treatments-xml/data/A1/5C/4A/A15C4A58FFF1A54CFD83F93EFC31FAC3.xml

<document id="68D16693C1FBA7435A2E8042C9669A33" ID-CLB-Dataset="22133" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.440" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a75a03c-3b98-4f41-821d-10da4406d93e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827554" ID-ZooBank="DB80A42B-5C53-455B-86A4-2003D6F03522" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589477345884" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Mariaux, Jean &amp; Georgiev, Boyko B." docDate="2018" docId="A15C4A58FFF1A54CFD83F93EFC31FAC3" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-440_mariaux_georgiev.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 440" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spiniglans beveridgei Mariaux &amp; Georgiev 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A7F42F63-A54F-4165-BDF1-FE21F47DA734" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="5D653220FFF6A546FFE4FFE2FFD4FFDC" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698839728624" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BFB42CF8C494AC9147BBB2A3873C39B4">Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="A0CE30FA0E32A84402BD47BDFE69BAFC">Mariaux, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1794EEE788AC33AFCC6A6E990D3FD570">Natural History Museum of Geneva, CP 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland. Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Boulevard d’Ivoy 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="5A255DDD182534CD2C03DFFD2AC710E6">Georgiev, Boyko B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="90C2EA749F26C40736EB8E0E455FEE7B" type="email">bbg@ecolab.bas.bg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F5900BC16F3E467A4A63C83FEE66D79A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0D1841D7A2EDC30AE8764A257599F490">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2AE9819AF84DDC8DCC741F91D000F844">2018-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6BEDD2926B1D67637BD4186BA34CF409" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A15C4A58FFF1A54CFD83F93EFC31FAC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164152600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846838" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7F42F63-A54F-4165-BDF1-FE21F47DA734" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A15C4A58FFF1A54CFD83F93EFC31FAC3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFF1A541FD83F93EFB10F8C6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFF1A541FD83F93EFC19F92B" blockId="7.[367,1220,1756,1853]" box="[615,973,1756,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="72024C22FFF1A541FD83F93EFC19F92B" box="[615,973,1756,1783]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFF1A541FD83F93EFCBFF92B" authority="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev, 2018" authorityName="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev" authorityYear="2018" box="[615,875,1756,1783]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="beveridgei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFF1A541FD83F93EFCBFF92B" bold="true" box="[615,875,1756,1783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiniglans beveridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B29A27FFF1A541FC96F93FFC19F92B" box="[882,973,1757,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFF1A541FE8BF91DFB10F8C6" blockId="7.[367,1220,1756,1853]" box="[367,1220,1791,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<uuid id="5D53C19BFFF1A541FD6AF91DFB10F8C6" box="[654,1220,1791,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A7F42F63-A54F-4165-BDF1-FE21F47DA734</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFF1A541FD4AF8C0FC52F8E1" box="[686,902,1826,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFF1A541FD4AF8C0FC52F8E1" blockId="7.[367,1220,1756,1853]" box="[686,902,1826,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFF1A541FD4AF8C0FCF7F8E1" box="[686,803,1826,1853]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="6477CEF5FFF1A541FCCBF8C0FC52F8E1" box="[815,902,1826,1853]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[188,257,686,714]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. with the other species of the genus Spiniglans Yamaguti, 1959." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFF1A541FF59F886FC1CF80C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFF1A541FF59F886FE90F8A2" blockId="7.[189,324,1892,1918]" box="[189,324,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="72024C22FFF1A541FF59F886FE90F8A2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1892,1918]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFF1A541FF59F886FE90F8A2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFF1A541FF59F870FC1CF80C" blockId="7.[189,1399,1938,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The species is dedicated to Professor Ian Beveridge, a friend and colleague, collector of this material, in recognition of his major contribution to systematic helminthology.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFFEA54EFF59FEE9FBF7FD60" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FEE9FE7EFEF9" blockId="8.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="72024C22FFFEA54EFF59FEE9FE7EFEF9" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF59FEE9FE7EFEF9" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="999DF113FFFEA54EFF0EFED8FABDFEAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2619826304" collectingDate="2001-04-22" collectorName="Ian Beveridge" country="Australia" latitude="-38.133335" location="Geelong" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="144.36667" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF0EFED8FE88FE88" blockId="8.[189,1385,314,375]" box="[234,348,314,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF0EFED8FE88FE88" bold="true" box="[234,348,314,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="F64E45ECFFFEA54EFF0EFED8FE88FE88" box="[234,348,314,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FEBFFABDFEAB" blockId="8.[189,1385,314,375]" box="[189,1385,347,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="51E2BBDEFFFEA54EFF59FEBFFEBCFEAB" box="[189,360,349,375]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="EB3135ACFFFEA54EFE96FEBFFE00FEAB" box="[370,468,349,375]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="2C2AAD95FFFEA54EFE3BFEBFFD91FEAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A15C4A58FFF1A54CFD83F93EFC31FAC3:2C2AAD95FFFEA54EFE3BFEBFFD91FEAB" box="[479,581,349,375]" country="Australia" latitude="-38.133335" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="144.36667" name="Geelong" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Victoria">Geelong</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4CC19D89FFFEA54EFDB5FEB9FD7DFEAB" box="[593,681,347,375]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-38.133335">38°8′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4CC19D89FFFEA54EFD52FEB9FCF9FEAB" box="[694,813,347,375]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="144.36667">144°22′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="5D4BDD8EFFFEA54EFCDDFEBFFC00FEAB" box="[825,980,349,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001-04-22">
<collectingDate id="4D0F2466FFFEA54EFCDDFEBFFC00FEAB" box="[825,980,349,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001-04-22">22 Apr. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="84009E98FFFEA54EFC04FEBFFB52FEAB" box="[992,1158,349,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ian Beveridge</collectorName>
leg. (AHC 36467).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF0EFE7CFEB3FE64" blockId="8.[189,1051,414,476]" box="[234,359,414,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF0EFE7CFEB3FE64" bold="true" box="[234,359,414,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="F64E45ECFFFEA54EFF0EFE7CFEB3FE64" box="[234,359,414,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FE23FBCFFE00" blockId="8.[189,1051,414,476]" box="[189,1051,449,476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="51E2BBDEFFFEA54EFF59FE23FEBCFE07" box="[189,360,449,475]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
: 10 specs, same data as for 
<typeStatus id="F64E45ECFFFEA54EFD4FFE23FCC6FE07" box="[683,786,449,475]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(AHC 36468–36477).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FDE1FEE2FDC1" blockId="8.[189,310,515,541]" box="[189,310,515,541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="72024C22FFFEA54EFF59FDE1FEE2FDC1" bold="true" box="[189,310,515,541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF59FDE1FEE2FDC1" bold="true" box="[189,310,515,541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type host</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FDD0FCA0FD90" blockId="8.[189,884,561,588]" box="[189,884,561,588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFEA54EFF59FDD0FDE6FD97" authority="Matthews, 1912" authorityName="Matthews" authorityYear="1912" box="[189,562,561,588]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mellori">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF59FDD0FEBAFD97" box="[189,366,561,588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corvus mellori</emphasis>
Matthews, 1912
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFEA54EFDA5FDD3FD3FFD97" box="[577,747,561,587]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFEA54EFD12FDD3FCB3FD90" box="[758,871,561,588]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FD90FEF8FD50" blockId="8.[189,300,626,652]" box="[189,300,626,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="72024C22FFFEA54EFF59FD90FEF8FD50" bold="true" box="[189,300,626,652]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF59FD90FEF8FD50" bold="true" box="[189,300,626,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Intensity</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FD43FBF7FD60" blockId="8.[189,1059,673,700]" box="[189,1059,673,700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
About 
<specimenCount id="3FF330C7FFFEA54EFEEAFD43FE78FD67" box="[270,428,673,700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">55 specimens</specimenCount>
in a single host, together with 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFEA54EFCF2FD40FC16FD67" authority="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev, 2018" authorityName="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev" authorityYear="2018" box="[790,962,673,700]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Sobolevitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="whittingtoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFCF2FD40FC16FD67" box="[790,962,673,700]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectionCode id="4FE4638BFFFEA54EFCF2FD40FCFCFD60" box="[790,808,674,700]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. whittingtoni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B29A27FFFEA54EFC2DFD40FBF7FD60" box="[969,1059,674,700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFFEA54CFF59FD00FA96FE94" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FD00FE9AFD20" blockId="8.[189,334,738,764]" box="[189,334,738,764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="72024C22FFFEA54EFF59FD00FE9AFD20" bold="true" box="[189,334,738,764]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFEA54EFF59FD00FE9AFD20" bold="true" box="[189,334,738,764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FCF3FD19FA79" blockId="8.[189,1399,785,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Body of medium size with length 
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFEA54EFDBFFCF3FD08FCF0" box="[603,732,785,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="57.0">57–63 mm</quantity>
and maximum width 1050–1280 (1170, n = 6) at level of late mature proglottides. Most complete late mature to pregravid specimens consisting of 169–198 proglottides. Proglottides craspedote, initially wider than long, progressively becoming longer, square at mature stage and longer than wide at late mature stage. Ventral osmoregulatory canals connected posteriorly in each proglottis by transverse anastomosis. Longitudinal musculature with well-marked bundles. Scolex (
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFFEA54EFE66FC23FE12FC00" box="[386,454,961,988]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) rounded, well marked, sometimes showing a transverse fold behind suckers, with diameter 325–450 (397, n = 6). Suckers strong, rounded, 
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFEA54EFC86FC06FC33FC22" box="[866,999,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1274999999999995" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.683" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="162.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="145.0">145–180 in</quantity>
diameter (161, n = 24), unarmed. Rostellar apparatus musculo-glandular, with developed glandular tissue along whole rostellar sac length often slightly protruding apically even when retracted. Rostellar sac well-delineated, 374–450 × 132– 152 (383 × 142, n = 6) tapering posteriorly, extending beyond level of posterior margin of suckers, often with terminal bubble-like extension. 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFEA54EFD94FB93FD3DFB57" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[624,745,1137,1163]" family="Rostellum" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Rostellum</taxonomicName>
oval, strongly muscular, with well-marked constriction behind hooks, 224–270 × 85–105 (242 × 94, n = 6). Rostellar hooks (
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFFEA54EFC02FB76FBF8FB72" box="[998,1068,1172,1198]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) in two mostly regular rows (with occasional slight irregularities or indistinct row delineation), 20 (n = 1), 21 (n = 3) or 22 (n = 4) in number, robust, with strong guard and slightly bent tapering extremity of handle. Anterior hooks 40.5–44 (42, n = 8), posterior hooks 38.5–40.5 (39.5, n = 6). Proglottization distinct at 500–650 (568, n = 7) from posterior margin of suckers Genital pores anterior situated at about 20% of length of lateral proglottis margin, irregularly alternating in short series, e.g., …1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 3, 1, 1, 2... No more than five consecutive pores observed on single side. Genital ducts passing between osmoregulatory canals. Genital atrium small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59FA2FFCFAF901" blockId="8.[189,1399,1484,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Testes 40–58 (49, n = 54) in number (
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFEA54EFD9DFA2EFD37FA3A" box="[633,739,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2446" metricValueMax="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="49.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="43.0">43–55 in</quantity>
90% of counts), in one or two layers, in one continuous posterior file, denser posteriorly, mostly extending antero-laterally up to level of vitellarium but a few may be more anterior, especially at antiporal side, occasionally overlapping osmoregulatory canals (
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFFEA54EFF22F9D4FEDAF98C" box="[198,270,1590,1616]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). External vas deferens 
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFEA54EFDC8F9D4FD7EF98C" box="[556,682,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3815" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="3.429" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="17.25" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="13.5">13.5–21 in</quantity>
diameter (17, n = 15), highly convoluted in the antero-poral part of proglottis, not overlapping cirrus-sac. Cirrus-sac short, oval or bean-shaped, 87–118 × 47–68 (102 × 55, n = 44), transverse or slightly curved anteriorly, rarely reaching poral osmoregulatory canals. Internal vas deferens coiled, making several large loops within cirrus-sac. Cirrus armed with compact tuft of fine bristle-like spines about 35 long (
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFFEA54EFD2DF920FCF4F901" box="[713,800,1730,1757]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFEA54EFF59F8E6FAA2F870" blockId="8.[189,1399,1796,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Vitellarium central, transversely elongated, lobate, variable in shape. Ovary transversely elongated, deeply and finely branched, lobulate, bi-alate, antiporal wing much larger than poral one. Mehlis’ gland 70–105 (84, n = 15) closely anterior to vitellarium. Seminal receptacle initially round, rapidly becoming oval, reaching up to 175 × 114, dorsal, posterior to external vas deferens, often over poral ovary wing. Vagina thick-walled, along posterior margin of cirrus-sac, mostly straight 
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFEA54EFBA7F873FB1FF877" box="[1091,1227,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.921" metricValueMin="1.905" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–11.5 in</quantity>
diameter (9.5
</paragraph>
<caption id="7D8AABC6FFFFA54FFF59F899FD58F800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" targetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFFA54FFF59F899FD58F800" blockId="9.[189,1399,1915,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFF59F899FEEAF849" bold="true" box="[189,318,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 7–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFFA54FFEAFF899FD84F849" authority="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev, 2018" authorityName="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev" authorityYear="2018" box="[331,592,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="beveridgei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFEAFF899FD84F849" box="[331,592,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spiniglans beveridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B29A27FFFFA54FFDB8F89EFD68F84A" box="[604,700,1916,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFD2DF899FD0CF849" bold="true" box="[713,728,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7</emphasis>
. Scolex. 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFCB4F899FC8BF849" bold="true" box="[848,863,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</emphasis>
. Hooks. 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFC37F899FC36F849" bold="true" box="[979,994,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9</emphasis>
. Mature proglottis. 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFB38F899FB2DF849" bold="true" box="[1244,1273,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</emphasis>
. Terminal genitalia. 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFFA54FFED0F87CFE9AF864" bold="true" box="[308,334,1950,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11</emphasis>
. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFCA54CFF59FEEEFA96FE94" blockId="10.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
n = 12), externally gained with loose parenchymal cells. Vaginal pore posterior to pore of cirrus-sac. Young uterus reticular (
<figureCitation id="B1CEE7CBFFFCA54CFE36FECCFDF2FE95" box="[466,550,302,329]" captionStart="Figs 7–11" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1915,1941]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,278,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1391,261,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827558/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) in pregravid proglottides. Gravid segments and eggs not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61EFA8C5FFFCA54CFF59FE92FC31FAC3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFCA54CFF59FE92FEFBFE56" blockId="10.[189,303,368,394]" box="[189,303,368,394]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="72024C22FFFCA54CFF59FE92FEFBFE56" bold="true" box="[189,303,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFF59FE92FEFBFE56" bold="true" box="[189,303,368,394]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFCA54CFF59FE7CFE19FD99" blockId="10.[189,1399,414,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFEAEFE7DFD46FE65" authority="Yamaguti, 1959" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1959" box="[330,658,414,441]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFEAEFE7DFE12FE65" box="[330,454,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiniglans</emphasis>
Yamaguti, 1959
</taxonomicName>
has been discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFC24FE7DFB88FE65" author="Bona F. V." box="[960,1116,415,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="443 - 554" refId="ref18725" refString="Bona F. V. 1994. Family Dilepididae Railliet &amp; Henry, 1909. In: Khalil L. F., Jones A. &amp; Bray R. A. (eds) Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates: 443 - 554. CAB International, Wallingford." type="book chapter" year="1994">
<collectingCountry id="51E2BBDEFFFCA54CFC24FE7DFC2AFE65" box="[960,1022,415,441]" name="Algeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bona</collectingCountry>
(
<date id="5D4BDD8EFFFCA54CFBF0FE7DFB87FE65" box="[1044,1107,415,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1994">1994</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFB8AFE7CFAEAFE65" author="Salamatin R. V." box="[1134,1342,414,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref21194" refString="Salamatin R. V. 1999. The cestodes of the genus Spiniglans (Dilepididae) from the corvid birds (Corvidae) from Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii 33: 75 - 81. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1999">
Salamatin (
<date id="5D4BDD8EFFFCA54CFB1DFE7DFAE2FE65" box="[1273,1334,415,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999">1999</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFF59FE20FE3DFE00" author="Kornyushin V. V. &amp; Salamatin R. V. &amp; Greben O. B. &amp; Georgiev B. B." box="[189,489,450,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="85 - 93" refId="ref20121" refString="Kornyushin V. V., Salamatin R. V., Greben O. B. &amp; Georgiev B. B. 2009. Spiniglans sharpiloi sp. n. (Cestoda, Dilepididae), a parasite of the common magpie, Pica pica, in the Palaearctic. Vestnik Zoologii Supplement 23: 85 - 93." type="journal article" year="2009">
Kornyushin 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFEB5FE21FE52FE00" box="[337,390,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. (
<date id="5D4BDD8EFFFCA54CFE7BFE20FE34FE00" box="[415,480,450,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2009">2009</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. The latter authors briefly reviewed the generic characters and listed 4 valid species, from 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFE85FE07FE19FE23" box="[353,461,485,511]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
in the Old World, as well a few other closely related taxa possibly belonging to the genus. They also predicted that more taxa in this group would be found both in other European and tropical corvid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFCA54CFF59FD8FFE4FFC7D" blockId="10.[189,1399,621,929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Our material can easily be distinguished from most presently recognized species in the genus (
<tableCitation id="6477CEF5FFFCA54CFAE9FD8FFABCFD5B" box="[1293,1384,621,647]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[188,257,686,714]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. with the other species of the genus Spiniglans Yamaguti, 1959." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 2</tableCitation>
). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFE8BFD72FD3AFD76" authority="(Southwell, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Southwell" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[367,750,656,682]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="microsoma">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFE8BFD72FDC4FD76" box="[367,528,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. microsoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFDC5FD72FD32FD76" author="Southwell T." box="[545,742,656,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="355 - 382" refId="ref21349" refString="Southwell T. 1922. Cestodes from Indian birds with a note on Ligula intestinalis. Annals of Tropical Medicine &amp; Parasitology 16: 355 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1922.11684330" type="journal article" year="1922">Southwell, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by having more testes; from 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFBB5FD72FAA2FD77" authority="(Krabbe, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Krabbe" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1105,1398,656,683]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFBB5FD72FB6DFD76" box="[1105,1209,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. affinis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFB2DFD72FABAFD77" author="Krabbe H." box="[1225,1390,656,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="251 - 389" refId="ref20181" refString="Krabbe H. 1869. Bidrag til kundskab om fuglenes baendelorme. Videnskabelige Selskab Skrifter, 5. raekke, Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdel 8: 251 - 389." type="journal article" year="1869">Krabbe, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by smaller rostellar hooks, fewer testes and a smaller 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFCA3FD51FC6EFD11" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[839,954,691,717]" family="Rostellum" pageId="10" pageNumber="18" rank="family">rostellum</taxonomicName>
; from 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFBEEFD56FA9BFD12" authority="(Molin, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Molin" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1034,1359,691,718]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFBEEFD56FB4BFD11" box="[1034,1183,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. constricta</emphasis>
(Molin, 1858)
</taxonomicName>
by a larger cirrus-sac, rostellar pouch and 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFD7DFD34FCD8FD2C" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[665,780,726,752]" family="Rostellum" pageId="10" pageNumber="18" rank="family">rostellum</taxonomicName>
; from 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFCBAFD35FED5FCC8" authority="(Georgiev, Kornyushin &amp; Genov, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Georgiev, Kornyushin &amp; Genov" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pirinica">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFCBAFD35FC0FFD2C" box="[862,987,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. pirinica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFC0AFD34FF2DFCC8" author="Georgiev B. B. &amp; Kornyushin V. V. &amp; Genov T." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref19658" refString="Georgiev B. B., Kornyushin V. V. &amp; Genov T. 1987. Choanotaenia pirinica sp. n. (Cestoda, Dilepididae) - a parasite of the Alpine Chough in Bulgaria. Vestnik Zoologii 1987: 3 - 7. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1987">Georgiev, Kornyushin &amp; Genov, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by much shorter hooks and a smaller cirrus-sac. Our material most closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFB0BFD18FE01FCEB" authority="Kornyushin et al., 2009" authorityName="Kornyushin" authorityYear="2009" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sharpiloi">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFB0BFD18FAA2FCC8" box="[1263,1398,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. sharpiloi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFF59FCFFFE01FCEB" author="Kornyushin V. V. &amp; Salamatin R. V. &amp; Greben O. B. &amp; Georgiev B. B." box="[189,469,797,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="85 - 93" refId="ref20121" refString="Kornyushin V. V., Salamatin R. V., Greben O. B. &amp; Georgiev B. B. 2009. Spiniglans sharpiloi sp. n. (Cestoda, Dilepididae), a parasite of the common magpie, Pica pica, in the Palaearctic. Vestnik Zoologii Supplement 23: 85 - 93." type="journal article" year="2009">
Kornyushin 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFEABFCFCFE50FCEB" box="[335,388,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished from it by slightly larger rostellar hooks and a longer rostellar pouch and 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFE46FCA2FDC1FC86" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[418,533,832,858]" family="Rostellum" pageId="10" pageNumber="18" rank="family">rostellum</taxonomicName>
. It is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFD18FCA2FB17FC86" authority="(Joyeux, Baer &amp; Martin, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Joyeux, Baer &amp; Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[764,1219,832,858]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="corvi">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFD18FCA2FC81FC86" box="[764,853,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. corvi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFC80FCA2FB6FFC86" author="Joyeux C. &amp; Baer J. G. &amp; Martin R." box="[868,1211,832,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="416 - 423" refId="ref19954" refString="Joyeux C., Baer J. G. &amp; Martin R. 1937. Sur quelques helminthes de la Somalie-Nord (Deuxieme note). Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique 30: 416 - 423." type="journal article" year="1937">Joyeux, Baer &amp; Martin, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
but it has more testes and a shorter cirrus-sac. In consequence, we consider it to belong to a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFB1FFC81FEEDFC7C" authority="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev, 2018" authorityName="Mariaux &amp; Georgiev" authorityYear="2018" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="beveridgei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFB1FFC81FEEDFC7C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiniglans beveridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B29A27FFFCA54CFEA4FC65FE4FFC7D" box="[320,411,903,929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294AFB4EFFFCA54CFF59FC2AFC31FAC3" blockId="10.[189,1399,968,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Up to now, 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFEACFC2AFE10FC3E" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1959" box="[328,452,968,994]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFEACFC2AFE10FC3E" box="[328,452,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiniglans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known from the Old World only and its host range essentially limited to the 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFF59FC09FEFDFBD9" box="[189,297,1003,1029]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
although the 
<typeStatus id="F64E45ECFFFCA54CFE29FC0EFDD4FBDA" box="[461,512,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species was reported in granivore passerines (
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFBCCFC09FB6AFBD9" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1831" box="[1064,1214,1003,1029]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Emberizidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFB1FFC09FABBFBDA" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1836" box="[1275,1391,1003,1030]" class="Aves" family="Ploceidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ploceidae</taxonomicName>
) in captivity (
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFEB0FBECFDC1FBF4" author="Southwell T." box="[340,533,1038,1064]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="355 - 382" refId="ref21349" refString="Southwell T. 1922. Cestodes from Indian birds with a note on Ligula intestinalis. Annals of Tropical Medicine &amp; Parasitology 16: 355 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1922.11684330" type="journal article" year="1922">Southwell 1922</bibRefCitation>
). Its presence in 
<collectingCountry id="51E2BBDEFFFCA54CFD3BFBECFC9FFBF4" box="[735,843,1038,1064]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Australia</collectingCountry>
may be due to a recent importation as 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFAC6FBEDFAA3FBF5" box="[1314,1399,1039,1065]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFAC6FBEDFAA3FBF5" box="[1314,1399,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonized (or re-colonized) this continent after diversifying in the Palaearctic (
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFB65FBD3FAA6FB90" author="Ericson P. G. &amp; Jansen A. - L. &amp; Johansson U. S. &amp; Ekman J." box="[1153,1394,1073,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="222 - 234" refId="ref19244" refString="Ericson P. G., Jansen A. - L., Johansson U. S. &amp; Ekman J. 2005. Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allied groups (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data. Journal of Avian Biology 36: 222 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0908 - 8857.2001.03409. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Ericson 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFB0DFBD0FAFCFB97" box="[1257,1320,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFF59FBB7FE70FBB3" author="Haring E. &amp; Daubl B. &amp; Pinsker W. &amp; Kryukov A. &amp; Gamauf A." box="[189,420,1109,1135]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="230 - 246" refId="ref19709" refString="Haring E., Daubl B., Pinsker W., Kryukov A. &amp; Gamauf A. 2012. Genetic divergences and intraspecific variation in corvids of the genus Corvus (Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae) - a first survey based on museum specimens. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50: 230 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2012.00664. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Haring 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFEFEFBB7FE8DFBB3" box="[282,345,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFE17FBB7FD8BFBB3" box="[499,607,1109,1135]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
includes around 130 species and is cosmopolitan. It is therefore expected that a larger diversity of parasites of this genus is still unknown, especially in Asia. It remains to be seen whether New World corvids are also hosts of these cestodes, as hinted by the brief report of 
<bibRefCitation id="4D6486BFFFFCA54CFF04FB5CFD99FB04" author="Pfaffenberger G. S. &amp; Butler W. F." box="[224,589,1214,1240]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="563 - 566" refId="ref21047" refString="Pfaffenberger G. S. &amp; Butler W. F. 1981. Helminths recovered from the white-necked raven (Corvus cryptoleucus Couch) in Eastern New Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 17: 563 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.7589 / 0090 - 3558 - 17.4.563" type="journal article" year="1981">Pfaffenberger &amp; Butler (1981)</bibRefCitation>
of 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFD9EFB5DFCDBFB04" baseAuthorityName="Molin" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[634,783,1215,1241]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFD9EFB5DFCDBFB04" box="[634,783,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. constricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“ 
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFCD4FB5DFBEBFB04" box="[816,1087,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Anomotania 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFC2EFB5DFBEBFB04" baseAuthorityName="Molin" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[970,1087,1215,1240]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="constricta">constricta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
”) in 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFB66FB5DFE81FB20" authority="Couch, 1854" authorityName="Couch" authorityYear="1854" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptoleucus">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFB66FB5DFAA3FB04" box="[1154,1399,1214,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corvus cryptoleucus</emphasis>
Couch, 
<quantity id="EE0D56ABFFFCA54CFEFEFB03FE81FB20" box="[282,341,1249,1276]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.70916" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1854.0">1854</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in New Mexico. If confirmed, many more 
<taxonomicName id="EEF580CDFFFCA54CFCB8FB03FC0CFB27" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1959" box="[860,984,1249,1275]" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Spiniglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B81275CFFFCA54CFCB8FB03FC0CFB27" box="[860,984,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiniglans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are likely to be discovered in American corvids as the family is highly diversified in the Americas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>