treatments-xml/data/03/80/87/0380878FFF96FFB1FC2CFED8C318F9F0.xml

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<mods:title id="7C974D2EE54A752569AEC277DB033D09">Jewel Bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="874D9D79CBD8DA050688A25023DF5B80">Gerry Cassis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57A05491991E341CFE5F3BB906BD15EC">Loren Vanags</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FC2CFED8C73EFE81" authority="MARTIN 1897" authorityName="MARTIN" authorityYear="1897" box="[1000,1287,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FC2CFED8C64EFE81" box="[1000,1143,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Solenotichus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FBBBFED8C73EFE81" author="MARTIN J." box="[1151,1287,340,364]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="263 - 264" part="1897" refId="ref87393" refString="MARTIN J. (1897): Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]. - Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1897: 263 - 264." title="Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]" type="journal article" year="1897">
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1897
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(
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FC2AFEF9C67AFE60" box="[1006,1091,373,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Figs 3b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB8AFEF9C667FE60" box="[1102,1118,373,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[1089,1125,859,878]" captionTargetBox="[632,1514,139,831]" captionTargetId="figure-558@30.[620,1532,106,834]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 6: Distribution of Australian Elvisurinae species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713975/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FBAEFEF9C643FE60" box="[1130,1146,373,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB41FEF9C698FE60" box="[1157,1185,373,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">10</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FC2CFE12C6C4FE5E" authority="MARTIN 1897: 264" authorityName="MARTIN" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1897" box="[1000,1277,414,435]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FC2CFE12C677FE5E" box="[1000,1102,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Solenotichus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FB92FE12C6C4FE5E" author="MARTIN J." box="[1110,1277,414,435]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="263 - 264" part="1897" refId="ref87393" refString="MARTIN J. (1897): Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]. - Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1897: 263 - 264." title="Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]" type="journal article" year="1897">
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1897: 264
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(nov. gen.); 
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1899: 31
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(description); 
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1904: 280
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(note); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FBFEFE50C737FE1C" author="SCHOUTEDEN H." bookContentInfo="5 pls." box="[1082,1294,476,497]" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 98" part="24" refId="ref87964" refString="SCHOUTEDEN H. (1904): Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae. - Genera Insectorum 24: 1 - 98, 5 pls." title="Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae" type="book chapter" year="1904">
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1904: 7
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(description); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FC2CFE77C6BBFDFD" author="GROSS G. F." box="[1000,1154,507,528]" journalOrPublisher="A. B. James, Adelaide" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref84925" refString="GROSS G. F. (1975): Plant-feeding and other bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera - Part 1. A. B. James, Adelaide: 1 - 250, 3 colour pls." title="Plant-feeding and other bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera - Part 1" type="book chapter" year="1975">
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1975: 86
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(description); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FAD6FE77C6BBFDDD" author="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref87212" refString="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS (1984): Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera). - Aust. J. Zool. 32: 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
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&amp; 
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1984: 545
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(description); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FAC1FD97C679FDA2" author="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS" editor="HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 732" refId="ref83117" refString="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS (2002): Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). - In: HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv + 1 - 732." title="Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B" year="2002">
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&amp; 
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2002: 585
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(catalogue) 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FC2CFDD5C6DFFD83" authority="DISTANT 1899: 31" authorityName="DISTANT" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1899" box="[1000,1254,601,622]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FC2CFDD5C614FD83" box="[1000,1069,601,622]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Damelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FBFEFDD5C6DFFD83" author="DISTANT W. L." box="[1082,1254,601,622]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="29 - 52" part="7" refId="ref83723" refString="DISTANT W. L. (1899): II. Rhynchotal notes - Heteroptera: Scutellerinae and Graphosominae. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4: 29 - 52." title="II. Rhynchotal notes - Heteroptera: Scutellerinae and Graphosominae" type="journal article" year="1899">
