431 lines
48 KiB
XML
431 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F082C2610A0886C20E6133BB44AE05FD">Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ABF7BC47D7B727F2B863AD241D760AC8">Brcko, Isabela Carvalho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="737EE5018A284851A2D89B7853DF1D8F">Hoogmoed, Marinus Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="656F0BE7F03D743ACC37A2C86CE91A77">Neckel-Oliveira, Selvino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="32CDF0C13F69D5576B5EBD455FFBE91F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="685D90C8ED8790F689560D0CFEA789F7">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5242D9B4E194DCC0902B034CDEEE7E4">3686</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6154094F564DFE13CEDE12BF15E2043F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5621239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119572384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5621239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6154094F564DFE13CEDE12BF15E2043F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6154094F564DFE13CEDE12BF15E2043F" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE12BF1684038A" blockId="21.[151,511,691,750]" box="[151,511,691,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<heading id="B20A0F35564DFE10CEDE12BF1684038A" bold="true" box="[151,511,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE12BF16E20389" ID-CoL="MDQG" box="[151,409,692,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE12BF16E20389" bold="true" box="[151,409,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa madeira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CFE812B81684038A" box="[417,511,691,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE12DD163903A9" blockId="21.[151,511,691,750]" box="[151,322,726,750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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(
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<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564DFE10CED712DD167103A9" box="[158,266,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1344]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Species of Bolitoglossa from Brazilian Amazonia. A: Neotype of B. paraensis (MPEG 31682) in life (total length 72.4 mm). Photo M. J. Sturaro; B: Paratype of B. tapajonica sp. nov. (MPEG 31695) in life (total length 79.3 mm). Photo P. R. V. Peloso; C: Paratype of B. caldwellae sp. nov. (MPEG 12877) in life (standard length 38.7 mm): Municipality of Porto Walter, Acre state. Photo J. P. Caldwell; D: Specimen of B. altamazonica collected west of Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state. Photo M. S. Hoogmoed; E: Holotype of B. madeira sp. nov. (MPEG 18344) in life (total length 114.0 mm): Municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia state. Photo W. Hödl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218260/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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E, 6)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE131413570273" blockId="21.[151,1436,798,943]" box="[151,1068,798,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77564DFE10CEDE131413570273" box="[151,1068,798,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE131416D30272" ID-CoL="MDMV" box="[151,424,799,821]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
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<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE131416D30272" box="[151,424,799,821]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa altamazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48564DFE10CF88131515ED0273" author="Wake" box="[449,662,798,821]" page="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CF88131515090273" author="Wake" box="[449,626,798,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Wake, D. B., Brame Jr. II, A. H. & Thomas, R. (1982) A remarkable new species of salamander allied to Bolitoglossa altamazonica (Plethodontidae) from southern Peru. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, 58, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1982">
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<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9564DFE10CF88131516800273" box="[449,507,798,820]" name="Wake Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Wake</collectingCountry>
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||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC48132B154D0272" box="[513,566,799,821]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
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1982
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part); Raffaëlli, 2007: 258 (in part).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2564DFE10CEDE133614F602E8" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE133617840235" blockId="21.[151,1436,798,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77564DFE10CEDE133617840235" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE133616FF0214" ID-CoL="MDRG" box="[151,388,829,851]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
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<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE133616FF0214" box="[151,388,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa paraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CFD71336146C0215" author="Neckel-Oliveira" box="[414,791,829,851]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S. & Hoogmoed, M. S. (2010) Bolitoglossa paraensis. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Available from: http // www. iucnredlist. org (Accessed 13 March 2013)" type="journal article" year="2010">Neckel-Oliveira & Hoogmoed 2010</bibRefCitation>
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(in part);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48564DFE10CDCE133613450214" author="Peloso" box="[903,1086,829,851]" page="669" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CDCE133613770215" author="Peloso" box="[903,1036,829,851]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Peloso, P. L. V. (2010) A safe place for amphibians? A cautionary tale on the taxonomy and conservation of frogs, caecilians, and salamanders in the Brazilian Amazonia. Zoologia, 27, 5, 667 - 673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000500001" type="journal article" year="2010">Peloso 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 669
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part); Segalla
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||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CB4D133512410214" box="[1284,1338,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2010 (in part).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE137114F302D7" blockId="21.[151,1436,798,943]" box="[151,904,890,912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77564DFE10CEDE137114F302D7" box="[151,904,890,912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE1371168D02D7" ID-CoL="MDRG" box="[151,502,890,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis" subGenus="Eladinea">
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||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE1371166C02D7" box="[151,279,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF6F137116F902D7" box="[294,386,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Eladinea</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CFDB1370168D02D7" box="[402,502,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">paraensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48564DFE10CC591371145D02D7" author="Parra-Olea" box="[528,806,890,912]" page="335" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="2004">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CC591371158D02D7" author="Parra-Olea" box="[528,758,890,912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Parra-Olea, G., Garcia-Paris, M. & Wake, D. B. (2004) Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 81, 325 - 346. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2003.00303. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Parra-Olea
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<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CCCC137015C202D7" box="[645,697,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 335
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE139214F602E8" blockId="21.[151,1436,798,943]" box="[151,909,921,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77564DFE10CEDE139214F602E8" box="[151,909,921,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE1392166C02E8" ID-CoL="3B8W" box="[151,279,921,943]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE1392166C02E8" box="[151,279,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48564DFE10CF181392151802E8" author="Avila-Pires" box="[337,611,921,943]" page="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CF181392154402E8" author="Avila-Pires" box="[337,575,921,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S., Hoogmoed, M. S. & Vitt, L. J. (2007) Herpetofauna da Amazonia: 13 - 43. In: Nascimento, L. B. & Oliveira, M. E. (Eds), Herpetologia no Brasil II. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, Belo Horizonte, 354 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Avila-Pires
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF871391157902E8" box="[462,514,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564DFE10CC83139214F202E8" author="Marcal" box="[714,905,921,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Marcal, A. S., Gomes, I. B. S. R. & Coragem, J. T. (Eds.) (2011) UHE: Santo Antonio: guia das especies de fauna resgatadas. Scriba Comunicacao Corporativa, Sao Paulo, 319 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Marçal
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CD501391143502E8" box="[793,846,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2564DFE10CEDE13D7146207AF" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CEDE13D712E70550" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE13D7167702B3" bold="true" box="[151,268,988,1012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564DFE10CEDE13D7167302B3" box="[151,264,988,1012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C564DFE10CF5C13D7161802B3" box="[277,355,988,1012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">MPEG</collectionCode>
|
||
18344, adult Ƥ, left bank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CCFF13D7146F02B3" box="[694,788,988,1012]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river, near Jaci-Paraná river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E564DFE10CA2313D7125402B3" box="[1130,1327,988,1012]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="1" value="-9.1811695">09° 10’ 52,21” S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E564DFE10CB7413D7167E0550" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="1" value="-64.40101">64° 24’ 03,62” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF5813F4151A055F" bold="true" box="[273,609,1023,1048]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Municipality of Porto Velho</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC39140B14DF055F" bold="true" box="[624,932,1023,1048]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
state of Rondônia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9564DFE10CD1A13F414E4055F" box="[851,927,1023,1048]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564DFE10CDE213F4149F0550" box="[939,996,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="78.0">78 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<date id="9D439E99564DFE10CA2B13F4139D0550" box="[1122,1254,1023,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2004-07-02">2-VII-2004</date>
|
||
, leg. A.P. Lima.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CE8E142F167905E0" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CE8E142F163C057B" bold="true" box="[199,327,1060,1084]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564DFE10CE8E142F1638057B" box="[199,323,1060,1084]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three individuals:
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC60142813E5057B" bold="true" box="[553,1182,1059,1084]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9564DFE10CC601428150E057B" box="[553,629,1059,1084]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rondônia state, Municipality of Porto Velho
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: left bank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CB74142F12E0057B" box="[1341,1435,1060,1084]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river, near Jirau Hydroelectric Project, 09° 15’ 42,63 S, 64° 40’ 6,57 W,
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564DFE10CD94144C135D0527" box="[989,1062,1095,1120]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation:
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C564DFE10CAEC1443139F0527" box="[1189,1252,1096,1120]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
14767, Ƥ,
|
||
<date id="9D439E99564DFE10CB15144C17A805C3" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2004-03-09">9-III- 2004</date>
|
||
, leg. A.P. Lima,
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C564DFE10CFD0146716A205C3" box="[409,473,1132,1156]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
14915,
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C564DFE10CC70146715FC05C3" box="[569,647,1132,1156]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">MPEG</collectionCode>
|
||
18343,
|
||
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D0564DFE10CCA01467141205C3" box="[745,873,1132,1156]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9D439E99564DFE10CD311467148005C3" box="[888,1019,1132,1156]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2004-07-01">1-VII-2004</date>
|
||
, same locality data and collector as
