736,762]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="152.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[354,1238,189,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-23@152.[342,1246,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 90. Mines of Philodoria sp. 2 on its host plant, Hesperomannia lydgateyi, Kauai. A, B Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682006/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
). Larvae form a sinuous linear mine along adaxial leaf margin that gradually expands as larvae feed and grow. One or two mines per leaf.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBA075BFF259721FB0CA2BC" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBA075BFF259721FB0CA2BC" blockId="84.[151,1436,556,907]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFF259721FEB2A274" bold="true" box="[199,315,808,834]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</emphasis>
Unfortunately, the two known specimens of this species were sacrificed for molecular analysis. DNA data suggest that this is a distinct species. Future surveys should survey the Wahiawa Mountains for this moth so that the morphology of this species can be studied and a formal species name can be assigned.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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