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1899: 31
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</taxonomicName>
(gen. nov.; junior homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FB9BFDF4C72FFD60" authority="CLARK 1864" authorityName="CLARK" authorityYear="1864" box="[1119,1302,632,653]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FB9BFDF4C69DFD60" box="[1119,1188,632,653]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Damelia</emphasis>
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1864
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FAE5FDF4C7BCFD60" box="[1313,1413,632,653]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
] 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FC2CFD1BC73DFD41" authority="KIRKALDY 1904: 280" authorityName="KIRKALDY" authorityPageNumber="280" authorityYear="1904" box="[1000,1284,663,684]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damellera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FC2CFD1BC604FD41" box="[1000,1085,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Damellera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FB8CFD1BC73DFD41" author="KIRKALDY G. W." box="[1096,1284,663,684]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist 37" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="279 - 283" part="498" refId="ref85938" refString="KIRKALDY G. W. (1904): Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Hemiptera. - No. 3. - Entomologist 37 (498): 279 - 283." title="Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Hemiptera. - No. 3." type="journal article" year="1904">
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1904: 280
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</taxonomicName>
(nom. nov. for 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FC2CFD3AC6FBFD26" authority="DISTANT 1899" authorityName="DISTANT" authorityYear="1899" box="[1000,1218,694,715]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FC2CFD3AC614FD26" box="[1000,1069,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Damelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FBFEFD3AC6FBFD26" author="DISTANT W. L." box="[1082,1218,694,715]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="29 - 52" part="7" refId="ref83723" refString="DISTANT W. L. (1899): II. Rhynchotal notes - Heteroptera: Scutellerinae and Graphosominae. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4: 29 - 52." title="II. Rhynchotal notes - Heteroptera: Scutellerinae and Graphosominae" type="journal article" year="1899">
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1899
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); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FB1DFD3AC7A3FD26" author="KIRKALDY G. W." box="[1241,1434,694,715]" journalOrPublisher="Felix Dames, Berlin" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref86002" refString="KIRKALDY G. W. (1909): Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. 1. Cimicidae. - Felix Dames, Berlin: xl, 1 - 392." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. 1. Cimicidae" type="book chapter" year="1909">
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1909: 313
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(synonymy)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B963699FF96FFB4FC2CFD78C71FFCA5" blockId="41.[1000,1435,110,1917]" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">
Type species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FBAAFD78C6EDFCE4" box="[1134,1236,756,777]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FBAAFD78C6EDFCE4" box="[1134,1236,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FB22FD78C65EFCC4" authority="MARTIN 1897" authorityName="MARTIN" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FB22FD78C7A0FCE4" box="[1254,1433,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Solenotichus brevipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FC2CFC98C65EFCC4" author="MARTIN J." box="[1000,1127,788,809]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr." pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="263 - 264" part="1897" refId="ref87393" refString="MARTIN J. (1897): Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]. - Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1897: 263 - 264." title="Sur genre nouveau d'Hemiptere de la tribu des Scutellerinae [Solenotichus]" type="journal article" year="1897">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FF96FFB4FC2CFC98C609FCCA" baselines="804,803" box="[1000,1072,788,809]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Martin" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">MARTIN</smallCapsWord>
1897
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, monotypy; 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FB1AFC98C71AFCC4" authorityName="DISTANT" authorityYear="1899" box="[1246,1315,788,809]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FB1AFC98C71AFCC4" box="[1246,1315,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Damelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FAF7FC98C6FDFCA5" authority="WALKER 1867" authorityName="WALKER" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Sphaerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circuliferus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FAF7FC98C67BFCA5" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Sphaerocoris circuliferus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF96FFB4FB8CFCBFC6FDFCA5" author="WALKER F." box="[1096,1220,819,840]" journalOrPublisher="E. Newman, London" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref89733" refString="WALKER F. (1867): Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata. - E. Newman, London: 1 - 240." title="Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata." type="book chapter" year="1867">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FF96FFB4FB8CFCBFC6A9FCAB" baselines="835,834" box="[1096,1168,819,840]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Walker" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">WALKER</smallCapsWord>