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564DFE10CEDE1484178505E0" box="[151,254,1167,1191]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CE8E14B8123B0453" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CE8E14B816C5058B" bold="true" box="[199,446,1203,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
Two individuals:
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CCC614B81275058B" bold="true" box="[655,1294,1203,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9564DFE10CCC614B815A0058B" box="[655,731,1203,1228]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rondônia state, Municipality of Porto Velho:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
left bank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE14DC178E05A8" box="[151,245,1239,1263]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river, near Jirau Hydroelectric Project,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E564DFE10CCF514DC140705A8" box="[700,892,1239,1263]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="1" value="-9.1811695">09° 10’ 52,21” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E564DFE10CDCE14DC132B05A8" box="[903,1104,1239,1263]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" precision="1" value="-64.40101">64° 24’ 03,62” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564DFE10CA1214DC13D905A8" box="[1115,1186,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation: MZUSP-A 146805, juvenile,
|
||
<date id="9D439E99564DFE10CF2D14F7169B0453" box="[356,480,1276,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2011-05-28">28-V-2011</date>
|
||
, leg. Lobo
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC1614F615E30453" box="[607,664,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP-A 148389, juvenile,
|
||
<date id="9D439E99564DFE10CDBF14F713F30453" box="[1014,1160,1276,1300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="2011-07-20">20-VII-2011</date>
|
||
, leg. Lobo
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CB4E14F612420453" box="[1287,1337,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CE8E1514146207AF" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CE8E15141519047F" bold="true" box="[199,610,1311,1336]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from all other genera of Neotropical salamanders by extensive digital webbing, 13 costal grooves between the limbs and the absence of a sublingual fold. A large and robust species of
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF261563157F04C7" box="[367,516,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CF261563157B04C7" box="[367,512,1384,1408]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bolitoglossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with digits completely webbed, morphologically similar to other species of Brazilian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CF4C1587160604E3" box="[261,381,1420,1444]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be distinguished from other Brazilian Amazonian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CA351587127104E3" box="[1148,1290,1420,1444]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CA351587127104E3" box="[1148,1290,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CB53158712EE04E3" box="[1306,1429,1420,1444]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CB53158712EE04E3" box="[1306,1429,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">caldwellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CEDE15BA167E048F" box="[151,261,1457,1480]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE15BA167E048F" box="[151,261,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">paraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CF5C15BA16F5048F" box="[277,398,1457,1480]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF5C15BA16F5048F" box="[277,398,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">tapajonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) mainly by its larger size (condition for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CD2215BA1490048F" box="[875,1003,1456,1480]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CD2215BA1490048F" box="[875,1003,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. madeira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CDBD15BB132B048F" box="[1012,1104,1456,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CDBD15BB132B048F" bold="true" box="[1012,1104,1456,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in parentheses) (total length about 30% more than in other species, maximum length 86.0–114.0 mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564DFE10CA6015DF13D304AB" box="[1065,1192,1492,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), greater number of vomerine (20–33) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564DFE10CFCD15FC16950748" box="[388,494,1527,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and dentary teeth (53–78) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564DFE10CD3815FC14A70748" box="[881,988,1527,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CBCD15F2164B0773" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CBCD15F2164B0773" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CF321616156C0773" box="[379,535,1565,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF321616156C0773" box="[379,535,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characteristics (condition for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CA3F161613850773" box="[1142,1278,1564,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CA3F161613850773" box="[1142,1278,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. madeira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CB591617120E0773" box="[1296,1397,1564,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CB591617120E0773" bold="true" box="[1296,1397,1564,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in parentheses):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CF7A164B151A071F" box="[307,609,1600,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF7A164B151A071F" box="[307,609,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bolitoglossa altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: SL/HL in adult females 5.7–7.6 times (6.7–7.0 times); DBE/HL in adult females 30–50%, mean 40% (60% in adult females);
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CCBE166F1372073B" box="[759,1033,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CCBE166F1378073B" box="[759,1027,1636,1660]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">Bolitoglossa peruviana</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SL
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564DFE10CA70166F13A5073B" box="[1081,1246,1636,1660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.625" metricValueMax="4.24" metricValueMin="3.01" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="36.25" valueMax="42.4" valueMin="30.1">30.1–42.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult females (
