325 lines
38 KiB
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325 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.39339" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58ccbb9b-77c5-467c-ada3-1144c7787f28" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-72-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8A644B2448E0561280E1C1D6E3605D88" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532349" ID-ZooBank="FF31285C684D4A64AB2B19BB98EF604E" ModsDocID="1314-2607-72-83" checkinTime="1572595423860" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko & Viitasaari, Matti" docDate="2019" docId="F23D5B28B3FE5A0DAAE01E0DCCCAD6A8" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 72: 83-126" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 72" docPubDate="2019-10-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.39339" docTitle="Heterarthrus fiora Liston 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9468A718-FEED-4DD8-AD6E-DE0F7BC6F359" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="8A644B2448E0561280E1C1D6E3605D88" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="8A644B2448E0561280E1C1D6E3605D88" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomy of Heterarthrus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with a review of the West Palaearctic species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1678753298854" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the taxonomy of Heterarthrus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with a review of the West Palaearctic species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-424X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-6308</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Viitasaari, Matti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Alkutie 41 E, 00660 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>83</mods:start>
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<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.39339</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.39339</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-72-83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FF31285C684D4A64AB2B19BB98EF604E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8A644B2448E0561280E1C1D6E3605D88</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3532349</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160104958" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9468A718-FEED-4DD8-AD6E-DE0F7BC6F359" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F23D5B28B3FE5A0DAAE01E0DCCCAD6A8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9468A718-FEED-4DD8-AD6E-DE0F7BC6F359" authority="Liston" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus fiora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiora" status="sp. nov.">Heterarthrus fiora Liston</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="93">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authority="Liston & Mutanen & Viitasaari, 2019" authorityName="Liston & Mutanen & Viitasaari" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris" status="sp. nov.">Heterarthrus aceris</taxonomicName>
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: misidentification.
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<bibRefCitation author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 188-189, figs 2, 5, 6, 14, 15.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="93">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 22–32" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 22 - 32. Heterarthrus 22 - 24 hypopygia: 22 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 20656 23 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31984 24 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 25 - 28 valvulae 3 dorsal: 25 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 11397 26 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 83894 27 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 28 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83896 29 H. leucomela ♀ DEI-GISHym 83894 lateral 30, 31 H. ochropoda ♀ DEI-GISHym 83895 lateral, dorsal 32 H. vagans ♀ DEI-GISHym 83897 dorsal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures22-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351582" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures22-32">24</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–40" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 33 - 40. Heterarthrus 33, 34 median mesoscutal lobes ♀: 33 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 34 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 35, 36 head frontal ♂: 35 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11095 36 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31981 37, 38 fore wing ♂: 37 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83898 38 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 83899 39, 40 H. fiora sp. nov. ♀ holotype: 39 dorsal 40 head frontal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351583" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40">39</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">46</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">Body length</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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3.5-4.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="93">Colour</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shiny black and dirty white (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–40" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 33 - 40. Heterarthrus 33, 34 median mesoscutal lobes ♀: 33 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 34 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 35, 36 head frontal ♂: 35 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11095 36 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31981 37, 38 fore wing ♂: 37 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83898 38 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 83899 39, 40 H. fiora sp. nov. ♀ holotype: 39 dorsal 40 head frontal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351583" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40">Figs 39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">43</figureCitation>
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). Head: black with the following parts pale: labrum, anterior and lateral parts of clypeus, malar space partly, a band along inner orbit about half way up the eye, a U-shaped fleck on supraclypeal area, labial palpomeres 2 and 3, maxillary palpomeres 3 and 4, base of mandible (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–40" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 33 - 40. Heterarthrus 33, 34 median mesoscutal lobes ♀: 33 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 34 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 35, 36 head frontal ♂: 35 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11095 36 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31981 37, 38 fore wing ♂: 37 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83898 38 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 83899 39, 40 H. fiora sp. nov. ♀ holotype: 39 dorsal 40 head frontal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351583" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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). Antenna black with 2-3 apical flagellomeres more or less red-brown (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
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). Thorax: black with the following parts white: very narrow lateral and hind margin of prono
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="94" start="start">tum</pageBreakToken>
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, margins of tegula (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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). Legs black; pale are apices of coxae, femora, more or less anterior surfaces of all tibiae. Wings light brownish infuscate, veins and pterostigma dark brown. Abdomen: black. Very narrow posterior edges of terga more or less white. Sterna entirely dark.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Structure</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Head: with sparse, silvery pubescence. Frons divided in the middle by a longitudinal depression that is rather broad just below the median ocellus, becoming very narrow ventrally, and ending well before an imaginary line connecting the upper margins of the toruli (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–40" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 33 - 40. Heterarthrus 33, 34 median mesoscutal lobes ♀: 33 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 34 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 35, 36 head frontal ♂: 35 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11095 36 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31981 37, 38 fore wing ♂: 37 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83898 38 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 83899 39, 40 H. fiora sp. nov. ♀ holotype: 39 dorsal 40 head frontal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351583" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures33-40">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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). Postocellar area short, medially 1.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">Figs 41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">42</figureCitation>
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). Malar space 0.29-0.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as height of eye. Head in dorsal view strongly contracted behind eyes. Usually 12 antennomeres, rarely 11 (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
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). Ratio of lengths of flagellomeres 1-8 approximately as: 100, 75, 71, 62, 51, 46, 42, 40. Thorax: Median mesoscutal lobes with straight transverse grooves at about 0.25 from anterior; coriaceous sculpture on anterior two-thirds (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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). Lateral lobes with lateral longitudinal coriaceous band. Mesoscutellum shiny with sparse, weak punctures, mesoscutellar appendage highly polished. Metascutellum transversally wrinkled. Mesopleuron covered with short pubescence and finely punctate, but pectus bare and shiny. Abdomen: Tergum 1 less densely sculptured than 2, and more distinctly shiny. Terga 2-7 with dense sculpture, but slightly shiny (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Apical terga with very weak sculpture basally, otherwise unsculptured. Hypopygium deeply emarginate medially (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 22–32" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 22 - 32. Heterarthrus 22 - 24 hypopygia: 22 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 20656 23 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31984 24 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 25 - 28 valvulae 3 dorsal: 25 H. microcephalus DEI-GISHym 11397 26 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 83894 27 H. ochropoda DEI-GISHym 83895 28 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83896 29 H. leucomela ♀ DEI-GISHym 83894 lateral 30, 31 H. ochropoda ♀ DEI-GISHym 83895 lateral, dorsal 32 H. vagans ♀ DEI-GISHym 83897 dorsal. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures22-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351582" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures22-32">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sawsheath in dorsal view subparallel-sided, with apex blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 41–48" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 41 - 48. Heterarthrus 41 - 46 H. fiora ♀: 41, 42 head dorsal at different viewing angles, holotype 43 DEI-GISHym 83900 lateral 44, 45 DEI-GISHym 83900 sawsheath dorsal, lateral 46 DEI-GISHym 31977 antenna 47, 48 head frontal ♀: 47 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 11091 48 H. kamtchaticus (H. aihinoensis holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351584" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures41-48">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae curved and directed backwards. Lancet with 13 teeth. 8-11 denticles per tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical teeth, apart from last two, clearly separated from each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown: the species is exclusively parthenogenetic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mentions of males under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by, for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, RB" journalOrPublisher="Krkonosske prace" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" refId="B7" refString="Benson, RB, 1952. Hymenoptera, Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 6(2b): 51-137." title="Hymenoptera, Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 6 (2 b): 51 - 137." year="1952">Benson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are based on misidentifications of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Heterarthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. wuestneii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="wuestneii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. wuestneii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. fiora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="fiora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. fiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="94" type="variability">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Examined specimens are all highly similar, with only very slight differences in the extent of the pale pattern on the head.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