1867
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, monotypy
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FF96FFB4FBCAFCEEC758FA78" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF96FFB4FBCAFCEEC758FA78" blockId="41.[1000,1435,110,1917]" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">
Diagnosis: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF96FFB4FBB9FCEEC6D6FC94" box="[1149,1263,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF96FFB4FBB9FCEEC6D6FC94" box="[1149,1263,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognised by the following combination of characters: body ovoid (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FBA3FC29C688FC51" box="[1127,1201,933,956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); dorsum strongly convex; posterior margin of pronotum arcuate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FC34FC65C607FBED" box="[1008,1086,1001,1024]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); metathoracic peritreme narrow, moderately elongate, medially sulcate, strongly raised distally (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB19FBA0C710FBAE" box="[1245,1321,1068,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
); male abdominal sternal glands submedially on SIV-SVII; ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus almost straight (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FAD2FB1EC7B4FB44" box="[1302,1421,1170,1193]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); ejaculatory reservoir small, circular (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FAB7FB3FC636FB01" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 10c</figureCitation>
); CAI absent; CAII bifurcate, with triangular lobal sclerites; CAIII sclerotized, separate, apices laterally recurved (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FA85FA95C1CEFABF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); vesica elongate, arcuate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FAD1FAB7C7B4FABF" box="[1301,1421,1339,1362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); spermathecal fecundation canal short; and, spermathecal reservoir oval, wrinkled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FF96FFB1FBCAFA23C36AFDF1" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="41" pageNumber="316" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF96FFB1FBCAFA23C36AFDF1" blockId="41.[1000,1435,110,1917]" lastBlockId="44.[154,588,110,1918]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">
Description: Body small to moderately sized; ovoid (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FBAFFA5DC68BFA05" box="[1131,1202,1489,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); dorsum strongly convex; moderately convex ventrally; orange to orange-brown, with patterned markings; dorsum moderately to heavily punctate, less so ventrally. Head: subhemispherical, strongly transverse (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB04F9F6C729F97C" box="[1216,1296,1658,1681]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
); moderately deflexed (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB88F910C6AFF95E" box="[1100,1174,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
); lateral margins of jugae convex, subcarinate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FB0CF931C721F939" box="[1224,1304,1725,1748]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
). Pronotum: transverse, subtrapezoidal, strongly convex (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF96FFB4FC34F88DC600F8F5" box="[1008,1081,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="316">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); anterior margin concave; anterolateral margins strongly divergent, weakly convex, rounded in profile; posterolateral margins weakly convex; posterior margin arcuate. Scutellum: broad, covering most of forewings and abdomen, U-shaped, strongly convex (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FF2BFA5FC30EFA07" box="[239,311,1491,1514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); heavily punctate; anterior region raised, posteriorly strongly declivent. Thoracic sterna: moderately elevated, thickened keels, not overlapping (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FE31F9B4C007F9A2" box="[501,574,1592,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of proepisternum explanate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FF65F9F7C2D0F97F" box="[161,233,1659,1682]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
). Thoracic pleura: external efferent system of metathoracic glands well-developed (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FF18F932C37CF938" box="[220,325,1726,1749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 9c, d</figureCitation>
); ostiole large; peritreme moderately elongate, narrow, medially sulcate, strongly raised distally; evaporative areas extending beyond peritreme and reaching mesepimeron (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FEA7F8C9C3F3F8B1" box="[355,458,1861,1884]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Figs 9c,d</figureCitation>
). Pregenital Abdomen: abdominal sternal glands on SIV-SVII, unpaired on SVII. Male Genitalia: ventral margin of pygophore truncate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FDB2FA5FC086FA07" box="[630,703,1491,1514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 9e</figureCitation>
); genital opening large, transverse, moderately pilose laterally (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FC56FA79C1E4F9E1" box="[914,989,1525,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Figs 9f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FC29FA79C62AF9E1" box="[1005,1043,1525,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">10a</figureCitation>
); parameres, large, stem broad, crown with large hook, apex blunt (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FC9EF9B4C189F9A2" box="[858,944,1592,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 10b</figureCitation>
); aedeagus, ejaculatory apparatus relatively simple and moderately short; ventral conducting canal almost straight (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FCD8F911C1A1F959" box="[796,920,1693,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); ejaculatory reservoir small, circular (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB7FCB5F932C1F0F938" box="[881,969,1726,1749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig. 10c</figureCitation>
); ductus seminis distalis without basal tumescence; CAI absent; CAII symmetrical, mostly membraneous, distally bifid, CAII(L) and CAII(M) subequal in size and shape, both with large triangular, lobal sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF95FFB1FC32F8EAC2DEFF68" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII prominent, segregated, heavily sclerotized, arcuate, apices laterally recurved (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF93FFB1FF3BFF3DC34BFF25" box="[255,370,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); vesica elongate, recurved (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF93FFB1FF34FF5FC355FF07" box="[240,364,211,234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
). Female Terminalia: paratergites VIII subtriangular, medially tapered; paratergites IX large, subtriangular, medial margins rounded; gonocoxae I large, subrectangular, posterior margin concave. Spermatheca: proximal fecundation canal short; spermathecal reservoir oval, with wrinkled texture; distal fecundation canal, with proximal flange only; bulb oval, moderately sclerotised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF566611FF95FFB7FB3EFFE7C78CFD94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="317" startId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" subCaptionStartIDs="42.[1274,1416,480,499]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF95FFB7FB3EFFE7C78CFD94" blockId="42.[1274,1525,107,633]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FB3EFFE7C727FF93" bold="true" box="[1274,1310,107,126]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Fig</emphasis>
. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF95FFB7FB3EFF37C7D3FF23" box="[1274,1514,187,206]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circuliferus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FB3EFF37C7D3FF23" box="[1274,1514,187,206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">Solenotichus circuliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FAC5FF5AC737FF04" bold="true" box="[1281,1294,214,233]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
) Head, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FA1FFF5AC7D0FF04" bold="true" box="[1499,1513,214,233]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
) Head, lateral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FA79FF7CC7F1FEEE" bold="true" box="[1469,1480,240,259]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">c</emphasis>
) Head and thorax, ventral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FAF2FEAAC77DFED4" bold="true" box="[1334,1348,294,313]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">d</emphasis>
) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FA46FEFAC7B6FE64" bold="true" box="[1410,1423,374,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">e</emphasis>
) male pygophore, ventral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF95FFB7FAC5FE27C733FE53" bold="true" box="[1281,1290,427,446]" pageId="42" pageNumber="317">f</emphasis>
) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF566611FF94FFB6FFF8FFE7C2AEFDB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="318" startId="43.[60,96,107,126]" subCaptionStartIDs="43.[60,202,187,206]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF94FFB6FFF8FFE7C2AEFDB3" blockId="43.[60,670,107,606]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF94FFB6FFF8FFE7C2BCFF93" bold="true" box="[60,133,107,126]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">Fig. 10</emphasis>
: Male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF94FFB6FE80FFE7C00DFF93" box="[324,564,107,126]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circuliferus">Solenotichus circuliferus</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF94FFB6FF80FF0AC268FF74" bold="true" box="[68,81,134,153]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">a</emphasis>
) pygophore, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF94FFB6FE92FF0AC35DFF74" bold="true" box="[342,356,134,153]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">b</emphasis>
) paramere, lateral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF94FFB6FF80FF2CC276FF5E" bold="true" box="[68,79,160,179]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">c</emphasis>
) aedeagus, lateral view (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF94FFB6FE8EFF2CC361FF5E" bold="true" box="[330,344,160,179]" pageId="43" pageNumber="318">d</emphasis>
) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FF93FFB1FF04FDBAC075FD82" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF93FFB1FF04FDBAC075FD82" blockId="44.[154,588,110,1918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">
Diversity and distribution: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FE1DFDBAC072FDA0" box="[473,587,566,589]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FE1DFDBAC072FDA0" box="[473,587,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus, endemic to Australia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FF93FFB1FF5EFD05C073FD2C" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF93FFB1FF5EFD05C073FD2C" blockId="44.[154,588,110,1918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FF5EFD05C370FD4D" bold="true" box="[154,329,649,672]" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Included species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FF5EFD26C382FD2C" authority="(WALKER 1867)" baseAuthorityName="WALKER" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[154,443,682,705]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circuliferus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FF5EFD26C320FD2C" box="[154,281,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">S. circuliferus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF93FFB1FEE3FD26C38DFD2C" author="WALKER F." box="[295,436,682,705]" journalOrPublisher="E. Newman, London" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref89733" refString="WALKER F. (1867): Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata. - E. Newman, London: 1 - 240." title="Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata." type="book chapter" year="1867">WALKER 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
Australia
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FF93FFB1FF04FD67C318F9F0" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B963699FF93FFB1FF04FD67C031FAAF" blockId="44.[154,588,110,1918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">
Remarks: 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FEEEFD67C3A5FCEF" box="[298,412,747,770]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FEEEFD67C3A5FCEF" box="[298,412,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive genus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FF39FC81C354FCC9" box="[253,365,781,804]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elvisurinae">Elvisurinae</taxonomicName>
, due to its oval and highly convex body, elongate and arcuate vesica, separated CAIII, simple ejaculatory apparatus (without convoluted ventral conducting canal) (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF93FFB1FEF3FC18C39EFC46" box="[311,423,916,939]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
), and moderately elongate, raised metathoracic peritreme (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFF93FFB1FF64FC54C33FFC02" box="[160,262,984,1007]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Figs 9c, d</figureCitation>
). The separate CAIII of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FDC2FC54C2F6FBFC" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FDC2FC54C2F6FBFC" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occur in 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FE9FFC76C024FBFC" authorityName="WALKER" authorityYear="1867" box="[347,541,1018,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excellens">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FE9FFC76C024FBFC" box="[347,541,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Coleotichus excellens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differ significantly in shape (arcuate versus S-shaped). On this character system alone, the monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FE96FBECC384FB9A" authorityName="HandlirscHi SCHOUTEDEN" authorityYear="1905" box="[338,445,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FE96FBECC384FB9A" box="[338,445,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Coleotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brought into question, however the truncate posterior margin of the pronotum, and other aspects of the male aedeagus, indicate other possible affinities. In summary, the sister-taxon relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFF93FFB1FECEFA85C345FACD" box="[266,380,1289,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFF93FFB1FECEFA85C345FACD" box="[266,380,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">Solenotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not established on the basis of the characters examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FF93FFB1FF04FAD0C318F9F0" blockId="44.[154,588,110,1918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF93FFB1FF04FAD0C375FA9E" author="GROSS G. F." box="[192,332,1372,1395]" journalOrPublisher="A. B. James, Adelaide" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref84925" refString="GROSS G. F. (1975): Plant-feeding and other bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera - Part 1. A. B. James, Adelaide: 1 - 250, 3 colour pls." title="Plant-feeding and other bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera - Part 1" type="book chapter" year="1975">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FF93FFB1FF04FAD0C338FA9F" baselines="1389,1390" box="[192,257,1372,1395]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Gross" pageId="44" pageNumber="319">GROSS</smallCapsWord>
(1975)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF93FFB1FE44FAD0C2C6FA78" author="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="44" pageNumber="319" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref87212" refString="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS (1984): Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera). - Aust. J. Zool. 32: 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
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&amp; 
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(1984)
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redescribed the type species, and confirmed its synonymy, but did not comment on its relationships. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FF93FFB1FE60FA4EC2E4FA16" author="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS" editor="HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv" pageId="44" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 732" refId="ref83117" refString="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS (2002): Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). - In: HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv + 1 - 732." title="Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B" year="2002">
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&amp; 
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(2002)
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provided a comprehensive synonymy for the genus.
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</subSubSection>
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