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564DFE10CED71683162807E7" box="[158,339,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.435" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="4.9799999999999995" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="54.349999999999994" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="49.8">49.8–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MT/SL in adult females 0.3–1.4 teeth per mm (0.4–0.5). For comparison of selected morphometric and dentition characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CC3216A614480783" box="[635,819,1708,1732]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC3216A614480783" box="[635,819,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CD0816A614B50783" box="[833,974,1709,1732]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CD0816A614B50783" box="[833,974,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. paraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CD9516A613150783" box="[988,1134,1709,1732]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CD9516A613150783" box="[988,1134,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CA3516A6126E0783" box="[1148,1301,1709,1732]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CA3516A613F60783" box="[1148,1165,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CAD216A6126E0783" box="[1179,1301,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">tapajonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CB5216A7120E0783" box="[1307,1397,1708,1732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CB5216A7120E0783" bold="true" box="[1307,1397,1708,1732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CBCD16A6166907AF" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CBCD16A612EE0783" box="[1412,1429,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CEDE16DB166907AF" box="[151,274,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">caldwellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CF5016DB160F07AF" box="[281,372,1744,1768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF5016DB160F07AF" bold="true" box="[281,372,1744,1768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564DFE10CFE216DA155207AF" box="[427,553,1744,1768]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CFE216DA16C707AF" box="[427,444,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CF8216DB155207AF" box="[459,553,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">madeira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD930564DFE10CC7916DB15F007AF" box="[560,651,1744,1768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CC7916DB15F007AF" bold="true" box="[560,651,1744,1768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
see Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2564DFE13CE8E16FF14F802E3" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE10CE8E16FF130206DB" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CE8E16FF14B0064B" bold="true" box="[199,971,1779,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
Measurements (in mm) and counts of
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564DFE10CCD516FF147F064B" box="[668,772,1780,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MPEG 18344).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 114.0; SL 58.9; SVL 53.3; HL 8.4; HW 6.9; HD 3.7; SGF 11.7; EYW 1.6; EYL 2.3; SNL 2.9; SP 1.0; SWS 4.8; LWS 4.2; EN 2.5; OD 2.1; DBE 4.8; IDE 2.6; NGGF 3.8; SA 16.6; AG 32.9; PECW 5.8; interval between adpressed fore- and hind limbs 4.5 costal folds; 13 costal grooves; FL 11.3; HLL 14.1; HDW 3.7; FW 5.1; LIIIF 3.4; LIIIT 4.1; LVT 3.3; TL 55.1; TW 4.5; TD 4.5; VL 5.6; number of teeth: PT 4, MT 7–16, VT 18–15, DT 53–78.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564DFE13CE8E17AC157D0192" blockId="21.[151,1437,988,2021]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564DFE10CE8E17AC15270687" bold="true" box="[199,604,1959,1984]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564DFE10CFD617A3157C0687" box="[415,519,1960,1984]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Color in life is based on slides by W. Höld and A. Lima. Dorsal surface yellowish brown. Top of head with dark brown triangular mark originating between eyes, with apex extending posteriorly, following mid-dorsal line. Dark brown dorso-lateral band. Dark brown fore and hind limbs, hands and feet dark brown. Iris orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E10D416490078" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E10D4147301BF" bold="true" box="[199,776,223,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Color of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564EFE13CF2910EB16BC01BF" box="[352,455,224,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564EFE13CCD810D4158201BF" box="[657,761,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,587,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,561,1782]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Shape and coloration pattern (in alcohol) of Brazilian Amazonia Bolitoglossa, from top to bottom: B. paraensis (neotype MPEG 31682) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 22176) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right) (a); B. caldwellae sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 12886) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. madeira sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 18344) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. altamazonica (specimen MPEG 5455) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right). Specimens rendered at similar size, but different scales. Scale bars all represent 1 cm. Photos M. J. Sturaro." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218261/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Color as in life, but dorsal surface yellowish, cream spots on the light brown ventral surface, snout with cream specks above the nasolabial protuberance, hands and feet same color as back.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E114016EA03A8" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E114016220023" bold="true" box="[199,345,331,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
A large, robust species. Maximum total length 114.0 mm. SL in two adult females
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564EFE13CAB0114712E70023" box="[1273,1436,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.435" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="4.9799999999999995" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="54.349999999999994" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="49.8">49.8–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564EFE13CEAF1164162B00C0" box="[230,336,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4399999999999995" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="54.4">54.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Species with slender head, SL/HW 7.3–8.5 times (mean 7.9 times) in females; head flattened, about 1.1–1.2 times longer than wide, head as wide as neck. Eyes slightly prominent, horizontal orbit diameter varies from 70–80% of the snout length. Eyes protrude slightly beyond lateral margins of head. Nasolabial protuberances evident and weakly developed in adult females. Snout short, SNL/HL 30%, moderately broad, SWS/ HL 50% in females. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Canthus rostralis not distinct. Nostrils small, located near tip of snout. Body cylindrical and slightly flattened, with 13 distinct and deep costal grooves. Limbs rather robust and short, costal interspaces between adpressed fore and hind limbs 4.5. Hands and feet broad, extensively and complete webbed with distal phalanges of all digits free. Fingers in order of decreasing length 3–2– 4–1, toes 3–2–4–5–1. Original tail round in cross-section, gradually tapering to its tip; moderately short, never exceeding the standard length, TL/SL 73–94% in females. Number of teeth in adult females: PT 3–4, MT 23–25, VT 20–33, DT 53–78.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E12F014F802E3" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E12F015D80253" bold="true" box="[199,675,763,788]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Coloration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564EFE13CF2412F716980253" box="[365,483,764,788]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Back cream, yellowish or dark brown in some specimens with light brown or reddish brown. Top of head with dark brown triangular mark originating between eyes, with apex extending posteriorly, following mid-dorsal line. Dark brown dorso-lateral band. Cream spots on light brown ventral surface. Snout with cream specks above nasolabial protuberances (snout almost completely cream in one specimen). Fore and hind limbs dark brown, hands and feet cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2564EFE13CE8E13BB156F0477" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E13BB15300557" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E13BB1640028F" bold="true" box="[199,315,944,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564EFE13CF0F13A415190280" box="[326,610,943,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S., Hoogmoed, M. S. & Vitt, L. J. (2007) Herpetofauna da Amazonia: 13 - 43. In: Nascimento, L. B. & Oliveira, M. E. (Eds), Herpetologia no Brasil II. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, Belo Horizonte, 354 pp." type="book chapter">
|
||
Avila-Pires
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CF8613BA1577028F" box="[463,524,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already called attention to the existence of this taxon, noting that the municipality of Porto Velho had another species [of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564EFE13CCB613DF14F002AB" box="[767,907,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CCB613DF14F002AB" box="[767,907,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] larger than the species around Belém, Pará, which they considered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564EFE13CFF113F2153F0557" box="[440,580,1017,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CFF113F2153F0557" box="[440,580,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">B. paraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E1410156F0477" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E141016D60573" bold="true" box="[199,429,1051,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Habitat and range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the northwestern part of Rondônia state, on left bank of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564EFE13CB76141712E70573" box="[1343,1436,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river, near Hydroelectric Projects of Santo Antônio and Jirau, both in the Municipality of Porto Velho. Individuals were found at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564EFE13CF9A146F1527053B" box="[467,604,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="m" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70 to 100 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC564EFE13CD56146F14F4053B" box="[799,911,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1434,1457]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,202,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1413]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Bolitoglossa caldwellae sp. nov. and Bolitoglossa madeira sp. nov. and localities of Bolitoglossa sp. Type-localities: B. caldwellae sp. nov. (13 black dot, 5 km north Porto Walter, Acre), B. madeira sp. nov. (15 black square, Jaci-Paraná, Porto Velho, Rondônia). Other localities: B. caldwellae sp. nov. (open circles: 12 Cruzeiro do Sul, 13 Porto Walter localities, 14 Marechal Thaumaturgo), B. madeira sp. nov. (16 open square). Specimens of Bolitoglossa sp. (1 Colocação Vira Volta, 2 Lago Vai quem quer, 3 BR- 319, 4 Carauari, 5 Barreira do Matupiri, 6 Jainú, 7 Canutama, 8 Igarapé Nova Empresa, 9 Boca do Pauini, 10 Tarauacá, 11 Lábrea, 17 Rio Branco)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218265/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) and between 0.7 and
|
||
<quantity id="2E0515BC564EFE13CAC6146F13AB053B" box="[1167,1232,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground on leaves of vegetation. The species occurs in wetlands, near creeks and streams inside the forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8564EFE13CB4E148317A80583" author="Marcal" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Marcal, A. S., Gomes, I. B. S. R. & Coragem, J. T. (Eds.) (2011) UHE: Santo Antonio: guia das especies de fauna resgatadas. Scriba Comunicacao Corporativa, Sao Paulo, 319 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Marçal
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CB2B148212E705E7" box="[1378,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It should be noted that as far as is known now, the entire range of this new species is limited to the area along the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564EFE13CE8914DB166605AF" box="[192,285,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river where large scale hydroelectric projects (Jirau and Santo Antonio) destroy large tracts of suitable habitat. This development should be followed and monitored with utmost care as it may lead to the complete destruction of this species habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2564EFE13CE8E153715E2043F" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E942B859564EFE13CE8E153715E2043F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB89644B564EFE13CE8E153716350413" bold="true" box="[199,334,1340,1364]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is taken from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA564EFE13CC9F153714480413" box="[726,819,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">Madeira</taxonomicName>
|
||
river, which borders the
|
||
<typeStatus id="364606FB564EFE13CA07153613050412" box="[1102,1150,1341,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and is one of the most important affluents of the Amazon river.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |