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<document id="8163E56B431DFDECA84FCB854D695945" ID-CLB-Dataset="32293" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22b02e67-634f-4e71-a8fa-3392aff63985" ID-Handle="2246/6723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="851382" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503785870183" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; Lorenzo Prendini" docDate="2017" docId="8F65ED57FFA6B13B38D5C95FB0CE6CE5" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2017.415.1-63.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="735C952FFFCAB1543860CC2CB35C6E75" masterDocTitle="Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1698467378382" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B4E694C1908CDD07415C91527A5811EB">Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47114C6475DB1E9BE90955B563B3077A">Lauren A. Esposito</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B13838D5C95FB16E6BFE" ID-CoL="4SMD9" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[181,562,1395,1419]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B13838D5C95FB2C76BFE" box="[181,411,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B13839C2C95FB16E6BFE" author="Thorell" box="[418,562,1395,1419]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383818C988B3B56BC9" box="[120,233,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[107,147,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[188,1135,224,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[142,1179,224,1487]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 1. Representative species in the New World buthid scorpion family Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, habitus in life. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂, Isla Mona, Puerto Rico. B. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂, Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil. C. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀, Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. D. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂, Jeremoabo, Bahía, Brazil. E. Physoctonus debilis, ♀, Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil. F. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876., ♀, Alter do Chão, Santarem, Pará, Brazil. G. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀, Lapa do Bode, Itaeté, Bahía, Brazil. H. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀, Gruta Rio dos Pombos, Igatu, Andaraí, Bahía, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851384/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383818C988B3846BC9" box="[120,216,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="16.[107,147,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[188,1135,224,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[142,1179,224,1487]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 1. Representative species in the New World buthid scorpion family Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, habitus in life. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂, Isla Mona, Puerto Rico. B. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂, Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil. C. Jaguajir agamemnon (C. L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀, Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. D. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂, Jeremoabo, Bahía, Brazil. E. Physoctonus debilis, ♀, Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil. F. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876., ♀, Alter do Chão, Santarem, Pará, Brazil. G. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀, Lapa do Bode, Itaeté, Bahía, Brazil. H. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀, Gruta Rio dos Pombos, Igatu, Andaraí, Bahía, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851384/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Figures 1</figureCitation>
F
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, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383895C988B2726BC9" box="[245,302,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[111,153,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[155,1166,224,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[111,1214,224,1455]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 2. Representative habitats of species in the New World buthid scorpion family Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971. A. Isla Mona, Puerto Rico, habitat of Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov. B. Sierra de Cubitas, Camagüey, Cuba, habitat of Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), comb. nov. C. Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., and Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. D. Exu, Pernambuco, Brazil, habitat of J. rochae and Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840). E. Santarém, Pará, Brazil, habitat of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876. F. Normandia, Roraima, Brazil, habitat of R. laticauda. G. Lapa do Bode, Itaeté, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov. H. Gruta do Lapão, Lençóis, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851386/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383895C988B25E6BC9" box="[245,258,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG. 2" captionStartId="17.[111,153,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[155,1166,224,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[111,1214,224,1455]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 2. Representative habitats of species in the New World buthid scorpion family Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971. A. Isla Mona, Puerto Rico, habitat of Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov. B. Sierra de Cubitas, Camagüey, Cuba, habitat of Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), comb. nov. C. Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., and Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. D. Exu, Pernambuco, Brazil, habitat of J. rochae and Physoctonus debilis (C. L. Koch, 1840). E. Santarém, Pará, Brazil, habitat of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876. F. Normandia, Roraima, Brazil, habitat of R. laticauda. G. Lapa do Bode, Itaeté, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov. H. Gruta do Lapão, Lençóis, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851386/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">2</figureCitation>
E, F
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, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383959C988B21B6BC9" box="[313,327,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[107,149,1073,1094]" captionTargetBox="[129,1215,225,1032]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[111,1215,224,1042]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 5. Map of northern South America, plotting known locality records of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (squares)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851392/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383933C988B2C26BC9" box="[339,414,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[108,150,1167,1188]" captionTargetBox="[108,1213,224,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[108,1213,224,1136]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 11. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, dextral pecten, ventral aspect (A, C, E, G) and pectinal teeth, dorsal aspect (B, D, F). A. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). C. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (MZSP) D. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., (AMNH). E. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMCC [LP 2845]). F. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (AMCC [LP 3260]). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851404/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">11C, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B13839CAC988B2846BC9" box="[426,472,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[107,149,984,1005]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,224,956]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[107,1211,224,956]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 12. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, pectinal teeth, dorsal aspect, fine structure. A. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., (MZSP). B. Heteroctenus princeps (Karsch, 1879), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). C. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, (MZSP). D. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). E. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). F. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851406/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383984C988B1736BC9" box="[484,559,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[109,151,1628,1649]" captionTargetBox="[208,1116,224,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[109,1212,224,1599]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP). B. Physoctonus striatus, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MZSP). C. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). D. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. E. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Guatire, Venezuela. F. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm (A, B), 2 mm (C–F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851414/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">16D, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383A5CC988B3236BA8" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[108,151,1490,1511]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1461]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[108,1212,224,1462]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 20. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, sternum, pectines and sternite III, ventral aspect. A. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♂ (MZSP). B. Physoctonus striatus, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MZSP). C. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). D. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. E. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. F. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851422/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">20D, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B13838EBC9E9B3F36BA8" box="[139,175,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[107,149,1352,1373]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[108,1212,224,1323]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 21. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, telson, lateral aspect. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). C. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). E. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (AMNH). H. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). I. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. J. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). K. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). L. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851424/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">21I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B13838DCC9E9B3BD6BA8" box="[188,225,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="45.[108,147,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[176,1145,224,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[108,1212,224,1484]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIG. 22. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, telson, ventral aspect. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). C. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). E. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (AMNH). H. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). I. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH). J. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). K. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). L. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851426/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">22I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B138388DC9E9B2656BA8" box="[237,313,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[107,149,1521,1542]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,228,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[107,1211,228,1493]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 24. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, hemispermatophores, dorsal aspect (E), dorsal aspect, detail (B, H, M, P), ectal aspect (F, I, N, S), ectal aspect, detail (D, J, R, T, U), ental aspect (A, G, K, O), and ental aspect, detail (C, L, Q). A–D. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). E–H. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). I–M. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (MZSP). N–R. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (MZSP). S–U. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♂ (MZSP). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851430/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">24I–M</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383924C9E9B2D36BA8" box="[324,399,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="96.[107,149,1652,1673]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[108,1212,224,1623]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIG. 52. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). B, C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876. B. ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. ♂ (AMNH), Guatire, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851486/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">52B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B13839FBC9E9B2BA6BA8" box="[411,486,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="97.[108,147,1652,1673]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[108,1212,224,1623]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIG. 53. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♀ (SMF). B. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851488/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">53B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383992C9E9B1616BA8" box="[498,573,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="99.[107,149,1423,1444]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,224,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[107,1211,224,1395]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIG. 55. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). B. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851492/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">55B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383A29C9E9B20B6B8B" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="100.[109,151,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[109,1213,224,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[109,1213,224,1341]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIG. 56. Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. R. caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). B. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. C. R. laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♀ (AMNH), Puerto Colombia, Venezuela. D. R. ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851494/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">56B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B1383902C9CAB2226B8B" box="[354,382,1510,1534]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="105.[108,150,1474,1495]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[108,1212,224,1446]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIG. 58. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, Laguna Canaima, Venezuela, habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH). C, D. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851498/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9FF740C4FFA6B13839EAC9CAB2F86B8B" box="[394,420,1510,1534]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="106.[108,150,1479,1500]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[108,1212,224,1451]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIG. 59. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, Puerto Colombia, Venezuela, habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH). C, D. ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/851500/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">59</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA6B139380BCA30B2B46D9A" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA6B138380BCA30B04E6B9A" blockId="108.[107,632,1564,1725]" lastBlockId="108.[684,1213,227,1724]" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B138380BCA30B15B6841" ID-CoL="4SMD9" authority="Thorell, 1876 a: 9" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1876" box="[107,519,1564,1588]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B138380BCA30B2106841" box="[107,332,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383934CA30B2BF6841" author="Thorell" box="[340,483,1564,1588]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
a: 9
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383A73CA30B1156841" author="Thorell" box="[531,585,1564,1588]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">1876</bibRefCitation>
b: 143–145; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383963CA12B2CC6823" author="Karsch" box="[259,400,1598,1622]" firstAuthor="Karsch" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="6 - 22" part="3" refId="ref66627" refString="Karsch, F. 1879 a. Scorpionologische Beitrage. Part I. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 3 (2): 6 - 22." title="Scorpionologische Beitrage. Part I" type="journal article" year="1879">Karsch, 1879</bibRefCitation>
a: 18; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B13839ADCA12B38D680D" author="Mello-Campos" firstAuthor="Mello-Campos" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="237 - 369" part="17" refId="ref69164" refString="Mello-Campos, O. de. 1924 a. Os escorpioes brasileiros. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 17 (2): 237 - 369." title="Os escorpioes brasileiros" type="journal article" year="1924">Mello-Campos, 1924</bibRefCitation>
a: 252, 253, 276, 283–285, pl. 7, fig. 31; 1924b: 318, 342, 349–351, pl. 7, fig. 31; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383A23CAAFB26F68C9" author="Werner" firstAuthor="Werner" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="355 - 358" part="40" refId="ref72880" refString="Werner, F. 1927. Uber einige Skorpione aus Brasilien. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 40 (3): 355 - 358." title="Uber einige Skorpione aus Brasilien" type="journal article" year="1927">Werner, 1927: 357</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B138395ECA89B28B68C8" author="Lutz" box="[318,471,1701,1725]" editor="A. Lutz" firstAuthor="Lutz" journalOrPublisher="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref68891" refString="Lutz, A. 1928. Escorpiones observados en Venezuela. In A. Lutz (editor), Estudios de Zoologia y Parasitologia Venezolanas: 71 - 74. Rio de Janeiro." title="Escorpiones observados en Venezuela" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Estudios de Zoologia y Parasitologia Venezolanas" year="1928">Lutz, 1928: 72</bibRefCitation>
, 73, figs. 1–3; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCCC8B0916E8E" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[732,973,227,252]" firstAuthor="Mello-Leitao" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="9 - 46" part="34" refId="ref69227" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. de. 1932. Notas sobre escorpioes sulamericanos. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 34: 9 - 46." title="Notas sobre escorpioes sulamericanos" type="journal article" year="1932">Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BB9CCC8B7DF6E89" author="Prado" box="[985,1155,228,252]" firstAuthor="Prado" journalOrPublisher="Sinopse das especies de Rhopalurus. Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="25 - 36" part="13" refId="ref70234" refString="Prado, A. 1940. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos escorpioes sul-americanos. Sinopse das especies de Rhopalurus. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 13: 25 - 36." title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos escorpioes sul-americanos" type="journal article" year="1940">Prado, 1940: 27</bibRefCitation>
, 35; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCD2AB7646F6B" author="Prado and Rios-Patino" box="[732,1080,262,286]" firstAuthor="Prado" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="41 - 45" part="13" refId="ref70263" refString="Prado, A., and J. L. Rios-Patino. 1940. Contribucion al estudio de los escorpiones de Colombia. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 13: 41 - 45." title="Contribucion al estudio de los escorpiones de Colombia" type="journal article" year="1940">Prado and Rios-Patiño, 1940: 41</bibRefCitation>
, fig.; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C13CD2AB0F46F35" author="Hummelinck" editor="M. Nijhoff" firstAuthor="Hummelinck" journalOrPublisher="9" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="138 - 146" part="2" refId="ref66467" refString="Hummelinck, P. W. 1940. Scorpions. In M. Nijhoff (editor), Studies on the fauna of Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire, and the Venezuelan Islands, The Hague 2 (9): 138 - 146." title="Scorpions" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Studies on the fauna of Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire, and the Venezuelan Islands" year="1940">Hummelinck, 1940: 139</bibRefCitation>
, table 20; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C75CD04B0646F17" author="Mello-Leitao" firstAuthor="Mello-Leitao" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="51 - 56" part="1" refId="ref69323" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. de. 1940. Um pedipalpo e dois escorpioes da Colombia. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 1: 51 - 56." title="Um pedipalpo e dois escorpioes da Colombia" type="journal article" year="1940">Mello-Leitão, 1940: 51</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B23CD67B7566F17" author="Roewer" box="[835,1034,330,354]" firstAuthor="Roewer" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="205 - 244" part="26" refId="ref70620" refString="Roewer, C. F. 1943. Uber eine neuerworbene Sammlung von Skorpionen des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Senckenbergiana 26 (4): 205 - 244." title="Uber eine neuerworbene Sammlung von Skorpionen des Natur-Museums Senckenberg" type="journal article" year="1943">Roewer, 1943: 219</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C75CD66B01A6FF1" author="Mello-Leitao" firstAuthor="Mello-Leitao" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 468" part="40" refId="ref69384" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. de. 1945. Escorpioes sul americanos. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 40: 1 - 468." title="Escorpioes sul americanos" type="journal article" year="1945">Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266</bibRefCitation>
, 280–284, figs. 115–117; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C32CD41B03B6FD2" author="Caporiacco" firstAuthor="Caporiacco" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica, Seccion Biologica" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 46" part="1" refId="ref64932" refString="Caporiacco, L. di. 1951. Studi sugli arachnidi del Venezuela raccolti della Sezione die Biologia (Universta Centrale del Venezuela). 1: Scorpiones, Opiliones, Solifuga y Chernetes. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, Seccion Biologica 1 (1): 1 - 46." title="Studi sugli arachnidi del Venezuela raccolti della Sezione die Biologia (Universta Centrale del Venezuela). 1: Scorpiones, Opiliones, Solifuga y Chernetes" type="journal article" year="1951">Caporiacco, 1951: 4</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B13CDA3B0A16FD2" author="Scorza" box="[883,1021,399,423]" firstAuthor="Scorza" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales &quot; La Salle &quot; 14" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="179 - 214" part="38" refId="ref70952" refString="Scorza, J. V. 1954 a. Sistematica, distribucion geographica y observaciones ecologicas de algunos alacranes encontrados en Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales &quot; La Salle &quot; 14 (38): 179 - 214." title="Sistematica, distribucion geographica y observaciones ecologicas de algunos alacranes encontrados en Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1954">Scorza, 1954</bibRefCitation>
a: 190, 201, figs. 15, 16; 1954b: 160; 1954c: 166; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C4BCD9DB0F86C45" author="Bucherl, Bucherl" editor="W. Bucherl &amp; E. R. Buckley" firstAuthor="Bucherl" journalOrPublisher="New York: Academic Press" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="317 - 348" part="3" refId="ref64808" refString="Bucherl, W. 1971. Classification, biology and venom extraction of scorpions. In W. Bucherl and E. R. Buckley (editors), Venomous animals and their venoms 3: 317 - 348. New York: Academic Press." title="Classification, biology and venom extraction of scorpions" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Venomous animals and their venoms" year="1971">Bücherl, Bücherl, 1971: 327</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BD0CE34B0586C27" author="Lucas and Bucherl" firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Neotropical Fauna" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="259 - 264" part="7" refId="ref68796" refString="Lucas, S., and W. Bucherl. 1972. Synonymie von Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927 und R. i. dorsomaculatus (Prado) 1938 mit Rhopalurus borelli Pocock 1902. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna 7 (2): 259 - 264." title="Synonymie von Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927 und R. i. dorsomaculatus (Prado) 1938 mit Rhopalurus borelli Pocock 1902" type="journal article" year="1972">Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B70CE16B0F46C27" author="Francke" box="[784,936,570,594]" firstAuthor="Francke" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="125 - 135" part="4" refId="ref65579" refString="Francke, O. F. 1977 a. Two emendations to Stahnke's (1974) Vaejovidae revision (Scorpionida, Vaejovidae). Journal of Arachnology 4 (2): 125 - 135." title="Two emendations to Stahnke's (1974) Vaejovidae revision (Scorpionida, Vaejovidae)" type="journal article" year="1977">Francke, 1977</bibRefCitation>
a: 133, fig. 12; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C21CE16B0E16C01" author="Stahnke and Calos" firstAuthor="Stahnke" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="111 - 120" part="88" refId="ref71343" refString="Stahnke, H. L., and M. Calos. 1977. A key to the species of the genus Centruroides Marx (Buthidae, Scorpionida). Entomological News 88 (5 - 6): 111 - 120." title="A key to the species of the genus Centruroides Marx (Buthidae, Scorpionida)" type="journal article" year="1977">Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BA9CE70B7CD6C01" author="Vachon" box="[969,1169,604,628]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="283 - 302" part="9" refId="ref72541" refString="Vachon, M. 1977. Contribution a l'etude des scorpions Buthidae du nouveau monde. 1. Complement a la connaisance de Microtityus ricky Kj. - W. 1956 de l'ile de la Trinite. 2. Description d'un nouvelle espece et d'un nouveau genre mexicains: Darchenia bernadettae. 3. Cle de determination des genres de Buthidae du nouveau monde. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 9 (3): 283 - 302." title="Contribution a l'etude des scorpions Buthidae du nouveau monde. 1. Complement a la connaisance de Microtityus ricky Kj. - W. 1956 de l'ile de la Trinite. 2. Description d'un nouvelle espece et d'un nouveau genre mexicains: Darchenia bernadettae. 3. Cle de determination des genres de Buthidae du nouveau monde" type="journal article" year="1977">Vachon, 1977: 300</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 24, 28; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B3CCE52B7D16CE2" author="Gonzalez-Sponga" bookContentInfo="216 pp." box="[860,1165,638,663]" firstAuthor="Gonzalez-Sponga" journalOrPublisher="Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas Caracas. Caracas: Roto-Impresos C. A" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" refId="ref66204" refString="Gonzalez-Sponga, M. A. 1978. Escorpiofauna de la region oriental del estado Bolivar, en Venezuela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas Caracas. Caracas: Roto-Impresos C. A. 216 pp." title="Escorpiofauna de la region oriental del estado Bolivar, en Venezuela" type="book" year="1978">González-Sponga, 1978: 201</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 9, 277, 278; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BEFCE8DB7376CCC" author="Lourenco" box="[911,1131,673,697]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="213 - 219" part="2" refId="ref67553" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1979. A propos de la veritable identite des genres Rhopalurus Thorell, 1879 et Centruroides Marx, 1889 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Revue Arachnologique 2 (5): 213 - 219." title="A propos de la veritable identite des genres Rhopalurus Thorell, 1879 et Centruroides Marx, 1889 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1979">Lourenço, 1979: 215</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 1, 3, 4; 1981: 545, fig. 2, tables 5–8; 1982a: 115, 136, figs. 12–13, 25–46, 78, 
<tableCitation id="4A4E69FAFFA6B1383C65CEC9B7116C88" box="[1029,1101,741,765]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[115,1198,353,998]" captionText="TABLE 1 Revised classification of the New World buthid Subfamily Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971 (excluding Centruroides Marx, 1890), with countries of distribution." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30">table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCF2BB0E76D55" author="Cekalovic" box="[732,955,775,800]" firstAuthor="Cekalovic" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Biologica de Concepcion" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="43 - 70" part="54" refId="ref64982" refString="Cekalovic, T. K. 1983. Catalogo de los escorpiones de Chile (Chelicerata, Scorpiones). Boletin de la Sociedad Biologica de Concepcion 54: 43 - 70." title="Catalogo de los escorpiones de Chile (Chelicerata, Scorpiones)" type="journal article" year="1983">Cekalovic, 1983: 190</bibRefCitation>
; González-Sponga, 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCFBCB0C86DDC" author="Florez" box="[732,916,912,937]" firstAuthor="Florez" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo de especies. Cespedesia 16 - 17 (57 - 58)" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="117 - 127" refId="ref65488" refString="Florez, E. 1991. Escorpiones de Colombia. Catalogo de especies. Cespedesia 16 - 17 (57 - 58): 117 - 127." title="Escorpiones de Colombia" type="book chapter" year="1991">Flórez, 1991: 119</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BC0CFBDB7156DDD" author="Lourenco" box="[928,1097,912,936]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana Biologica" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="275 - 288" part="71" refId="ref67946" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1991 a. Les scorpions de Colombie. II. Les faunes des regions de Santa Marta et de la Cordillere orientale. Approche biogeographique (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Senckenbergiana Biologica 71 (4 / 6): 275 - 288." title="Les scorpions de Colombie. II. Les faunes des regions de Santa Marta et de la Cordillere orientale. Approche biogeographique (Arachnida: Scorpiones)" type="journal article" year="1991">Lourenço, 1991</bibRefCitation>
b: 117; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCF9FB0646DBF" author="Lourenco" box="[732,824,946,971]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Studies of Neotropical Fauna and Environment" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="43 - 62" part="27" refId="ref68045" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1992. Les peuplements des scorpions des Antilles; facteurs historiques et ecologiques en association avec les strategies demographiques. Studies of Neotropical Fauna and Environment 27 (1): 43 - 62." title="Les peuplements des scorpions des Antilles; facteurs historiques et ecologiques en association avec les strategies demographiques" type="journal article" year="1992">1992: 55</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B23CF9FB0F06DBF" author="Lourenco" box="[835,940,946,971]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Biogeographica" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="155 - 160" part="70" refId="ref68086" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1994. Diversity and endemism in tropical versus temperate scorpion communities. Biogeographica 70 (3): 155 - 160." title="Diversity and endemism in tropical versus temperate scorpion communities" type="journal article" year="1994">1994: 157</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BD8CF9FB0586D98" author="Gonzalez-Sponga" bookContentInfo="204 pp." firstAuthor="Gonzalez-Sponga" journalOrPublisher="Caracas: Cuadernos Lagoven" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" refId="ref66263" refString="Gonzalez-Sponga, M. A. 1996. Guia para Identificar Escorpiones de Venezuela. Caracas: Cuadernos Lagoven. 204 pp." title="Guia para Identificar Escorpiones de Venezuela" type="book" year="1996">González-Sponga, 1996: 118</bibRefCitation>
, 137, figs. 314–319; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BBDCFF9B7DA6D98" author="Lourenco" box="[989,1158,981,1005]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="587 - 604" part="104" refId="ref68114" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1997 a. Additions a la faune de scorpions neotropicaux (Arachnida). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 104 (3): 587 - 604." title="Additions a la faune de scorpions neotropicaux (Arachnida)" type="journal article" year="1997">Lourenço, 1997</bibRefCitation>
b: 67, figs. 9, 10, 12, 14, 15; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B8BCFDBB7E96A7A" author="Kovarik" bookContentInfo="175 pp." box="[1003,1205,1015,1039]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Madagaskar: Jihlava" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" refId="ref66846" refString="Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpions]. Madagaskar: Jihlava. 175 pp. [in Czech]" title="Stiri [Scorpions]" type="book" year="1998">Kovařík, 1998: 118</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCC836B0BF6A44" author="Fet and Lowe" box="[732,995,1049,1073]" editor="V. Fet &amp; W. D. Sissom" firstAuthor="Fet" journalOrPublisher="New York: New York Entomological Society" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="54 - 286" refId="ref65304" refString="Fet, V., and G. Lowe. 2000. Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G., Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 54 - 286. New York: New York Entomological Society." title="Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="G., Lowe, and M. E" year="2000">Fet and Lowe, 2000: 220</bibRefCitation>
, 221; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C42C835B1AA6A21" author="Florez" firstAuthor="Florez" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="25 - 30" part="2" refId="ref65516" refString="Florez, E. 2001. Escorpiones de la familia Buthidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 2 (1): 25 - 30." title="Escorpiones de la familia Buthidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) de Colombia" type="journal article" year="2001">Flórez, 2001: 28</bibRefCitation>
(records from Arauca, Casanare, and Meta); 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B49C872B0656AED" author="Botero-Trujillo and Fagua" firstAuthor="Botero-Trujillo" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="129 - 134" part="14" refId="ref64477" refString="Botero-Trujillo, R., and G. Fagua. 2007. Additions to the knowledge of the geographical distribution of some Colombian scorpions (Buthidae: Ananteris, Rhopalurus, Tityus). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia 14: 129 - 134." title="Additions to the knowledge of the geographical distribution of some Colombian scorpions (Buthidae: Ananteris, Rhopalurus, Tityus)" type="journal article" year="2007">Botero-Trujillo and Fagua, 2007: 129–131</bibRefCitation>
, 133, figs. 4–6 (specimens from Vichada and records from Arauca, Casanare, and Meta); Kamenz and Prendini, 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B1383ACCC9BEB7F26BDF" authority="Karsch, 1879 b: 118" authorityName="Karsch" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1879" box="[684,1198,1426,1450]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="laticauda" subSpecies="sachsii">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B1383ACCC9BEB0856BDF" box="[684,985,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Rhopalurus laticauda sachsii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B81C9BEB7326BDF" author="Karsch" box="[993,1134,1426,1450]" firstAuthor="Karsch" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="6 - 22" part="3" refId="ref66627" refString="Karsch, F. 1879 a. Scorpionologische Beitrage. Part I. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 3 (2): 6 - 22." title="Scorpionologische Beitrage. Part I" type="journal article" year="1879">Karsch, 1879</bibRefCitation>
b: 118
</taxonomicName>
, 119, 122 (synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B9CC998B05A6B9A" author="Kraepelin" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 144" part="8" refId="ref66868" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1891. Revision der Skorpione. I. Die Familie Androctonidae. Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 8: 1 - 144." title="Revision der Skorpione. I. Die Familie Androctonidae" type="journal article" year="1891">Kraepelin, 1891: 137</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA6B1383ACCC9D5B72E6820" blockId="108.[684,1213,227,1724]" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B1383ACCC9D5B7376864" authority=": Kraepelin, 1891: 123" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1891" box="[684,1131,1529,1553]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Centrurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B1383ACCC9D5B0236864" box="[684,895,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Centrurus laticauda</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BECC9D5B7376864" author="Kraepelin" box="[908,1131,1529,1553]" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 144" part="8" refId="ref66868" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1891. Revision der Skorpione. I. Die Familie Androctonidae. Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 8: 1 - 144." title="Revision der Skorpione. I. Die Familie Androctonidae" type="journal article" year="1891">Kraepelin, 1891: 123</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 137– 139; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B70CA37B0376846" author="Kraepelin" bookContentInfo="265 pp." box="[784,875,1563,1587]" editor="F. Dahl" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" journalOrPublisher="Friedlander and Sohn Verlag" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" refId="ref66921" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In F. Dahl (editor), Das Tierreich. Berlin: R. Friedlander and Sohn Verlag. 265 pp." title="Scorpiones und Pedipalpi" type="book" volumeTitle="Das Tierreich. Berlin: R" year="1899">1899: 89</bibRefCitation>
, 95; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BFECA37B75B6846" author="Kraepelin" box="[926,1031,1563,1587]" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="181 - 203" part="25" refId="ref66989" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1908. Die sekundaren Geschlechtscharaktere der Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen. I. Skorpione. Jahrbuch des Hamburgische Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 25 (2): 181 - 203." title="Die sekundaren Geschlechtscharaktere der Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen. I. Skorpione" type="journal article" year="1908">1908: 187</bibRefCitation>
, 190, 194; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383C1ACA37B0216820" author="Penther" firstAuthor="Penther" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="239 - 252" part="27" refId="ref69790" refString="Penther, A. 1913. Beitrage zur Kenntnis amerikanischer Skorpione. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien 27 (3): 239 - 252." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis amerikanischer Skorpione" type="journal article" year="1913">Penther, 1913: 240</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BE8CA12B7326820" author="Waterman" box="[904,1134,1597,1621]" firstAuthor="Waterman" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Medical Journal" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="167 - 177" part="12" refId="ref72848" refString="Waterman, J. A. 1950. Scorpions in the West Indies with special reference to Tityus trinitatis. Caribbean Medical Journal 12 (5): 167 - 177." title="Scorpions in the West Indies with special reference to Tityus trinitatis" type="journal article" year="1950">Waterman, 1950: 168</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA6B1383ACCCA73B7F7680D" blockId="108.[684,1213,227,1724]" box="[684,1195,1631,1656]" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B1383ACCCA73B7FB680D" ID-CoL="4SMD9" authority=": Meise, 1934: 32" authorityName="Meise" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1934" box="[684,1191,1631,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="testaceus" subSpecies="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B1383ACCCA73B0AC6802" box="[684,1008,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Rhopalurus testaceus laticauda</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383B9ECA73B7FB680D" author="Meise" box="[1022,1191,1631,1656]" firstAuthor="Meise" journalOrPublisher="Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="25 - 43" part="72" refId="ref69146" refString="Meise, W. 1934. Scorpiones. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 72: 25 - 43." title="Scorpiones" type="journal article" year="1934">Meise, 1934: 32</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA6B1393ACCCAAEB3A66FD2" blockId="108.[684,1213,227,1724]" lastBlockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA6B1383ACCCAAEB7D368EF" authority="Caporiacco, 1947: 20" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1947" box="[684,1167,1666,1690]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA6B1383ACCCAAEB0F868EF" box="[684,932,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="108">Rhopalurus crassicauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383BCCCAAEB7D368EF" author="Caporiacco" box="[940,1167,1666,1690]" firstAuthor="Caporiacco" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="20 - 34" part="56" refId="ref64854" refString="Caporiacco, L. di. 1947. Diagnosi preliminari di specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccati e Romiti. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 56 (1 - 6): 20 - 34." title="Diagnosi preliminari di specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccati e Romiti" type="journal article" year="1947">Caporiacco, 1947: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1383ABCCA88B01A68C9" author="Caporiacco" box="[732,838,1700,1724]" firstAuthor="Caporiacco" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" pagination="607 - 747" part="118" refId="ref64893" refString="Caporiacco, L. di. 1948. Arachnida of British Guiana collected in 1931 and 1936 by professors Beccari and Romiti. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 118 (3): 607 - 747." title="Arachnida of British Guiana collected in 1931 and 1936 by professors Beccari and Romiti" type="journal article" year="1948">1948: 609</bibRefCitation>
, 610, figs. 1–3; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA6B1393B8BCA88B3EB6E89" author="Lourenco" bookContentInfo="306 pp." firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Paris: Les Editions de l'If" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="108" pageNumber="108" refId="ref68189" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2002. Scorpions of Brazil. Paris: Les Editions de l'If. 306 pp." title="Scorpions of Brazil" type="book" year="2002">Lourenço, 2002: 36</bibRefCitation>
, 98–100, 110, 111, figs. 214–224; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393A7ECCC8B3AA6F6B" author="Teruel" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="43 - 56" part="38" refId="ref71569" refString="Teruel, R. 2006. Apuntes sobre la taxonomia y biogeografia del genero Rhopalurus Thorell 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies de Cuba. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 38: 43 - 56." title="Apuntes sobre la taxonomia y biogeografia del genero Rhopalurus Thorell 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), con la descripcion de dos nuevas especies de Cuba" type="journal article" year="2006">Teruel, 2006: 51</bibRefCitation>
, 52; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393949CD2AB1696F6B" author="Teruel and Tietz" box="[297,565,262,286]" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 14" part="70" refId="ref72061" refString="Teruel, R., and A. K. Tietz. 2008. The true identity of Rhopalurus pintoi Mello-Leitao, 1932, with notes on the status and distribution of Rhopalurus crassicauda Caporiacco, 1947 (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 70: 1 - 14." title="The true identity of Rhopalurus pintoi Mello-Leitao, 1932, with notes on the status and distribution of Rhopalurus crassicauda Caporiacco, 1947 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 8</bibRefCitation>
, 9–11, figs. 5–9; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393961CD05B2826F35" author="Lourenco" box="[257,478,296,320]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Lourenço, 2008: 4–8</bibRefCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="4A4E69FAFFA7B1393989CD04B16D6F35" box="[489,561,296,320]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[115,1198,353,998]" captionText="TABLE 1 Revised classification of the New World buthid Subfamily Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971 (excluding Centruroides Marx, 1890), with countries of distribution." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30">table 1</tableCitation>
, fig. 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13938FBCD67B2F56F16" author="Prendini" box="[155,425,331,355]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prendini" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="206 - 224" part="37" refId="ref70522" refString="Prendini, L., L. A. Esposito, J. Huff, and E. S. Volschenk. 2009. Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola. Journal of Arachnology 37: 206 - 224." title="Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2009">Prendini et al., 2009: 222</bibRefCitation>
, 223; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393988CD67B2636FF0" author="Brazil and Porto" bookContentInfo="84 pp." firstAuthor="Brazil" journalOrPublisher="Salvador, BA, Brazil: EDUFBA" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" refId="ref64569" refString="Brazil, T. K., and Porto, T. J. 2010. Os escorpioes. Salvador, BA, Brazil: EDUFBA. 84 pp." title="Os escorpioes" type="book" year="2010">Brazil and Porto, 2010: 50</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B139392ACD41B1136FF0" author="Ubinski" box="[330,591,365,389]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ubinski" journalOrPublisher="Cytogenetic and Genome Research" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="83 - 155" part="148" refId="ref72292" refString="Ubinski, C. V., L. S. Carvalho, and M. C. Schneider. 2016. Chromosome evolution in Brazilian scorpions of the genus Rhopalurus and related genera (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Abstracts of the 21 st International Chromosome Conference, July 10 - 13, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148: 83 - 155. [doi: 10.1159 / 000446523]" title="Chromosome evolution in Brazilian scorpions of the genus Rhopalurus and related genera (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Abstracts of the 21 st International Chromosome Conference, July 10 - 13, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil" type="journal article" year="2016">Ubinski et al., 2016: 122</bibRefCitation>
; syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B139380BCD9EB23D6CCC" blockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BCD9EB1086FBF" authority="Lourenco, 1986 a: 132" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1986" box="[107,596,433,458]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCD9EB23B6FBC" box="[107,359,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus amazonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B139390FCD9EB14B6FBC" author="Lourenco" box="[367,535,433,457]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="129 - 137" part="33" refId="ref67782" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1986 a. Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 33: 129 - 137." title="Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Lourenço, 1986</bibRefCitation>
a: 132
</taxonomicName>
– 134, figs. 3–9, 13, 14; 1986b: 170, fig. 7; 1988: 169, figs. 13, 15; 1991b: 117; 1992: 55; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13938FBCE35B10B6C44" author="Lourenco and Pinto-da-Rocha" box="[155,599,536,561]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Biogeographica (Paris) 73" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="181 - 191" part="4" refId="ref68476" refString="Lourenco, W. R., and R. Pinto-da-Rocha. 1997. A reappraisal of the geographic distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell (Scorpiones, Buthidae) and description of two new species. Biogeographica (Paris) 73 (4): 181 - 191." title="A reappraisal of the geographic distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell (Scorpiones, Buthidae) and description of two new species" type="journal article" year="1997">Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997: 184</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13938FBCE17B2396C26" author="Kovarik" bookContentInfo="175 pp." box="[155,357,571,595]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Madagaskar: Jihlava" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" refId="ref66846" refString="Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpions]. Madagaskar: Jihlava. 175 pp. [in Czech]" title="Stiri [Scorpions]" type="book" year="1998">Kovařík, 1998: 118</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393911CE17B1256C26" author="Fet and Lowe" box="[369,633,571,595]" editor="V. Fet &amp; W. D. Sissom" firstAuthor="Fet" journalOrPublisher="New York: New York Entomological Society" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="54 - 286" refId="ref65304" refString="Fet, V., and G. Lowe. 2000. Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G., Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 54 - 286. New York: New York Entomological Society." title="Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="G., Lowe, and M. E" year="2000">Fet and Lowe, 2000: 218</bibRefCitation>
, 219; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13938AECE72B2D36C00" author="Lourenco" box="[206,399,605,629]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Lourenço, 2008: 1</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13939FCCE71B3986CED" author="Prendini" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prendini" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="206 - 224" part="37" refId="ref70522" refString="Prendini, L., L. A. Esposito, J. Huff, and E. S. Volschenk. 2009. Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola. Journal of Arachnology 37: 206 - 224." title="Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2009">Prendini et al., 2009: 222</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13938AECE53B2BB6CE2" author="Brazil and Porto" bookContentInfo="84 pp." box="[206,487,639,664]" firstAuthor="Brazil" journalOrPublisher="Salvador, BA, Brazil: EDUFBA" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" refId="ref64569" refString="Brazil, T. K., and Porto, T. J. 2010. Os escorpioes. Salvador, BA, Brazil: EDUFBA. 84 pp." title="Os escorpioes" type="book" year="2010">Brazil and Porto, 2010: 50</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393992CEACB3AB6CCF" author="Lourenco" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Paranaense" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="69 - 76" part="43" refId="ref68287" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2014. The genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in northeast Brazil; a possible case of a vicariant species. Acta Biologica Paranaense 43: 69 - 76." title="The genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in northeast Brazil; a possible case of a vicariant species" type="journal article" year="2014">Lourenço, 2014: 69</bibRefCitation>
; syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B139380BCEE8B1326D55" blockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BCEE8B3B56C8A" authority="Lourenco, 2008: 4" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="paruensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCEE8B2936CA9" box="[107,463,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus crassicauda paruensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13939B5CEE9B3B56C8A" author="Lourenco" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Lourenço, 2008: 4</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 7–8, figs. 4–9, 
<tableCitation id="4A4E69FAFFA7B13939F1CECAB2846C8A" box="[401,472,742,767]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[115,1198,353,998]" captionText="TABLE 1 Revised classification of the New World buthid Subfamily Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971 (excluding Centruroides Marx, 1890), with countries of distribution." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30">table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393985CECAB2766D54" author="Prendini" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prendini" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="206 - 224" part="37" refId="ref70522" refString="Prendini, L., L. A. Esposito, J. Huff, and E. S. Volschenk. 2009. Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola. Journal of Arachnology 37: 206 - 224." title="Redescription of Rhopalurus abudi (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with first description of the male and first record from mainland Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2009">Prendini et al., 2009: 222</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393955CF25B1586D54" author="Lourenco" box="[309,516,777,801]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Paranaense" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="69 - 76" part="43" refId="ref68287" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2014. The genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in northeast Brazil; a possible case of a vicariant species. Acta Biologica Paranaense 43: 69 - 76." title="The genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in northeast Brazil; a possible case of a vicariant species" type="journal article" year="2014">Lourenço, 2014: 69</bibRefCitation>
; syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B139380BCF07B2546D13" blockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BCF07B2586D13" ID-CoL="4SMD9" authority="laticauda: Fet and Lowe, 2000: 221" authorityName="laticauda: Fet and Lowe" authorityPageNumber="221" authorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="laticauda" subSpecies="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCF07B2E96D36" box="[107,437,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus laticauda laticauda</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B13939A2CF00B2586D13" author="Fet and Lowe" editor="V. Fet &amp; W. D. Sissom" firstAuthor="Fet" journalOrPublisher="New York: New York Entomological Society" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="54 - 286" refId="ref65304" refString="Fet, V., and G. Lowe. 2000. Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G., Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 54 - 286. New York: New York Entomological Society." title="Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="G., Lowe, and M. E" year="2000">Fet and Lowe, 2000: 221</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B139380BCF5CB3B26DDF" blockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BCF5CB3B66DDF" authority="crassicauda: Lourenco, 2008: 6" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCF5CB2BF6DFD" box="[107,483,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus crassicauda crassicauda</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393990CF5CB3B66DDF" author="Lourenco" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Lourenço, 2008: 6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B139380BCF98B2B46D9A" blockId="109.[107,636,228,1007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BCF98B2596D9A" ID-CoL="4SMD9" authority=": Teruel and Cozijn, 2013: 2" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCF98B3B86DB9" box="[107,228,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139396BCF98B2306DB9" box="[267,364,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">laticauda</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B139391ACF98B2596D9A" author="Teruel and Cozijn" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 6" part="179" refId="ref71749" refString="Teruel, R., and M. A. C. Cozijn. 2013. On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands. Euscorpius 179: 1 - 6." title="On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands" type="journal article" year="2013">Teruel and Cozijn, 2013: 2–6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 1–4, 
<tableCitation id="4A4E69FAFFA7B1393917CFFBB2946D9A" box="[375,456,983,1007]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[115,1198,353,998]" captionText="TABLE 1 Revised classification of the New World buthid Subfamily Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971 (excluding Centruroides Marx, 1890), with countries of distribution." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="53B30CC9FFCCB1523A01CCCEB0B66F30">tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="4A4E69FAFFA7B13939B5CFFBB2B86D9A" box="[469,484,983,1007]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[610,690,228,252]" captionTargetBox="[235,1058,354,747]" captionText="TABLE 2 Diploid chromosome numbers (2 n) for Brazilian species of Rhopalurusinae from Ubinski et al., (2016) with corresponding genera indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53B30CC9FFCDB1533A02CCC8B0866F32" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="53B30CC9FFCDB1533A02CCC8B0866F32">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA7B13938EBC827B1786BA6" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B13938EBC827B1786BA6" blockId="109.[107,637,1035,1723]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
TYPE MATERIAL: 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393901C827B12A6A57" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" box="[353,630,1035,1059]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393901C827B12A6A57" box="[353,630,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus amazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Holotype ♀ (INPA), 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393903C800B2906A31" bold="true" box="[355,460,1068,1092]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">BRAZIL:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B13939B7C800B1556A36" box="[471,521,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Pará</emphasis>
: Alter do Chão-Santarém, v.1984, W. Manson. 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393A61C861B3BA6AF3" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393A61C861B3BA6AF3" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus crassicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 2 ♂, 1 ♀ syntypes (MZUF), 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393A5BC842B3F06AD2" bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">GUY- ANA:</emphasis>
Runununi [Rupununi], British Guiana. 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139380BC89DB2BE6ABC" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2008" box="[107,482,1201,1225]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="paruensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BC89DB2BE6ABC" box="[107,482,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus crassicauda paruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Holotype ♂ (MNHN RS-8630), 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139392AC8FEB2EE6A9F" bold="true" box="[330,434,1234,1258]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">BRAZIL:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B13939DBC8FFB2B16A9F" box="[443,493,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Pará</emphasis>
: Campos de Paru, South of Serra do Tumucumaque, border with Suriname, x.1966, F. Petter. 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B13939AEC938B3F76B3B" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B13939AEC938B3F76B3B" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Lectotype ♀, paralectotype ♀ (NMG 170) [here designated], 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393953C97BB29F6B1A" bold="true" box="[307,451,1367,1391]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">COLOMBIA</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B13939AFC97BB3A16BE5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="laticauda" subSpecies="sachsii">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B13939AFC97BB3A16BE5" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus laticauda sachsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139396CC954B2EE6BE5" bold="true" box="[268,434,1400,1424]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">VENEZUELA:</emphasis>
2 syntypes [sex?] (ZMB 3020); 1 syntype [sex?] (ZMB 3042), Calaboço; syntype ♂ (ZMB 3043), Caracas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA7B13938EBC9F0B7316DED" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B13938EBC9F0B7316DED" blockId="109.[107,637,1035,1723]" lastBlockId="109.[684,1214,228,1724]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
DIAGNOSIS: 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393940C9F0B1416B81" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[288,541,1500,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393940C9F0B1416B81" box="[288,541,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be consistently differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B139398AC9D2B1206860" authorityName="Teruel and Roncallo" authorityYear="2008" box="[490,636,1533,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139398AC9D2B1206860" box="[490,636,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. caribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B13938FCCA33B2596843" authority="Lauren A. Esposito &amp; Humberto Y. Yamaguti &amp; Cláudio A. Souza &amp; Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; CLOSE Lorenzo Prendini Scorpion Systematics Research Group, 2017" authorityName="Lauren A. Esposito &amp; Humberto Y. Yamaguti &amp; Cláudio A. Souza &amp; Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; Lorenzo Prendini" authorityYear="2017" box="[156,261,1566,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochoai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B13938FCCA33B2596843" box="[156,261,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E8B3D28FFA7B1393972CA33B2376843" box="[274,363,1567,1590]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by the color pattern on the ventral surface of the metasoma. 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393A79CA6CB3A4680C" authorityName="laticauda: Fet and Lowe" authorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="laticauda" subSpecies="laticauda">
Whereas 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B139380BCA4EB3A4680C" box="[107,248,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a single, broad band of pigmentation along the ventral surface, which is more pronounced in populations from the southeast of the distribution, 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393B9ECCC9B7D76E89" authorityName="Teruel and Roncallo" authorityYear="2008" box="[1022,1163,228,252]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393B9ECCC9B7D76E89" box="[1022,1163,228,252]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. caribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays three distinct, narrow stripes (a ventromedian stripe flanked on either side by a ventrosubmedian stripe), and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393C78CD65B7DA6F15" authorityName="Lauren A. Esposito &amp; Humberto Y. Yamaguti &amp; Cláudio A. Souza &amp; Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; Lorenzo Prendini" authorityYear="2017" box="[1048,1158,328,352]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393C78CD65B7DA6F15" box="[1048,1158,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays only two narrow ventrosubmedian stripes. Typical populations of 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393C4DCDA0B7E26FD6" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[1069,1214,395,419]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393C4DCDA0B7E26FD6" box="[1069,1214,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the northwestern part of the distribution resemble 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393B77CDE3B0FF6F93" authorityName="Teruel and Roncallo" authorityYear="2008" box="[791,931,462,486]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393B77CDE3B0FF6F93" box="[791,931,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. caribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393BBACDE3B71C6F93" authorityName="Lauren A. Esposito &amp; Humberto Y. Yamaguti &amp; Cláudio A. Souza &amp; Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; Lorenzo Prendini" authorityYear="2017" box="[986,1088,462,486]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393BBACDE3B71C6F93" box="[986,1088,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the predominantly pale yellow-tan color, with light infuscation on the carapace and mesosoma, and metasoma V and telson slightly darker than the preceding segments. However, populations from the southeastern part of the distribution (previously referable to 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393CC4CEB4B06E6CA5" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393CC4CEB4B06E6CA5" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. amazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) differ in the markedly infuscate carapace, tergites, metasoma V, and telson, which contrasts with the pale pedipalps, legs, and metasomal segments I–IV (fig. 1F). Additionally, the subaculear tubercle of the telson is small and blunt in 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393BE8CF4CB74D6D02" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[904,1041,863,887]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393BE8CF4CB74D6D02" box="[904,1041,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, vestigial in 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393CC6CF4CB0466DEC" authorityName="Teruel and Roncallo" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393CC6CF4CB0466DEC" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. caribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and subspinoid in 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393B9FCFAEB7346DEC" authorityName="Lauren A. Esposito &amp; Humberto Y. Yamaguti &amp; Cláudio A. Souza &amp; Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha &amp; Lorenzo Prendini" authorityYear="2017" box="[1023,1128,897,921]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochoai">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393B9FCFAEB7346DEC" box="[1023,1128,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">R. ochoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA7B1393AACCF8FB0246843" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B1393AACCF8FB0246843" blockId="109.[684,1214,228,1724]" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
DISTRIBUTION: 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA7B1393BF2CF8EB7CB6DCF" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[914,1175,930,954]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA7B1393BF2CF8EB7CB6DCF" box="[914,1175,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to northern South America and several islands and island archipelagos in the southern Caribbean (fig. 5; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393BBAC82BB1B86A35" author="Teruel and Roncallo" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 12" part="68" refId="ref71905" refString="Teruel, R., and C. A. Roncallo. 2008. Rare or poorly known scorpions from Colombia. III. On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with description of a new species of the genus. Euscorpius 68: 1 - 12." title="Rare or poorly known scorpions from Colombia. III. On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with description of a new species of the genus" type="journal article" year="2008">Teruel and Roncallo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA7B1393A8FC804B75D6A35" author="Teruel and Cozijn" box="[751,1025,1064,1088]" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 6" part="179" refId="ref71749" refString="Teruel, R., and M. A. C. Cozijn. 2013. On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands. Euscorpius 179: 1 - 6." title="On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands" type="journal article" year="2013">Teruel and Cozijn, 2013</bibRefCitation>
): Isla Coche; Isla Cubagua; Isla Margarita; Isla La Tortuga; Isla La Peche, Archipiélago de Los Frailes; Isla Pico [Morro Pando], Archipiélago de Los Hermanos; Archipiélago de Los Roques; Angoletta and Isla Conejo, Archipiélago de Los Testigos. The known localities occur in Brazil (the states of Amazonas, Pará, and Roraima), Colombia (the departments of Arauca, Boyacá, Casanare, Cesar, Meta, La Guajira, Magdalena, and Vichada), Guyana and Venezuela (the states of Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, D.F., Falcon, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Vargas, and Yaracuy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA7B13A3AACCA13B39D6F68" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="109" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA7B13A3AACCA13B39D6F68" blockId="109.[684,1214,228,1724]" lastBlockId="110.[107,636,228,1741]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="109" pageNumber="109">
ECOLOGY: Specimens for which data are available were collected with UV light detection at night in savanna or dry forest (fig. 2E, F). The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A3A6DCCC8B3FA6F68" author="Prendini" firstAuthor="Prendini" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="173 - 188" part="29" refId="ref70328" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 a. Further additions to the scorpion fauna of Trinidad and Tobago. Journal of Arachnology 29 (2): 173 - 188." title="Further additions to the scorpion fauna of Trinidad and Tobago" type="journal article" year="2001">Prendini, 2001</bibRefCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA4B13A38EBCD0AB09E6CFD" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA4B13A38EBCD0AB2E068B9" blockId="110.[107,636,228,1741]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">
REMARKS: 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3971CD0AB14D6F4B" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[273,529,294,318]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3971CD0AB14D6F4B" box="[273,529,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits phenotypic plasticity in size and the intensity of infuscation on the carapace, tergites, metasoma, and pedipalps, apparently associated with habitat variation across the distribution, which ranges from completely open, semiarid coastal scrub in northwestern South America to tree clearings in the tropical rainforest of the Amazon Basin, much further southeast. When considering limited subsets of the overall distribution, this phenotypic plasticity has led to the false recognition of separate species or subspecies for regional variants. For example, 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A3A26CE9FB3AD6C99" author="Lourenco" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="129 - 137" part="33" refId="ref67782" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1986 a. Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 33: 129 - 137." title="Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Lourenço (1986</bibRefCitation>
a, 
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A3969CEF8B21F6C99" author="Lourenco" box="[265,323,724,748]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
), recognized 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39B6CEF9B12A6C99" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" box="[470,630,725,748]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39B6CEF9B12A6C99" box="[470,630,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. amazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A380BCEDAB2546D78" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" box="[107,264,757,781]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A380BCEDAB2546D78" box="[107,264,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. crassicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3927CEDAB1096D78" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2008" box="[327,597,757,781]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="paruensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3927CEDAB1096D78" box="[327,597,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. crassicauda paruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the populations of 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3935CF3BB2B86D5B" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[341,484,790,814]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3935CF3BB2B86D5B" box="[341,484,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that inhabit savanna “islands” surrounded by rainforest, but the low genetic divergence among samples from these populations recovered by Esposito et al. (in review) indicates substantial gene flow between them. The somewhat darker and more contrasting coloration of populations referable to 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A38EBCFD3B26C6A63" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" box="[139,304,1023,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A38EBCFD3B26C6A63" box="[139,304,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. amazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A390DCFD3B1526A63" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" box="[365,526,1022,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A390DCFD3B1526A63" box="[365,526,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. crassicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southeast of the distribution, compared with typical populations of 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3907C86DB2B16A2D" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[359,493,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3907C86DB2B16A2D" box="[359,493,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the north and west, was found to represent a difference in the intensity, rather than the pattern, of pigmentation. For example, these populations exhibit the single, broad band of pigmentation along the ventral surface of the metasoma, just more pronounced than in typical populations of 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A38EAC904B24D6B4A" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[138,273,1319,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A38EAC904B24D6B4A" box="[138,273,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the absence of deep genetic divergence between these populations and consistent combinations of diagnostic morphological characters, we regard 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39C5C9A7B10C6BD7" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" box="[421,592,1419,1442]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39C5C9A7B10C6BD7" box="[421,592,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. amazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3A04C9A7B3B16BB1" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3A04C9A7B3B16BB1" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. crassicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3958C980B1056BB6" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2008" box="[312,601,1452,1476]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="paruensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3958C980B1056BB6" box="[312,601,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. crassicauda paruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A394EC9E1B2EA6B90" authorityName=": Teruel and Cozijn" authorityYear="2013" box="[302,438,1485,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A394EC9E1B2EA6B90" box="[302,438,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and propose the following new synonyms: 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39C6C9C2B2286852" authority="Caporiacco, 1947" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39C6C9C2B3F16852" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus crassicauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A38D3CA23B2286852" author="Caporiacco" box="[179,372,1551,1575]" firstAuthor="Caporiacco" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="20 - 34" part="56" refId="ref64854" refString="Caporiacco, L. di. 1947. Diagnosi preliminari di specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccati e Romiti. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 56 (1 - 6): 20 - 34." title="Diagnosi preliminari di specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccati e Romiti" type="journal article" year="1947">Caporiacco, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39F1CA23B258683D" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39F1CA23B1206852" box="[401,636,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A380BCA1CB258683D" author="Thorell" box="[107,260,1584,1608]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E8B3D28FFA4B13A3972CA1CB2276832" box="[274,379,1584,1608]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39E9CA1CB20A681C" authority="Lourenco, 1986" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39E9CA1CB3D3681C" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus amazonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A38FDCA7DB20A681C" author="Lourenco" box="[157,342,1617,1641]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="129 - 137" part="33" refId="ref67782" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 1986 a. Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 33: 129 - 137." title="Biogeographie et phylogenie des scorpions du genre Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Lourenço, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39E2CA7DB3A368FF" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39E2CA7DB120681C" box="[386,636,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A380BCA5EB3A368FF" author="Thorell" box="[107,255,1650,1674]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E8B3D28FFA4B13A396ACA5EB23268FC" box="[266,366,1650,1674]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3919CA5EB2C468DE" authority="Lourenco, 2008" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="paruensis">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3919CA5EB38A68DE" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus crassicauda paruensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A3882CAB8B2C468DE" author="Lourenco" box="[226,408,1683,1707]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 14" part="73" refId="ref68250" refString="Lourenco, W. R. 2008. The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius 73: 1 - 14." title="The geographic pattern of distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 in the Guayana-Amazon region (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Lourenço, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A39A0CABFB21768B9" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A39A0CABFB3F268B9" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A38D5CA98B21768B9" author="Thorell" box="[181,331,1716,1740]" firstAuthor="Thorell" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 15" part="4" refId="ref72155" refString="Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (17): 1 - 15." title="On the classification of scorpions" type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E8B3D28FFA4B13A3938CA99B2E068B9" box="[344,444,1717,1741]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA4B13A3AACCCC8B09E6CFD" blockId="110.[684,1215,228,1740]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">
<bibRefCitation id="635D21B0FFA4B13A3AACCCC8B76F6E89" author="Teruel and Cozijn" box="[716,1075,228,252]" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 6" part="179" refId="ref71749" refString="Teruel, R., and M. A. C. Cozijn. 2013. On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands. Euscorpius 179: 1 - 6." title="On the distribution of the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the southern Caribbean islands" type="journal article" year="2013">Teruel and Cozijn (2013: 1)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively determined 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3B55CD29B0E86F68" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[821,948,261,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3B55CD29B0E86F68" box="[821,948,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records from islands in the southern Caribbean as 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3B83CD0AB1B36F2A" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3B83CD0AB73F6F4B" box="[995,1123,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Rhopalurus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3CEFCD0AB1B36F2A" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noting “their precise identity still warrants further study.” No consistent morphological differences are observed between the island and mainland populations and Esposito et al. (in review) found no significant genetic divergence between samples from Isla Margarita and the Venezuelan mainland. Therefore, we consider the island populations to be conspecific with, and appropriately assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA4B13A3B54CE5EB0E06CFC" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[820,956,625,649]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3B54CE5EB0E06CFC" box="[820,956,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">R. laticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FD60FCAFFA4B13B3AACCEBEB0CE6CE5" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="110" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="07735C41FFA4B13B3AACCEBEB0CE6CE5" blockId="110.[684,1215,228,1740]" lastBlockId="111.[684,1214,225,656]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">
MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2 ♀ (ZMB 14865). “Mexico,” Dr v. Hubl, 1 ♂ (ZMB 14866). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3C1DCE9FB1BC6C99" bold="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">BRA- ZIL:</emphasis>
F. Kummerow, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMB 8226). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3ACCCEDAB1BD6D78" box="[684,737,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Pará</emphasis>
: Alter do Chão, Santarém, 02°31′36″S 54°54′19″W, 28.x.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha and H.Y. Yamaguti, 1 ♂ (MZSP 30870/AMCC [LP 9686]), 1 subad. ♂, (MZSP 30872), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 9688]), 2 juv. ♀ (MZSP 30873/ AMCC [LP 9689], MZSP 30874/AMCC [LP 9690]), 1 juv. (MZSP 30875/AMCC [LP 9691]); Monte Alegre, 01°56′32″S 54°08′13″W 31.x.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da- Rocha, 2 ♀ (MZSP 30871/AMCC [LP 9687], MZSP 31141/AMCC [LP 9924]). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3C33C86DB7EA6A2D" box="[1107,1206,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Roraima</emphasis>
: Alto Alegre, 02°56′34″N 61°03′0 9″W, 10.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da- Rocha, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31173/AMCC [LP 9952]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31172/AMCC [LP 9927]); Bonfim, 03°22′45″N 59°49′18″W, 13.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 ♂ (MZSP 30878/AMCC [LP 9677]), 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 31175/AMCC [LP 9925]); Mt. Roraima, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 subad. (AMNH [29180]); Mucajaí, 02°27′38″N, 60°54′24″W, 12.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 ♂ (MZSP 30877/AMCC [LP 9676]); Normandia, 03°53′44″N, 59°37′40″W, 14.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31178/AMCC [LP 9959]), 1 ♀ (MZSP 30876/ AMCC [LP 9675]); Río Branco, Amazonasgebiet, 1912, E. Ule, 1 juv. ♀ (ZMB 14867). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3ACCCABFB01068DE" bold="true" box="[684,844,1683,1707]" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">COLOMBIA:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA4B13A3B39CABFB74C68DE" box="[857,1040,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="110">Guaviare Dept.</emphasis>
: San José del Guaviare, xii.1955, Meden, 1 ♀ (SMF 39252). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B380BCCC8B24A6E89" bold="true" box="[107,278,228,252]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">VENEZUELA:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B397DCCC8B23C6E8E" box="[285,352,228,251]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Apure</emphasis>
: Elorza, 10 km SW, road to San Felipe, 07°03.749′N, 69°30.249′W, 89 m, 5.x.2008, J.A. Ochoa and S.E. Bazo Abreu, llanos, 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 1 subad. ♂, 3 juv. ♂ (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 9200]). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B39A3CD45B14B6FF5" box="[451,535,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Aragua</emphasis>
: Cagua, 10°11′N 67°27′W, 1903, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SAM 6512); Maracay, Fahrenholz, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 subad. (SMF 8876/218), 1 subad. ♂ (SMF 29208); Parque Nacional Henri Pittier: Puerto Colombia, Cristo Mirador, 10°30.572′N 67°36.253′W, 1–10 m, 1.viii.2009, F. Rojas-Runjaic, A. Ferrer, L. Prendini and J.A. Ochoa, dry area, hill near to beach, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 10046]). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3966CEBEB20A6CDF" box="[262,342,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Bolívar</emphasis>
: A.C. La Ceiba, between Puerto Ordaz and Ciudad Bolívar, 08°14.023′N 62°55.562′W, 102 m, 15.vii.2009, A. Yepez, M. Blanco and J.A. Ochoa, llanos, 1 ♂ (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 10047]); Cedeño ca. Los Pijiguaos, 06°29.878′N 67°02.600′W, 76 m, 12.x.2008, J.A. Ochoa and S.E. Bazo Abreu, llanos, 2 ♀, 1 subad. ♀ (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 9237]); Ciudad Bolívar, 20.ii.1903, 2 ♀ (ZMH), 07°37.486′N, 64°05.924′W, 117 m, 24.x.2008, J.A. Ochoa and S.E. Bazo Abreu, llanos, 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 1 subad. ♀, 1 juv. ♂, 1 ♂ metasoma (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 9256]); Comunidad Corosal, ca. Pijiguaos, 80 m, 25.x.2008, J.A. Ochoa, forest, 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 2 subad. ♀ (AMNH), 1 subad. ♀ (AMCC [LP 9253]); Gran Sabana, 88 km, xi.2005–ii.2006, C. Siederman, 2 ♂ (AMNH); La Paragua, M.A. de Verde, 1 ♂ (AMNH); Parque Nacional Canaima: Laguna Canaima, Isla Anatoly, 06°15.191′N 62°50.945′W, 395 m, 27.vii.2009, L. Prendini and J.A. Ochoa, savanna and forest, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (AMNH), 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 10048]); Upata, ii.1973, A. Bordes, 1 ♀ (AMNH). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3893C980B2396BB1" box="[243,357,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Carabobo</emphasis>
: Município Valencia: Valencia, 29.xii.1904, F. Kummerow, 1 ♀ (ZMB 31024), ix.1958, H. Ardelt, 2 ♀ (ZMH), Valencia, Falcon Distr., viii.1992, C. Siederman, 1 ♂ (AMNH). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3882CA1CB2D3683D" box="[226,399,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Distríto Federal</emphasis>
: Caracas, iii.1999, C. Siederman, 2 ♀, 20 1 
<taxonomicName id="C0CC27C2FFA5B13B39E3CA7DB2A5681C" box="[387,505,1617,1641]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="instars">st instars</taxonomicName>
(AMNH). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B380BCA5EB39968FC" box="[107,197,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Guarico</emphasis>
: between Calabozo and San Fernando de Apure (about halfway), 30.xi.1967, M.A. de Verde, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Hato Masaguarat, 45 km S Calabozo, 7.iv.1978, Y. Lubin, 1 ♂ (AMNH). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3ACCCD2BB05C6F6A" box="[684,768,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Mérida</emphasis>
: Mérida, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (SMF 5712/27). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3ACCCD04B0516F35" box="[684,781,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Miranda</emphasis>
: Guatire, 15.xii.1975, M.A. González- Sponga, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NM 16431), 29.iv.2004, R.C. West, under rocks, dry forest, 1 ♂ (AMCC [LP 2845]), 1 ♀ (AMNH); Hacienda Santa Rosa, 3 km N Guatire, 450 m, 10.i.1973, M.A. González-Sponga, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (AMNH). 
<emphasis id="35B88053FFA5B13B3ACCCDDEB00F6C7C" box="[684,851,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Nueva Esparta</emphasis>
: Isla Margarita, N of Peninsula de Macanao, 11°02.618′N, 64°21.542′E, 4.ix.2005, S. Huber, 1 ♀ (AMCC [LP 4221]); Isla Margarita, 2001, C. Siederman, 1 ♀ (AMCC [LP 2462]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>