: Female. [Four printed labels:] Austria, Kammern, 12.v.1977, leg. Altenhofer. Larva ex
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
8.vii.1976.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liston & Mutanen & Viitasaari" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Heterarthrus aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kalt. det. Zombori 1977. DEI-GISHym31975. Deposited in HNHM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: Austria: 7♀ (including DEI-GISHym31976, 31977, 83900) same collection data as holotype, but only one specimen with label indicating that it was determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by L. Zombori. Deposited in HNHM, except for one specimen, without head, in SDEI. Ireland: 1♀, Tyrone, Pomeroy, 27.5.1987, leg. A. Liston (NMS). Scotland: 1♀, Edinburgh, Corstorphine Hill, ovipositing in leaf edge of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1.6.1979, leg. A. Liston (NMS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus wuestneii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuestneii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Heterarthrus wuestneii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Altenhofer & Zombori" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">Heterarthrus cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in size, colour, and external morphology. The lancet teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. fiora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="fiora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. fiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat angular, each with 8-11 denticles, and the apical teeth, apart from last two, are clearly separated from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. wuestneii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="wuestneii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. wuestneii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="94">H. cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more rounded, lower, with 12-15 smaller denticles, and the apical teeth are not clearly separated from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–21" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 21. Heterarthrus ♀ 15, 16 basal abdominal terga: 15 H. fiora sp. nov. holotype 16 H. leucomela DEI-GISHym 31980 17, 18 median mesoscutal lobes: 17 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976 18 H. vagans DEI-GISHym 83893 19 - 21 lancets: 19 H. wuestneii DEI-GISHym 31983 20 H. cuneifrons DEI-GISHym 31979 21 H. fiora sp. nov. DEI-GISHym 31976." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351581" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.39339.figures15-21">20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="12" pageNumber="95" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="95" start="start">Note</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="12" pageNumber="95">
|
||
the key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="95">H. aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Salicaceae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus fiora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="95">Heterarthrus fiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has malar space and entire tegula dirty white, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="95">H. cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the malar space and basal half of tegula black. These characters are in our opinion not reliable: the tegula of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. fiora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="fiora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="96" start="start">H</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. fiora
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is normally dark on the interior and margined with white (as is in fact written in the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">H. aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Altenhofer and Zombori, 1987), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">H. cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also have a nearly completely pale malar space. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. aceris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">H. aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
auct. is relatively narrowed behind the eyes, like
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuneifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="cuneifrons">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">H. cuneifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we are not convinced that any interspecific differences in head shape exist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
|
||
The name, to be treated as a noun, is derived from the Scottish Gaelic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="fìor-chrainn">fior-chrainn</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(sycamore tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Host plants and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Acer pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.: as recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Altenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="30" pageNumber="113" pagination="185 - 197" refId="B4" refString="Altenhofer, E, Zombori, L, 1987. The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 79: 185 - 197" title="The species of Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835 feeding on maple (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="79" year="1987">Altenhofer and Zombori (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spaeth, J" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="60 - 70" refId="B67" refString="Spaeth, J, Liston, AD, 2003. Bestimmung von Blattminen der Blattwespengattung Heterarthrus an Ahorn (Acer sp.) sowie Neunachweise aus Deutschland (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 52: 60 - 70" title="Bestimmung von Blattminen der Blattwespengattung Heterarthrus an Ahorn (Acer sp.) sowie Neunachweise aus Deutschland (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." volume="52" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Späth">Spaeth</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Liston (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The leaf-mine develops from the edge of the leaf. The circular cocoon, constructed in part from the upper leaf epidermis, separates from the leaf and falls to the ground before the leaf falls from the tree. Univoltine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Probably widespread in Europe, but many records under the name
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">aceris</emphasis>
|
||
are unreliable because of nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |